{"id":145352,"date":"2026-09-03T16:29:29","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:29:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145352"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:53:43","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:53:43","slug":"hwanung","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/hwanung\/","title":{"rendered":"Hwanung"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145352\" class=\"elementor elementor-145352 elementor-2113 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hwanung, b\u016fh korejsk\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hwanung je bohem nebes a zem\u011b v korejsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span>, syn nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho nebesk\u00e9ho boha Haneul-nima. V Samguk yusa je popisov\u00e1n jako bytost, kter\u00e1 sestoupila na zem, aby zalo\u017eila kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed. Jeho uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zt\u011bles\u0148uje zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi kosmick\u00fdmi a pozemsk\u00fdmi silami. V korejsk\u00e9 zakladatelsk\u00e9 pov\u011bsti vystupuje jako nebesk\u00fd syn, kter\u00fd zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 pouto mezi nebem a zem\u00ed.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh \/ bohyn\u011b: Zosobn\u011bn\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc v panteonu ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury s jasn\u011b vymezen\u00fdmi oblastmi p\u016fsobnosti, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edly, osud, v\u00e1lka, plodnost. Uct\u00edv\u00e1ni prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kult\u016f, ob\u011bt\u00ed a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch instituc\u00ed.\">B\u016fh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145187\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Korejsk\u00fd sv\u011bt boh\u016f, \u0161aman\u016f a lidov\u00fdch duch\u016f.\">Korea<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145234\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bohov\u00e9 panteonu, kosmick\u00e1 svrchovanost, aspekt stvo\u0159itele nebo vl\u00e1dce.\">Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bo\u017estvo<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_korea_hwanung-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147607\" alt=\"Hwanung - bohov\u00e9 z korejsk\u00e9 tradice, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_korea_hwanung-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_korea_hwanung-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_korea_hwanung-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_korea_hwanung.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hwanung<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hwanung je zobrazov\u00e1n jako nebesk\u00e1 bytost, kter\u00e1 na prosbu tygra a medv\u011bda sestoupila na zem, aby ji civilizovala. Spojil se s medv\u011bd\u00ed bohyn\u00ed Ungnyeo a zplodil tak Danguna, zakladatele Gojoseonu.<\/p><p>Hwanung vystupuje jako b\u016fh obd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011b, civilizace a nadp\u0159irozen\u00e9ho v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed. Jeho m\u00fdty vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00ed o p\u0159inesen\u00ed kosmick\u00e9ho v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed na zem a o zaveden\u00ed bo\u017esk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du mezi lidmi. Na rozd\u00edl od \u010dist\u011b nebesk\u00fdch boh\u016f vykon\u00e1v\u00e1 Hwanung aktivn\u00ed vl\u00e1du nad pozemsk\u00fdmi \u0159\u00ed\u0161emi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159ehled: Hwanung<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hwanungova <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pou\u010dn\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed, zpravidla o \u017eivot\u011b svat\u00fdch.\" tabindex=\"0\">legenda<\/span> je tradov\u00e1na v Samguk yusa mnicha Iryona (1281), pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v\u0161ak poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze star\u0161\u00edch protokorejsk\u00fdch pramen\u016f. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o sestupu nebesk\u00e9ho boha a jeho spojen\u00ed s medv\u011bdic\u00ed je v Koreji roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en region\u00e1ln\u011b.