{"id":145444,"date":"2026-09-03T16:30:27","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:30:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145444"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:56:11","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:56:11","slug":"inuite-arktida-sedna-tornit-praxe","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/inuite-arktida-sedna-tornit-praxe\/","title":{"rendered":"Inuit\u00e9 a Arktida \u2013 Sedna, Tornit a ochrann\u00e1 praxe"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Inuit\u00e9 a Arktida, Sedna, Angakkuq a ochrann\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Obyvatelstvo Inuit\u016f, od Sibi\u0159e (Jupikov\u00e9) p\u0159es Alja\u0161ku, Kanadu, Gr\u00f3nsko a\u017e po Labrador, vytvo\u0159ilo n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou tradici, v n\u00ed\u017e \u017eivot strukturuje mo\u0159e, lovn\u00e1 zv\u011b\u0159 a duchovn\u00ed sv\u011bt zem\u0159el\u00fdch.<\/p>

Sedna jako pan\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at, angakkuqov\u00e9 (\u0161amani) jako ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed specialist\u00e9 a p\u0159enosn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty z kost\u00ed, kamene a mro\u017e\u00ed slonoviny utv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd invent\u00e1\u0159 t\u00e9to cirkumpol\u00e1rn\u00ed kultury.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Sedna, pan\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Sedna (tak\u00e9 Nuliajuk, Takannakapsaluk, Arnapkapfaaluk) je centr\u00e1ln\u00ed bo\u017estvo<\/span> cirkumpol\u00e1rn\u00edho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Inuit\u016f. V nejv\u00fdsti\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u00fdtu<\/span> je mladou \u017eenou, kterou jej\u00ed otec vysadil z lodi; dr\u017e\u00ed se okraje lodi, otec j\u00ed usek\u00e1 prsty a z nich vznikaj\u00ed tuleni, mro\u017ei a velryby.<\/p>

Pot\u00e9 kles\u00e1 na dno mo\u0159e a vl\u00e1dne tam jako pan\u00ed v\u0161em zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm lovu. Kdy\u017e se lov nezda\u0159\u00ed, znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee m\u00e1 vlasy zamotan\u00e9 kv\u016fli poru\u0161en\u00ed tabu ze strany lid\u00ed, a \u0161aman<\/span> k n\u00ed mus\u00ed sestoupit a roz\u010desat j\u00ed vlasy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Sila, Tornit a panteon duch\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Sila je souhrnn\u00fd princip dechu, po\u010das\u00ed a v\u011bdom\u00ed, kvazi-deistick\u00e1 veli\u010dina bez jasn\u00e9 personifikace, srovnateln\u00e1 s \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm Tao nebo polyn\u00e9skou manou. Tornit (v jednotn\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle Tornarssuk) jsou mocn\u00ed pomocn\u00ed duchov\u00e9, \u010dasto se zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed nebo polozv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed podobou.<\/p>

Tunit jsou m\u00fdti\u010dt\u00ed ob\u0159i-p\u0159edci, kte\u0159\u00ed ob\u00fdvali zemi p\u0159ed dne\u0161n\u00edmi Inuity. Mrtv\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed d\u00e1l ve dvou nebes\u00edch a jedn\u00e9 podsv\u011bt\u00ed, nebe je vyhrazeno pro ty, kdo zem\u0159eli heroickou smrt\u00ed, podsv\u011bt\u00ed pro p\u0159irozen\u00e1 \u00famrt\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Angakkuq, \u0161aman<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Angakkuq (mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo angakkut) je n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd specialista Inuit\u016f. Jeho iniciace<\/span> zahrnuje hled\u00e1n\u00ed duch\u016f v tund\u0159e, setk\u00e1n\u00ed s pomocn\u00edky a z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed \u201evnit\u0159n\u00ed s\u00edly\u201c (qaumaneq). P\u016fsob\u00ed jako l\u00e9\u010ditel, p\u0159edpov\u00edda\u010d po\u010das\u00ed a prost\u0159edn\u00edk ke sv\u011btu duch\u016f.<\/p>

