{"id":145342,"date":"2026-09-03T16:29:24","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:29:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145342"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:53:26","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:53:26","slug":"thor","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/thor\/","title":{"rendered":"Thor"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145342\" class=\"elementor elementor-145342 elementor-2095 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thor, b\u016fh germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thor je b\u016fh hromu, blesku a ochrany v germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 tradici. Jako syn Wodana a ochr\u00e1nce lidstva i boh\u016f zt\u011bles\u0148uje s\u00edlu, odvahu a \u0159\u00e1d proti chaosu.<\/p><p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska je Thor p\u0159\u00edkladem centr\u00e1ln\u00ed role boh\u016f po\u010das\u00ed v indoevropsk\u00fdch panteonech a jejich politick\u00e9 prom\u011bny v ochrann\u00e1 bo\u017estva zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f a bojovn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh \/ bohyn\u011b: Zpersonifikovan\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc v panteonu ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury s jasn\u00fdmi kompetencemi \u2013 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edly, osud, v\u00e1lka, plodnost. Uct\u00edvan\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kult\u016f, ob\u011bt\u00ed a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch instituc\u00ed.\">B\u016fh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145141\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd sv\u011bt boh\u016f a duch\u016f severn\u00ed a st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy.\">Germ\u00e1nsk\u00fd<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_germanisch_thor-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147652\" alt=\"Thor \u2013 bohov\u00e9 germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 tradice, historicko-ilustrativn\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_germanisch_thor-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_germanisch_thor-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_germanisch_thor-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_germanisch_thor.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thor zt\u011bles\u0148uje s\u00edlu, hn\u011bv, hrom a ochranu Midgardu. Jeho z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi vlastnostmi jsou s\u00edla, vytrvalost, v\u011brnost a p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1, up\u0159\u00edmn\u00e1 povaha. V <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span> Thor bojuje s obry, jezd\u00ed po nebi na voze ta\u017een\u00e9m kozly a nos\u00ed kladivo Mj\u00f6lnir.<\/p><p>Jeho dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed vypl\u0148uj\u00ed velkou \u010d\u00e1st Pr\u00f3zaick\u00e9 Eddy i P\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e9 Eddy. \u00dast\u0159edn\u00edmi m\u00fdty jsou Thor\u016fv rybolov s Midgardsk\u00fdm hadem, \u00fanos kladiva a boj s ob\u0159\u00edm kr\u00e1lem Thrymem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159ehledn\u011b: Thor<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prameny tvo\u0159\u00ed Pr\u00f3zaick\u00e1 Edda od <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Islandsk\u00fd u\u010denec (1179\u20131241); autor Pr\u00f3zaick\u00e9 Eddy a Heimskringly.\">Snorriho Sturlusona<\/span>, P\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e1 Edda (zejm\u00e9na \u00derymskvi\u00f0a, H\u00e1rbar\u00f0slj\u00f3\u00f0), Tacitova Germ\u00e1nie, archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy (amulety Thorova kladiva, runov\u00e9 kameny) a seversk\u00e1 m\u00edstn\u00ed jm\u00e9na. Sekund\u00e1rn\u011b: Rudolf Simek (Lexikon germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span>), Jan de Vries (Starogerm\u00e1nsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 d\u011bjiny), Georges Dum\u00e9zil, Kurt N\u00e4sstr\u00f6m. Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Thora bylo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eno ve Skandin\u00e1vii, severn\u00ed a st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b a dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se dodnes v pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dtvrtku.