{"id":145447,"date":"2026-09-03T16:30:29","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:30:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145447"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:56:15","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:56:15","slug":"pachamama-matka-zeme-and","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/pachamama-matka-zeme-and\/","title":{"rendered":"Pachamama \u2013 matka Zem\u011b And"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145447\" class=\"elementor elementor-145447 elementor-2575 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pachamama, matka Zem\u011b a bohyn\u011b plodnosti andsk\u00e9ho sv\u011bta<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pachamama, matka Zem\u011b And, je dodnes nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou postavou ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota obyvatel vyso\u010diny hovo\u0159\u00edc\u00edch ke\u010du\u00e1nsky a aymarsky. Na rozd\u00edl od st\u00e1tn\u00edho, imperi\u00e1ln\u00edho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factypln\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span> boha <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145446\">Inti<\/a> je uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Pachamamy hluboce zakotveno v zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u00edch a \u017eivotn\u00edch rytmech a p\u0159e\u017eilo kolonizaci v synkretick\u00e9 podob\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bohyn\u011b tradice Andy \/ Inkov\u00e9.\">Bohyn\u011b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145436\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytologie tradice Andy \/ Inkov\u00e9.\">Andy \/ Inkov\u00e9<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Matka Zem\u011b.\">Matka Zem\u011b<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-pachamama-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-pachamama-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-pachamama-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_anden-inka_pachamama-1-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2683\" alt=\"Pachamama \u2013 matka Zem\u011b And\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_anden-inka_pachamama-1-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_anden-inka_pachamama-1-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_anden-inka_pachamama-1-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_anden-inka_pachamama-1.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed v andsk\u00e9m panteonu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pachamama (ke\u010du\u00e1nsky: <em>pacha<\/em>, sv\u011bt, \u010das, prostor; <em>mama<\/em>, matka) ozna\u010duje v tradi\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch andsk\u00e9 vyso\u010diny \u017eenskou numinozitu, kter\u00e1 se projevuje v \u00farodn\u00e9 zemi, v obd\u011bl\u00e1van\u00fdch pol\u00edch a v rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eiv\u00fdch bytost\u00ed.<\/p><p>Od dob inksk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> pat\u0159\u00ed mezi \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed vysok\u00e9 bytosti vedle Intiho, boha hromu <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145451\">Illapy<\/a>, bohyn\u011b m\u011bs\u00edce <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145449\">Mamy Killy<\/a> a stvo\u0159itele <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145448\">Viracochy<\/a>.<\/p><p>N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd etnolog Joseph Bastien (<em>Mountain of the Condor<\/em>, 1978) na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fdzkumu aymarsk\u00e9 vyso\u010diny v Bol\u00edvii uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee Pachamama je v m\u00edstn\u00edm pojet\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1na m\u00e9n\u011b jako personifikovan\u00e1 bohyn\u011b a v\u00edce jako o\u017eiven\u00e1 podstata samotn\u00e9 zem\u011b.<\/p><p>Tato substanci\u00e1ln\u00ed povaha ji strukturn\u011b odli\u0161uje od mnoha klasick\u00fdch postav matky Zem\u011b ze St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed (D\u00e9m\u00e9t\u00e9r, Gaia), kter\u00e9 jsou mytologicky v\u00fdrazn\u011bji personifikovan\u00e9.<\/p><p>Ve vztahu ke st\u00e1tn\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145436\">inksk\u00e9<\/a> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span> zauj\u00edmala Pachamama zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 postaven\u00ed: ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed kult zd\u016fraz\u0148oval mu\u017esk\u00e9ho Intiho, zat\u00edmco venkovsk\u00e9 obyvatelstvo ve sv\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b ob\u011btovalo Pachamam\u011b.