{"id":145451,"date":"2026-09-03T16:30:32","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:30:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145451"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:56:22","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:56:22","slug":"illapa-buh-hromu-a-pocasi-inku","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/illapa-buh-hromu-a-pocasi-inku\/","title":{"rendered":"Illapa \u2013 b\u016fh hromu a po\u010das\u00ed Ink\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145451\" class=\"elementor elementor-145451 elementor-2579 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Illapa, b\u016fh hromu, blesku a de\u0161t\u011b andsk\u00e9 vyso\u010diny<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Illapa (ke\u010du\u00e1nsky <em>Illapa<\/em>, tak\u00e9 <em>Yllapa<\/em>) je b\u016fh hromu, blesku a de\u0161t\u011b Ink\u016f. Pro andsk\u00e9 rolnictvo vyso\u010diny byl v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm z vysok\u00fdch bo\u017estev, nebo\u0165 na jeho sr\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1ch z\u00e1visel ve\u0161ker\u00fd p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed kuku\u0159ice a brambor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh tradice Andy \/ Inkov\u00e9.\">B\u016fh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145436\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytologie tradice Andy \/ Inkov\u00e9.\">Andy \/ Inkov\u00e9<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bo\u017estvo hromu a po\u010das\u00ed.\">Bo\u017estvo hromu a po\u010das\u00ed<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-illapa-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-illapa-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-illapa-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_anden-inka_illapa-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147391\" alt=\"Illapa \u2013 b\u016fh z andsko-inckk\u00e9 tradice, historicko-ilustrativn\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_anden-inka_illapa-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_anden-inka_illapa-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_anden-inka_illapa-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_anden-inka_illapa.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-illapa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-illapa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-illapa\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-illapa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-illapa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-illapa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Illapa, <strong>insk\u00fd b\u016fh hromu<\/strong>, je centr\u00e1ln\u00ed postavou kultu po\u010das\u00ed v prekolumbovsk\u00e9 oblasti Andy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed v andsk\u00e9m panteonu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Illapa se \u0159ad\u00ed spolu s <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145446\">Inti<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145448\">Viracochou<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145449\">Mama Killou<\/a> mezi \u010dty\u0159i nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bo\u017estva inck\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed kultovn\u00ed praxe. M\u00e1 v Coricanchi v Cuscu sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed chr\u00e1mov\u00fd okrsek a jeho insignie, hromov\u00e9 kl\u00edny a \u0159emenn\u00e9 praky, byly uchov\u00e1v\u00e1ny v p\u0159edhisp\u00e1nsk\u00e9 sb\u00edrce mumi\u00ed mallqui.<\/p><p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska pat\u0159\u00ed k roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm <em>boh\u016fm hromu a bou\u0159e<\/em>, kte\u0159\u00ed stoj\u00ed na exponovan\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v ka\u017ed\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 vysp\u011bl\u00e9 kultu\u0159e.<\/p><p>Na rozd\u00edl od st\u00e1tn\u011b-imperi\u00e1ln\u00edho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo svat\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span> Intiho je uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Illapy v modern\u00edch quechu\u00e1nsky a aymarsky mluv\u00edc\u00edch vesnic\u00edch \u017eiv\u00e9 a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti. Venkovsk\u00e9 praktiky spojen\u00e9 s bleskem, hromem a de\u0161t\u011bm jsou d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed trvaj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 praxe v andsk\u00e9 vyso\u010din\u011b.<\/p><p>Catherine Allenov\u00e1, Joseph Bastien a Frank Salomon ve sv\u00fdch etnografick\u00fdch prac\u00edch opakovan\u011b upozornili, \u017ee Illapa je pro roln\u00edka \u010dasto p\u0159\u00edtomn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e vzne\u0161en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed teologie spojen\u00e1 s Intim.