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontext<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thora lze sledovat od \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch doklad\u016f o Donarovi a\u017e po islandsk\u00e9 rukopisy Eddy ze 13. stolet\u00ed, tedy p\u0159es v\u00edce ne\u017e tis\u00edcilet\u00ed. Jeho jm\u00e9no \u017eije d\u00e1l ve jm\u00e9nu dne \u010dtvrtek a amulety Thorova kladiva se nos\u00ed i dnes, nyn\u00ed \u010dasto jako vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed vztahu k seversk\u00e9mu p\u016fvodu nebo v modern\u00edm pohanstv\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e vazba na starobyl\u00e9ho boha hromu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 rozpoznateln\u00e1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thor nebyl omezen na ur\u010ditou oblast \u010di lokalitu, ale byl univerz\u00e1ln\u011b zn\u00e1m a uct\u00edv\u00e1n nebo s respektem ob\u00e1v\u00e1n v cel\u00e9m germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. A\u0165 ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch centrech, nebo v odlehl\u00fdch venkovsk\u00fdch oblastech, a\u0165 u spole\u010densk\u00e9 elity, nebo u prost\u00e9ho lidu, duchovn\u00ed i kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdznam t\u00e9to bytosti byl trvale uzn\u00e1van\u00fd a v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd.<\/p><p>M\u00edstn\u00ed jm\u00e9na jako Thorshavn, nespo\u010det osobn\u00edch jmen s prvkem Thor a \u010detnost kladivov\u00fdch amulet\u016f dokazuj\u00ed, \u017ee b\u016fh hromu byl pevn\u011b zakotven v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b \u0161irok\u00fdch vrstev obyvatelstva, od sedl\u00e1ka po mo\u0159eplavce. S vikinsk\u00fdmi plavbami se jeho kult dostal na Island, do Anglie, Irska i do Rusi, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jeho zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed a vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1valo v t\u011bchto os\u00eddlen\u00fdch oblastech v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b jednotn\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed prameny: Pr\u00f3zaick\u00e1 Edda od <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Islandsk\u00fd u\u010denec (1179\u20131241); autor Pr\u00f3zaick\u00e9 Eddy a Heimskringly.\">Snorriho Sturlusona<\/span> (zejm\u00e9na Gylfaginning a Sk\u00e1ldskaparm\u00e1l), P\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e1 Edda (\u00derymskvi\u00f0a, H\u00e1rbar\u00f0slj\u00f3\u00f0, Hymiskvi\u00f0a), Tacitova Germ\u00e1nie (kapitola 9: zm\u00ednka o kultu Donara), pozdn\u011b \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 n\u00e1pisy z Germ\u00e1nie (IOM = Iovi Optimo Maximo, \u010dasto spojovan\u00e9 s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Splynut\u00ed p\u0159edstav nebo bo\u017estev z r\u016fzn\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch tradic.\" tabindex=\"0\">synkretismem<\/span> Thora), runov\u00e9 n\u00e1pisy.<\/p><p>\u010casov\u00e9 rozp\u011bt\u00ed: 1. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 13. stolet\u00ed n. l. Badatel\u00e9: Rudolf Simek, Jan de Vries, Folke Str\u00f6m, Kurt N\u00e4sstr\u00f6m, Jens Peter Schj\u00f8dt. Archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy: amulety Mj\u00f6lniru, ob\u011btn\u00ed n\u00e1lezy, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slouzici k uctivani jednoho nebo vice bozstev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1my<\/span> v Uppsale a Lade.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ozna\u010den\u00ed a zp\u016fsoby psan\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thor je v r\u016fzn\u00fdch pramenech i um\u011bleck\u00fdch tradic\u00edch zobrazov\u00e1n s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi opakuj\u00edc\u00edmi se ikonografick\u00fdmi prvky, kter\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed po desetilet\u00ed a v r\u016fzn\u00fdch geografick\u00fdch oblastech relativn\u011b st\u00e1l\u00e9. Tyto prvky nejsou pouze dekorativn\u00ed ani nahodil\u00e9, ale hluboce symbolicky k\u00f3dovan\u00e9 a nesou velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam.<\/p><p>Thorovy atributy vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed \u010diteln\u00fd znakov\u00fd syst\u00e9m: kladivo Mj\u00f6lnir p\u0159edstavuje jeho moc nad bleskem a hromem a ochranu boh\u016f i lid\u00ed, opasek s\u00edly Megingj\u00f6r\u00f0 a \u017eelezn\u00e9 rukavice odkazuj\u00ed na jeho t\u011blesnou s\u00edl u, v\u016fz ta\u017een\u00fd dv\u011bma kozly na jeho cesty mezi sv\u011bty. Kdo byl obezn\u00e1men s Eddou a severskou obrazovou tradic\u00ed, poznal podle t\u011bchto znak\u016f okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost a postaven\u00ed boha hromu: vl\u00e1du nad po\u010das\u00edm, obranu proti obr\u016fm a kone\u010dn\u011b boj s Midgardsk\u00fdm hadem. Ka\u017ed\u00fd detail, od rud\u00e9ho vousu a\u017e po zbra\u0148, byl pevn\u011b stanoven\u00fd a takto se d\u00e1le p\u0159ed\u00e1val.