<\/p><p>James H. Grayson zmi\u0148uje Hwanunga ve sv\u00e9 historii korejsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed jako kl\u00ed\u010dovou postavu zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi nebem a zem\u00ed. Jeho uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je m\u00e9n\u011b personalizovan\u00e9 ne\u017e uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Danguna, ale teologicky je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro kosmick\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mezi ud\u00e1lostmi, kter\u00e9 m\u00fdtus popisuje, a jeho z\u00e1pisem v Samguk Yusa ve 13. stolet\u00ed le\u017e\u00ed podle samotn\u00e9ho vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed tis\u00edcilet\u00ed, a p\u0159esto se l\u00e1tka zachovala. Hwanung je v Koreji p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd i dnes: sv\u00e1tek Gaecheonjeol, slaven\u00fd 3. \u0159\u00edjna, p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 sestup nebesk\u00e9ho prince, a hora Taebaek je st\u00e1le pova\u017eov\u00e1na za m\u00edsto, kde se to odehr\u00e1lo. Vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed se prom\u011bnilo z m\u00fdtu o zalo\u017een\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e v n\u00e1rodn\u00ed vzpom\u00ednkovou l\u00e1tku, jeho j\u00e1dro v\u0161ak z\u016fstalo stejn\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hwanung nebyl omezen na ur\u010dit\u00fd region nebo lokalitu, ale byl zn\u00e1m a uct\u00edv\u00e1n, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b s respektem ob\u00e1v\u00e1n, v cel\u00e9m korejsk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. A\u0165 ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch centrech nebo na okraji venkovsk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, a\u0165 u spole\u010densk\u00e9 elity nebo u prost\u00e9ho lidu, duchovn\u00ed i kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdznam t\u00e9to entity byl uzn\u00e1v\u00e1n jednotn\u011b a v\u0161eobecn\u011b.<\/p><p>Hwanung\u016fv m\u00fdtus nez\u016fstal jen m\u00edstn\u00ed horskou p\u0159\u00edhodou: jako sou\u010d\u00e1st Dangunova vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed se stal zakladatelsk\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem Koreje, tedy l\u00e1tkou, d\u00edky n\u00ed\u017e si cel\u00fd n\u00e1rod potvrzoval sv\u016fj p\u016fvod. Samguk Yusa zajistilo jednotnou p\u00edsemnou podobu a st\u00e1tn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek Gaecheonjeol pak vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il do v\u0161ech \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed zem\u011b. Proto je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o nebesk\u00e9m princi na ho\u0159e Taebaek dodnes zn\u00e1m v cel\u00e9 Koreji v t\u00e9\u017ee z\u00e1kladn\u00ed podob\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hwanung je dokumentov\u00e1n v Samguk yusa, nejvlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm textu korejsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span> (Iryon, 1281). Dal\u0161\u00ed zm\u00ednky se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00fdch historick\u00fdch d\u00edlech, jako je Goryeosa (D\u011bjiny Goryeo) a Dongguk yeoji seungnam. Mytolog\u00e9m nebesk\u00e9ho sestupu spojuje kosmologick\u00e9 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy (nebe jako nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed s\u00edla) s korejsk\u00fdmi p\u0159edkovsk\u00fdmi m\u00fdty.<\/p><p>Religionist\u00e9 jako David A. Mason zkoumaj\u00ed Hwanunga jako spojuj\u00edc\u00ed postavu mezi \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdmi modely <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159edstava o uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologie<\/span> a samostatn\u00fdmi korejsk\u00fdmi tradicemi. Yi Sang-ok a Kim Tae-gon jej poj\u00edmaj\u00ed jako archaick\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>, jeho\u017e funkce byly pozd\u011bji p\u0159eneseny na specializovan\u00e1 bo\u017estva.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hwanung je v r\u016fzn\u00fdch pramenech a um\u011bleck\u00fdch tradic\u00edch zobrazov\u00e1n s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi opakuj\u00edc\u00edmi se ikonografick\u00fdmi prvky, kter\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed relativn\u011b konstantn\u00ed po desetilet\u00ed a nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d r\u016fzn\u00fdmi geografick\u00fdmi oblastmi. Tyto prvky jsou hluboce symbolicky k\u00f3dovan\u00e9 a nesou velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam; nejsou zvoleny \u010dist\u011b dekorativn\u011b ani n\u00e1hodn\u011b.<\/p><p>Vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed v Samguk Yusa vybavuje Hwanunga jasn\u011b vymezen\u00fdmi znaky jeho postaven\u00ed: od sv\u00e9ho otce Hwanina obdr\u017e\u00ed t\u0159i nebesk\u00e9 pe\u010deti jako znak vl\u00e1dy, se 3000 pr\u016fvodci sestupuje na horu Taebaek a duchov\u00e9 v\u011btru, de\u0161t\u011b a mrak\u016f mu jsou k slu\u017eb\u00e1m. Kdo m\u00fdtus znal, vy\u010detl z toho jeho p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost: Hwanung jako syn nebesk\u00e9ho boha uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1v\u00e1 lidsk\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti, od zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed p\u0159es nemoc a\u017e po trest a mravnost. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z t\u011bchto prvk\u016f, pe\u010deti, pr\u016fvod, duchov\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed, pat\u0159\u00ed pevn\u011b k tradovan\u00e9mu obrazu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Povahov\u00e9 rysy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hwanung m\u011bl z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam v n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 praxi, ka\u017edodenn\u00edch ritu\u00e1lech a v\u0161eobecn\u00e9m ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed Koreje. Lid\u00e9 se k t\u00e9to entit\u011b obraceli v kritick\u00fdch nebo ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00edch situac\u00edch, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v ur\u010dit\u00fdch ritu\u00e1ln\u00edch obdob\u00edch roku, se strukturovan\u00fdmi, \u010dasto n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdmi ob\u0159ady, modlitbami nebo ob\u011btinami.<\/p><p>Tradice o Hwanungovi byla zaznamen\u00e1na p\u00edsemn\u011b, nikoli pouze p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1na \u00fastn\u011b: mnich Iryeon ji ve 13. stolet\u00ed za\u0159adil do d\u00edla Samguk Jusa a vych\u00e1zel p\u0159i tom ze star\u0161\u00edch pramen\u016f. M\u00fdtus o nebesk\u00e9m princi je tak zachycen nejen v \u00fastn\u00ed vyprav\u011b\u010dsk\u00e9 tradici, ale i v u\u010den\u00e9, buddhisticky ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 sb\u00edrce.<\/p><p>Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee se m\u00fdtus o Hwanungovi, kter\u00fd Iryeon zapsal ve 13. stolet\u00ed v Samguk Jusa, vypr\u00e1v\u00ed a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti, dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 jeho pevn\u00e9 m\u00edsto v korejsk\u00e9 tradici. Funkce nebesk\u00e9ho prince jsou uvedeny p\u0159\u00edmo v textu: p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed lidem \u0159\u00e1d v 360 z\u00e1le\u017eitostech, mimo jin\u00e9 v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed nemoc\u00ed, soudnictv\u00ed a rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed dobra a zla. Jako otec Danguna zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 tak\u00e9 linii, z n\u00ed\u017e se odvozuje vznik prvn\u00edho korejsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Hwanung<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Profil ukazuje Hwanunga v \u0161esti perspektiv\u00e1ch: geografick\u00fd a mytologick\u00fd p\u016fvod, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed skupiny uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, ikonografick\u00e9 rysy, ochrann\u00e9 aspekty a kultovn\u00ed paralely. Tyto dimenze zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed jeho roli prost\u0159edn\u00edka mezi nebem a zem\u00ed i mezi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologi\u00ed<\/span> a st\u00e1tn\u00edm n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fvod<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hwanung je popisov\u00e1n jako syn nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho nebesk\u00e9ho boha Haneul-nima, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b Nefritov\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e (pod \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm vlivem). Jeho sestup je \u010dasov\u011b vymezen jen v\u00e1gn\u011b, ale geograficky je spojen s Korejsk\u00fdm poloostrovem a jeho severn\u00edm z\u00e1zem\u00edm (Mand\u017euskem).<\/p><p>Legend\u00e1rn\u00edm m\u00edstem jeho sestupu je hora Tch\u00e4b\u00e4k nebo Pektusan. Mytologick\u00e9 datov\u00e1n\u00ed je prehistorick\u00e9; z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska je tato <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pou\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, obvykle o \u017eivot\u011b svat\u00fdch.\" tabindex=\"0\">legenda<\/span> ch\u00e1p\u00e1na jako kosmologick\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na zalo\u017een\u00ed kosmick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du, nikoli na historick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vztahuje se na<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hwanunga uct\u00edvali kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed, \u0161amani a vzd\u011blan\u00e1 elita, kte\u0159\u00ed se zab\u00fdvali kosmick\u00fdmi ot\u00e1zkami. Jeho uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bylo m\u00e9n\u011b lidov\u00e9 ne\u017e u jin\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch duch\u016f a sp\u00ed\u0161e bylo sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed u\u010deneck\u00e9ho a kn\u011b\u017esk\u00e9ho kultu.<\/p><p>V pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch obdob\u00edch byla jeho postava za\u010dlen\u011bna do konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159edstava o stavb\u011b a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologie<\/span>, co\u017e omezilo jeho uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed na elitn\u00ed kruhy. Dnes je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm liter\u00e1rn\u00ed a n\u00e1rodn\u00ed mytologickou postavou bez aktivn\u00edho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho bo\u017estva nebo svat\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span>, ale s kulturn\u00ed presti\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hwanungova podoba<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hwanung je v ran\u00fdch zobrazen\u00edch vyobrazen jako z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00e1 nebesk\u00e1 bytost s glori\u00ed, \u010dasto v barevn\u00fdch rouch\u00e1ch odkazuj\u00edc\u00edch na bo\u017esk\u00e9 sf\u00e9ry. Mezi jeho atributy pat\u0159\u00ed nebesk\u00e1 pe\u010de\u0165, \u017eezlo nebo h\u016fl s kosmick\u00fdmi symboly (slunce, m\u011bs\u00edc, hv\u011bzdy).