<\/p><p>V n\u011bkter\u00fdch pramenech je Illapa popisov\u00e1n jako triadick\u00e1 postava, trojice tvo\u0159en\u00e1 <em>Chuqui Illapou<\/em> (bratr Illapa), <em>Catu Illapou<\/em> (bratr Catu) a t\u0159et\u00edm aspektem, kter\u00fd se li\u0161\u00ed podle kronik\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p><p>Tato trojit\u00e1 podoba p\u0159ipom\u00ednala \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdm mision\u00e1\u0159\u016fm Trojici a v d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm zp\u016fsobem a bez vyznava\u010dsk\u00e9 v\u00e1zanosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistice<\/span> podpo\u0159ila tezi o p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9m tu\u0161en\u00ed troji\u010dn\u00ed struktury. Pierre Duviols tento v\u00fdklad kritizoval a upozornil na skute\u010dnou andskou v\u00edcetv\u00e1rnost kosmick\u00fdch bytost\u00ed.<\/p><p>Z archeologicko-ikonografick\u00e9ho hlediska sah\u00e1 uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed hromov\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u011bjak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estva<\/span> v And\u00e1ch daleko p\u0159ed dobu inck\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Kultura Wari zobrazovala na keramice v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edky nesouc\u00ed hromov\u00e9 kl\u00edny a kultura Chim\u00fa v severn\u00edm Peru znala srovnateln\u00e9ho boha hromu jm\u00e9nem <em>Ni<\/em>, kter\u00fd v\u0161ak byl siln\u011bji spojen s mo\u0159em.<\/p><p>Tato p\u0159edchoz\u00ed historie ukazuje, \u017ee inck\u00e1 st\u00e1tn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a o v\u00ed\u0159e n\u011bjak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> Illapy nevznikla z ni\u010deho, ale navazovala na dlouhou andskou tradici bou\u0159e a hromu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a etymologie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Jm\u00e9no <em>Illapa<\/em> je v quechu\u00e1n\u0161tin\u011b s\u00e9manticky v\u00edcezna\u010dn\u00e9. Diego Gonz\u00e1les Holgu\u00edn ve sv\u00e9m <em>Vocabulario<\/em> (1608) uv\u00e1d\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdznamy: <em>el rayo<\/em> (blesk), <em>el trueno<\/em> (hrom), <em>el rel\u00e1mpago<\/em> (bl\u00fdsk\u00e1n\u00ed). Slovo tak ozna\u010duje v\u0161echny t\u0159i pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed jevy jako projevy jedin\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u011bjak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estva<\/span>.<\/span><\/p><p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je \u00fazk\u00e9 spojen\u00ed s quechu\u00e1nsk\u00fdm v\u00fdrazem <em>illa<\/em>, kter\u00fd ozna\u010duje jakousi sv\u011btelnou numinozitu (viz tak\u00e9 <em>Illatiqsi Wiraqucha<\/em> jako p\u0159\u00edzvisko Viracochy). Ko\u0159enov\u00fd v\u00fdznam slova <em>illa<\/em> odkazuje na jasnou z\u00e1\u0159, kter\u00e1 signalizuje numin\u00f3zn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost. Illapa by tedy byl numin\u00f3zn\u00edm sv\u011bteln\u00fdm zablesknut\u00edm na nebi.<\/p><p>V aymarsk\u00e9 oblasti se odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed b\u016fh jmenuje <em>Tunupa<\/em> nebo <em>Illapa<\/em>, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e region\u00e1ln\u00ed podoby se li\u0161\u00ed. Koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed prameny n\u011bkdy rozli\u0161uj\u00ed mezi <em>Illapou<\/em> (aspekt po\u010das\u00ed) a <em>Catu Illapou<\/em> (aspekt krupobit\u00ed). Pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postaven\u00ed Illapy v inck\u00e9 hierarchii se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed i v p\u0159\u00edzvisc\u00edch inck\u00fdch panovn\u00edk\u016f: Inka Yupanqui Tupac nesl p\u0159\u00edzvisko <em>Yupanqui-Illapa<\/em>, kter\u00e9 vyjad\u0159ovalo jeho spojen\u00ed s hromov\u00fdm aspektem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u011bjak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estva<\/span>.<\/p><p>V nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch jazykov\u011bdn\u011b-historick\u00fdch prac\u00edch o quechu\u00e1nsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a o v\u00ed\u0159e n\u011bjak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span> byla d\u00e1le rozpracov\u00e1na etymologie slova <em>illa<\/em> jako <em>z\u00e1\u0159e, odlesk, sv\u011bteln\u00e1 stopa<\/em>.