Transov\u00e9 cesty se \u010dasto odehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed v doprovodu zv\u00ed\u0159at, ledn\u00edho medv\u011bda, vlka, orla. Buben (qilaut) je jeho hlavn\u00edm n\u00e1strojem, \u010dasto jednodu\u0161e vyroben\u00fd z naplaven\u00e9ho d\u0159eva a tulen\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee. V tradici jsou dolo\u017eeny i \u017eensk\u00e9 \u0161amanky.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Ochrann\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty, tupilak, amulety z kost\u00ed a slonoviny<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Tupilak byli p\u016fvodn\u011b konstrukty ducha<\/span>, o\u017eiven\u00e9 bytosti, kter\u00e9 \u0161aman<\/span> vyslal p\u0159i \u00fato\u010dn\u00e9m nebo ochrann\u00e9m \u00fakonu. Ve v\u00fdchodogr\u00f3nsk\u00e9 tradici byli tak\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1ni jako vy\u0159ez\u00e1van\u00e9 figurky z mro\u017e\u00ed slonoviny, velryb\u00ed kosti nebo sob\u00edch paroh\u016f.<\/p>

Dnes jsou vy\u0159ez\u00e1van\u00e9 tupilaky mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b obl\u00edben\u00fdmi suven\u00fdry a nesou n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou a tradi\u010dn\u00ed historii. Krom\u011b toho existuj\u00ed p\u0159enosn\u00e9 amulety ze zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch zub\u016f, kost\u00ed a kamene, \u010dasto se symbolick\u00fdmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty (medv\u011bd, velryba).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Inukshuk a zna\u010den\u00ed krajiny<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Inukshuk (mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo inuksuit) jsou antropomorfn\u00ed kamenn\u00e9 konstrukce, kter\u00e9 v arktick\u00e9 krajin\u011b slou\u017e\u00ed jako zna\u010den\u00ed, cesty, migra\u010dn\u00ed koridory karibu, ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 m\u00edsta, \u00fakryty. Etymologicky znamenaj\u00ed \u201ev podob\u011b \u010dlov\u011bka\u201c. Nejsou samy bohy, ale jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenskopraktick\u00e9ho vztahu k zemi. Inukshuk je dnes embl\u00e9mem Nunavutu a symbolem<\/span> olympijsk\u00fdch her 2010 ve Vancouveru.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Syst\u00e9m tabu a loveck\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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N\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Inuit\u016f je siln\u011b strukturov\u00e1no tabu: ur\u010dit\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata se nesm\u00ed j\u00edst spole\u010dn\u011b, \u017eeny b\u011bhem menstruace a po porodu podl\u00e9haj\u00ed omezen\u00edm, lov na sou\u0161i a lov na mo\u0159i jsou ritu\u00e1ln\u011b odd\u011blov\u00e1ny. Poru\u0161en\u00ed vedou k naru\u0161en\u00ed sily a k hn\u011bvu Sedny.<\/p>

Sv\u00e1tek m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159\u016f po \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m lovu (zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i lovu velryb a ledn\u00edch medv\u011bd\u016f) je velk\u00fd ritu\u00e1l<\/span> s bubnem, zp\u011bvem a sd\u00edlen\u00edm j\u00eddla. Zbytky zv\u00ed\u0159at, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159e a \u010delisti, se vracej\u00ed do mo\u0159e, aby se zv\u00ed\u0159e mohlo znovu narodit.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Christianizace a revitalizace<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Od 18. stolet\u00ed (Gr\u00f3nsko, d\u00e1nsk\u00e1 mise) a v 19.\/20. stolet\u00ed (Kanada, Alja\u0161ka) byli Inuit\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b christianizov\u00e1ni (luter\u00e1nstv\u00ed v Gr\u00f3nsku, anglik\u00e1nstv\u00ed a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd katolicismus v Kanad\u011b, rusk\u00e1 ortodoxie na Alja\u0161ce). \u0160amanismus<\/span> byl m\u00edsty n\u00e1siln\u011b potla\u010dov\u00e1n.<\/p>

Dnes prob\u00edh\u00e1 kulturn\u011b-n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 revitalizace s vlastn\u00ed tradic\u00ed hrdeln\u00edho zp\u011bvu, renesanc\u00ed \u0161perk\u016f a \u0159ezb\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. V\u00fdznamn\u00e1 religionistick\u00e1 d\u00edla: Knud Rasmussen Across Arctic America<\/em>, Daniel Merkur Becoming Half Hidden<\/em>, Ann Fienup-Riordan.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Region\u00e1ln\u00ed rozmanitost od Gr\u00f3nska po Alja\u0161ku<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Inuit\u00e9 ob\u00fdvaj\u00ed obrovsk\u00fd, \u0159\u00eddce os\u00eddlen\u00fd prostor, kter\u00fd se rozprost\u00edr\u00e1 od v\u00fdchodn\u00edho Gr\u00f3nska p\u0159es kanadskou arktidu a\u017e po Alja\u0161ku a Bering\u016fv pr\u016fliv. Na t\u00e9to rozloze existuje p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e1 jazykov\u00e1 rodina a podobn\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby \u017eivota, ale nikoli jednotn\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/p>