<\/p><p>V pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch obrazech se podob\u00e1 vzne\u0161en\u00e9, androgynn\u00ed bytosti s nadp\u0159irozen\u00fdm vyza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm. Po jeho boku je \u010dasto zobrazena medv\u011bdice (Ungnjo), symbolizuj\u00edc\u00ed spojen\u00ed a vznik Danguna. R\u00e1muj\u00ed ho nebesk\u00e9 krajiny s horami a mraky.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>Oblast p\u016fsoben\u00ed:<\/strong> Hwanung je v korejsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span> synem nebesk\u00e9ho boha Hwanina a otcem kr\u00e1le Danguna. Zt\u011bles\u0148uje prost\u0159edn\u00edka mezi nebem a zem\u00ed, \u201epoutn\u00edka mezi sv\u011bty&#8220;, kter\u00fd sestupuje z nebesk\u00e9 sf\u00e9ry, aby p\u016fsobil mezi lidmi. Jeho moc se vztahuje na plodnost, mudrost a zalo\u017een\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 civilizace. Samguk Jusa popisuje jeho sestup a spojen\u00ed s medv\u011bdic\u00ed Ungnjo, co\u017e symbolizuje splynut\u00ed bo\u017esk\u00e9 a pozemsk\u00e9 p\u0159irozenosti. Jeho p\u016fsoben\u00ed se projevuje v civilizaci zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed mudrosti a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ud\u011blen\u00ed blaha a ochrany, \u010dasto v pevn\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 form\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> pro zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e9 prost\u0159edky<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hwanung je dobrodinn\u00e1 bytost, nikoli \u0161kodliv\u00e1. Jeho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho bo\u017estva nebo svat\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> zahrnoval tradi\u010dn\u00ed ob\u0159ady uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed na horsk\u00fdch svatyn\u00edch, zejm\u00e9na na Pektusanu a Tch\u00e4b\u00e4ku. \u0160amani Hwanunga vz\u00fdvali, aby zachovali kosmickou harmonii a zajistili plodnost.<\/p><p>Na rozd\u00edl od ochrann\u00fdch ob\u0159ad\u016f proti zl\u00fdm duch\u016fm prob\u00edhalo uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Hwanunga formou \u00facty a proseb o kosmick\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d. Respekt se udr\u017eoval prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm horsk\u00fdch ob\u011btin a modliteb, m\u00e9n\u011b prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm apotropaick\u00fdch praktik.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hwanungovy paralely<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Srovnateln\u00ed jsou dal\u0161\u00ed bohov\u00e9 kosmick\u00e9ho prost\u0159ednictv\u00ed: \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd Nefritov\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 jako prost\u0159edn\u00edk mezi nebem a zem\u00ed, japon\u0161t\u00ed Izanagi a Izanami jako prvotn\u00ed stvo\u0159itel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed ustanovuj\u00ed zemi a \u0159\u00e1d, a indick\u00fd Indra jako kr\u00e1l boh\u016f, kter\u00fd zasahuje do sv\u011bta.<\/p><p>V\u0161em je spole\u010dn\u00e1 funkce kosmick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm aktivn\u00ed intervence a zesv\u011bt\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bo\u017esk\u00e9ho d\u00edky kontaktu s pozemsk\u00fdm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrana v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ritu\u00e1ly a uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Hwanung byl uct\u00edv\u00e1n jako prost\u0159edn\u00edk, ritu\u00e1ly se konaly na hor\u00e1ch (jako je Paekdu, nejsv\u011bt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hora). \u0160amanky mudang provozovaly tane\u010dn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly, aby si vyprosily Hwanungovo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Zasl\u00edben\u00ed blaha a ochrany, \u010dasto v pevn\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 form\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> pro \u00farodu. P\u0159echodov\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly (nap\u0159. svatby) se odvol\u00e1valy na Hwanungovo spojen\u00ed s Ungnyeo jako na svat\u00fd vzor.<\/p><p><strong>Za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00ed a vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Klasick\u00e9 formule zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed jeho zprost\u0159edkuj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad: \u201eHwanungu, poslu mezi nebem a zem\u00ed, po\u017eehnej na\u0161\u00ed zemi.\u201c Kn\u011b\u017eky p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ely ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed zp\u011bvy vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed o Hwanungov\u011b sestupu. Jedno dochovan\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed osloven\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo s\u00edly.