<\/p><p>C\u00e9sar Itier upozornil, \u017ee <em>illa<\/em> v inck\u00e9 terminologii neznamenalo pouze bl\u00fdsk\u00e1n\u00ed, ale z\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed numin\u00f3zn\u00ed kategorii: zablesknut\u00ed bo\u017esk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomnosti ve sv\u011bt\u011b. Mal\u00e9 kamenn\u00e9 amulety <em>illa<\/em> (ochrann\u00e9 figurky pastevc\u016f) nesou stejn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no, co\u017e ukazuje s\u00e9mantickou hloubku jm\u00e9na Illapy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis a ikonografie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Illapa je v koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch popisech zobrazov\u00e1n jako nebesk\u00fd v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk, kter\u00fd zlat\u00fdm kamenn\u00fdm prakem vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 blesk a kyjem tlu\u010de hrom. N\u011bkdy nos\u00ed pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bnku hv\u011bzd a n\u00e1dobu na vodu, z n\u00ed\u017e vyl\u00e9v\u00e1 d\u00e9\u0161\u0165. Tuto ikonografii zaznamenali Cristobal de Molina a Polo de Ondegardo.<\/p><p>Na zachovan\u00fdch inck\u00fdch textili\u00edch a v koloni\u00e1ln\u00edm kuzknersk\u00e9m mal\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed (cusque\u0148sk\u00e1 \u0161kola) vystupuje Illapa \u010dasto jako v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk s prakem a bleskovou kyj\u00ed, ob\u010das jedouc\u00ed na pum\u011b.<\/p><p>Spojen\u00ed s pumou m\u00e1 topografick\u00fd z\u00e1klad: v Coricanche se nach\u00e1zel kamenn\u00fd blok <em>Puma Punku<\/em> (Pum\u00ed br\u00e1na) jako m\u00edsto vzta\u017een\u00e9 k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Illapy. Histori\u010dka um\u011bn\u00ed Teresa Gisbertov\u00e1 ve sv\u00fdch prac\u00edch o koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed andsk\u00e9 ikonografii systematicky popsala zobrazen\u00ed Illapy jako v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edka.<\/p><p>P\u0159i christianizaci byl Illapa rychle ztoto\u017en\u011bn se svat\u00fdm Jakubem (<em>Santiagem<\/em>), kter\u00fd ve \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 tradici vystupuje jako jezdeck\u00fd svat\u00fd s bleskov\u00fdm me\u010dem.<\/p><p>Tato synkr\u00e9ze je dodnes patrn\u00e1 p\u0159i andsk\u00fdch svat\u00fdch slavnostech: kde se slav\u00ed ladinsk\u00fd selsk\u00fd sv\u00e1tek <em>Santiago Mataindios<\/em>, je v domorod\u00e9m substr\u00e1tov\u00e9m ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomen Illapa. Zn\u00e1m\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je tradice <em>Santiago de Murayoc<\/em> z Huarochir\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mytologick\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o Illapovi se zachovalo v Huarochirsk\u00e9m manuskriptu a popisuje jeho vztah k vodn\u00ed bohyni (aspektu <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145453\">Mama Cochy<\/a>). Illapa vrh\u00e1 blesk, aby zas\u00e1hl bohyni s n\u00e1dobou na vodu na nebi; z rozbit\u00e9 n\u00e1doby se pak vyl\u00e9v\u00e1 d\u00e9\u0161\u0165. Tato aitiologie de\u0161t\u011b je standardn\u00edm prvkem andsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch dan\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span>.<\/p><p>Druh\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed spojuje Illapu s nebeskou lamou hv\u011bzdnou (souhv\u011bzd\u00edm <em>Yacana<\/em>, kter\u00e9 bylo v inck\u00e9 astronomii \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed). Kdy\u017e souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Yacana stoj\u00ed o p\u016flnoci hluboko na ji\u017en\u00ed obloze, pije podle <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span> vodu z Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy a t\u00edm ji zmen\u0161uje.<\/p><p>Illapa pot\u00e9 rozbije bohyni s n\u00e1dobou na vodu, aby d\u00e9\u0161\u0165 znovu p\u0159ivedl na zem. Gary Urton toto astro-mytologick\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma systematicky popsal v d\u00edle <em>At the Crossroads of the Earth and the Sky<\/em> (1981).<\/p><p>T\u0159et\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed, zaznamenan\u00e9 Polem de Ondegardem, popisuje povol\u00e1n\u00ed inck\u00fdch kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed <em>altomisayoq<\/em> z\u00e1sahem blesku. Kdo byl zasa\u017een bleskem a p\u0159e\u017eil, byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za kn\u011bze povolan\u00e9ho samotn\u00fdm Illapou a z\u00edskal pr\u00e1vo pron\u00e1\u0161et <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u00edsto nebo instituce, kde se z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 bo\u017esk\u00e1 v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f.\" tabindex=\"0\">or\u00e1kulum<\/span> a prov\u00e1d\u011bt uzdravov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p><p>Tato tradice povol\u00e1n\u00ed je dodnes \u017eiv\u00e1 u modern\u00edch specialist\u016f <em>paqo<\/em> v quechuansky mluv\u00edc\u00edch vesnic\u00edch. Juan Nunez del Prado tuto z\u00e1sah-bleskem-povol\u00e1n\u00ed popsal ve sv\u00fdch etnografick\u00fdch studi\u00edch.<\/p><p>\u010ctvrt\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed spojuje Illapu s inck\u00fdm trestn\u00edm pr\u00e1vem: kdo p\u0159\u00edsahou hromu (<em>illapamanta<\/em>) sl\u00edbil \u0159\u00edkat pravdu, nesm\u011bl lh\u00e1t, proto\u017ee Illapa by s\u00e1m nepravdiv\u00e9 v\u00fdpov\u011bdi potrestal bleskem.