<\/p><p>Catherine Allen (<em>The Hold Life Has<\/em>, 2002) ozna\u010duje tento vztah za genderov\u00e9 rozvrstven\u00ed andsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, v n\u011bm\u017e mu\u017esk\u00e1 sol\u00e1rn\u00ed teologie stoj\u00ed nad star\u0161\u00ed, \u017eenskou teologi\u00ed Zem\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a etymologie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ke\u010du\u00e1nsk\u00fd v\u00fdraz <em>pacha<\/em> je s\u00e9manticky nesm\u00edrn\u011b bohat\u00fd. Ozna\u010duje sou\u010dasn\u011b \u010das (konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed epochu), prostor (sv\u011bt jako celek) i stav sv\u011bta.<\/p><p>Diego Gonzalez Holguin jej ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle <em>Vocabulario de la lengua general<\/em> (1608) p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1 podle kontextu jako <em>mundo<\/em>, <em>tiempo<\/em> nebo <em>suelo<\/em>. Pachamama je tedy <em>matka cel\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti<\/em>, nikoli pouze p\u016fdy.<\/p><p>V aymar\u0161tin\u011b bolivijsk\u00fdch And se rovn\u011b\u017e vyskytuje ekvivalent <em>Pachamama<\/em>, n\u011bkdy obm\u011bn\u011bn\u00fd na <em>Pachatata<\/em> (otec-Zem\u011b) jako mu\u017esk\u00fd protip\u00f3l. V ke\u010du\u00e1n\u0161tin\u011b regionu Cajamarca a Ayacucho se m\u00edstn\u011b objevuje forma <em>Mama Pacha<\/em> s obr\u00e1cen\u00fdm po\u0159ad\u00edm slo\u017eek, kter\u00e1 v\u0161ak ozna\u010duje stejn\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed jako bo\u017esk\u00e1.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>.<\/p><p>Alternativn\u00ed etymologie spojuje <em>pacha<\/em> s pojmem kosmologick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du.<\/p><p>Religionista Frank Salomon v d\u00edle <em>Native Lords of Quito<\/em> (1986) upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee <em>pacha<\/em> v inksk\u00e9m jazyce znamenalo tak\u00e9 d\u011bjinnou \u00e9ru sv\u011bta (p\u0159edinksk\u00e1 doba, inksk\u00e1 doba, doba po dobyt\u00ed), d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e lze Pachamamu ch\u00e1pat jako <em>matku v\u0161ech sv\u011btov\u00fdch \u00e9r<\/em>, co\u017e hraje zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed roli v m\u00fdtech o pachakuti (p\u0159evratech sv\u011bta).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis a ikonografie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Na rozd\u00edl od Intiho, jemu\u017e bylo p\u0159i\u0159azeno konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed kultovn\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed (Punchao), byla Pachamama v inksk\u00e9 ikonografii jen z\u0159\u00eddka zobrazov\u00e1na antropomorfn\u011b. Projevuje se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v podob\u011b ritu\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00edst a p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f: v obd\u011bl\u00e1van\u00e9 zemi, v kamenn\u00fdch hromad\u00e1ch <em>apacheta<\/em> na horsk\u00fdch pr\u016fsmyc\u00edch, na ob\u011btn\u00edch m\u00edstech <em>mesa<\/em> a v zahlouben\u00fdch ob\u011btn\u00edch j\u00e1m\u00e1ch.<\/p><p>V kolonialn\u00edm a modern\u00edm lidov\u00e9m um\u011bn\u00ed je st\u00e1le v\u00edce zobrazov\u00e1na antropomorfn\u011b jako domorod\u00e1 \u017eena v tradi\u010dn\u00edm kroji, s \u0161irokou sukn\u00ed polleras, pla\u0161t\u011bm a klobouk typu bowler (v bolivijsk\u00e9m aymarsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed). N\u011bkdy nese d\u00edt\u011b nebo tkaninu <em>aguayo<\/em> plnou andsk\u00fdch obilnin.<\/p><p>Tato zobrazen\u00ed jsou p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b ovlivn\u011bna k\u0159es\u0165ansko-synkretickou marianskou ikonografi\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na Madonou z Copacabany a Madonou del Cerro (Potos\u00ed), v nich\u017e se matka Zem\u011b a uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Panny Marie prol\u00ednaj\u00ed.<\/p><p>Na zachovan\u00fdch prehisp\u00e1nsk\u00fdch keramik\u00e1ch kultury Moche a Wari se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u017eensk\u00e9 postavy s v\u00fdrazn\u00fdmi prim\u00e1rn\u00edmi a sekund\u00e1rn\u00edmi pohlavn\u00edmi znaky, kter\u00e9 jsou archeology \u010dasto interpretov\u00e1ny jako <em>p\u0159edch\u016fdkyn\u011b Pachamamy<\/em>. Toto p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed je v\u0161ak spekulativn\u00ed, nebo\u0165 n\u00e1m chyb\u00ed emick\u00fd n\u00e1zev. Christopher Donnan v d\u00edle <em>Moche Art<\/em> (1978) vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 k obez\u0159etnosti p\u0159i takov\u00fdch identifikac\u00edch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mytologick\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mytologick\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed mezi generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span> o Pachamam\u011b je v ran\u00fdch kronik\u00e1ch p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b chud\u00e1, co\u017e Pierre Duviols vysv\u011btlil jako d\u016fsledek p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b mu\u017esk\u00e9 a imperi\u00e1ln\u00ed perspektivy \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdch kronik\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Co je dochov\u00e1no, jsou sp\u00ed\u0161e fragmenty kosmogonick\u00fdch konstelac\u00ed: Pachamama jako man\u017eelka nebo sestra Pachakamaka v pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed oblasti, jako dcera Viracochy ve vysokohorsk\u00e9 oblasti, jako man\u017eelka Pachat\u00e1ty v ajmarsk\u00e9 oblasti.<\/p><p>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> spojuje Pachamamu s cyklem sucha a de\u0161t\u011b. V b\u0159eznu a dubnu, po sklizni, je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za tu\u010dnou a sytou, zat\u00edmco v such\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch od kv\u011btna do z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed je vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako hladov\u00e1 a \u017e\u00edzniv\u00e1, a proto se v tomto obdob\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 mnoho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed vd\u011b\u010dnost, prosbu nebo \u00factu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011bt\u00ed<\/span>.<\/p><p>V hornat\u00fdch oblastech argentinsk\u00e9 Pampy (Salta, Jujuy) se nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sv\u00e1tek Pachamamy slav\u00ed v srpnu; 1. srpna farm\u00e1\u0159i symbolicky otev\u00edraj\u00ed zemi t\u00edm, \u017ee vyhrabou mal\u00fd otvor a vlo\u017e\u00ed do n\u011bj prvn\u00ed dar (chicha, koka listy, chl\u00e9b, tuk).<\/p><p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed spojuje Pachamamu s v\u00fdchodem Plej\u00e1d v \u010dervnu. Sedmit\u00fddenn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost Plej\u00e1d na rann\u00ed obloze je ch\u00e1p\u00e1na jako projev jej\u00ed pozornosti v\u016f\u010di lidsk\u00fdm osev\u016fm; pokud Plej\u00e1dy vych\u00e1zej\u00ed jasn\u011b, o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se bohat\u00fd \u00farodn\u00fd rok.<\/p><p>Tom Zuidema a Gary Urton systematicky popsali tuto andskou archeoastronomickou korelaci v d\u00edle <em>At the Crossroads of the Earth and the Sky<\/em> (1981).<\/p><p>V ji\u017en\u00edm Peru je Pachamama nav\u00edc spojov\u00e1na s mytologickou postavou <em>Mama Pacha<\/em>, kter\u00e1 podle <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed mezi generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span> v Pakaqtanpu zp\u016fsobuje sesuvy p\u016fdy a zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed, pokud je nedostate\u010dn\u011b uct\u00edv\u00e1na ob\u011b\u0165mi.<\/p><p>Tento trestaj\u00edc\u00ed rozm\u011br matky Zem\u011b se objevuje tak\u00e9 v argentinsk\u00fdch And\u00e1ch, kde je srpen pova\u017eov\u00e1n za <em>mes peligroso<\/em> (nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc), proto\u017ee hladov\u00e1 matka Zem\u011b vy\u017eaduje zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost a neobez\u0159etn\u00ed poutn\u00edci mohou \u00fadajn\u011b onemocn\u011bt. Z religionisticko-etnologick\u00e9ho hlediska je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee tento trestaj\u00edc\u00ed rozm\u011br b\u00fdv\u00e1 v z\u00e1padn\u00ed new-age recepci Pachamamy pravideln\u011b opom\u00edjen.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult a ob\u011btn\u00ed praxe<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kult Pachamamy je a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti nej\u017eiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factypln\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">prax\u00ed<\/span> ve vesnic\u00edch vysokohorsk\u00e9 oblasti.<\/p><p>Jeho j\u00e1drem je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ust\u00e1len\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span> <em>despacho<\/em> neboli <em>pago a la tierra<\/em> (placen\u00ed zemi), p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e jsou koka listy, bonb\u00f3ny, lam\u00ed tuk, embrya lam (<em>sullu<\/em>), mal\u00e9 hlin\u011bn\u00e9 figurky a dary v\u00edna nebo chichy pe\u010dliv\u011b uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny do ob\u011btn\u00edho bal\u00ed\u010dku a zahrab\u00e1ny do zem\u011b nebo sp\u00e1leny.