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charakteristiky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thor byl z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou praxi, ka\u017edodenn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 kultury. Lid\u00e9 se k t\u00e9to bytosti obraceli v kritick\u00fdch nebo ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00edch situac\u00edch, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v ritu\u00e1ln\u011b stanoven\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u00edch dob\u00e1ch, se strukturovan\u00fdmi, \u010dasto n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdmi ritu\u00e1ly, modlitbami nebo ob\u011btn\u00edmi dary.<\/p><p>Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Thora se \u0159\u00eddilo pevn\u00fdmi formami: ob\u011btn\u00ed \u00fakony, tzv. bl\u00f3t, se konaly u ur\u010dit\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed a vedli je gothov\u00e9, tedy osoby, kter\u00e9 v seversk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti zast\u00e1valy z\u00e1rove\u0148 kn\u011b\u017esk\u00e9 i pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fakoly. Tak\u00e9 \u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed kladivov\u00fdm znamen\u00edm p\u0159i svatb\u00e1ch a zasv\u011bcen\u00edch nebylo n\u00e1hodn\u00fdm zvykem, n\u00fdbr\u017e tradovanou prax\u00ed.<\/p><p>Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee amulety Thorova kladiva se nosily a ukl\u00e1daly do hrob\u016f po celou dobu vikinsk\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed, dokl\u00e1d\u00e1, jak siln\u011b si lid\u00e9 slibovali od boha hromu konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pomoc. Vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed Thora p\u0159itom plnilo r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely: m\u011blo odvracet ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed od statku a mo\u0159eplavby, doprov\u00e1zelo zasv\u011bcen\u00ed a svatby jako po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed, a kladivov\u00e9 znamen\u00ed ozna\u010dovalo p\u0159echody jako uzav\u0159en\u00ed man\u017eelstv\u00ed nebo poh\u0159eb.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Thor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Profil vysv\u011btluje povahu Thora v \u0161esti dimenz\u00edch: jeho mytologicko-genealogick\u00fd p\u016fvod, praxi uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ve v\u00e1le\u010dnick\u00e9 a rolnick\u00e9 vrstv\u011b, jeho charakteristickou ikonografii boha s\u00edly s kladivem, v\u00fdznam <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo vz\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed obracen\u00ed se k bo\u017estvu nebo s\u00edle.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> a bo\u017esk\u00e9 ochrany, srovnateln\u00e9 postavy v jin\u00fdch indoevropsk\u00fdch a sousedn\u00edch kultur\u00e1ch a z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dnou synt\u00e9zu jeho role v kosmick\u00e9m boji proti chaosu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thor\u016fv p\u016fvod<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thor se odvozuje od indoevropsk\u00fdch boh\u016f hromu a po\u010das\u00ed (Indra, Zeus, Iuppiter). V germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span> se jeho po\u010d\u00e1tky datuj\u00ed do ran\u00e9 p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prehistorick\u00e1 epocha po dob\u011b bronzov\u00e9, charakterizovan\u00e1 zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm \u017eeleza.\" tabindex=\"0\">doby \u017eelezn\u00e9<\/span> (asi 500 p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 1000 n. l.).<\/p><p>Tacitus zmi\u0148uje jeho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo svat\u00e9 postavy.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> pod jm\u00e9nem Donar u Chatt\u016f a Bat\u00e1v\u016f. Skandin\u00e1vsk\u00e9 prameny (Edda) byly zaps\u00e1ny kolem roku 1200 n. l., zachov\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u0161ak star\u0161\u00ed \u00fastn\u00ed tradice. Trojice boh\u016f Wodan, Donar\/Thor a Tiwaz byla v Germ\u00e1nii \u0161iroce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Adres\u00e1ti<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thora vz\u00fdvali v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edci p\u0159ed bitvami, roln\u00edci p\u0159i sklizni, mo\u0159eplavci i \u0159emesln\u00edci. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ve Skandin\u00e1vii byla \u00facta k Thorovi demokratick\u00e1, ob\u011btovali mu jak kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, tak svobodn\u00ed roln\u00edci.<\/p><p>\u010ctvrtek (Thorsdag) byl jeho svat\u00fdm dnem. Amulety s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u00edsmo germ\u00e1nsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 i pro ochrann\u00e9 a zakl\u00ednac\u00ed formule.