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> zn\u00ed: \u201eSynu nebes, dej n\u00e1m mudrost a hojnost.\u201c<\/p><p><strong>Amulety a ochrann\u00e9 symboly<\/strong><\/p><p>Nebesk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> (naho\u0159e b\u00edl\u00fd, dole tmav\u00fd) v tradi\u010dn\u00edch vzorech <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"No\u0161en\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt, kter\u00e9mu je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n ochrann\u00fd, ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed odvracej\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulet\u016f<\/span> p\u0159edstavuje Hwanungovo postaven\u00ed. Horsk\u00e9 svatyn\u011b zobrazovaly symboly p\u0159echodu (schody, mosty). \u017deny nosily amulety plodnosti s motivy nebesk\u00fdch posl\u016f.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hwanung, paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u017didovsk\u00e1 tradice:<\/strong> V judaismu existuje \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e1 obdoba v Bo\u017e\u00edm sestupu k stvo\u0159en\u00ed sv\u011bta a jeho komunikaci s lidstvem. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b relevantn\u00ed je postava <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"U Herakleita kosmick\u00fd princip rozumu; u Fil\u00f3na a v Janov\u011b evangeliu tvo\u0159iv\u00e1 bytost Bo\u017e\u00ed.\">Logu<\/span> nebo \u0160echiny (Bo\u017e\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti), kter\u00e1 p\u016fsob\u00ed jako zprost\u0159edkuj\u00edc\u00ed bo\u017esk\u00e1 s\u00edla. Na rozd\u00edl od Hwanunga je tato ch\u00e1p\u00e1na jako atribut nebo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"V novoplat\u00f3nsk\u00e9 a kabalistick\u00e9 teologii vych\u00e1zen\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch \u00farovn\u00ed byt\u00ed z Jednoho.\">emanace<\/span>, chyb\u00ed personifikace jako Bo\u017e\u00ed syn.<\/p><p><strong>\u0158ecko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd sv\u011bt:<\/strong> Zeus a demiurg (u Plat\u00f3na) se Hwanungovi podobaj\u00ed svou rol\u00ed kosmick\u00e9ho uspo\u0159adatele. Zeus aktivn\u011b zasahuje do pozemsk\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed a spojen\u00edm se smrtelnicemi (Dana\u00e9, L\u00e9da) plod\u00ed nov\u00e9 bytosti. Demiurg tvo\u0159\u00ed nebo uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1v\u00e1 hmotn\u00fd sv\u011bt podle vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch princip\u016f. Oba jsou prost\u0159edn\u00edky mezi ide\u00e1ln\u00edm (nebesk\u00fdm) a re\u00e1ln\u00fdm (pozemsk\u00fdm) uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p><p><strong>Mezopot\u00e1mie:<\/strong> Akkadsk\u00fd Enlil jako b\u016fh vzduchu a vl\u00e1dce pozemsk\u00fdch osud\u016f odpov\u00edd\u00e1 Hwanungov\u011b roli. Enlil aktivn\u011b zasahuje, aby vytvo\u0159il a zachoval po\u0159\u00e1dek.<\/p><p>Tak\u00e9 Marduk (Babylon) je zobrazov\u00e1n jako kosmick\u00fd uspo\u0159adatel, kter\u00fd sv\u00fdm jedn\u00e1n\u00edm strukturuje a \u0159\u00edd\u00ed sv\u011bt. Spole\u010dnou funkc\u00ed je zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi kosmick\u00fdmi principy a pozemskou skute\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/p><p><strong>Indie\/Asie:<\/strong> V indick\u00e9 tradici se Hwanung podob\u00e1 Brahmovi jako stvo\u0159iteli nebo Indrovi jako uspo\u0159adateli sv\u011bta. V tibetsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159edstava o uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologii<\/span> existuj\u00ed podobn\u00e9 zprost\u0159edkuj\u00edc\u00ed postavy mezi \u010distou bo\u017eskou sf\u00e9rou a hmotn\u00fdm projevem. V \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenskofilozofick\u00e1 tradice orientovan\u00e1 na Tao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoismu<\/span> by srovnatelnou roli hr\u00e1l \u201eNejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010dist\u00fd\u201c nebo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"V novoplat\u00f3nsk\u00e9 a kabalistick\u00e9 teologii vych\u00e1zen\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch \u00farovn\u00ed byt\u00ed z Jednoho.\">emanace<\/span> Tao.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp443cad9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp443cad9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpeb7854a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpeb7854a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hwanung v dangunsk\u00e9m zakladatelsk\u00e9m m\u00fdtu: sestup z nebes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1dde6c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp1dde6c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe5c1894 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpe5c1894\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hwanung je kl\u00ed\u010dovou postavou korejsk\u00e9ho zakladatelsk\u00e9ho m\u00fdtu, jak jej zachycuje <em>Samguk jusa<\/em>, \u201eZanechan\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy t\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed\u201c, kter\u00e9 ve 13. stolet\u00ed sestavil buddhistick\u00fd mnich Iryeon.