<\/p><p>Inck\u00e1 justice vyu\u017e\u00edvala tuto bo\u017e\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsahu ve zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech jako n\u00e1stroj k odhalen\u00ed pravdy. Polo de Ondegardo a Cobo pod\u00e1vaj\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu o vysok\u00e9 d\u016fv\u011bryhodnosti, jak\u00e1 se p\u0159isuzovala v\u00fdpov\u011bdi illapamanta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult a uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Illap\u016fv <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factypln\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> byl institucionalizov\u00e1n v Coricanchsk\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mu<\/span> v Cuscu. V takzvan\u00e9 <em>Pucamarce<\/em>, samostatn\u00e9 chr\u00e1mov\u00e9 oblasti na jihov\u00fdchodn\u00edm okraji Cusca, st\u00e1la hlavn\u00ed kultovn\u00ed socha Illapy, zlat\u00e1 mu\u017esk\u00e1 postava s bleskovou kyj\u00ed a prakem. Tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Obraz nebo socha uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1.\" tabindex=\"0\">idol<\/span> zabavili \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 v roce 1572 ve Vilcabamb\u011b spole\u010dn\u011b s Punchaem a od t\u00e9 doby je nezv\u011bstn\u00fd.<\/span><\/p><p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Illapovy ob\u0159ady se konaly v obdob\u00ed de\u0161\u0165\u016f, mezi z\u00e1\u0159\u00edm a b\u0159eznem. Kdy\u017e de\u0161t\u011b nep\u0159ich\u00e1zely, organizovali kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed a obec velk\u00e9 prosebn\u00e9 pr\u016fvody po ceque-lini\u00edch, p\u0159i nich\u017e se na horsk\u00fdch h\u0159betech kolem m\u011bsta ob\u011btovaly \u010dern\u00e9 lamy.<\/p><p>\u010cern\u00e9 lamy byly specifick\u00fdm ob\u011btn\u00edm zv\u00ed\u0159etem Illapy, proto\u017ee \u010dern\u00e1 barva odpov\u00eddala de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9mu mraku. Cristobal de Molina popisuje zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd, v r\u00e1mci spole\u010denstv\u00ed pravideln\u011b opakovan\u00fd \u00fakon.\" tabindex=\"0\">oby\u010dej<\/span>: ve dnech bez de\u0161t\u011b se \u010dern\u00e1 lama t\u0159i dny nechala bez vody, aby \u017e\u00edzn\u00ed plakala a sv\u00fdm pl\u00e1\u010dem p\u0159ivolala de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 mraky.<\/p><p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm datem byl <em>Capac Raymi<\/em> v prosinci a \u010dist\u00edc\u00ed slavnost <em>Citua<\/em> v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, oba \u00fazce spojen\u00e9 s po\u010d\u00e1tkem obdob\u00ed de\u0161\u0165\u016f. Brian Bauer a Tom Zuidema systematicky zpracovali ob\u0159adn\u011b-kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00ed postaven\u00ed Illapy v inck\u00e9m \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9m roce ve sv\u00fdch d\u00edlech.<\/p><p>V inck\u00e9m \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9m roce st\u00e1ly Illapovy ob\u0159ady v komplexn\u00ed souvislosti se zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdmi cykly. P\u0159ed set\u00edm v srpnu se Illapa prosil o vyrovnan\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky, v prosinci\/lednu o m\u00edrn\u00fd d\u00e9\u0161\u0165 bez eroze, v b\u0159eznu\/dubnu o jemn\u00fd p\u0159echod k such\u00e9mu obdob\u00ed.<\/p><p>Tato kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u011b diferencovan\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed d\u016fv\u011brnou znalost zem\u011bd\u011blsko-n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 praxe a modern\u00ed andsk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm zp\u016fsobem zkoum\u00e1 kultury a spole\u010dnosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">etnologie<\/span> ji interpretuje jako <em>n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd mikromanagement<\/em> zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch rizik.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e1 praxe a apotropaick\u00e9 prvky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Praktick\u00fd vztah k ochran\u011b v uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Illapy je p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b ambivalentn\u00ed: na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b byl Illapa vz\u00fdv\u00e1n proti suchu, krupobit\u00ed a mrazu, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b se lid\u00e9 chr\u00e1nili <em>p\u0159ed<\/em> samotn\u00fdm Illapou, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159ed jeho blesky. Tento ambivalentn\u00ed vztah k ochran\u011b je typick\u00fd pro bo\u017estva hromu a projevuje se i v kultu Thora, Indry \u010di Baala.