{"id":145452,"date":"2026-09-03T16:30:32","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:30:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145452"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:56:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:56:24","slug":"supay-skodlivi-duchove-podsveti-and","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/supay-skodlivi-duchove-podsveti-and\/","title":{"rendered":"Supay \u2013 \u0161kodliv\u00ed duchov\u00e9 a vl\u00e1dce podsv\u011bt\u00ed And"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145452\" class=\"elementor elementor-145452 elementor-2580 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Supay, \u0161kodliv\u00ed duchov\u00e9, vl\u00e1dce podsv\u011bt\u00ed a d\u016fln\u00ed d\u00e9mon andsk\u00e9 vyso\u010diny<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Supay (ke\u010du\u00e1nsky <em>supay<\/em>, ajmarsky <em>supaya<\/em>) ozna\u010duje v andsk\u00e9 tradici jak t\u0159\u00eddu \u0161kodliv\u00fdch duch\u016f, tak konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed postavu vl\u00e1dce podsv\u011bt\u00ed. V bolivijsk\u00e9 hornick\u00e9 oblasti se prom\u011bnil v <em>Tia<\/em>, d\u016fln\u00edho d\u00e9mona st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdch dol\u016f v Potos\u00ed a Oruru.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u0160kodliv\u00fd duch tradice And \/ Ink\u016f.\">\u0160kodliv\u00fd duch<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145436\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytologie tradice And \/ Ink\u016f.\">Andy \/ Inkov\u00e9<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Podsv\u011btn\u00ed d\u00e9mon.\">Podsv\u011btn\u00ed d\u00e9mon<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas 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class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-supay-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-supay-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg 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975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_anden-inka_supay-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2675\" alt=\"Supay \u2013 \u0161kodliv\u00ed duchov\u00e9 a vl\u00e1dce podsv\u011bt\u00ed And\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_anden-inka_supay-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_anden-inka_supay-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_anden-inka_supay-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_anden-inka_supay.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed v andsk\u00e9m panteonu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Supay je obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b za\u0159aditeln\u00e1 postava andsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Na rozd\u00edl od st\u00e1tn\u00edch imperi\u00e1ln\u00edch vrcholn\u00fdch bo\u017estev <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145446\">Inti<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145448\">Viracocha<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145449\">Mama Killa<\/a> nen\u00ed Supay ani osobn\u00edm stvo\u0159itelem, ani jasn\u011b definovan\u00fdm jednotliv\u00fdm bohem. V nejstar\u0161\u00edch ke\u010du\u00e1nsk\u00fdch pramenech ozna\u010duje t\u0159\u00eddu \u0161kodliv\u00fdch bezt\u011blesn\u00fdch bytost\u00ed, duch\u016f zem\u0159el\u00fdch, d\u00e9mon\u016f nemoc\u00ed, no\u010dn\u00edch ru\u0161itel\u016f, a sou\u010dasn\u011b i personifikovanou vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed postavu podsv\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p><p>\u0160pan\u011bl\u0161t\u00ed mision\u00e1\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edvali od 16. stolet\u00ed <em>supay<\/em> jako ke\u010du\u00e1nsk\u00fd ekvivalent k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho \u010f\u00e1bla (<em>diablo<\/em>).<\/p><p>Tato identifikace zna\u010dn\u011b zkreslila p\u016fvodn\u00ed obsah pojmu: zat\u00edmco k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd \u010f\u00e1bel je koncipov\u00e1n jako \u010dist\u011b zl\u00e1 s\u00edla, byl supay v p\u0159edhisp\u00e1nsk\u00e9 andsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e dan\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span> mravn\u011b ambivalentn\u00ed postavou, nebezpe\u010dnou, ale za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed i u\u017eite\u010dnou, v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u0161ak ryz\u00edm zlem.<\/p><p>Peru\u00e1nsk\u00fd antropolog Manuel Marzal systematicky popsal zkreslen\u00ed supay\/diablo ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle <em>El mundo religioso de Urcos<\/em> (1971).<\/p><p>V religionistick\u00e9 klasifikaci pat\u0159\u00ed Supay do \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed kategorie <em>chtonick\u00fdch numinozit<\/em>, bytost\u00ed hlubin, nitra zem\u011b, jeskyn\u00ed a \u0161achet.<\/p><p>Struktur\u00e1ln\u011b srovnateln\u00ed jsou \u0159eck\u00fd H\u00e1des, germ\u00e1nsk\u00e1 Hel, mezoamerick\u00fd Mictlantecuhtli a v jist\u00e9m smyslu i voodoo Baron Samedi. Ve v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edpadech se jedn\u00e1 o bytosti spojen\u00e9 se sv\u011btem mrtv\u00fdch a s podzemn\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed.<\/p><p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je \u010dasn\u00e9 \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee ke\u010du\u00e1nsky mluv\u00edc\u00ed Inkov\u00e9 neznali jednotn\u00fd koncept absolutn\u00edho zla. Polo de Ondegardo zaznamenal roku 1559, \u017ee Inkov\u00e9 znali mnoho \u0161kodliv\u00fdch bytost\u00ed, ale \u017e\u00e1dnou jednotnou personifikaci zla jako k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho Satana.<\/p><p>Toto pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed hodnotili mision\u00e1\u0159i nejprve jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e dan\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologick\u00fd<\/span> nedostatek a napravili je identifikac\u00ed supay\/diablo, co\u017e je proces, kter\u00fdm se n\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistorick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum zab\u00fdv\u00e1 a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a etymologie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ke\u010du\u00e1nsk\u00fd v\u00fdraz <em>supay<\/em> je dolo\u017een ji\u017e v nejstar\u0161\u00edch koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch slovn\u00edc\u00edch. Diego Gonzalez Holguin uv\u00e1d\u00ed v roce 1608 v\u00fdznam <em>demonio o sombra<\/em>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no \u0161kodliv\u00e9 nebo rozporn\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mon<\/span> nebo st\u00edn. Tento dvoj\u00ed v\u00fdznam je v\u00fdmluvn\u00fd: <em>sombra<\/em> neznamen\u00e1 pouze optick\u00fd st\u00edn, ale jist\u00fd druh net\u011blesn\u00e9 bytosti, kter\u00e1 se m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ichytit \u017eiv\u00fdch. Mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo <em>supaykuna<\/em> ozna\u010duje mno\u017estv\u00ed takov\u00fdch st\u00ednov\u00fdch bytost\u00ed.<\/p><p>V ajmarsk\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 oblasti zn\u00ed ekvivalent <em>supaya<\/em> nebo <em>saxra<\/em>. Druh\u00fd v\u00fdraz je dnes v bolivijsk\u00fdch ajmarsk\u00fdch vesnic\u00edch b\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a ozna\u010duje \u0161kodliv\u00e9 duchy, kte\u0159\u00ed s\u00eddl\u00ed v ur\u010dit\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch jevech (v\u00edrech, skaln\u00edch trhlin\u00e1ch, jeskyn\u00edch).<\/p><p>V modern\u00edch ke\u010du\u00e1nsky mluv\u00edc\u00edch vesnic\u00edch pro\u0161el pojem <em>supay<\/em> diferencovan\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem.<\/p><p>Catherine Allen rozli\u0161uje ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle <em>The Hold Life Has<\/em> (2002) t\u0159i s\u00e9mantick\u00e1 pole: zaprv\u00e9 <em>supay<\/em> jako pejorativn\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed pro k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 d\u00e9mony (ve smyslu mision\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 identifikace), zadruh\u00e9 <em>supay<\/em> jako obecn\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed st\u00ednov\u00e9ho \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho duchu, zat\u0159et\u00ed <em>supay<\/em> jako ctihodn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edzvisko ur\u010dit\u00fdch horsk\u00fdch p\u00e1n\u016f (Apu) nebo mumi\u00ed p\u0159edk\u016f (mallqui), kter\u00e9 nab\u00e1daj\u00ed k respektu a obez\u0159etnosti.<\/p><p>Etymologick\u00e1 bl\u00edzkost <em>supay<\/em> ke ke\u010du\u00e1nsk\u00e9mu slovesu <em>supay-<\/em> (b\u00fdt odv\u00e1ty v\u011btrem, b\u00fdt odnesen) p\u0159ivedla n\u011bkter\u00e9 lingvisty k domn\u011bnce, \u017ee z\u00e1kladn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem je <em>vichrem odnesen\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span><\/em>, bytost, kter\u00e1 je po smrti v\u011btrem odnesena zp\u011bt do sv\u011bta \u017eiv\u00fdch.<\/p><p>Tato jazykov\u011b-historick\u00e1 hypot\u00e9za nen\u00ed definitivn\u011b potvrzena, dob\u0159e v\u0161ak zapad\u00e1 do etnograficky pozorovan\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy supay jako <em>v\u011btrn\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">ducha<\/span><\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis a ikonografie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V ran\u00fdch kronik\u00e1ch je Supay popisov\u00e1n jako beztvar\u00fd, jako neviditeln\u00e1, prchav\u00e1 bytost, kter\u00e1 pron\u00e1sleduje \u017eiv\u00e9 ve sp\u00e1nku, v nemoci nebo v noci. Toto ikonografick\u00e9 pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 m\u00edsto je charakteristick\u00e9 pro starou andskou p\u0159edstavu o \u0161kod\u00edc\u00edch duch\u00e1ch; nebyly zobrazov\u00e1ny v pevn\u00e9 form\u011b, ale byly ob\u00e1v\u00e1ny jako neviditeln\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost.<\/p><p>Se \u0161pan\u011blskou misi\u00ed a ztoto\u017en\u011bn\u00edm s k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdm \u010f\u00e1blem se ikonografie radik\u00e1ln\u011b zm\u011bnila. V koloni\u00e1ln\u00edm mal\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed \u0161kol Cusque\u00f1a a Potos\u00ed se Supay objevuje st\u00e1le v\u00edce v evropsko-\u010f\u00e1belsk\u00e9 podob\u011b: s rohy, dlouh\u00fdm ocasem, koz\u00edmi nohami, n\u011bkdy obklopen sirn\u00fdmi v\u00fdpary.