<\/p><p>Podle tohoto pod\u00e1n\u00ed je Hwanung synem nebesk\u00e9ho vl\u00e1dce <em>Hwanina<\/em>. Hwanung hled\u00ed z nebes na sv\u011bt lid\u00ed a p\u0159eje si v n\u011bm p\u016fsobit. Jeho otec toto p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed rozpozn\u00e1 a p\u0159enech\u00e1 mu zemi k uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p><p>Hwanung sestupuje se sv\u00fdm doprovodem na horu, v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1van\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span> je to hora <em>Tch\u00e4b\u00e4k<\/em>, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b na m\u00edsto pod svat\u00fdm sant\u00e1lov\u00fdm stromem. Tam zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 \u201ebo\u017esk\u00e9 m\u011bsto\u201c a p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1 vl\u00e1du nad sv\u011btem lid\u00ed.<\/p><p>Podstatn\u00e9 je, \u017ee s sebou p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed t\u0159i nebesk\u00e9 pe\u010deti a doprovod t\u0159\u00ed tis\u00edc bytost\u00ed, a rovn\u011b\u017e vl\u00e1dce v\u011btru, de\u0161t\u011b a mrak\u016f. T\u00edmto apar\u00e1tem podle textu upravuje t\u0159i sta \u0161edes\u00e1t lidsk\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, mezi nimi zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, d\u00e9lku \u017eivota, nemoc, trest a rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed dobra a zla.<\/p><p>Hwanung tak nen\u00ed stvo\u0159itelem v p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9m slova smyslu, n\u00fdbr\u017e kulturn\u00edm zakladatelem a p\u0159ina\u0161e\u010dem \u0159\u00e1du. Sv\u011bt nestvo\u0159il, ale u\u010dinil jej obyvateln\u00fdm a uspo\u0159\u00e1dal lidsk\u00e9 sou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p><p>Badatel\u00e9 upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee tento m\u00fdtus nese typick\u00e9 rysy legitimiza\u010dn\u00edho m\u00fdtu vl\u00e1dy: \u0159\u00e1d sv\u011bta se odvozuje od nebesk\u00e9ho syna, a t\u00edm je i pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pozemsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da, kterou odvozuje Hwanung\u016fv syn <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145353\">Dangun<\/a>, zakotvena v nebes\u00edch. Hwanung\u016fv sestup je mytick\u00fdm z\u00e1kladem, na n\u011bm\u017e stoj\u00ed cel\u00e9 korejsk\u00e9 zakladatelsk\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp755269f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp755269f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp74605f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp74605f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Epizoda s medv\u011bdic\u00ed a tygrem a narozen\u00ed Danguna<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe1d7967 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpe1d7967\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf5486ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpf5486ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span> je zkou\u0161ka prom\u011bny medv\u011bda a tygra. Podle <em>Samguk Yusa<\/em> se medv\u011bd a tygr obr\u00e1t\u00ed na Hwanunga s p\u0159\u00e1n\u00edm st\u00e1t se lidmi. Hwanung jim d\u00e1 svat\u00e9 stonky pely\u0148ku a dvacet strou\u017ek\u016f \u010desneku a p\u0159ik\u00e1\u017ee jim, aby je jedli a sto dn\u00ed se vyh\u00fdbali slune\u010dn\u00edmu sv\u011btlu.<\/p><p>Tygr nevydr\u017e\u00ed od\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00ed a opust\u00ed jeskyni. Medv\u011bd v\u0161ak vytrv\u00e1 a po p\u0159edepsan\u00e9 dob\u011b, v textu po jedenadvaceti dnech, se prom\u011bn\u00ed v \u017eenu, <em>Ungnyeo<\/em>, \u201emedv\u011bd\u00ed \u017eenu\u201c.<\/p><p>Ungnyeo v\u0161ak nenajde partnera a pod svat\u00fdm stromem se modl\u00ed za d\u00edt\u011b. Hwanung na to na \u010das p\u0159ijme lidskou podobu, o\u017een\u00ed se s n\u00ed a ona porod\u00ed syna: Danguna Wanggeoma, mytick\u00e9ho zakladatele prvn\u00edho korejsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu <em>Gojoseonu<\/em>.<\/p><p>Tato epizoda je z n\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistorick\u00e9ho hlediska mnohovrstevn\u00e1. Zkou\u0161ka prom\u011bny nese jasn\u00e9 rysy inicia\u010dn\u00edho ritu\u00e1lu: odchod do temnoty jeskyn\u011b, p\u016fst, od\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00ed, osv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed a znovuzrozen\u00ed v nov\u00e9 podob\u011b. Badatel\u00e9 v n\u00ed tak\u00e9 spat\u0159uj\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fd odraz totemick\u00fdch p\u0159edstav, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e medv\u011bd hraje zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed roli.