{"id":145437,"date":"2026-09-03T16:30:24","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:30:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145437"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:55:59","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:55:59","slug":"indiansti-bohove-wakan-tanka-first-nations","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/indiansti-bohove-wakan-tanka-first-nations\/","title":{"rendered":"Indi\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed bohov\u00e9 \u2013 Wakan Tanka a First Nations"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145437\" class=\"elementor elementor-145437 elementor-2565 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-hero iwg-kultur-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-hl iwg-kultur-hero-left e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Indi\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed bohov\u00e9, Lakotov\u00e9, Hopiov\u00e9 a Navahov\u00e9 v Severn\u00ed Americe<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-leadc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-leadc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tradice indigenn\u00edch n\u00e1rod\u016f Severn\u00ed Ameriky jsou stejn\u011b rozmanit\u00e9 jako jazyky a kultury samy, Lakotov\u00e9 v Plains, Hopiov\u00e9 a Puebla na Jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b, Navahov\u00e9 (Din\u00e9) jako nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kmenov\u00fd n\u00e1rod, Inuit\u00e9 na dalek\u00e9m severu, Cherokeeov\u00e9 na Jihov\u00fdchod\u011b, Haidov\u00e9 a Tlingitov\u00e9 na severoz\u00e1padn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed.<\/p><p>P\u0159es svou rozmanitost sd\u00edl\u00ed mnoh\u00e9 tradice vztah k Velk\u00e9mu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchu<\/span>, ke zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edm duchovn\u00edm pr\u016fvodc\u016fm, k posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 krajin\u011b a k nosen\u00fdm ochrann\u00fdm p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016fm.<\/p><p>Tento p\u0159ehled se zam\u011b\u0159uje na indigenn\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Severn\u00ed Ameriky a jejich ochrann\u00e9 tradice.<\/p>\n<p class=\"iwg-kwfix\">Spole\u010dn\u00fd panteon First Nations neznaj\u00ed; ka\u017ed\u00fd z mnoha n\u00e1rod\u016f uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed bohy a duchy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-hr iwg-kultur-hero-right e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-himg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-himg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_native-american_changing-woman-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2703\" alt=\"Indi\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed bohov\u00e9 \u2013 Wakan Tanka a First Nations\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_native-american_changing-woman-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_native-american_changing-woman-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_native-american_changing-woman-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_native-american_changing-woman.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rozmanitost kulturn\u00edch oblast\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s0-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s0-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Antropologie tradi\u010dn\u011b rozd\u011bluje indigenn\u00ed obyvatele Severn\u00ed Ameriky do kulturn\u00edch oblast\u00ed: Arktida (Inuit\u00e9, Yupikov\u00e9), Subarktida (Den\u00e9ov\u00e9), severoz\u00e1padn\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed (Haidov\u00e9, Tlingitov\u00e9, Kwakwaka&#8217;wakwov\u00e9), Plateau (Nez Perce), Plains (Lakotov\u00e9, Cheyenneov\u00e9, Crowov\u00e9, Blackfootov\u00e9), Eastern Woodlands (Irok\u00e9zov\u00e9, Cherokeeov\u00e9, Algonkinov\u00e9), Jihoz\u00e1pad (Hopiov\u00e9, Pueblo, Navahov\u00e9, Apa\u010dov\u00e9), Velk\u00e1 p\u00e1nev (\u0160o\u0161onov\u00e9, Uteov\u00e9), Kalifornie (Pomov\u00e9, Chuma\u0161ov\u00e9).<\/p><p>Ka\u017ed\u00e1 oblast m\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 t\u011b\u017ei\u0161t\u011b, od \u0161amansk\u00fdch praktik p\u0159es rostlinnou medic\u00ednu a\u017e po klanovou strukturovanou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159edstava o uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologii<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lakotov\u00e9, Wakan Tanka, Tanec slunce, Vision Quest<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s1-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s1-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lakotov\u00e9 (jeden ze t\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u00edch jazyk\u016f Sioux\u016f) uct\u00edvaj\u00ed Wakan Tanka, \u201eVelk\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ducha<\/span>\u201c nebo p\u0159esn\u011bji \u201evelkou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1le\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed bo\u017esk\u00e9mu, a proto vy\u0148at\u00e9 z b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">svatost<\/span>\u201c, prostupuj\u00edc\u00ed princip, kter\u00fd se projevuje v mnoha podob\u00e1ch. Tanec slunce je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00edm ob\u0159adem, spojuj\u00edc\u00edm tanec, p\u016fst a fyzickou zkou\u0161ku.