<\/p><p>Slavn\u00fd obraz <em>Triumph des Heiligen Michael<\/em> (\u0161kola Cusque\u00f1a, 17. stol.) zobrazuje n\u011bkolik takov\u00fdch Supay\u016f pod nohama archand\u011bla.<\/p><p>V bolivijsk\u00e9 hornick\u00e9 oblasti se od 17. stolet\u00ed vyvinula vlastn\u00ed ikonografie Tia: z hl\u00edny modelovan\u00e9 mu\u017esk\u00e9 postavy se zlat\u00fdma o\u010dima, rohatou hlavou, tab\u00e1kovou cigaretou v \u00fastech a v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm ztopo\u0159en\u00fdm falem, v\u00fdrazem plodnosti zem\u011b, kter\u00e1 rod\u00ed st\u0159\u00edbro.<\/p><p>Tyto postavy Tia stoj\u00ed dodnes t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v ka\u017ed\u00e9 d\u016fln\u00ed chodb\u011b regionu Potos\u00ed-Oruro. June Nash je podrobn\u011b zdokumentovala v d\u00edle <em>We Eat the Mines and the Mines Eat Us<\/em> (1979).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mytologick\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mytologick\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed mezi generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span> ohledn\u011b Supaye je fragment\u00e1rn\u00ed. V Huarochirsk\u00e9m rukopisu (asi 1608) vystupuje n\u011bkolik supay-bytost\u00ed jako protivn\u00edci hrdinsk\u00fdch postav; obvykle jsou p\u0159emo\u017eeny lst\u00ed nebo za\u017eehn\u00e1ny ritu\u00e1ln\u00edmi praktikami.<\/p><p>Crist\u00f3bal de Albornoz ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle <em>Instrucci\u00f3n para descubrir todas las guacas<\/em> (asi 1581) popisuje r\u016fzn\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy supay, mezi nimi <em>aya supay<\/em> (duchy mrtv\u00fdch), <em>chuqui supay<\/em> (kop\u00ed-duchy, tedy v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 d\u00e9mony) a <em>llocsi supay<\/em> (vystupuj\u00edc\u00ed, tedy putuj\u00edc\u00ed stra\u0161ideln\u00e9 duchy).<\/p><p>Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd motiv ve vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edch quechu\u00e1nsky mluv\u00edc\u00edch vesnic se t\u00fdk\u00e1 <em>condenado<\/em> (Proklet\u00e9ho): du\u0161e mrtv\u00e9ho, kter\u00e1 se pro incest, vra\u017edu nebo jin\u00fd z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd zlo\u010din nem\u016f\u017ee dostat do posmrtn\u00e9ho sv\u011bta a bloud\u00ed jako putuj\u00edc\u00ed Supay.<\/p><p>Tito condenados se toulaj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na v vysokohorsk\u00fdch oblastech v noci, cestuj\u00edc\u00edm se zjevuj\u00ed jako smutn\u00fd, ale stra\u0161ideln\u00fd pr\u016fvodce a sna\u017e\u00ed se strhnout \u017eiv\u00e9 do smrti. Catherine Allenov\u00e1 zaznamenala pro vesnici Sonqo n\u011bkolik takov\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o condenados.<\/p><p>V hornick\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v dan\u00e9 kultu\u0159e.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span> bolivijsk\u00fdch And vystupuje Supay\/T\u00edo jako p\u00e1n st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdch lo\u017eisek. \u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed popisuje, jak prvn\u00ed hav\u00ed\u0159 narazil na sochu T\u00eda a vyslechl ji: T\u00edo sl\u00edbil bohat\u00e9 st\u0159\u00edbro, ale jako protihodnotu po\u017eadoval koku, p\u00e1lenku a p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u011b i lidsk\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p><p>Tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh je sice legend\u00e1rn\u00ed, ale velmi p\u0159esn\u011b odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko \u00faraz\u016f v \u0161acht\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 se ritu\u00e1ln\u011b zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch uct\u00edvac\u00edch praktik v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span> T\u00eda.<\/p><p>Dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed se t\u00fdk\u00e1 bytost\u00ed <em>pishtaco<\/em>, specifick\u00e9 formy p\u0159\u00edbuzenstva Supaye, kter\u00e9 se v nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch andsk\u00fdch vesnic\u00edch dost\u00e1v\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornosti. Pishtacov\u00e9 jsou b\u011bloko\u017en\u00e9 bytosti saj\u00edc\u00ed tuk, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed tuk sv\u00fdch <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu na vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed d\u00edk\u016f, prosby nebo \u00facty.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011bt\u00ed<\/span> zabudov\u00e1vat do pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch stroj\u016f.