<\/p><p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je konstelace, kterou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed: Dangun v sob\u011b spojuje nebesk\u00fd p\u016fvod, prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Hwanunga, a pozemsk\u00fd, zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed p\u016fvod, prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm medv\u011bd\u00ed \u017eeny. Toto spojen\u00ed nebe a zem\u011b, bo\u017esk\u00e9 a pozemsk\u00e9 sf\u00e9ry, je mytick\u00fdm z\u00e1kladem v\u00fdsadn\u00edho postaven\u00ed korejsk\u00e9ho vl\u00e1dnouc\u00edho rodu a v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku i korejsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda v sebepochopen\u00ed t\u00e9to tradice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp418c944 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp418c944\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp973dc99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp973dc99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hongik Ingan: heslo o prosp\u011bchu lidstva<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa2719df e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa2719df\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp64bb860 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp64bb860\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kr\u00e1tk\u00fd v\u00fdraz z Hwanungova <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span> z\u00edskal v korejsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch my\u0161len\u00ed v\u00fdznam, kter\u00fd d\u00e1vno p\u0159esahuje samotn\u00fd text: <em>Hongik Ingan<\/em>, obvykle p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1no jako \u201evelk\u00fd prosp\u011bch lidem\u201c nebo \u201ep\u0159in\u00e9st lidstvu v\u0161estrann\u00e9 dobro\u201c.<\/p><p>V <em>Samguk Yusa<\/em> je to z\u00e1m\u011br, kter\u00fdm Hwanung, respektive jeho otec Hwanin, od\u016fvod\u0148uje sestup na zemi. Syn nebes nep\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed vl\u00e1dnout, ale prosp\u00edvat lidem.<\/p><p>Z tohoto stru\u010dn\u00e9ho mytick\u00e9ho od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed se ve 20. stolet\u00ed stalo st\u00e1tn\u00ed a kulturn\u00ed v\u016fd\u010d\u00ed princip. <em>Hongik Ingan<\/em> byl po osvobozen\u00ed Koreje pov\u00fd\u0161en na deklarovanou v\u016fd\u010d\u00ed my\u0161lenku n\u00e1rodn\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a dodnes plat\u00ed za z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pedagogick\u00fd ide\u00e1l. Toto r\u010den\u00ed se objevuje ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch politick\u00fdch dokumentech a utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed sebepojet\u00ed jako humanisticky orientovan\u00e9.<\/p><p>Tato d\u011bjinn\u00e1 p\u016fsobnost je z n\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistorick\u00e9ho hlediska pou\u010dn\u00e1. Ukazuje, jak se jedin\u00e1 v\u011bta ze st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 sb\u00edrky m\u00fdt\u016f m\u016f\u017ee v modern\u00ed dob\u011b st\u00e1t nositelem n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identity. Badatel\u00e9 p\u0159i tom kriticky zkoumaj\u00ed, do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry modern\u00ed v\u00fdklad odpov\u00edd\u00e1 p\u016fvodn\u00edmu textov\u00e9mu kontextu a do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry jej naopak nov\u011b vykl\u00e1d\u00e1 z pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pot\u0159eb.<\/p><p>Nesporn\u00e9 je, \u017ee Hwanung\u016fv <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> d\u00edky <em>Hongik Ingan<\/em> z\u00edskal etick\u00e9 j\u00e1dro, kter\u00e9 jej odli\u0161uje od pouh\u00e9ho m\u00fdtu legitimizuj\u00edc\u00edho vl\u00e1du. Hwanung se v tomto pojet\u00ed jev\u00ed jako zakladatel \u0159\u00e1du zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho na obecn\u00e9 dobro, obrazu dobyvatele je vzd\u00e1len.<\/p><p>Zda byl tento d\u016fraz vlastn\u00ed ji\u017e Iryeonovu textu, nebo jej teprve vypracovalo modern\u00ed p\u0159ijet\u00ed, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159edm\u011btem v\u011bdeck\u00e9 debaty.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp83a61d6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp83a61d6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb717f9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpb717f9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kritika pramen\u016f: Samguk Yusa a st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed m\u00fdtu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc9e81a4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpc9e81a4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp86f522d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp86f522d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ot\u00e1zka, jak star\u00fd je hwanungsk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> ve skute\u010dnosti je, pat\u0159\u00ed k nejobt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m korejsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch d\u011bjin a vy\u017eaduje st\u0159\u00edzlivou kritiku pramen\u016f. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed verze je zachycena v d\u00edle <em>Samguk Yusa<\/em> z konce 13. stolet\u00ed.