<\/p><p>Vision Quest (Hanblecha), \u010dty\u0159denn\u00ed p\u016fst v samot\u011b v divo\u010din\u011b, zna\u010d\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed p\u0159echody a osobn\u00ed setk\u00e1n\u00ed s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchem<\/span>. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm ob\u0159adn\u00edm p\u0159edm\u011btem je Chanunpa (posv\u00e1tn\u00e1 d\u00fdmka), kterou p\u0159inesla B\u00edl\u00e1 bizonice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hopiov\u00e9 a Puebla, n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed ka\u010din\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s2-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s2-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>U Hopi\u016f a Puebel na Jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b organizuj\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd \u017eivot duchov\u00e9 ka\u010din\u016f. Ka\u010dinov\u00e9 jsou prost\u0159edn\u00edky mezi sv\u011btem boh\u016f a lid\u00ed, zt\u011bles\u0148uj\u00ed je v ro\u010dn\u00edch tane\u010dn\u00edch cyklech maskovan\u00ed tane\u010dn\u00edci.<\/p><p>U Hopi\u016f existuje p\u0159es 300 postav ka\u010din\u016f, ka\u017ed\u00e1 s vlastn\u00ed funkc\u00ed (d\u00e9\u0161\u0165, plodnost, l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed nemoc\u00ed, v\u00fdchova ml\u00e1de\u017ee). Vy\u0159ez\u00e1van\u00e9 ka\u010dinov\u00e9 loutky z topolov\u00e9ho d\u0159eva slou\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 v\u00fdchov\u011b. Puebelsk\u00e1 tradice zn\u00e1 kivu jako shroma\u017e\u010fovac\u00ed a inicia\u010dn\u00ed prostor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Navahov\u00e9 (Din\u00e9), Hozh\u00f3 a cesty k uzdraven\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s3-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s3-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Navahov\u00e9 sami sebe naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed Din\u00e9 (\u201elid\u201c). V centru jejich n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed stoj\u00ed Hozh\u00f3, kr\u00e1sa, harmonie, rovnov\u00e1ha. Stvo\u0159itelsk\u00e9 m\u00fdty vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00ed o vzestupu ze \u010dty\u0159 podsv\u011bt\u00ed do sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.<\/p><p>L\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9 ob\u0159ady (chanty, cesty) jako Blessingway, Enemyway a Nightway jsou slo\u017eit\u00e9, n\u011bkolikadenn\u00ed ceremonie s p\u00edskov\u00fdmi obrazy (Iik\u00e1\u00e1h), zp\u011bvy a modlitbami. P\u00edskov\u00e9 obrazy jsou po pou\u017eit\u00ed zni\u010deny, nejsou ur\u010deny k trv\u00e1n\u00ed, ale k samotn\u00e9mu aktu uzdraven\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty, medic\u00ednov\u00e9 vaky, lapa\u010de sn\u016f, pera<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s4-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s4-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Medic\u00ednov\u00e9 vaky (Medicine Bundle \/ Pouch), ko\u017een\u00e9 vaky s osobn\u011b z\u00edskan\u00fdmi posv\u00e1tn\u00fdmi p\u0159edm\u011bty, jsou \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed v mnoha tradic\u00edch Plains a lesn\u00edch oblast\u00ed. Lapa\u010de sn\u016f (Dreamcatcher, p\u016fvodn\u011b tradice Od\u017eibvej\u016f) se zav\u011b\u0161uj\u00ed nad spac\u00edm m\u00edstem a filtruj\u00ed sny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vzoru pavu\u010diny.<\/p><p>Orl\u00ed pera jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1na za nejsv\u011bt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nosen\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty, jejich ud\u011blen\u00ed vy\u017eaduje svolen\u00ed a z\u00e1sluhu. Turkys je na Jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm ochrann\u00fdm kamenem (u Navah\u016f, Puebel, v hopijsk\u00e9 \u0161perka\u0159sk\u00e9 tradici). Feti\u0161e zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch duch\u016f z kamene (Zuniov\u00e9) se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v praxi medic\u00ednov\u00fdch vak\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-native-american-s-faq e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"x-native-american-s-faq\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-native-american-h-faq elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"x-native-american-h-faq\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch boz\u00edch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s4-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s4-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-native-american-t-faq elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x-native-american-t-faq\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Kolik indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch boh\u016f existuje?<\/h3>\n<p>Neexistuje jedin\u00e9 indi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, v\u00edce ne\u017e 500 kmen\u016f First Nations v Severn\u00ed Americe m\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tradice. Indi\u00e1ni pr\u00e9ri\u00ed (Lakotov\u00e9, Cheyenneov\u00e9, Crowov\u00e9) se soust\u0159ed\u00ed na Wakan Tanku. Algonkinsk\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 rodiny (Creeov\u00e9, Od\u017eibvejov\u00e9) na Manitou. Pueblo\u0161t\u00ed indi\u00e1ni (Hopiov\u00e9, Zuniov\u00e9) na duchy Kachina. Trickster Coyote je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd v z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Severn\u00ed Ameriky. Celkem existuj\u00ed stovky r\u016fzn\u00fdch bo\u017estev a duch\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>Kdo je Wakan Tanka?