<\/p><p>Toto vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed je dolo\u017eeno od pozdn\u00edho 16. stolet\u00ed a znovu se aktivuje v ka\u017ed\u00e9 f\u00e1zi ekonomick\u00e9ho p\u0159elomu. Mary Weismantelov\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci <em>Cholas and Pishtacos<\/em> (2001) uk\u00e1zala, jak toto vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensky zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi domorod\u00fdm obyvatelstvem a neindi\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi mocnostmi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult a hornick\u00fd ritu\u00e1l<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Inksk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factn\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f k bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> Supaye existoval pouze v negativn\u00ed form\u011b: Supayov\u00e9 nebyli p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00fdmi bo\u017estvy, ale duchy, jejich\u017e \u0161kod\u00e1m bylo nutno \u010delit ritu\u00e1ln\u00edmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi.<\/p><p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem je v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed \u010dist\u00edc\u00ed sv\u00e1tek <em>Citua<\/em> v Cuscu (z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed), p\u0159i kter\u00e9m v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edci proch\u00e1zeli s pochodn\u011bmi m\u011bstem, vyh\u00e1n\u011bli v\u0161echny nemoci, v\u0161echny zn\u00e1m\u00e9 bytosti supay a v\u0161echny poruchy z m\u011bsta a symbolicky je odplavovali do \u010dty\u0159 sv\u011btov\u00fdch stran.<\/p><p>Od 17. stolet\u00ed vznikl v bolivijsk\u00fdch hornick\u00fdch oblastech samostatn\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factn\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f k bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> Tia, kter\u00fd jde daleko za pouh\u00e9 odvracen\u00ed a p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed v aktivn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di o vztah s d\u00e9monem chodeb.<\/p><p>Horn\u00edci ob\u011btuj\u00ed Tiovi ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u00fater\u00fd a p\u00e1tek: kladou mu kokov\u00e1 listy na kl\u00edn, lij\u00ed mu p\u00e1lenku do \u00fast\u00ed, vkl\u00e1daj\u00ed mu do \u00fast\u00ed ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed cigarety a pros\u00ed ho, aby uvolnil st\u0159\u00edbro a udr\u017eel chodby bezpe\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p><p>Vrcholem je v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed <em>Carnaval Minero<\/em> (karneval horn\u00edk\u016f) v Oruru, kter\u00fd je od roku 2001 zaps\u00e1n na seznamu UNESCO.<\/p><p>Ve st\u0159edu stoj\u00ed tanec <em>Diablada<\/em>, kter\u00fd zobrazuje por\u00e1\u017eku Tia archand\u011blem Michaelem, choreografick\u00e9 slou\u010den\u00ed p\u0159ed\u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> Supaye s katolickou naukou o d\u00e9monech. Slavn\u00e9 st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 \u010f\u00e1belsk\u00e9 masky orursk\u00e9ho karnevalu jsou z\u00e1rove\u0148 um\u011bleckohistorick\u00fdm i n\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistorick\u00fdm jevem.<\/p><p>Hornick\u00e1 oblast Potos\u00ed byla od objeven\u00ed st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdch lo\u017eisek v roce 1545 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm centrem \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiky. M\u011bsto Potos\u00ed se ve 17. stolet\u00ed s v\u00edce ne\u017e 160 000 obyvateli stalo jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch m\u011bst sv\u011bta.<\/p><p>Enormn\u00ed po\u010dty mrtv\u00fdch mezi domorod\u00fdmi d\u011bln\u00edky mita, tis\u00edce horn\u00edk\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b um\u00edraly na otravu rtut\u00ed, \u00farazy a vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed, formovaly <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span> Tia a daly j\u00ed krvav\u00e9 pozad\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je dodnes p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 v orursko-bolivijsk\u00fdch karnevalov\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e1 praxe a apotropaick\u00e9 prvky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ochrana proti Supay\u016fm tvo\u0159\u00ed jednu z nejbohat\u0161\u00edch kapitol andsk\u00e9ho lidov\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Catherine Allen, Joseph Bastien a Olivia Harris ve sv\u00fdch etnografick\u00fdch d\u00edlech systematicky popsaly p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nou praxi ve vesnic\u00edch.<\/p><p>Mezi kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 prost\u0159edky pat\u0159\u00ed: no\u0161en\u00ed \u010derven\u00e9 vln\u011bn\u00e9 nit\u011b na z\u00e1p\u011bst\u00ed (zejm\u00e9na u mal\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed), um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed mal\u00e9 kombinace k\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u016f nad vchodov\u00fdmi dve\u0159mi domu, vyku\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed domu listy eukalyptu a mu\u00f1y (druh horsk\u00e9 divok\u00e9 m\u00e1ty) a no\u0161en\u00ed kousk\u016f \u010desneku nebo routy na krku. Tyto praktiky byly v detailech synkretisticky ovlivn\u011bny i evropsk\u00fdmi lidov\u00fdmi l\u00e9\u010ditelsk\u00fdmi tradicemi.<\/p><p>Specifick\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 praxe se t\u00fdk\u00e1 <em>almas-en-pena<\/em> (du\u0161\u00ed v muk\u00e1ch) a <em>condenados<\/em>: Kdo na Du\u0161i\u010dky (1.