\" tabindex=\"0\">runami<\/span> zobrazuj\u00edc\u00edmi Mj\u00f6lnir nosili v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edci. Na Islandu byla p\u0159\u00edsaha na Thor\u016fv <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 m\u00edsto nebo st\u016fl pro ob\u011bti a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 \u00fakony.\" tabindex=\"0\">olt\u00e1\u0159<\/span> z\u00e1vazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e na jin\u00e9 bohy. Berserkr (bojem zb\u011bsil\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edci) uct\u00edvali Thora jako sv\u00e9ho v\u00e1le\u010dnick\u00e9ho boha.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thorova podoba<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thor byl zobrazov\u00e1n jako vysok\u00fd, vousat\u00fd mu\u017e s rud\u00fdmi vlasy a vousy, svalnat\u00fd a siln\u00fd. Jeho hlavn\u00edmi atributy jsou kladivo Mj\u00f6lnir (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> \u00faderu blesku a s\u00edly), jeho p\u00e1s Megingj\u00f6rdr (p\u00e1s s\u00edly) a jeho \u017eelezn\u00e9 rukavice.<\/p><p>V run\u00e1ch byl zobrazov\u00e1n znakem Thorova kladiva. Archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed amulety ve tvaru Mj\u00f6lniru ze st\u0159\u00edbra a bronzu. V ikonografii jezd\u00ed na voze ta\u017een\u00e9m kozami po obloze a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed tak h\u0159m\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thorovi se p\u0159isuzovala s\u00edla vrhat blesky, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161et d\u00e9\u0161\u0165 a rozdrtit nep\u0159\u00e1tele. Jeho s\u00edla byla mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1, dok\u00e1zal zab\u00edjet obry a dokonce zranit Midgardsk\u00e9ho hada (nikoli v\u0161ak zab\u00edt, nebo\u0165 ten p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 a\u017e do Ragnar\u00f6ku).<\/p><p>D\u00edky sv\u00e9mu kladivu Mj\u00f6lniru se Thor mohl chr\u00e1nit a zah\u00e1n\u011bt nep\u0159\u00e1tele. Jeho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vysloven\u00ed po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed a ochrany, \u010dasto v pevn\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 form\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> \u010dinilo \u00farodu bohatou a v\u00e1lky v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00fdmi. Kletby proti Thorovi byly pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 a vy\u017eadovaly siln\u00e1 protiopat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrana<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thor byl p\u0159edm\u011btem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo vz\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed obracen\u00ed se k bo\u017estvu nebo s\u00edle.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> a \u00factypln\u00e9ho ct\u011bn\u00ed, byl ch\u00e1p\u00e1n jako ochr\u00e1nce i jako ob\u00e1van\u00e1 s\u00edla. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu na vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed d\u00edk\u016f, prosby nebo \u00facty.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ob\u011bti<\/span> tvo\u0159ili b\u00fdci, ovce, kon\u011b a chl\u00e9b. P\u0159ed bitvami v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edci p\u0159\u00edsahali na Thor\u016fv <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 m\u00edsto nebo st\u016fl pro ob\u011bti a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 \u00fakony.\" tabindex=\"0\">olt\u00e1\u0159<\/span>. V domech se zav\u011b\u0161ovaly amulety Mj\u00f6lniru na obranu proti zl\u00fdm sil\u00e1m.<\/p><p>P\u0159i bou\u0159k\u00e1ch se k Thorovi modlili za ochranu p\u0159ed bleskem. Pohan\u00e9 v obdob\u00ed christianizace Skandin\u00e1vie se dr\u017eeli \u00facty k Thorovi, proto\u017ee byla p\u0159\u00edm\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a hmatateln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e abstraktn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Wodana.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 bytosti<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zeus\/Iuppiter jsou \u0159ecko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 paralely se srovnateln\u00fdm atributem (blesk, s\u00edla). Zeus je v\u0161ak p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kr\u00e1l, Thor p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm bojovn\u00edk a ochr\u00e1nce. Indra v hinduismu je bl\u00edzkou strukturn\u00ed paralelou, jako v\u00e1le\u010dnick\u00fd b\u016fh, vrha\u010d blesk\u016f, bojovn\u00edk proti d\u00e9mon\u016fm. Keltsk\u00fd Taranis vykazuje podobn\u00e9 funkce. Ve slovansk\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonu<\/span> odpov\u00edd\u00e1 Thorovi Perun.