<\/p><p>Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 praktiky zahrnuj\u00ed p\u00e1len\u00ed voskov\u00fdch sv\u00ed\u010dek p\u0159i prvn\u00ed bou\u0159i sez\u00f3ny, stav\u011bn\u00ed mal\u00fdch kamenn\u00fdch hrom\u00e1dek (<em>apacheta<\/em>) na horsk\u00fdch h\u0159ebenech a vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se ur\u010dit\u00fdm m\u00edst\u016fm (osam\u011ble stoj\u00edc\u00edm strom\u016fm, vysok\u00fdm skal\u00e1m) b\u011bhem bou\u0159e.<\/p><p>Velmi specifickou prax\u00ed je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span> <em>Toldo<\/em>: Pokud do domu ude\u0159\u00ed blesk, je cel\u00fd d\u016fm na t\u0159i roky prohl\u00e1\u0161en za neobyvateln\u00fd, nebo\u0165 se pova\u017euje za dot\u010den\u00fd samotn\u00fdm Illapou a t\u00edm i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ozna\u010duje b\u00e1ze\u0148 vzbuzuj\u00edc\u00ed a vzne\u0161enou povahu svat\u00e9ho; pojem religionistiky.\" tabindex=\"0\">numin\u00f3zn\u011b<\/span> nabit\u00fd.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Odvracej\u00edc\u00ed ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed: o znamen\u00edch a p\u0159edm\u011btech, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed odvracet \u0161kodliv\u00e9 vlivy.\" tabindex=\"0\">Apotropaicky<\/span> proti krupobit\u00ed se v n\u011bkter\u00fdch vesnic\u00edch a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti stav\u011bj\u00ed posv\u011bcen\u00e9 sv\u00edce u vchodu do domu a do pol\u00ed se zasazuj\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, kter\u00e9 jsou nyn\u00ed synkreticky propojeny s obr\u00e1zky Panny Marie nebo se svat\u00fdm Jakubem.<\/p><p>Z hlediska religionistick\u00e9 etnologie se jedn\u00e1 o p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edhisp\u00e1nsk\u00e9 praxe uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Illapy v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9m p\u0159estrojen\u00ed. Olivia Harrisov\u00e1 popsala tuto trvaj\u00edc\u00ed praxi ochrany p\u0159ed krupobit\u00edm v aymarsk\u00e9 vyso\u010din\u011b ve sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci <em>Of Bread and Blood<\/em> (2000).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Illapa zapad\u00e1 do celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho vzorce hromov\u00fdch bo\u017estev.<\/p><p>Strukturn\u011b srovnateln\u00ed jsou germ\u00e1nsk\u00fd <em>Thor<\/em>, \u0159eck\u00fd <em>Zeus<\/em>, v\u00e9dsk\u00fd <em>Indra<\/em>, baltsk\u00fd <em>Perk\u016bnas<\/em>, z\u00e1padoasijsk\u00fd <em>Baal Hadad<\/em>, japonsk\u00fd <em>Raid\u017ein<\/em> a mezopot\u00e1msk\u00fd <em>Adad<\/em>.<\/p><p>Ve v\u0161ech t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech je hromov\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span> mu\u017eskou bojovnickou postavou s vrhac\u00ed zbran\u00ed (kladivo, blesk, prak), kter\u00e1 odpov\u00edd\u00e1 za d\u00e9\u0161\u0165 a probouz\u00ed u vyvolen\u00fdch schopnost vn\u00edmat \u00fader blesku jako povol\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p><p>V r\u00e1mci Ameriky vykazuje Illapa obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b bl\u00edzkou podobnost s azt\u00e9ck\u00fdm <em>Tlalokem<\/em>, maysk\u00fdm bohem <em>Chaakem<\/em> a severoamerickou postavou <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145465\">Hromov\u00e9ho pt\u00e1ka (Thunderbird)<\/a>. P\u0159edstava Hromov\u00e9ho pt\u00e1ka je p\u0159itom obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 t\u00edm, \u017ee rovn\u011b\u017e spojuje hrom s bytost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 um\u00ed l\u00e9tat a sv\u00fdmi k\u0159\u00eddly vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 bou\u0159i, co\u017e je strukturn\u011b srovnateln\u00e9 s Illapovou bohyn\u00ed s vodn\u00edm d\u017eb\u00e1nem.<\/p><p>Koloni\u00e1ln\u011b-synkretick\u00e9 spojen\u00ed Illapy se svat\u00fdm Jakubem (<em>Santiago<\/em>) se v religionistick\u00e9 literatu\u0159e t\u011b\u0161\u00ed velk\u00e9 pozornosti.<\/p><p>\u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e1 tradice Santiaga zn\u00e1 zase postavu <em>Santiaga Matamorose<\/em>, kter\u00fd jede na koni s me\u010dem proti Maur\u016fm; v And\u00e1ch se z n\u011bj stal <em>Santiago Mataindios<\/em> (Vrah Indi\u00e1n\u016f), kter\u00fd mohl z\u00e1rove\u0148 fungovat jako k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd jezdeck\u00fd sv\u011btec i jako andsk\u00fd b\u016fh hromu, tedy postava se dv\u011bma tv\u00e1\u0159emi.<\/p><p>V\u011bdecky obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee Illapa nebyl prim\u00e1rn\u011b bohem v\u00e1lky jako Thor nebo Indra. Jeho hlavn\u00ed dimenz\u00ed bylo d\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed. Bojovn\u00e1 ikonografie je druhotn\u00e1 a v podstat\u011b teologick\u00fdm d\u016fsledkem jeho spojen\u00ed s bleskem.