\/2. listopadu) nep\u0159iprav\u00ed ritu\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159edepsan\u00e9 j\u00eddlo pro mrtv\u00e9, riskuje, \u017ee se zesnul\u00ed p\u0159edkov\u00e9 vr\u00e1t\u00ed jako Supayov\u00e9.<\/p><p>Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 praxe pokrmu <em>Todos Santos<\/em>, se speci\u00e1ln\u011b upe\u010den\u00fdmi chlebov\u00fdmi figurkami (<em>t&#8217;antawawas<\/em>), kuku\u0159ic\u00ed choclo, kuku\u0159i\u010dn\u00fdmi sladkostmi a listy koky, je z\u00e1rove\u0148 uct\u011bn\u00edm mrtv\u00fdch i ochranou p\u0159ed odplatou \u0161patn\u011b zach\u00e1zen\u00fdch duch\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Konstelace supay\/Tio se ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9 literatu\u0159e dostala velk\u00e9 pozornosti, proto\u017ee p\u0159edstavuje typick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad jevu <em>n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 inverze<\/em>: postava, kter\u00e1 je vlastn\u011b d\u011bsiv\u00e1, se v hornick\u00e9 praxi st\u00e1v\u00e1 aktivn\u011b p\u011bstovan\u00fdm vztahem, proto\u017ee ekonomick\u00e1 situace p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed vynucuje instrument\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed se ke zlu.<\/p><p>Strukturn\u011b paraleln\u00ed jevy se objevuj\u00ed v mezoamerick\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span> Tlazolteotl a Mictlantecuhtli, v z\u00e1padoasijsk\u00e9 tradici Lilith (kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jednou \u0161kodliv\u00fdm duchem, jindy ochrann\u00fdm duchem) a v africk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span> Eshu. June Nash popsala bolivijsk\u00e9ho Tio v knize <em>We Eat the Mines<\/em> (1979) explicitn\u011b jako p\u0159\u00edklad <em>working-class theology<\/em>, kterou lze \u010d\u00edst z\u00e1rove\u0148 marxisticky i religionisticky.<\/p><p>Specifick\u00e9 pro andsk\u00fd prostor je propojen\u00ed komplexu supay\/Tio s komplexem <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145447\">Pachamama<\/a>. V bolivijsk\u00fdch dolech jsou Tio a Pachamama ch\u00e1p\u00e1ni jako komplement\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u00e1r: Tio uvnit\u0159 \u0161toly, Pachamama vn\u011b u vstupu do \u0161toly. Tato komplementarita odpov\u00edd\u00e1 obecn\u00e9mu andsk\u00e9mu principu p\u00e1r\u016f <em>yanantin<\/em>.<\/p><p>D\u016fle\u017eitou paralelu tvo\u0159\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e1 tradice <em>Lilith<\/em>, kter\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 dvojtv\u00e1\u0159nou postavou pohybuj\u00edc\u00ed se mezi \u0161kodliv\u00fdm duchem a za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupnou prost\u0159ednic\u00ed.<\/p><p>P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd je i japonsk\u00fd koncept <em>oni<\/em>, proto\u017ee i bytosti oni jsou zobrazov\u00e1ny nikoli jednozna\u010dn\u011b jako zl\u00e9, n\u00fdbr\u017e ambivalentn\u011b. Tyto struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed paralely by v\u0161ak nem\u011bly sv\u00e1d\u011bt k typologick\u00e9mu ztoto\u017en\u011bn\u00ed: historicko-kulturn\u00ed specifika ka\u017ed\u00e9 tradice z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 recepce a v\u00fdzkum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tio-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch uct\u00edvac\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> bolivijsk\u00fdch dol\u016f je dnes jedn\u00edm z nejl\u00e9pe zdokumentovan\u00fdch komplex\u016f n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 praxe ve sv\u011bt\u011b. Pr\u00e1ce June Nash (1979), Tristana Platta (1983), Pascale Absi (2005) a francouzsk\u00e9ho hornick\u00e9ho etnologa Tristana Platta detailn\u011b popsaly kontinuity a prom\u011bny kultu od dob \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 kolonizace.<\/p><p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 je historie identifikace Supaye s k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdm \u010f\u00e1blem: zpo\u010d\u00e1tku pon\u011bkud st\u00ednov\u00fd, mor\u00e1ln\u011b ambivalentn\u00ed komplex duch\u016f byl d\u00edky \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 misijn\u00ed strategii p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bn v prominentn\u00edho antiboha, kter\u00fd se nyn\u00ed v hornick\u00e9 praxi paradoxn\u011b stal op\u011bt p\u0159\u00edjemcem reciprok\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00edk, prosbu nebo \u00factu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011btn\u00edho<\/span> vztahu.<\/p><p>Tento ironick\u00fd obrat je klasick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem <em>religious creativity<\/em> domorod\u00fdch kultur za kolonialn\u00edch podm\u00ednek.