<\/p><p>Catherine Allen popisuje pro vesnici Sonqo (provincie Paucartambo) opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se prvek <em>kintu<\/em>, t\u0159\u00ed na sebe polo\u017een\u00fdch bezvadn\u00fdch koka list\u016f, kter\u00e9 se ofouk\u00e1vaj\u00ed do v\u0161ech sv\u011btov\u00fdch stran a pot\u00e9 nab\u00edzej\u00ed zemi, hor\u00e1m a uct\u00edvan\u00fdm p\u0159edk\u016fm. Joseph Bastien popsal paraleln\u00ed ajmarskou praxi ve vysokohorsk\u00e9 oblasti La Paz.<\/p><p>Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed specialist\u00e9 se podle oblasti naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed <em>yatiri<\/em> (ajmarsky), <em>paqo<\/em> (ke\u010du\u00e1nsky) nebo <em>altomisayoq<\/em>. Nejsou institucionalizovan\u00fdmi kn\u011b\u017e\u00edmi jako inck\u00ed funkcion\u00e1\u0159i chr\u00e1mu Coricancha, ale vesnick\u00fdmi v\u011b\u0161tci a l\u00e9\u010diteli, kte\u0159\u00ed sv\u00e9 povol\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasto z\u00edskali prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm z\u00e1\u017eitku z\u00e1sahu bleskem (povol\u00e1n\u00ed Illapy).<\/p><p>Peru\u00e1nsk\u00fd antropolog Juan Nunez del Prado ve sv\u00fdch prac\u00edch ze 70. let 20. stolet\u00ed systematizoval inicia\u010dn\u00ed stupn\u011b t\u011bchto specialist\u016f paqo.<\/p><p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00edm datem je 1. srpen, kter\u00fd je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za den Pachamamy; krom\u011b toho je j\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ena ob\u011b\u0165 ve v\u0161ech d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch okam\u017eic\u00edch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho roku: p\u0159i setb\u011b, p\u0159i prvn\u00ed orb\u011b, p\u0159i prvn\u00ed sklizni. Tak\u00e9 p\u0159i stavb\u011b domu, svatb\u011b a narozen\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed je povinn\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed vd\u011b\u010dnost, prosbu nebo \u00factu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011b\u0165<\/span> Pachamam\u011b.<\/p><p>V hornick\u00fdch oblastech And (Potos\u00ed, Oruro, Cerro de Pasco) se nav\u00edc vyvinul samostatn\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factypln\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> Pachamamy mezi podzemn\u00edmi horn\u00edky, v n\u011bm\u017e je Pachamama uct\u00edv\u00e1na ve spojen\u00ed s duchem \u0161tol <em>Tio<\/em>.<\/p><p>June Nash ve sv\u00e9 knize <em>We Eat the Mines and the Mines Eat Us<\/em> (1979) etnograficky zdokumentovala dvojkult Pachamamy a Tia v bolivijsk\u00fdch st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdch dolech a uk\u00e1zala, jak se v tomto dvoj\u00edm bo\u017estvu vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1 vztah mezi kapitalistick\u00fdm vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00edm a ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed reciprocitou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e1 praxe a apotropaick\u00e9 prvky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kult Pachamamy nen\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m j\u00e1dru ochrannou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factypln\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">prax\u00ed<\/span> v \u00fazk\u00e9m smyslu, ale recipro\u010dn\u00ed p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00edm vztahu (<em>ayni<\/em>). Pokud jsou j\u00ed p\u0159isuzov\u00e1ny apotropaick\u00e9 funkce, d\u011bje se to v\u011bt\u0161inou ve spojen\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi bytostmi: proti \u0161kodliv\u00fdm duch\u016fm, jako je <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145452\">Supay<\/a>, nebo proti <em>condenados<\/em> (zatracen\u00fdm du\u0161\u00edm) p\u016fsob\u00ed Pachamama pouze tehdy, pokud byla dodr\u017eena ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed reciprocita.<\/p><p>Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 praktiky v kontextu Pachamamy zahrnuj\u00ed vkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed koka list\u016f pod prahovou desku p\u0159i novostavb\u011b, zakop\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e1hve napln\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00ednem a chichou pod vchodem do domu nebo z\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed apacheta (hromady kamen\u016f) na horsk\u00e9m pr\u016fsmyku, kam ka\u017ed\u00fd proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed poutn\u00edk p\u0159id\u00e1 k\u00e1men a p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 tak sv\u00fdm d\u00edlem ke spole\u010dn\u00e9mu zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed cesty.<\/p><p>Religionistka a etnolo\u017eka Olivia Harris ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle <em>Of Bread and Blood<\/em> (2000) uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee tato praxe hromad\u011bn\u00ed kamen\u016f je \u017eiv\u00e1 i dnes na bolivijsk\u00fdch vysokohorsk\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch.<\/p><p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee tyto praktiky nejsou ch\u00e1p\u00e1ny jako magie p\u016fsoben\u00ed, ale jako ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed potvrzen\u00ed kosmick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du, v n\u011bm\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd dar o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 protihodnotu. Vztah iWell Guard k tradici Pachamamy je zde z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b pozorovatelsk\u00fd z hlediska religionistiky, nikoli slibuj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Strukturn\u011b lze Pa\u010damamu srovn\u00e1vat s dal\u0161\u00edmi bohyn\u011bmi Zem\u011b ve sv\u011btov\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch, ani\u017e by bylo nutn\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat genetickou souvislost. N\u00e1bo\u017eensko-v\u011bdn\u011b obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdmluvn\u00e9 je srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se staroindickou Prithivi, \u0159eckou Gaiou, \u0159\u00edmskou Tellus Mater, germ\u00e1nskou Nerthus (Tacitus) a severoamerickou <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145464\">Changing Woman<\/a> Navaj\u016f.<\/p><p>Mircea Eliade identifikoval v d\u00edle <em>Die Religion und das Heilige<\/em> vzor Matky Zem\u011b, kter\u00fd se vyskytuje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve v\u0161ech agr\u00e1rn\u00edch vysp\u011bl\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch: \u017eensk\u00e1 numinozita spojen\u00e1 s plodnost\u00ed, cykli\u010dnost\u00ed, osivem a smrt\u00ed. Pa\u010damama do tohoto vzoru zapad\u00e1, d\u00edky sv\u00e9 dimenzi pacha (\u010das, sv\u011btov\u00e1 \u00e9ra) v\u0161ak vykazuje \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed s\u00e9mantick\u00fd horizont.<\/p><p>Specificky andsk\u00fd je vztah Pa\u010damamy k m\u00edstn\u00edm horsk\u00fdm duch\u016fm <em>Apu<\/em> (viz <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145454\">Apu Ausangate<\/a>). Tito mu\u017e\u0161t\u00ed p\u00e1ni hor a \u017eensk\u00e1 Matka Zem\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed komplement\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9m pohlav\u00ed, kter\u00fd je v andsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159edstava o struktu\u0159e a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologii<\/span> vyj\u00e1d\u0159en pojmem <em>yanantin<\/em>, tedy produktivn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed protikladn\u00fdch dvojic.<\/p><p>Dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou paralelu ukazuje afroamerick\u00e9 uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ori\u0161y <em>Yemaya<\/em> nebo v\u00fad\u00faistick\u00e9 lwa Erzulie, kde je \u017eensk\u00e1 numinozita spojena s vodou, plodnost\u00ed a ochranou. I zde se jedn\u00e1 o konvergentn\u00ed struktury agr\u00e1rn\u00ed religiozity, nikoli o historickou p\u0159\u00edbuznost.<\/p><p>V\u011bdeck\u00e1 kategorie <em>Magna Mater<\/em>, velk\u00e9 matky, byla od dob Johanna Jakoba Bachofena v 19. stolet\u00ed opakovan\u011b diskutov\u00e1na, av\u0161ak prost\u00e9 redukov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech bohyn\u00ed Zem\u011b na archetyp\u00e1ln\u00ed prapodobu je dnes metodologicky kriticky hodnoceno.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Christianizace a synkretismus<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e9 misii se nikdy nepoda\u0159ilo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u011bnovan\u00fdch bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> Pachamamy zcela vytla\u010dit. Naopak do\u0161lo k jednomu z nejn\u00e1padn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch synkretism\u016f americk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 historie: ke spojen\u00ed Pachamamy s katolickou \u00factou k Pann\u011b Marii, zejm\u00e9na s Madonou z Copacabany (Bol\u00edvie) a Madonou del Cerro (Potos\u00ed).<\/p><p>Na slavn\u00e9m obraze <em>Virgen del Cerro<\/em> (anonymn\u00ed, kolem 1720, Potos\u00ed) se Madona zjevuje p\u0159\u00edmo jako St\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e1 hora Potos\u00ed, jej\u00ed roucho tvo\u0159\u00ed obrys hory, na vrcholu hory sed\u00ed koruna a uvnit\u0159 hory jsou vid\u011bt horn\u00edci.<\/p><p>Teresa Gisbert interpretovala tento obraz jako ikonografick\u00fd manifest synkreze Pachamamy a Panny Marie. Madona zde nen\u00ed postavena nad hory, ona je hora, a t\u00edm je z\u00e1rove\u0148 Matkou Zem\u00ed.<\/p><p>Tak\u00e9 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed poutn\u00ed m\u00edsto Copacabana u jezera Titicaca bylo zbudov\u00e1no na star\u0161\u00edm inck\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Svat\u00e9 m\u00edsto zasv\u011bcen\u00e9 uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva.\" tabindex=\"0\">svatyni<\/span>. <em>Virgen Morena<\/em> (tmav\u00e1 Madona), kter\u00e1 je zde uct\u00edv\u00e1na, je dnes z\u00e1rove\u0148 pova\u017eov\u00e1na za k\u0159es\u0165anskou patronku Bol\u00edvie i za projev Pachamamy. Sabine MacCormackov\u00e1 (<em>Religion in the Andes<\/em>, 1991) tento proces dvojit\u00e9 identity podrobn\u011b popsala.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 recepce a v\u00fdzkum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pa\u010damama je dnes daleko za u\u017e\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm kontextem identifika\u010dn\u00ed postavou indigenn\u00edch politick\u00fdch hnut\u00ed Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky. V Bol\u00edvii vyhl\u00e1sil prezident Evo Morales (2006, 2019) 1. srpen jako <em>Dia de la Pachamama<\/em> st\u00e1tn\u00edm sv\u00e1tkem a \u00fastava z roku 2009 se v\u00fdslovn\u011b odvol\u00e1v\u00e1 na v\u00edru v Pa\u010damamu.<\/p><p>Tak\u00e9 v Ekv\u00e1doru byla <em>Pachamama<\/em> v \u00fastav\u011b z roku 2008 vybavena vlastn\u00edmi pr\u00e1vy, co\u017e je krok, kter\u00fd byl mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b sledov\u00e1n v pr\u00e1vn\u00edch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch.<\/p><p>V ekologick\u00e9m hnut\u00ed a v z\u00e1padn\u00edch new age kruz\u00edch zaznamenala Pa\u010damama v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch \u0161irokou odezvu. Tuto recepci je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba hodnotit kriticky: \u010dasto vytrhuje tento pojem z jeho konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho andsk\u00e9ho kontextu a \u010din\u00ed z n\u011bj glob\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161ifru pro Matku Zemi.<\/p><p>N\u00e1bo\u017een\u0161t\u00ed etnologov\u00e9 jako Marisol de la Cadena (<em>Earth Beings<\/em>, 2015) upozornili, \u017ee andsk\u00e1 Pa\u010damama nen\u00ed toto\u017en\u00e1 se z\u00e1padn\u00ed hypot\u00e9zou Gaia a nelze ji vt\u011bsnat do jej\u00edho pojmov\u00e9ho r\u00e1mce.<\/p><p>Ve Vatik\u00e1nu se Pa\u010damama v roce 2019 b\u011bhem synody o Amazonii dostala do centra kontroverzn\u00ed debaty pot\u00e9, co byly v kostele Santa Maria in Traspontina um\u00edst\u011bny d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 so\u0161ky.<\/p><p>Tato ud\u00e1lost ukazuje nezmen\u0161enou \u00fa\u010dinnost symboliky Matky Zem\u011b a\u017e do 21. stolet\u00ed. V akademick\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu tuto oblast obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b formovaly pr\u00e1ce Catherine Allenov\u00e9, Josepha Bastiena, Franka Salomona a Marisol de la Cadeny.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura a prameny<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br uv\u00e1d\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 d\u00edla andsk\u00e9 etnologie a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch d\u011bjin, kter\u00e1 jsou pro v\u00fdzkum Pa\u010damamy z\u00e1sadn\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21d1bd35 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp21d1bd35\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp261bfd72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp261bfd72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pago a la Tierra a zvyk daru Zemi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26889d35 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp26889d35\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ab2cdd9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2ab2cdd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dob\u0159e zdokumentovan\u00fdm a dodnes \u017eiv\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd zvyk, kter\u00fd ur\u010dit\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed pravideln\u011b opakuje.\" tabindex=\"0\">zvykem<\/span> spojen\u00fdm s Pachamamou je darov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011b, v andsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch v\u011bt\u0161inou ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako <em>pago a la tierra<\/em> nebo <em>despacho<\/em>.<\/p><p>P\u0159i n\u011bm se sestavuje svazek r\u016fzn\u00fdch dar\u016f, kter\u00fd podle regionu m\u016f\u017ee obsahovat listy koky, kuku\u0159i\u010dn\u00e1 zrna, tuk, sladkosti, mal\u00e9 figurky a dal\u0161\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1sti. Svazek se zahrab\u00e1v\u00e1 nebo spaluje, \u010dasto na pevn\u011b stanoven\u00fdch m\u00edstech a v ur\u010den\u00fdch \u010dasech.