<\/h3>\n<p>Wakan Tanka (lakotsky: Velk\u00e9 mysterium) je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed svat\u00e1 moc Lakotsk\u00fdch Sioux\u016f. Na rozd\u00edl od k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho Boha nen\u00ed Wakan Tanka osobou, ale v\u0161eprostupuj\u00edc\u00ed realitou se sedmi aspekty. Setk\u00e1n\u00ed s B\u00edlou bizon\u00ed \u017eenou je zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edm m\u00fdtem svat\u00e9 d\u00fdmky (Chanunpa) a sedmi lakotsk\u00fdch ob\u0159ad\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>Co je Sun Dance?<\/h3>\n<p>Sun Dance (lakotsky: Wi Wanyang Wachipi) je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ust\u00e1len\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm \u010di kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span> pr\u00e9rijn\u00edch indi\u00e1n\u016f, \u010dty\u0159denn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Slavnostn\u00ed \u00fakon prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed podle pevn\u00fdch pravidel.\" tabindex=\"0\">ceremonie<\/span> konan\u00e1 p\u0159i letn\u00edm slunovratu. Tane\u010dn\u00edci se zdr\u017euj\u00ed j\u00eddla i pit\u00ed, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed jsou d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdmi kol\u00edky p\u0159ipevn\u011bni k hrudn\u00ed tk\u00e1ni \u0159emeny spojen\u00fdmi se stromem slune\u010dn\u00edho tance. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ust\u00e1len\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm \u010di kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritu\u00e1l<\/span> byl v roce 1881 zak\u00e1z\u00e1n vl\u00e1dou USA a v roce 1978 s American Indian Religious Freedom Act op\u011bt povolen.<\/p>\n<h3>Kdo je Coyote?<\/h3>\n<p>Coyote je trickster-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> mnoha kmen\u016f z\u00e1padn\u00ed Severn\u00ed Ameriky (Navahov\u00e9, Apa\u010dov\u00e9, Klamathov\u00e9, Maiduov\u00e9 a dal\u0161\u00ed), stvo\u0159itel a \u0161ibal v jedn\u00e9 osob\u011b. P\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed lidem ohe\u0148 a kuku\u0159ici, je ale tak\u00e9 sv\u016fdcem a lh\u00e1\u0159em.<\/p><p>Jeho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy \u010dasto obsahuj\u00ed erotick\u00e9 a obsc\u00e9nn\u00ed prvky, na rozd\u00edl od christianizovan\u00fdch indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch poh\u00e1dek pro d\u011bti. Z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska je Coyote prototypick\u00fdm tricksterem, p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdm z\u00e1padoafrick\u00e9mu pavoukovi Anansi a seversk\u00e9mu Lokimu.<\/p>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Kolik indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch boh\u016f existuje?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Neexistuje jedin\u00e9 indi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, v\u00edce ne\u017e 500 kmen\u016f First Nations v Severn\u00ed Americe m\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tradice. Indi\u00e1ni pr\u00e9ri\u00ed (Lakotov\u00e9, Cheyenneov\u00e9, Crowov\u00e9) se soust\u0159ed\u00ed na Wakan Tanku. Algonkinsk\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 rodiny (Creeov\u00e9, Od\u017eibvejov\u00e9) na Manitou. Pueblo\u0161t\u00ed indi\u00e1ni (Hopiov\u00e9, Zuniov\u00e9) na duchy Kachina. Trickster Coyote je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd v z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Severn\u00ed Ameriky. Celkem existuj\u00ed stovky r\u016fzn\u00fdch bo\u017estev a duch\u016f.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Kdo je Wakan Tanka?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Wakan Tanka (lakotsky: Velk\u00e9 mysterium) je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed svat\u00e1 moc Lakotsk\u00fdch Sioux\u016f. Na rozd\u00edl od k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho Boha nen\u00ed Wakan Tanka osobou, ale v\u0161eprostupuj\u00edc\u00ed realitou se sedmi aspekty. Setk\u00e1n\u00ed s B\u00edlou bizon\u00ed \u017eenou je zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edm m\u00fdtem svat\u00e9 d\u00fdmky (Chanunpa) a sedmi lakotsk\u00fdch ob\u0159ad\u016f.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Co je Sun Dance?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Sun Dance (lakotsky: Wi Wanyang Wachipi) je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ritu\u00e1l pr\u00e9rijn\u00edch indi\u00e1n\u016f, \u010dty\u0159denn\u00ed ceremonie konan\u00e1 p\u0159i letn\u00edm slunovratu. Tane\u010dn\u00edci se zdr\u017euj\u00ed j\u00eddla i pit\u00ed, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed jsou d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdmi kol\u00edky p\u0159ipevn\u011bni k hrudn\u00ed tk\u00e1ni \u0159emeny spojen\u00fdmi se stromem slune\u010dn\u00edho tance. Ritu\u00e1l byl v roce 1881 zak\u00e1z\u00e1n vl\u00e1dou USA a v roce 1978 s American Indian Religious Freedom Act op\u011bt povolen.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Kdo je Coyote?