<\/p><p>Z v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho hlediska z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 Supay\/Tio d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm varov\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159ed zjednodu\u0161en\u00fdm ztoto\u017e\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm domorod\u00fdch \u0161kodliv\u00fdch duch\u016f s k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdm \u010f\u00e1blem. Kategorie <em>diablo<\/em>, kter\u00e1 je koloni\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u016fvodu, zakr\u00fdv\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u011b andskou mor\u00e1ln\u00ed ambivalenci komplexu supay a \u010din\u00ed jej pro v\u011bdeckou anal\u00fdzu nepou\u017eiteln\u00fdm. Kontext iWell Guard popisuje tento poznatek historicky, nikoli jako p\u0159\u00edslib \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/p><p>Sou\u010dasn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum nav\u00edc spojuje komplex supay s ot\u00e1zkou domorod\u00fdch p\u0159edstav o spravedlnosti. Tam, kde tradi\u010dn\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed justi\u010dn\u00ed apar\u00e1t selh\u00e1v\u00e1, slou\u017e\u00ed ve vesnic\u00edch p\u0159edstava supay-condenado jako mechanismus mor\u00e1ln\u00edho vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed: kdo se provinil, se po smrti vr\u00e1t\u00ed jako putuj\u00edc\u00ed Supay a vykon\u00e1 na sob\u011b vlastn\u00ed trest.<\/p><p>Tento etick\u00fd rozm\u011br <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> supay byl Allenovou, Bastienem a Salomonem v jejich d\u00edlech pops\u00e1n jako <em>moral ecology<\/em> ke\u010du\u00e1nsko-ajmarsk\u00e9 religiozity.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura a prameny<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br uv\u00e1d\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 d\u00edla k tradici supay\/Tio v centr\u00e1ln\u00edch And\u00e1ch, zejm\u00e9na k bolivijsk\u00e9 hornick\u00e9 etnografii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp290cce30 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp290cce30\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp268756bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp268756bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Supay mezi p\u0159edkolonialn\u00ed p\u0159edstavou a k\u0159es\u0165anskou reinterpretac\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e5496e8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2e5496e8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2761718f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2761718f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u00fdraz <em>supay<\/em> pat\u0159\u00ed ke slov\u016fm, jejich\u017e v\u00fdznam se z\u00e1sadn\u011b prom\u011bnil d\u00edky \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 kolonizaci.<\/p><p>V ran\u00fdch quechu\u00e1nsk\u00fdch slovn\u00edc\u00edch, nap\u0159\u00edklad v <em>Lexiconu<\/em> Dominga de Santo Tom\u00e1se (1560) a ve slovn\u00edku Diega Gonz\u00e1leze Holgu\u00edna (1608), se <em>supay<\/em> objevuje jako ozna\u010den\u00ed pro <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">ducha<\/span> nebo st\u00ednovou bytost spojenou s oblast\u00ed mrtv\u00fdch a podsv\u011bt\u00edm.<\/p><p>Jednozna\u010dn\u011b negativn\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed pro p\u0159edkoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed dobu nelze s jistotou rekonstruovat.<\/p><p>K\u0159es\u0165an\u0161t\u00ed mision\u00e1\u0159i v\u0161ak <em>supay<\/em> d\u016fsledn\u011b p\u0159ekl\u00e1dali jako \u010f\u00e1bel a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1no \u0161kodliv\u00e9 nebo rozporn\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mon<\/span>. Z mnohozna\u010dn\u00e9 bytosti andsk\u00e9ho sv\u011bta se tak stala postava k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho zla. Toto ztoto\u017en\u011bn\u00ed se objevuje ji\u017e v katechismech, kter\u00e9 od roku 1583 vyd\u00e1val T\u0159et\u00ed lima koncil v quechu\u00e1n\u0161tin\u011b a aymar\u0161tin\u011b.<\/p><p>V\u00fdzkum, mimo jin\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce Sabine MacCormackov\u00e9 a Geralda Taylora, uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed texty t\u00edm vytvo\u0159ily kategorii, kter\u00e1 d\u0159\u00edve v t\u00e9to podob\u011b neexistovala.<\/p><p>Obraz se komplikuje t\u00edm, \u017ee andsk\u00e9 obyvatelstvo tuto reinterpretaci z\u010d\u00e1sti p\u0159ijalo a z\u010d\u00e1sti podkopalo. Podzemn\u00ed oblast z\u016fstala v p\u0159edstav\u00e1ch spojena s bohatstv\u00edm a s doly, a tak se <em>supay<\/em> stal z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u00e1nem dol\u016f.<\/p><p>Postava <em>t\u00eda<\/em>, p\u00e1na podzem\u00ed, jemu\u017e horn\u00edci v Potos\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch d\u016fln\u00edch centrech p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed dary a\u017e do dne\u0161n\u00edch dn\u016f, navazuje na tuto linii.<\/p><p>Nen\u00ed to prost\u00fd k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd \u010f\u00e1bel, ale bytost, s n\u00ed\u017e je t\u0159eba se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat, proto\u017ee disponuje pokladem hory. Podobnou ambivalenci ukazuje i vztah k <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145447\">Pachamam\u011b<\/a>, j\u00ed\u017e se rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed dary.