<\/p><p>Toto rozli\u0161en\u00ed, d\u00e1rce po\u010das\u00ed m\u00edsto v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edka, je typicky andskou teologickou zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 odli\u0161uje inck\u00e9ho Illapu od srovnateln\u00fdch hromov\u00fdch bo\u017estev a odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed andsk\u00e9 vysp\u011bl\u00e9 kultury.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 recepce a v\u00fdzkum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>V modern\u00ed ke\u010du\u00e1nsky a aymarsky mluv\u00edc\u00ed vyso\u010din\u011b \u017eij\u00ed praktiky spojen\u00e9 s Illapou nad\u00e1le, i kdy\u017e v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 form\u011b. Specialist\u00e9 <em>paqo<\/em> a <em>yatiri<\/em> modern\u00edch andsk\u00fdch vesnic dodnes \u010dasto odvozuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 povol\u00e1n\u00ed od pro\u017eit\u00e9ho \u00faderu blesku; v archeoetnologick\u00e9 literatu\u0159e (nap\u0159. Inge Bolin: <em>Rituals of Respect<\/em>, 1998) jsou takov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady opakovan\u011b dolo\u017eeny.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Ve v\u00fdzkumu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradi\u010dn\u00ed lidov\u00e1 kultura se zvyky, vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edmi a p\u00edsn\u011bmi.\" tabindex=\"0\">folkloru<\/span> je synkreze Santiago-Illapa klasick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem <em>doble nivel de discurso<\/em> (dvoj\u00ed roviny v\u00fdpov\u011bdi) andsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed: naho\u0159e k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1 tradice svat\u00e9ho, dole domorod\u00e9 hromov\u00e9 bo\u017estvo, v praktick\u00e9m ritu\u00e1ln\u00edm veden\u00ed neodd\u011bliteln\u011b srostl\u00e9. Sabine MacCormackov\u00e1 tuto dvoj\u00ed rovinu systematicky popsala v d\u00edle <em>Religion in the Andes<\/em> (1991).<\/span><\/p><p>V akademick\u00e9m astronomick\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu se d\u00e1le zkoum\u00e1 Illapovo spojen\u00ed se souhv\u011bzd\u00edm lamy Yacana jako d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd prvek inck\u00e9 nebesk\u00e9 klenby. Gary Urton, Tom Zuidema a nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce \u017e\u00e1k\u016f R. Toma Zuidemy uk\u00e1zaly, jak centr\u00e1ln\u011b andsk\u00e1 astronomie strukturovala teologii po\u010das\u00ed. V\u011bdecky z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 Illapa kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edpadem pro pochopen\u00ed propojen\u00ed vysok\u00e9 kultury a rolnick\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed v inck\u00e9m obdob\u00ed.<\/p><p>V posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch zapojilo <em>movimiento andino<\/em> Bol\u00edvie a Peru Illapu do diskurzu o domorod\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 odolnosti. Kdy\u017e se sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00e9 vzorce Andy v d\u016fsledku klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny posouvaj\u00ed, je teologie Illapy ve vesnic\u00edch kulturn\u00ed rezonan\u010dn\u00ed komorou, v n\u00ed\u017e se tyto posuny n\u00e1bo\u017eensky vyjedn\u00e1vaj\u00ed.<\/p><p>Antropolo\u017eka Karsten Paerregaardov\u00e1 popsala v d\u00edle <em>Pilgrims of the Andes<\/em> (2017) ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed horsk\u00fdch roln\u00edk\u016f klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b a uk\u00e1zala, jakou roli p\u0159itom hraje vztah k Illapovi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura a prameny<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br uv\u00e1d\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 d\u00edla andsk\u00e9 etnologie a archeoastronomick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu, kter\u00e1 jsou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro pochopen\u00ed Illapy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2827b8ba e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2827b8ba\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp276778f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp276778f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Illapa ve st\u00e1tn\u00edm kultu Ink\u016f a jeho svatyn\u011b v Cuscu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2fb4d10f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2fb4d10f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp27cc43ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp27cc43ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Illapa, b\u016fh hromu, blesku a de\u0161t\u011b, pat\u0159il ve st\u00e1tn\u00edm kultu Inck\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e k nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm bo\u017estv\u016fm a v n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 hierarchii st\u00e1l bl\u00edzko slune\u010dn\u00edmu bo\u017estvu <em>Inti<\/em> a stvo\u0159itelsk\u00e9mu bohu <em>Viracochovi<\/em>.