<\/p><p>V mnoha oblastech jihoperu\u00e1nsk\u00fdch a bolivijsk\u00fdch And je srpen m\u011bs\u00edcem, v n\u011bm\u017e se takov\u00e9 dary p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bji, proto\u017ee se v tomto obdob\u00ed zem\u011b pova\u017euje za otev\u0159enou a p\u0159\u00edstupnou. Tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd zvyk, kter\u00fd ur\u010dit\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed pravideln\u011b opakuje.\" tabindex=\"0\">zvyk<\/span> \u010dasto vede ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed specialista, jeho\u017e ozna\u010den\u00ed se podle regionu li\u0161\u00ed.<\/p><p>Etnografick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum, nap\u0159\u00edklad pr\u00e1ce Catherine Allenov\u00e9 o ke\u010du\u00e1nsk\u00e9m spole\u010denstv\u00ed u Cuska, uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee dar Pachamam\u011b je zakotven v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm vztahu k okoln\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Ke stejn\u00fdm p\u0159edstav\u00e1m pat\u0159\u00ed i to, kdy\u017e se p\u0159ed pit\u00edm trochu tekutiny vylije na zem.<\/p><p>V\u00fdzkum zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee tento komplex nen\u00ed ani pouh\u00fdm pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159edkolumbovsk\u00e9 praxe, ani prostou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 kultura se zvyky, vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edmi a p\u00edsn\u011bmi.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklorou<\/span>. B\u011bhem stalet\u00ed do sebe p\u0159ijal k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 prvky, ani\u017e by ztratil sv\u00e9 j\u00e1dro. Pachamama je na mnoha m\u00edstech uct\u00edv\u00e1na vedle katolick\u00fdch svat\u00fdch a t\u00ed\u017e lid\u00e9 se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed jak m\u0161e, tak darov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011b.<\/p><p>Dar nen\u00ed prosbou o z\u00e1zrak, n\u00fdbr\u017e v\u00fdrazem vztahu vz\u00e1jemnosti: kdo zemi bere, ten j\u00ed zase vrac\u00ed. Tuto logiku vz\u00e1jemnosti, v And\u00e1ch \u010dasto spojovanou s ke\u010du\u00e1nsk\u00fdm pojmem <em>ayni<\/em>, pova\u017euje \u0159ada badatel\u016f za skute\u010dn\u00fd kl\u00ed\u010d k pochopen\u00ed tohoto zvyku.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp25fcc55d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp25fcc55d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21ebc69e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp21ebc69e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pachamama v sou\u010dasn\u00e9m politick\u00e9m a c\u00edrkevn\u00edm rozporu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp23c41102 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp23c41102\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2eb276f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2eb276f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ve 21. stolet\u00ed se Pachamama stala politick\u00fdm a ideologick\u00fdm bodem odkazu i mimo n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou oblast. V Bolivii a Ekv\u00e1doru se tento pojem objevil v \u00fastavn\u00ed a z\u00e1konn\u00e9 tvorb\u011b 2000. a 2010. let.<\/p><p>Ekv\u00e1dor zahrnul v roce 2008 do sv\u00e9 \u00fastavy pr\u00e1va p\u0159\u00edrody a Bolivie v roce 2010 schv\u00e1lila z\u00e1kon zn\u00e1m\u00fd pod n\u00e1zvem <em>Ley de Derechos de la Madre Tierra<\/em>. Pachamama se tu objevuje jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1zorn\u00fd obraz, kter\u00fd zastupuje abstraktn\u00ed my\u0161lenku.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> environment\u00e1ln\u00edho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed hodnotu.<\/p><p>V\u00fdzkum kriticky diskutuje, do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry se toto politick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed shoduje s m\u00edstn\u00edmi n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi p\u0159edstavami. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed auto\u0159i v tom vid\u00ed smyslupln\u00e9 nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed na andsk\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed, jin\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e zabr\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mnohotv\u00e1rn\u00fd m\u00edstn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd zvyk, kter\u00fd ur\u010dit\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed pravideln\u011b opakuje.\" tabindex=\"0\">zvyk<\/span> zobec\u0148uje na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> a p\u0159itom jej zjednodu\u0161uje. Skute\u010dn\u00e1 ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed praxe ve vesnic\u00edch z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1tn\u00ed symbolikou z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti nedot\u010dena.