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2745eaad e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2745eaad\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c1826c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2c1826c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Diablada a tanec \u010dert\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d0b1363 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2d0b1363\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2f6bbec7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2f6bbec7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u017div\u00fd kontext, v n\u011bm\u017e je p\u0159edstava supaye viditeln\u00e1 i dnes, je <em>Diablada<\/em>, tanec \u010dert\u016f, spojen\u00fd zejm\u00e9na s karnevalem v Oruru v Bol\u00edvii.<\/p><p>P\u0159i t\u00e9to slavnosti, jej\u00ed\u017e dne\u0161n\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed podoba je dolo\u017eena ji\u017e v 18. stolet\u00ed, proch\u00e1zej\u00ed m\u011bstem skupiny tane\u010dn\u00edk\u016f v honosn\u00fdch \u010dertovsk\u00fdch mask\u00e1ch. Nositel\u00e9 masek zpodob\u0148uj\u00ed vojsko bytost\u00ed <em>supay<\/em>, kter\u00e9 je na konci symbolicky pora\u017eeno postavou archand\u011bla Michaela.<\/p><p>V\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u00fdklad spat\u0159uje v <em>Diablad\u011b<\/em> propojen\u00ed dvou vrstev. Vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podoba se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdm sch\u00e9matem v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed dobra nad zlem, jak jej zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1valy \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 misijn\u00ed hry.<\/p><p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 podzemn\u00ed vztah: Oruro bylo d\u016fln\u00edm m\u011bstem a centr\u00e1ln\u00ed poutn\u00ed m\u00edsto, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mal\u00e9 svat\u00e9 m\u00edsto \u00faschovy nebo modlitby.\" tabindex=\"0\">svatyn\u011b<\/span> Panny Marie z D\u016fln\u00ed chodby (Virgen del Socav\u00f3n), se nach\u00e1z\u00ed u vstupu do d\u016fln\u00ed \u0161toly. Tanec je zasv\u011bcen Pann\u011b, ale odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 se na m\u00edst\u011b, kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed p\u00e1nu dol\u016f.<\/p><p>Badatel\u00e9 jako Thomas Abercrombie upozornili, \u017ee sami \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci tuto dvojzna\u010dnost vykl\u00e1daj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u011b. Pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 je tanec pok\u00e1n\u00edm, pro jin\u00e9 povinnost\u00ed v\u016f\u010di ho\u0159e. UNESCO za\u0159adilo Carnaval de Oruro v roce 2001 na seznam nehmotn\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed, co\u017e vedlo k siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed unifikaci a komercializaci.<\/p><p>V\u00fdzkum zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee turistick\u00e9 zhodnocen\u00ed z\u010d\u00e1sti p\u0159ekr\u00fdv\u00e1 ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdznam, ani\u017e by jej zcela vytla\u010dilo. <em>Diablada<\/em> je tak dob\u0159e dokumentovan\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem, jak koloni\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ezna\u010den\u00e1 postava p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 slavnosti a p\u0159itom p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 nov\u00e9 v\u00fdznamy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp24212341 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp24212341\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2406cb69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2406cb69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u011bdeck\u00e1 debata o dualit\u011b horn\u00edho a spodn\u00edho sv\u011bta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp20d2c88b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp20d2c88b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp20a30241 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp20a30241\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sporn\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka andsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu se t\u00fdk\u00e1 vztahu <em>supaye<\/em> k p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9mu p\u0159edkoloni\u00e1ln\u00edmu modelu sv\u011bta.<\/p><p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00fdklady \u0159ad\u00ed andskou kosmologii do t\u0159\u00ed oblast\u00ed: horn\u00ed sv\u011bt, st\u0159edn\u00ed sv\u011bt \u017eiv\u00fdch a spodn\u00ed sv\u011bt, spojen\u00fd s nitrem zem\u011b a mrtv\u00fdmi. <em>Supay<\/em> je v tomto pojet\u00ed ch\u00e1p\u00e1n jako obyvatel nebo p\u00e1n spodn\u00edho sv\u011bta.<\/p><p>V\u00fdzkum se neshoduje na tom, jak star\u00fd a jak roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd byl tento t\u0159\u00edvrstv\u00fd model ve skute\u010dnosti. Kritici jako Bruce Mannheim upozornili, \u017ee prameny, z nich\u017e je rekonstruov\u00e1n, jsou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b koloni\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u016fvodu a mohly ji\u017e obsahovat k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o nebi, zemi a pekle.<\/p><p>Existuje riziko, \u017ee se k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma zp\u011btn\u011b prom\u00edtne do p\u0159edkoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed doby a pot\u00e9 vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 za p\u016fvodn\u00ed domorod\u00fd majetek.