<\/p><p>\u0160pan\u011bl\u0161t\u00ed kronik\u00e1\u0159i 16. a po\u010d\u00e1tku 17. stolet\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee Illapa m\u011bl v Cuscu vlastn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 m\u00edsto v\u011bnovan\u00e9 uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva.\" tabindex=\"0\">svatyni<\/span> a \u017ee mu ve velk\u00e9m Slune\u010dn\u00edm chr\u00e1mu, <em>Coricanche<\/em>, byl vyhrazen vlastn\u00ed prostor.<\/p><p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed v\u00fdznam Illapy se vysv\u011btluje z\u00e1vislost\u00ed andsk\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed na de\u0161ti. Jako p\u00e1n po\u010das\u00ed rozhodoval o suchu a \u00farodnosti a v obdob\u00edch sucha se k n\u011bmu obracely prosebn\u00e9 proces\u00ed a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00edky, prosbu nebo \u00factu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011bti<\/span>.<\/p><p>Kronik\u00e1\u0159 Bernab\u00e9 Cobo popisuje ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle <em>Historia del Nuevo Mundo<\/em> (dokon\u010deno 1653) toto pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed bo\u017estvo podrobn\u011b a uv\u00e1d\u00ed s n\u00edm spojen\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o blesku jako st\u0159ele a o hromu jako zvuku nebesk\u00e9ho praku.<\/p><p>Ve st\u00e1tn\u00edm kultu byl Illapa tak\u00e9 bohem, jemu\u017e se v dob\u00e1ch krize p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ely obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00edky, prosbu nebo \u00factu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011bti<\/span>, mimo jin\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci <em>capacochy<\/em>, nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho ob\u011btn\u00edho ob\u0159adu Ink\u016f. Z v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho hlediska tedy Illapa nen\u00ed pouh\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm d\u00e9monem, n\u00fdbr\u017e vysok\u00fdm bo\u017estvem zapojen\u00fdm do politick\u00e9ho a ritu\u00e1ln\u00edho centra \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Jeho uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed spojovalo starost o d\u00e9\u0161\u0165 s legitimizac\u00ed inck\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy, nebo\u0165 vl\u00e1dce vystupoval jako prost\u0159edn\u00edk mezi lidmi a velk\u00fdmi nebesk\u00fdmi mocnostmi. \u00dazk\u00fd vztah k Intimu a Viracochovi ukazuje, \u017ee Inkov\u00e9 ch\u00e1pali sv\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bo\u017estva jako vz\u00e1jemn\u011b propojen\u00fd celek.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp23b404c1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp23b404c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2418c76c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2418c76c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kronik\u00e1\u0159i jako pramen a probl\u00e9m k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho pohledu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ccce282 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2ccce282\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ac73122 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2ac73122\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u0161e, co je o Illapovi zn\u00e1mo, poch\u00e1z\u00ed z pramen\u016f vznikl\u00fdch a\u017e po \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9m dobyt\u00ed, a tuto situaci p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed je t\u0159eba m\u00edt na pam\u011bti u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho tvrzen\u00ed.<\/p><p>Inkov\u00e9 neznali p\u00edsmo v evropsk\u00e9m smyslu; jejich spr\u00e1va a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b i jejich v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed byly uchov\u00e1v\u00e1ny v <em>quipu<\/em>, uzlov\u00fdch \u0161\u0148\u016fr\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak pro n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd obsah maj\u00ed jen omezenou vypov\u00eddac\u00ed hodnotu. P\u00edsemn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy sepisovali \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161t\u00ed duchovn\u00ed, \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci a n\u011bkolik autor\u016f domorod\u00e9ho \u010di sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>K nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm kronik\u00e1\u0159\u016fm pat\u0159\u00ed Pedro de Cieza de Le\u00f3n, Juan de Betanzos, kter\u00fd si vzal za \u017eenu Inku a m\u011bl tak zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k informac\u00edm, jezuita Bernab\u00e9 Cobo a mestic Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, jeho\u017e <em>Comentarios Reales<\/em> (1609) l\u00ed\u010d\u00ed sv\u011bt Ink\u016f z vnit\u0159n\u00edho pohledu, av\u0161ak s \u010dasov\u00fdm odstupem a apologetickou tendenc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p>Samostatnou skupinu pramen\u016f tvo\u0159\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy o <em>extirpaci\u00f3n de idolatr\u00edas<\/em>, c\u00edrkevn\u00edm pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad od Francisca de \u00c1vily a Pabla Jos\u00e9 de Arriagy.