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Coyote je trickster-duch mnoha kmen\u016f z\u00e1padn\u00ed Severn\u00ed Ameriky (Navahov\u00e9, Apa\u010dov\u00e9, Klamathov\u00e9, Maiduov\u00e9 a dal\u0161\u00ed), stvo\u0159itel a \u0161ibal v jedn\u00e9 osob\u011b. P\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed lidem ohe\u0148 a kuku\u0159ici, je ale tak\u00e9 sv\u016fdcem a lh\u00e1\u0159em. Jeho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy \u010dasto obsahuj\u00ed erotick\u00e9 a obsc\u00e9nn\u00ed prvky, na rozd\u00edl od christianizovan\u00fdch indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch poh\u00e1dek pro d\u011bti. Z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska je Coyote prototypick\u00fdm tricksterem, p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdm z\u00e1padoafrick\u00e9mu pavoukovi Anansi a seversk\u00e9mu Lokimu.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sweat Lodge, d\u00fdmkov\u00fd ob\u0159ad, peyotl<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s5-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s5-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sweat Lodge (lakotsky Inipi) je panindi\u00e1nsk\u00e1 o\u010distn\u00e1 praxe: n\u00edzk\u00fd kupolovit\u00fd stan z vrbov\u00e9ho prout\u00ed s hork\u00fdmi kameny a vodou, \u010dty\u0159i kola s modlitbami, l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdmi zp\u011bvy a rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p><p>D\u00fdmkov\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Slavnostn\u00ed \u00fakon prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed podle pevn\u00fdch pravidel.\" tabindex=\"0\">ceremonie<\/span> (Pipe Ceremony) posv\u011bcuje shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed a smlouvy. Native American Church (zalo\u017een\u00e1 v roce 1918) pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 peyotl (Lophophora williamsii) jako sv\u00e1tostnou rostlinnou medic\u00ednu a dnes je velkou organizac\u00ed s vlastn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e dan\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologi\u00ed<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 situace a b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s6-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s6-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dnes \u017eije v USA p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 5,6 milionu Native Americans, dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2 miliony v Kanad\u011b. N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 svoboda byla v z\u00e1sad\u011b zaru\u010dena a\u017e z\u00e1konem American Indian Religious Freedom Act z roku 1978, do t\u00e9 doby byly mnoh\u00e9 praktiky zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny.<\/p><p>V\u011bdeck\u00e9 standardn\u00ed publikace: \u00c5ke Hultkrantz <em>The Religions of the American Indians<\/em>, Sam Gill, Joel Martin, Vine Deloria Jr. (pohled zevnit\u0159 domorod\u00e9 perspektivy).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp272f9782 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp272f9782\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2db7ec3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2db7ec3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kulturn\u00ed oblasti a rozmanitost domorod\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c9c87c4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2c9c87c4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2cad2b1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2cad2b1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0158e\u010d o n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Native Americans je zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je v odborn\u00e9m b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed ji\u017e dlouho pova\u017eov\u00e1no za problematick\u00e9. V Severn\u00ed Americe existovaly a existuj\u00ed stovky samostatn\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f s vlastn\u00edmi jazyky, formami spole\u010densk\u00e9ho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi p\u0159edstavami. Jedin\u00e9 indi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed neexistuje, stejn\u011b jako neexistuje jedin\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/p><p>K uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to rozmanitosti pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm zp\u016fsobem zkoum\u00e1 kultury a spole\u010dnosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">etnologie<\/span> koncept kulturn\u00edch are\u00e1l\u016f, tedy v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch region\u016f s podobn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi podm\u00ednkami a kulturn\u00edmi rysy.<\/p><p>B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 je rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed na severoz\u00e1padn\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, kalifornsk\u00fd are\u00e1l, plat\u00f3, Velk\u00e9 pl\u00e1n\u011b, subarktickou oblast, arktickou oblast, jihoz\u00e1pad, jihov\u00fdchod a severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed lesn\u00ed oblast. Toto rozd\u011blen\u00ed je pomocn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem, nikoli indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdm vlastn\u00edm pojmenov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p><p>U\u017e uvnit\u0159 jednoho are\u00e1lu existuj\u00ed velk\u00e9 rozd\u00edly. Na jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b se nap\u0159\u00edklad usedl\u00e9 pueblansk\u00e9 komunity Hopi\u016f a Zuni\u016f se sv\u00fdmi kivov\u00fdmi ritu\u00e1ly a maskovan\u00fdmi tane\u010dn\u00edky v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od Din\u00e9, tedy Navaj\u016f, jejich\u017e l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9 ceremonie a p\u00edse\u010dn\u00e9 obrazy maj\u00ed svou vlastn\u00ed logiku.