<\/p><p>Jin\u00ed badatel\u00e9, nap\u0159\u00edklad v souvislosti s pracemi o Huarochirsk\u00fdch rukopisech, sb\u00edrce m\u00edstn\u00edch tradic zaznamenan\u00e9 kolem roku 1600 v quechu\u00e1n\u0161tin\u011b, spat\u0159uj\u00ed n\u00e1znaky p\u0159edkoloni\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdznamu podzemn\u00ed oblasti, ani\u017e by ten odpov\u00eddal k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9mu pojet\u00ed pekla. <em>Supay<\/em> by tak byl p\u016fvodn\u011b neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo mnohozna\u010dnou bytost\u00ed oblasti mrtv\u00fdch.<\/p><p>Debata nen\u00ed uzav\u0159en\u00e1, proto\u017ee naraz\u00ed na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017e rekonstrukce p\u0159edkoloni\u00e1ln\u00edho andsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed z p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch text\u016f. Pro v\u011bcn\u00fd v\u00fdklad z toho plyne opatrnost: za jist\u00e9 lze pova\u017eovat posun v\u00fdznamu v koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed dob\u011b, nikoli p\u0159esn\u00fd p\u0159edkoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed stav.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (v\u00fdb\u011br)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>June Nash: <em>We Eat the Mines and the Mines Eat Us<\/em> (1979)<\/li><li>Tristan Platt: <em>Estado boliviano y ayllu andino<\/em> (1982)<\/li><li>Pascale Absi: <em>Les ministres du diable<\/em> (2005)<\/li><li>Catherine Allen: <em>The Hold Life Has<\/em> (2002)<\/li><li>Manuel Marzal: <em>El mundo religioso de Urcos<\/em> (1971)<\/li><li>Cristobal de Albornoz: <em>Instruccion para descubrir todas las guacas<\/em> (ca. 1581)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-supay e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-supay\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-supay-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-supay-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Supay plat\u00ed v <em>andsk\u00e9m<\/em> d\u011bjin\u00e1ch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed za <em>p\u00e1na podsv\u011bt\u00ed<\/em> a z\u00e1rove\u0148 za <em>d\u016fln\u00edho d\u00e9mona<\/em>, jemu\u017e horn\u00edci v koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdch dolech v Potos\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161eli <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu na vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed d\u00edk\u016f, prosby nebo uct\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011bti<\/span>, aby zabr\u00e1nili z\u00e1val\u016fm a nemocem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Supay Saxra Tio Condenado Citua Diablada Oruro Potosi Aya Supay Tantawawa.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-supay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard a ochrann\u00e9 tradice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard navazuje na kulturn\u011b-historickou tradici p\u0159enosn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, v tradici <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145436\">Andy \/ Inkov\u00e9<\/a> a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch kultur po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. 41 vrstev, ryz\u00ed zlato, platina, st\u0159\u00edbro, vyrobeno v N\u011bmecku. 30denn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na vr\u00e1cen\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-supay-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-supay-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-supay-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-supay-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-supay-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti se mohou li\u0161it. Nejedn\u00e1 se o zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek. Nen\u00ed slibem l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nen\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek<\/strong> a nenahrazuje l\u00e9ka\u0159skou ani psychoterapeutickou l\u00e9\u010dbu. Religionistick\u00fd obsah p\u0159edstavuje kulturn\u011b-historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed, nikoli doporu\u010den\u00ed duchovn\u00ed praxe.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2675,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Supay Andy \u0161kodliv\u00fd duch","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Supay \u2013 andsk\u00fd vl\u00e1dce podsv\u011bt\u00ed a \u0161kodliv\u00fd duch","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Supay ozna\u010duje v andsk\u00e9 tradici \u0161kodliv\u00e9 duchy a vl\u00e1dce podsv\u011bt\u00ed. V hornick\u00e9 oblasti se prom\u011bnil v Tia z Potos\u00ed.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"4","wesen_kultur":"anden-inka","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145452","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Supay \u2013 andsk\u00fd vl\u00e1dce podsv\u011bt\u00ed a \u0161kodliv\u00fd duch<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Supay ozna\u010duje v andsk\u00e9 tradici \u0161kodliv\u00e9 duchy a vl\u00e1dce podsv\u011bt\u00ed. 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