<\/p><p>Tyto prameny jsou nepostradateln\u00e9, ale nahl\u00ed\u017eej\u00ed na Illapu skrze k\u0159es\u0165anskou optiku. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed kronik\u00e1\u0159i jej ztoto\u017e\u0148ovali s apo\u0161tolem Jakubem, nebo\u0165 ten byl ve \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 tradici spojov\u00e1n s hromem a v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdm rachotem, co\u017e vedlo k prol\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed, je\u017e p\u0159etrv\u00e1valo a\u017e do koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed doby. Jin\u00ed za\u0159azovali andsk\u00fd sv\u011bt boh\u016f do evropsk\u00fdch sch\u00e9mat nebo zaml\u010dovali, co jim p\u0159ipadalo pohor\u0161liv\u00e9. Z v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho hlediska proto plat\u00ed, \u017ee dochovan\u00fd obraz Illapy je v\u017edy obrazem filtrovan\u00fdm. Modern\u00ed b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad u Pierra Duviolse a v prac\u00edch o koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Andsk\u00e9ho poho\u0159\u00ed, se sna\u017e\u00ed za tento filtr proniknout, p\u016fvodn\u00ed p\u0159edstavu v\u0161ak dok\u00e1\u017ee rekonstruovat jen \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (v\u00fdb\u011br)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Gary Urton: <em>At the Crossroads of the Earth and the Sky<\/em> (1981)<\/li><li>Sabine MacCormack: <em>Religion in the Andes<\/em> (1991)<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Frank Salomon, George Urioste: <em>The Huarochiri Manuscript<\/em> (1991)<\/span><\/li><li>Inge Bolin: <em>Rituals of Respect<\/em> (1998)<\/li><li>Cristobal de Molina: <em>Relacion de las fabulas y ritos de los Incas<\/em> (1575)<\/li><li>Pierre Duviols: <em>Cultura andina y represion<\/em> (1986)<\/li><li>Brian Bauer: <em>The Sacred Landscape of the Inca<\/em> (1998)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-illapa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-illapa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-illapa-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-illapa-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9m \u0159\u00e1du Inck\u00e9ho imp\u00e9ria byl Illapa uct\u00edv\u00e1n jako nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed <strong>p\u00e1n po\u010das\u00ed<\/strong>, k n\u011bmu\u017e se zem\u011bd\u011blci i pastevci obraceli s prosbami o v\u010dasn\u00fd d\u00e9\u0161\u0165 a ochranu p\u0159ed ni\u010div\u00fdm krupobit\u00edm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Illapa Yllapa b\u016fh hromu blesk Yacana Santiago Pucamarca Capac Raymi paqo.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-illapa\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard a ochrann\u00e9 tradice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard navazuje na kulturn\u011b-historickou tradici p\u0159enosn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, v tradici <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145436\">Andy \/ Inkov\u00e9<\/a> a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch kultur po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. 41 vrstev, ryz\u00ed zlato, platina, st\u0159\u00edbro, vyrobeno v N\u011bmecku. 30denn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na vr\u00e1cen\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti se mohou li\u0161it. Nejedn\u00e1 se o zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek. Nen\u00ed slibem l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-illapa-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-illapa-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nen\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek<\/strong> a nenahrazuje l\u00e9ka\u0159skou ani psychoterapeutickou l\u00e9\u010dbu. Religionistick\u00fd obsah p\u0159edstavuje kulturn\u011b-historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed, nikoli doporu\u010den\u00ed duchovn\u00ed praxe.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2677,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Illapa b\u016fh hromu Inkov\u00e9","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Illapa \u2013 insk\u00fd b\u016fh hromu a vl\u00e1dce po\u010das\u00ed","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Illapa, b\u016fh hromu a de\u0161t\u011b Ink\u016f, byl pro andsk\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd jako Inti pro st\u00e1t. 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