<\/p><p>Na severoz\u00e1padn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed utv\u00e1\u0159ely n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed lov losos\u016f, potla\u010dov\u00e9 slavnosti a slo\u017eit\u00fd syst\u00e9m erb\u016f a hodnost\u00ed, zat\u00edmco na Velk\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u00edch to byl lov bizon\u016f, hled\u00e1n\u00ed viz\u00ed a ceremonie jako slune\u010dn\u00ed tanec.<\/p><p>Seri\u00f3zn\u00ed popis se proto mus\u00ed v\u017edy pt\u00e1t, o kter\u00e9m n\u00e1rodu, kter\u00e9m regionu a kter\u00e9m obdob\u00ed je \u0159e\u010d. Obecn\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed o indi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 spiritualit\u011b m\u00edjej\u00ed sv\u016fj p\u0159edm\u011bt. P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e1 t\u00e9mata zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 str\u00e1nky o bytostech tohoto kulturn\u00edho are\u00e1lu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26746451 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp26746451\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2331554d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2331554d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se vzorce p\u0159edstav<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ff0d8b0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2ff0d8b0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2435d678 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2435d678\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>P\u0159es ve\u0161kerou rozmanitost lze vymezit n\u011bkolik vzorc\u016f p\u0159edstav, kter\u00e9 se objevuj\u00ed v mnoha, nikoli v\u0161ak ve v\u0161ech severoamerick\u00fdch tradic\u00edch. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena je p\u0159edstava, \u017ee nejen lid\u00e9, ale i zv\u00ed\u0159ata, rostliny, m\u00edsta a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edly mohou b\u00fdt osobami s vlastn\u00ed v\u016fl\u00ed.<\/p><p>Odborn\u00e9 b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v t\u00e9to souvislosti mluv\u00ed o rela\u010dn\u00ed \u010di person\u00e1ln\u00ed ontologii, v n\u00ed\u017e je hranice mezi \u010dlov\u011bkem a ne\u010dlov\u011bkem prostupn\u00e1.<\/p><p>\u010casto se objevuje p\u0159edstava v\u0161eprostupuj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edly nebo tajemstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je v jednotliv\u00fdch tradic\u00edch pojmenov\u00e1v\u00e1no r\u016fzn\u011b. Takov\u00e9 pojmy je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt, a star\u0161\u00ed p\u0159eklady jako velk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> \u010dasto zkresluj\u00ed v\u00edc, ne\u017e co objas\u0148uj\u00ed. Tyto pojmy pat\u0159\u00ed v\u017edy do sv\u00e9ho jazykov\u00e9ho a kulturn\u00edho kontextu.<\/p><p>Velmi roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 je postava <em>trickstera<\/em>, dvojzna\u010dn\u00e9 bytosti, kter\u00e1 je z\u00e1rove\u0148 kulturn\u00edm dobroditelem i ru\u0161itelem \u0159\u00e1du a podle regionu vystupuje jako kojot, havran, pavouk nebo norek. Vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o trickstrovi vysv\u011btluj\u00ed vznik sv\u011bta a \u0159\u00e1du, z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak poru\u0161uj\u00ed normy a ukazuj\u00ed jejich hranice.<\/p><p>Rovn\u011b\u017e \u010dast\u00e9 je hled\u00e1n\u00ed viz\u00ed, tedy z\u00e1polen\u00ed o z\u00e1sadn\u00ed setk\u00e1n\u00ed s ochrannou moc\u00ed, obvykle doprov\u00e1zen\u00e9 postem a osam\u011bn\u00edm. Vedle toho hraj\u00ed velkou roli l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9 a o\u010distn\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly, nap\u0159\u00edklad pobyt v potn\u00ed chat\u011b, a slavnosti spole\u010denstv\u00ed v\u00e1zan\u00e9 na kalend\u00e1\u0159. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd z t\u011bchto vzorc\u016f m\u00e1 u jednotliv\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda svou vlastn\u00ed formu, vlastn\u00ed pravidla a vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdznamy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp224447f0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp224447f0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp203f136e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp203f136e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00edsemn\u00e9 zaznamen\u00e1n\u00ed, d\u011bjiny b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a kritika pramen\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2481166d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2481166d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2bf90ac8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2bf90ac8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Severoamerick\u00e9 tradice byly \u00fastn\u011b p\u0159ed\u00e1van\u00e9. P\u00edsemn\u00e9 prameny proto poch\u00e1zej\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b od osob z vn\u011bj\u0161ku: od mision\u00e1\u0159\u016f, cestovatel\u016f, \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f a pozd\u011bji od etnolog\u016f. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z t\u011bchto pramen\u016f v sob\u011b nese pohled a z\u00e1jmy sv\u00e9ho autora, co\u017e z kritiky pramen\u016f d\u011bl\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed podm\u00ednku jak\u00e9hokoli zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto t\u00e9matu.