<\/p><p>Vlastn\u00ed kontroverze vznikla v roce 2019 v c\u00edrkevn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. B\u011bhem takzvan\u00e9 amazonsk\u00e9 synody v \u0158\u00edm\u011b byly pou\u017eity d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 figury, kter\u00e9 byly ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 debat\u011b ozna\u010dov\u00e1ny jako zobrazen\u00ed Pachamamy. N\u011bkolik konzervativn\u00edch kruh\u016f uvnit\u0159 katolick\u00e9 c\u00edrkve to hodnotilo jako modloslu\u017ebu, a figury byly nezn\u00e1m\u00fdmi pachateli odcizeny z jednoho \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho kostela a vhozeny do Tibery.<\/p><p>Tento incident vyvolal \u0161irokou diskusi o tom, jak by se c\u00edrkev m\u011bla stav\u011bt k domorod\u00fdm n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm form\u00e1m vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed. Z hlediska v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho pohledu ukazuje, \u017ee Pachamama se dnes stala p\u0159edm\u011btem sporu daleko za hranicemi andsk\u00e9 oblasti, kde se \u0159e\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zky inkulturace, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Splynut\u00ed p\u0159edstav nebo bo\u017estev z r\u016fzn\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch tradic.\" tabindex=\"0\">synkretismu<\/span> a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 identity.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (v\u00fdb\u011br)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Catherine Allen: <em>The Hold Life Has<\/em> (2002)<\/li><li>Joseph Bastien: <em>Mountain of the Condor<\/em> (1978)<\/li><li>Sabine MacCormack: <em>Religion in the Andes<\/em> (1991)<\/li><li>Marisol de la Cadena: <em>Earth Beings<\/em> (2015)<\/li><li>Olivia Harris: <em>Of Bread and Blood<\/em> (2000)<\/li><li>Diego Gonzalez Holguin: <em>Vocabulario de la lengua general<\/em> (1608)<\/li><li>Frank Salomon: <em>The Cord Keepers<\/em> (2004)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-pachamama e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-pachamama\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-pachamama-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-pachamama-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jako <em>bohyn\u011b plodnosti<\/em> andsk\u00e9ho sv\u011bta spojuje Pachamama zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, chovatelstv\u00ed a uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed hor; ob\u011bti z koky, kuku\u0159ice a chichy dodnes doprov\u00e1zej\u00ed set\u00ed, sklize\u0148 a stavbu domu v Bol\u00edvii, Peru a severn\u00ed Argentin\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Pachamama Quechua Aymara Ayni Despacho Paqo Yatiri Apacheta Sullu.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-pachamama\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard a ochrann\u00e9 tradice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard navazuje na kulturn\u011b-historickou tradici p\u0159enosn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, v tradici <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145436\">Andy \/ Inkov\u00e9<\/a> a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch kultur po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. 41 vrstev, ryz\u00ed zlato, platina, st\u0159\u00edbro, vyrobeno v N\u011bmecku. 30denn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na vr\u00e1cen\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-ccb\" 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2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti se mohou li\u0161it. Nejedn\u00e1 se o zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek. Nen\u00ed slibem l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pachamama-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-pachamama-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nen\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek<\/strong> a nenahrazuje l\u00e9ka\u0159skou ani psychoterapeutickou l\u00e9\u010dbu. Religionistick\u00fd obsah p\u0159edstavuje kulturn\u011b-historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed, nikoli doporu\u010den\u00ed duchovn\u00ed praxe.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2683,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Pachamama matka Zem\u011b Andy","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Pachamama \u2013 andsk\u00e1 matka Zem\u011b a kult","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Pachamama, matka Zem\u011b And, je dodnes \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed postavou andsk\u00e9ho venkovsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota. 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