Region\u00e1ln\u00ed tradice gr\u00f3nsk\u00fdch Inuit\u016f, kanadsk\u00fdch skupin jako Iglulikov\u00e9 nebo Netsilikov\u00e9 a alja\u0161sk\u00fdch Yupik\u016f a I\u00f1upiat\u016f se v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed v jm\u00e9nech bo\u017estev, ritu\u00e1lech a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edch.<\/p>

Star\u0161\u00ed literatura \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvala pojem Eskimo, kter\u00fd se dnes v Kanad\u011b a Gr\u00f3nsku pova\u017euje za pejorativn\u00ed a nahrazuje se v\u00fdrazem Inuit\u00e9, zat\u00edmco na Alja\u0161ce se m\u00edsty st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako vlastn\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed Yupik a I\u00f1upiat. Tato terminologick\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka nen\u00ed jen jazykov\u00e1, ale dot\u00fdk\u00e1 se sebepojet\u00ed dan\u00fdch komunit.<\/p>

P\u0159esto lze i p\u0159es tuto rozmanitost vymezit roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rysy. Pat\u0159\u00ed k nim p\u0159edstava, \u017ee zv\u00ed\u0159ata a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edly maj\u00ed svou vlastn\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed podstatu, jsou jakousi osobou, s n\u00ed\u017e je t\u0159eba jednat s respektem. Pat\u0159\u00ed k nim tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznam z\u00e1kaz\u016f a p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f, kter\u00e9 upravuj\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i lovu, porodu a smrti.<\/p>

A pat\u0159\u00ed k nim postava \u010dlov\u011bka schopn\u00e9ho komunikovat s duchy, v gr\u00f3nsk\u00e9 oblasti naz\u00fdvan\u00e1 angakkoq<\/em>. Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed podoba t\u011bchto prvk\u016f se v\u0161ak li\u0161ila region od regionu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Sv\u011bton\u00e1zor: du\u0161e, zv\u00ed\u0159ata a rovnov\u00e1ha lovu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Ve st\u0159edu inuitsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch p\u0159edstav stoj\u00ed vztah mezi lidmi a zv\u00ed\u0159aty, na nich\u017e z\u00e1vis\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed v arktick\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 byla p\u0159edstava, \u017ee se zv\u00ed\u0159ata dobrovoln\u011b vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed lovc\u016fm, pokud s nimi zach\u00e1zej\u00ed s respektem.<\/p>

Z t\u00e9to p\u0159edstavy vych\u00e1zela hust\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 z\u00e1kaz\u016f. Ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010dinnosti se nesm\u011bly slu\u010dovat, nap\u0159\u00edklad zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at z pevniny a mo\u0159sk\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f, a kosti a zbytky se musely zpracov\u00e1vat p\u0159edepsan\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem.<\/p>

Pokud se tato pravidla poru\u0161ila, podle v\u00edry se zv\u00ed\u0159ata st\u00e1hla a hrozil hlad. V mnoha oblastech, zejm\u00e9na v centr\u00e1ln\u00ed kanadsk\u00e9 arktid\u011b, m\u011bla nad tuleni a velrybami dohl\u00ed\u017eet Pan\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at.<\/p>

Tato postava, \u010dasto naz\u00fdvan\u00e1 Sedna<\/a>, i kdy\u017e pod r\u016fzn\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny, \u017eila na mo\u0159sk\u00e9m dn\u011b. Kdy\u017e lid\u00e9 poru\u0161ili pravidla, jejich provin\u011bn\u00ed se zachytila v jej\u00edch vlasech a zv\u00ed\u0159ata se nedostavovala. Pak musel angakkoq<\/em> sestoupit k n\u00ed v duchovn\u00ed cest\u011b, upravit j\u00ed vlasy a usm\u00ed\u0159it ji.<\/p>