<\/p><p>D\u016fle\u017eitou, av\u0161ak rozpornou roli hr\u00e1la americk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm zp\u016fsobem zkoum\u00e1 kultury a spole\u010dnosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">etnologie<\/span> okolo Franze Boase a jeho \u017e\u00e1k\u016f na p\u0159elomu 19. a 20. stolet\u00ed.<\/p><p>Sb\u00edrali ve velk\u00e9m rozsahu vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed, p\u00edsn\u011b a popisy ritu\u00e1l\u016f, \u010dasto v p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee dokumentuj\u00ed mizej\u00edc\u00ed sv\u011bt. Tomuto p\u0159\u00edstupu vd\u011b\u010d\u00ed b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed za rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd materi\u00e1l, z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak vznikl z myln\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o mizej\u00edc\u00edm indi\u00e1novi.<\/p><p>Problematick\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 to, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 z\u00e1pisy vznikaly bez souhlasu dan\u00fdch komunit a n\u011bkdy zaznamen\u00e1valy poznatky vyhrazen\u00e9 pouze zasv\u011bcenc\u016fm. Dne\u0161n\u00ed indi\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci a komunity proto po\u017eaduj\u00ed spolurozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o tom, co lze zkoumat, publikovat a vystavovat. Z\u00e1kony t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s hrobov\u00fdmi n\u00e1lezy a ritu\u00e1ln\u00edmi p\u0159edm\u011bty v Severn\u00ed Americe zde p\u0159inesly zm\u011bny.<\/p><p>K tomu se p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed d\u011bjiny popul\u00e1rn\u00edho p\u0159ej\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed. Od 19. stolet\u00ed byly indi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy romantizov\u00e1ny, zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1ny v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrnn\u00fd pojem pro u\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e1 si n\u00e1rokuj\u00ed skryt\u00e9 pozn\u00e1n\u00ed dostupn\u00e9 jen zasv\u011bcenc\u016fm.\" tabindex=\"0\">esoterice<\/span> a prom\u00edch\u00e1v\u00e1ny s vymy\u0161len\u00fdmi prvky, jak je tomu nap\u0159\u00edklad u roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9, ale pozdn\u00ed a z\u010d\u00e1sti neindi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 konstrukce zv\u00ed\u0159at s\u00edly.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm zp\u016fsobem a bez vyznava\u010dsk\u00e9 v\u00e1zanosti zkoum\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Religionistika<\/span> proto pe\u010dliv\u011b odli\u0161uje mezi historick\u00fdmi a sou\u010dasn\u00fdmi tradicemi jednotliv\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f a t\u00edm, co z nich ud\u011blal Z\u00e1pad.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e2cb90a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2e2cb90a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp274f0d22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp274f0d22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fatlak, nov\u00e1 hnut\u00ed a obnova tradic<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21fd34af e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp21fd34af\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2f6864ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2f6864ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 d\u011bjiny domorod\u00e9ho obyvatelstva Severn\u00ed Ameriky jsou od dob kolonizace prov\u00e1zeny obrovsk\u00fdm tlakem. Ztr\u00e1ta p\u016fdy, p\u0159es\u00eddlov\u00e1n\u00ed, epidemie a c\u00edlen\u00e1 politika zas\u00e1hly n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 z\u00e1klady mnoha n\u00e1rod\u016f. Ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech a Kanad\u011b byly domorod\u00e9 d\u011bti po generace odv\u00e1d\u011bny do intern\u00e1tn\u00edch \u0161kol, kde byly jazyky a ob\u0159ady zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny. Ur\u010dit\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly byly po ur\u010ditou dobu zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny i z\u00e1konem.<\/p><p>Pod t\u00edmto tlakem vznikala i nov\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 hnut\u00ed. V 19. stolet\u00ed se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il Tanec duch\u016f (Ghost Dance), prorock\u00e9 hnut\u00ed, kter\u00e9 doufalo v obnovu sv\u011bta a n\u00e1vrat zem\u0159el\u00fdch, jeho\u017e potla\u010den\u00ed vyvrcholilo v roce 1890 masakrem u Wounded Knee.<\/p><p>P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b ve stejn\u00e9 dob\u011b vznikla Native American Church, kter\u00e1 spojuje ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kaktusu peyotl s k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdmi prvky a dnes je uzn\u00e1van\u00fdm nadregion\u00e1ln\u00edm n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm spole\u010denstv\u00edm.<\/p><p>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed situace se zlep\u0161ila a\u017e ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed. Ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech postavil z\u00e1kon American Indian Religious Freedom Act z roku 1978 svobodn\u00e9 vyzn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed v\u00fdslovn\u011b pod ochranu, i kdy\u017e praktick\u00e9 prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159\u00edstup k posv\u00e1tn\u00fdm m\u00edst\u016fm, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 sporn\u00e9.