<\/p><p>Iryeon, autor d\u00edla, byl buddhistick\u00fd mnich a uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee \u010derpal ze star\u0161\u00edch pramen\u016f, mezi nimi z nezachovan\u00e9ho d\u00edla, kter\u00e9 ozna\u010duje jako <em>Gogi<\/em>, tedy \u201estar\u00fd z\u00e1pis\u201c. Dal\u0161\u00ed, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b soudob\u00e1 nebo o n\u011bco pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zm\u00ednka se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v d\u00edle <em>Jewang Ungi<\/em> od Yi Seunghyua.<\/p><p>Z toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 metodologick\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed zachovan\u00fd p\u00edsemn\u00fd doklad poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze 13. stolet\u00ed, tedy z doby o tis\u00edcilet\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ud\u00e1losti, o nich\u017e <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> vypr\u00e1v\u00ed. Zda a v jak\u00e9 form\u011b <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> existoval d\u0159\u00edve \u00fastn\u011b nebo p\u00edsemn\u011b, nelze p\u0159\u00edmo dolo\u017eit.<\/p><p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed badatel\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 prvky, nap\u0159\u00edklad sestup z nebes a medv\u011bdice-\u017eena, jsou podstatn\u011b star\u0161\u00ed a navazuj\u00ed na d\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u0161amanistick\u00e9 nebo totemistick\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy. Jin\u00ed zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee tradovan\u00e1 verze je siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bna buddhistick\u00fdm a \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm historick\u00fdm my\u0161len\u00edm a p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm ve sv\u00e9 liter\u00e1rn\u00ed podob\u011b p\u0159edstavuje d\u00edlo vrcholn\u00e9ho st\u0159edov\u011bku.<\/p><p>K tomu se p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 skute\u010dnost, \u017ee <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> byl ve 20. stolet\u00ed siln\u011b politicky zat\u00ed\u017een, a to jak p\u0159i utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identity, tak v n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch hnut\u00edch, kter\u00e1 se odvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed na Danguna a Hwanunga. Toto modern\u00ed zneu\u017eit\u00ed v\u011bdeckou diskusi \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zt\u00ed\u017eilo.<\/p><p>Seri\u00f3zn\u00ed za\u0159azen\u00ed Hwanunga proto mus\u00ed odd\u011blovat dv\u011b v\u011bci: ot\u00e1zku skute\u010dn\u00e9ho st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a ko\u0159en\u016f jednotliv\u00fdch prvk\u016f m\u00fdtu, na kterou lze odpov\u00eddat pouze s opatrnost\u00ed, a ot\u00e1zku dolo\u017een\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdomost\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f z generace na generaci.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span>, kter\u00e1 jasn\u011b za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ve 13. stolet\u00ed.<\/p><p>Kdo tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> cituje, m\u011bl by se op\u00edrat o dob\u0159e dolo\u017eenou textovou z\u00e1kladnu a spekulace o jeho p\u0159edchoz\u00ed historii jako takov\u00e9 ozna\u010dit.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145353\">Dangun, Hwanung\u016fv syn<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (v\u00fdb\u011br)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Grayson, J. H.: <em>Korea, A Religious History<\/em>. Routledge, 2002.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Park, Noe-Hui: <em>Shamanic Hierarchy and Esoteric Buddhism in Korean Mudang Traditions<\/em>. Korean Shamanic Studies, 2003.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dal\u0161\u00ed standardn\u00ed d\u00edla najdete v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145257\">seznamu literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1619,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Hwanung","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Hwanung \u2013 nebesk\u00fd syn korejsk\u00e9 zakladatelsk\u00e9 pov\u011bsti","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Hwanung, nebesk\u00fd syn korejsk\u00e9 zakladatelsk\u00e9 pov\u011bsti, tradovan\u00fd v Samguk yusa: otec Danguna, druh medv\u011bdice Ungnyeo, p\u0159ina\u0161e\u010d civilizace.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"1","wesen_kultur":"korea","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145352","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hwanung \u2013 nebesk\u00fd syn korejsk\u00e9 zakladatelsk\u00e9 pov\u011bsti<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hwanung, nebesk\u00fd syn korejsk\u00e9 zakladatelsk\u00e9 pov\u011bsti, tradovan\u00fd v Samguk yusa: otec Danguna, druh medv\u011bdice Ungnyeo, p\u0159ina\u0161e\u010d civilizace.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/hwanung\/\" \/>\n<meta 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