\u010clov\u011bk s\u00e1m byl \u010dasto ch\u00e1p\u00e1n jako slo\u017een\u00fd z n\u011bkolika du\u0161evn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, mezi nimi \u017eivotn\u00ed pod\u00edl a jmenn\u00fd pod\u00edl. Jm\u00e9no zem\u0159el\u00e9ho bylo \u010dasto d\u00e1v\u00e1no novorozen\u00e9mu d\u00edt\u011bti, kter\u00e9 tak z\u00edskalo spojen\u00ed se zesnul\u00fdm.<\/p>

Tyto p\u0159edstavy se region\u00e1ln\u011b li\u0161\u00ed, ale v\u0161echny ukazuj\u00ed sv\u011bton\u00e1zor, v n\u011bm\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk, zv\u00ed\u0159e a duchovn\u00ed sv\u011bt nejsou odd\u011blen\u00e9, ale spojen\u00e9 v neust\u00e1le ohro\u017een\u00e9 rovnov\u00e1ze.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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\u00dastn\u00ed tradice a z\u00e1pisy z Thulejsk\u00fdch expedic<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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N\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Inuit\u016f bylo \u00fastn\u00ed. V\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed \u017eilo ve vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edch, zp\u011bvech, za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edch a v praktick\u00e9m p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed star\u0161\u00edmi. Vlastn\u00ed p\u00edsmo neexistovalo, v Gr\u00f3nsku vznikla psan\u00e1 podoba jazyka a\u017e s d\u00e1nskou misi\u00ed v osmn\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed, v Kanad\u011b pozd\u011bji slabi\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00edsmo.<\/p>

Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed systematick\u00fd z\u00e1pis tradi\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159edstav poch\u00e1z\u00ed z p\u00e1t\u00e9 Thulejsk\u00e9 expedice z let 1921 a\u017e 1924 pod veden\u00edm Knuda Rasmussena.<\/p>

Rasmussen, kter\u00fd s\u00e1m vyrostl v Gr\u00f3nsku a jazyk ovl\u00e1dal, procestoval kanadskou arktidu a zaznamenal vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed, p\u00edsn\u011b a v\u00fdpov\u011bdi jednotliv\u00fdch angakkut<\/em>, mezi nimi \u010dasto citovan\u00e9ho Auu.<\/p>

Jeho svazky jsou dodnes kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm pramenem, mus\u00ed se v\u0161ak \u010d\u00edst kriticky, proto\u017ee v t\u00e9 dob\u011b ji\u017e misie a spole\u010densk\u00e9 zm\u011bny v\u00fdrazn\u011b prom\u011bnily star\u00e9 tradice. Rasmussen tak \u010dasto dokumentoval n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed v p\u0159echodu.<\/p>

Star\u0161\u00edmi prameny jsou zpr\u00e1vy d\u00e1nsk\u00fdch mision\u00e1\u0159\u016f v Gr\u00f3nsku, jako je Hans Egede, a tak\u00e9 z\u00e1pisy velryb\u00e1\u0159\u016f a badatel\u016f. Ty jsou \u010dasto \u00fatr\u017ekovit\u00e9 a ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 mision\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm nebo zv\u00eddav\u00fdm vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pohledem.<\/p>

Pro alja\u0161sk\u00e9 Yupiky a I\u00f1upiaty existuj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed, pozd\u011bji vznikl\u00e9 etnografick\u00e9 sb\u00edrky. Sou\u010dasn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum klade velk\u00fd d\u016fraz na zapojen\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed zachovan\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edmo v komunit\u00e1ch a na to, aby se koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed prameny nebraly jako neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Christianizace a sou\u010dasn\u00e1 situace<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Christianizace Inuit\u016f prob\u00edhala region\u00e1ln\u011b odli\u0161n\u011b, ale v\u0161ude byla hlubok\u00e1. V Gr\u00f3nsku za\u010dala d\u00e1nsk\u00e1 misie v osmn\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed, v kanadsk\u00e9 arktid\u011b p\u0159i\u0161li anglik\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed a katoli\u010dt\u00ed mision\u00e1\u0159i zejm\u00e9na v devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9m a na po\u010d\u00e1tku dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, na Alja\u0161ce p\u016fsobily rusk\u00e9 ortodoxn\u00ed a pozd\u011bji protestantsk\u00e9 misie.<\/p>

Na angakkut<\/em> byl na mnoha m\u00edstech vyv\u00edjen n\u00e1tlak, aby svou praxi opustili, a star\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly se dostaly do nemilosti nebo byly zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny.<\/p>