<\/p><p>Od 70. let 20. stolet\u00ed lze pozorovat \u0161irok\u00e9 o\u017eiven\u00ed. N\u00e1rody provozuj\u00ed jazykov\u00e9 programy, obnovuj\u00ed ob\u0159ady a po\u017eaduj\u00ed navr\u00e1cen\u00ed sakr\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a ostatk\u016f p\u0159edk\u016f z muze\u00ed.<\/p><p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se mnoh\u00e1 spole\u010denstv\u00ed jasn\u011b ohrazuj\u00ed proti komer\u010dn\u00edmu zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jejich n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed ze strany outsider\u016f. Odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed pohled tedy ukazuje domorod\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Severn\u00ed Ameriky jako \u017eivou p\u0159\u00edtomnost, kterou nesou samostatn\u00e9 n\u00e1rody, a nikoli jako uzav\u0159enou historickou kapitolu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgha-nativeameric-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgha-nativeameric-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgha-nativeameric-h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgha-nativeameric-h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bytosti t\u00e9to tradice (10)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgha-nativeameric-gc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgha-nativeameric-gc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgha-nativeameric-grid elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgha-nativeameric-grid\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-wesen-grid\"><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/changing-woman-bohyne-zivotniho-cyklu-navahu\/\" aria-label=\"Changing Woman \u2013 bohyn\u011b \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu Navah\u016f\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_native-american_changing-woman-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Changing Woman \u2013 bohyn\u011b \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu Navah\u016f\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Changing Woman \u2013 bohyn\u011b \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu Navah\u016f<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/coyote-trickster-severoamerickych-indianu\/\" aria-label=\"Coyote \u2013 Trickster severoamerick\u00fdch indi\u00e1n\u016f\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_coyote-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Coyote \u2013 Trickster severoamerick\u00fdch indi\u00e1n\u016f\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Coyote \u2013 Trickster severoamerick\u00fdch indi\u00e1n\u016f<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/iktomi-trickster-pavouci-duch-lakotu\/\" aria-label=\"Iktomi \u2013 trickster a pavou\u010d\u00ed duch Lakot\u016f\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_iktomi-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Iktomi \u2013 trickster a pavou\u010d\u00ed duch Lakot\u016f\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Iktomi \u2013 trickster a pavou\u010d\u00ed duch Lakot\u016f<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/kacina-duchovni-pomocnici-hopiu\/\" aria-label=\"Ka\u010dina \u2013 duchovn\u00ed pomocn\u00edci Hopi\u016f a pueblsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_kachina-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Ka\u010dina \u2013 duchovn\u00ed pomocn\u00edci Hopi\u016f a pueblsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Ka\u010dina \u2013 duchovn\u00ed pomocn\u00edci Hopi\u016f a pueblsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/spider-grandmother-babicka-stvoritelka\/\" aria-label=\"Spider Grandmother \u2013 babi\u010dka stvo\u0159itelka n\u00e1rod\u016f Pueblo\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_native-american_spider-grandmother-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Spider Grandmother \u2013 babi\u010dka stvo\u0159itelka n\u00e1rod\u016f Pueblo\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Spider Grandmother \u2013 babi\u010dka stvo\u0159itelka n\u00e1rod\u016f Pueblo<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/thunderbird-hromovy-ptak-indianu\/\" aria-label=\"Thunderbird \u2013 Hromov\u00fd pt\u00e1k severoamerick\u00fdch indi\u00e1n\u016f\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_native-american_thunderbird-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Thunderbird \u2013 Hromov\u00fd pt\u00e1k severoamerick\u00fdch indi\u00e1n\u016f\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Thunderbird \u2013 Hromov\u00fd pt\u00e1k severoamerick\u00fdch indi\u00e1n\u016f<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/tunkasila-dedecek-nebe-lakotu\/\" aria-label=\"Tunkasila \u2013 D\u011bde\u010dek Nebe u Lakot\u016f\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_native-american_tunkasila-grossvater-himmel-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Tunkasila \u2013 D\u011bde\u010dek Nebe u Lakot\u016f\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Tunkasila \u2013 D\u011bde\u010dek Nebe u Lakot\u016f<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/wakan-tanka-velka-svata-sila-lakotu\/\" aria-label=\"Wakan Tanka \u2013 Velk\u00e1 svat\u00e1 s\u00edla Lakot\u016f\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_native-american_wakan-tanka-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Wakan Tanka \u2013 Velk\u00e1 svat\u00e1 s\u00edla Lakot\u016f\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Wakan Tanka \u2013 Velk\u00e1 svat\u00e1 s\u00edla Lakot\u016f<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/wendigo-kanibalsky-duch-lesnich-narodu\/\" aria-label=\"Wendigo \u2013 kanibalsk\u00fd duch severoamerick\u00fdch lesn\u00edch n\u00e1rod\u016f\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_wendigo-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Wendigo \u2013 kanibalsk\u00fd duch severoamerick\u00fdch lesn\u00edch n\u00e1rod\u016f\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Wendigo \u2013 kanibalsk\u00fd duch severoamerick\u00fdch lesn\u00edch n\u00e1rod\u016f<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/white-buffalo-calf-woman-lakota\/\" aria-label=\"White Buffalo Calf Woman \u2013 svat\u00e1 \u017eena Lakot\u016f\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_white-buffalo-calf-woman-200x300.webp\" alt=\"White Buffalo Calf Woman \u2013 svat\u00e1 \u017eena Lakot\u016f\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">White Buffalo Calf Woman \u2013 svat\u00e1 \u017eena Lakot\u016f<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-kwd-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-kwd-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Lakota Hopi Navajo Din\u00e9 Cherokee Haida Tlingit Inuit Manitou Wakan Tanka Sun Dance Vision Quest Medicine Bundle Dreamcatcher Kachina.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-native-american\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty v t\u00e9to kulturn\u00ed tradici<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Domorod\u00e9 tradice Severn\u00ed Ameriky, Lakota, Hopi, Navajo a mnoh\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed, znaj\u00ed medic\u00ednov\u00e9 svazky (Medicine Bundle), lapa\u010de sn\u016f, orl\u00ed pera a feti\u0161e zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch duch\u016f z kamene jako nositeln\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty; vysoce cen\u011bn\u00e9 jsou tak\u00e9 turkysov\u00e9 \u0161perky jihoz\u00e1padn\u00edch Pueblo.<\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard se do t\u00e9to kulturn\u011b historick\u00e9 linie nositeln\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f zapojuje v soudob\u00e9 materi\u00e1lov\u00e9 architektu\u0159e, vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 v N\u011bmecku. 41 vrstev, ryz\u00ed zlato, platina, st\u0159\u00edbro. 30denn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na vr\u00e1cen\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=kultur-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti se mohou li\u0161it. Nejedn\u00e1 se o zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek. Nen\u00ed slibem l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-nativeamer-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgcn-nativeamer-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nen\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek<\/strong> a nenahrazuje l\u00e9ka\u0159skou ani psychoterapeutickou l\u00e9\u010dbu. Religionistick\u00fd obsah p\u0159edstavuje kulturn\u011b-historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed, nikoli doporu\u010den\u00ed duchovn\u00ed praxe.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgssrev-nativeamerican e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgssrev-nativeamerican\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgssrev-nativeamerican-h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgssrev-nativeamerican-h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e9 symboly z domorod\u00fdch kultur Severn\u00ed Ameriky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgssrev-nativeamerican-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgssrev-nativeamerican-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lexikon ochrann\u00fdch symbol\u016f se v\u011bnuje n\u011bkolika znak\u016fm a p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016fm z domorod\u00fdch kultur Severn\u00ed Ameriky na vlastn\u00edch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch: <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145658\">Lapa\u010d sn\u016f<\/a>. P\u0159ehled nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d kulturami nab\u00edz\u00ed str\u00e1nka o <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145429\">ochrann\u00fdch symbolech<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2703,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"indi\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed bohov\u00e9","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Indi\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed bohov\u00e9 - Lakotov\u00e9, Hopiov\u00e9 a First Nations","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Bohov\u00e9 indigenn\u00edch n\u00e1rod\u016f Severn\u00ed Ameriky: Wakan Tanka (Lakotov\u00e9), Manitou (Algonkinov\u00e9), Awonawilona (Zuniov\u00e9). Tanec slunce, ob\u0159ad d\u00fdmky a trickster Kojot.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145437","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Indi\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed bohov\u00e9 - Lakotov\u00e9, Hopiov\u00e9 a First Nations<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bohov\u00e9 indigenn\u00edch n\u00e1rod\u016f Severn\u00ed Ameriky: Wakan Tanka (Lakotov\u00e9), Manitou (Algonkinov\u00e9), Awonawilona (Zuniov\u00e9). 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