N\u00e1sledkem bylo rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00edho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Dnes je v\u011bt\u0161ina Inuit\u016f k\u0159es\u0165any r\u016fzn\u00fdch vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se dochovaly prvky star\u0161\u00edho sv\u011bton\u00e1zoru, nap\u0159\u00edklad ve vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edch, v p\u0159edstav\u00e1ch o zach\u00e1zen\u00ed se zv\u00ed\u0159aty a v praxi d\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed jmen. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch komunit\u00e1ch p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvaly p\u0159edstavy o du\u0161\u00edch a o z\u00e1kazech spojen\u00fdch s lovem i pod k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdm povrchem.<\/p>

Od pozdn\u00edho dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed roste z\u00e1jem o vlastn\u00ed kulturn\u00ed tradici<\/span>. Inuitsk\u00e9 organizace, \u0161koly a badatel\u00e9 z \u0159ad samotn\u00fdch komunit sb\u00edraj\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed, dokumentuj\u00ed jazyky a p\u0159ed\u00e1vaj\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed, \u010dasto pod pojmem Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit<\/em>, kter\u00fd ozna\u010duje p\u0159ed\u00e1van\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed Inuit\u016f.<\/p>

Nejde tolik o n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou obrodu v \u00fazk\u00e9m smyslu, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e o kulturn\u00ed sebeuv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed. Seri\u00f3zn\u00ed popis proto dne\u0161n\u00ed situaci charakterizuje jako p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b k\u0159es\u0165anskou, s do\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edmi star\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159edstavami a v\u011bdomou p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed o kulturn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed, a vyh\u00fdb\u00e1 se obrazu je\u0161t\u011b nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b praktikovan\u00e9ho star\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Bytosti t\u00e9to tradice (10)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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\"Anguta<\/div>
Anguta \u2013 otec Sedny a str\u00e1\u017ece podsv\u011bt\u00ed<\/div>
\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a>
\"Igaluk<\/div>
Igaluk \u2013 b\u016fh M\u011bs\u00edce inuitsk\u00e9 tradice<\/div>
\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a>
\"Malina<\/div>
Malina \u2013 slune\u010dn\u00ed bohyn\u011b Inuit\u016f<\/div>
\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a>
\"Nanook<\/div>
Nanook \u2013 p\u00e1n ledn\u00edch medv\u011bd\u016f tradice Inuit\u016f<\/div>
\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a>
\"Pinga<\/div>
Pinga \u2013 vl\u00e1dkyn\u011b suchozemsk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at a rodi\u010dek<\/div>
\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a>
\"Qailertetang<\/div>
Qailertetang \u2013 spole\u010dnice po\u010das\u00ed a str\u00e1\u017ekyn\u011b zv\u00ed\u0159at<\/div>
\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a>
\"Sedna<\/div>
Sedna \u2013 vl\u00e1dkyn\u011b mo\u0159\u00ed Inuit\u016f<\/div>
\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a>
\"Sila<\/div>
Sila \u2013 Sv\u011btov\u00fd dech a p\u00e1n po\u010das\u00ed Inuit\u016f<\/div>
\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a>
\"Tornarssuk<\/div>
Tornarssuk \u2013 Velk\u00fd ochrann\u00fd duch inuitsk\u00fdch \u0161aman\u016f<\/div>
\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a>
\"Tupilak<\/div>
Tupilak \u2013 um\u011bl\u00fd duch pomsty gr\u00f3nsk\u00fdch Inuit\u016f<\/div>
\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Inuit Yupik Sedna Sila Tornit Tunit Angakkuq Iqaluit Greenland Tupilak Inukshuk.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Ochrann\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty v t\u00e9to kulturn\u00ed tradici<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Arktick\u00e1 inuitsk\u00e1 tradice zn\u00e1 vy\u0159ez\u00e1van\u00e9 figurky tupilak\u016f z mro\u017e\u00ed nebo velryb\u00ed kosti, p\u0159enosn\u00e1 amulety ze zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch zub\u016f a kamene a inuksuity jako zna\u010dky v krajin\u011b; ka\u017ed\u00e1 rodina m\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty s osobn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem.<\/p>

iWell Guard navazuje na tuto kulturn\u011b-historickou linii p\u0159enosn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, v soudob\u00e9 materi\u00e1lov\u00e9 architektu\u0159e, vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fd v N\u011bmecku. 41 vrstev, ryz\u00ed zlato, platina, st\u0159\u00edbro. 30denn\u00ed lh\u016fta na vr\u00e1cen\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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<\/div>
<\/div>
V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div>
V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div>