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thor a paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bohov\u00e9 hromu, bou\u0159e a v\u00e1lky s kladivem jako insigni\u00ed se opakuj\u00ed v mnoha indoevropsk\u00fdch mytologi\u00edch; srovnateln\u00fdmi postavami jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad hetitsk\u00fd Tarhunna, v\u00e9dsk\u00fd Indra nebo baltsk\u00fd Perk\u016bnas, ka\u017ed\u00fd kulturn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00fd, ale funk\u010dn\u011b p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u017didovsk\u00e1 tradice:<\/strong> V \u017eidovsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span> neexistuje b\u016fh hromu nebo po\u010das\u00ed jako Thor. JHVH se projevuje v bou\u0159i (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zjeven\u00ed boha, uk\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed se bo\u017estva lidem; klasick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je theofanie na Sinaji.\">theofanie<\/span> na Sinaji), Thor je v\u0161ak specializovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed a ochranu. P\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 paralela chyb\u00ed, ale existuje strukturn\u00ed podobnost v projevu s\u00edly.<\/p><p><strong>\u0158ecko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd sv\u011bt:<\/strong> Zeus a jeho \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd prot\u011bj\u0161ek Iuppiter jsou nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed srovn\u00e1n\u00ed, vrh\u00e1n\u00ed blesk\u016f, kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e1 moc. Zeus je v\u0161ak v\u00fd\u0161e v hierarchii a je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kr\u00e1lem, zat\u00edmco Thor stoj\u00ed pod n\u011bkolika bohy a m\u00e1 roli ochr\u00e1nce. Ares sd\u00edl\u00ed s Thorem v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 aspekty, av\u0161ak bez funkce boha po\u010das\u00ed.<\/p><p><strong>Mezopot\u00e1mie:<\/strong> Adad\/Hadad je b\u016fh po\u010das\u00ed s podobnou funkc\u00ed blesku, ale m\u00e9n\u011b osobn\u00ed a dramatick\u00fd ne\u017e Thor. Ninurta je b\u016fh v\u00e1lky se srovnateln\u00fdm bojov\u00fdm narativem, ale bez aspektu hromu.<\/p><p><strong>Indie\/Asie:<\/strong> Indra je nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed paralelou, v\u00e1le\u010dnick\u00fd kr\u00e1l, vrha\u010d blesk\u016f (Vad\u017era), boj proti d\u00e9mon\u016fm (Vritra). Pozd\u011bji je zast\u00edn\u011bn Vi\u0161nuem a \u0160ivou, strukturn\u011b je v\u0161ak identick\u00fd. V buddhismu m\u00e1 \u0160akra\/Indra men\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam, ale neztr\u00e1c\u00ed sv\u00e9 atributy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpaa94cb7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpaa94cb7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp54feb73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp54feb73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thor\u016fv rybolov na Midgardsk\u00e9ho hada<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp581887b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp581887b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb0e0265 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpb0e0265\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jedn\u00edm z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch samostatn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f o Thorovi je jeho ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdlet, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m vyt\u00e1hne z mo\u0159e sv\u011btov\u00e9ho hada J\u00f6rmungandra. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">M\u00fdtus<\/span> je dochov\u00e1n v n\u011bkolika verz\u00edch: v eddick\u00e9 b\u00e1sni <em>Hymiskvi\u00f0a<\/em>, v <em>Pr\u00f3za-Edd\u011b<\/em> Snorriho Sturlusona a v n\u00e1znac\u00edch n\u011bkolika skaldsk\u00fdch b\u00e1sn\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad v <em>H\u00fasdr\u00e1p\u011b<\/em> \u00dalfra Uggasona.<\/p><p>Thor se vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 k obru Hymirovi, aby s n\u00edm vyplul na mo\u0159e. Jako n\u00e1vnadu utrhne hlavu jednomu z obrov\u00fdch b\u00fdk\u016f. Na mo\u0159i Thor odplouv\u00e1 daleko za obvykl\u00e1 lovi\u0161t\u011b, a\u017e se Hymir za\u010dne b\u00e1t.<\/p><p>Thor nahazuje udici s b\u00fd\u010d\u00ed hlavou a Midgardsk\u00fd had se chyt\u00ed. N\u00e1sleduje mocn\u00fd z\u00e1pas.<\/p><p>Thor se zap\u0159e tak siln\u011b o dno lo\u010fky, \u017ee mu nohy proraz\u00ed prkna a dos\u00e1hnou na mo\u0159sk\u00e9 dno. Vytahuje hada nahoru, a\u017e jeho hlava vy\u010dn\u00edv\u00e1 nad okraj lodi, a chyst\u00e1 se k \u00fadru kladivem.<\/p><p>Zde se verze rozch\u00e1zej\u00ed. Podle Snorriho vyd\u011b\u0161en\u00fd Hymir p\u0159e\u0159\u00edzne udic\u00ed \u0161\u0148\u016fru, tak\u017ee had klesne zp\u011bt do mo\u0159e; Thor ude\u0159\u00ed napr\u00e1zdno nebo hada jen zas\u00e1hne. Jin\u00e9 n\u00e1znaky napov\u00eddaj\u00ed, \u017ee Thor \u00fadr skute\u010dn\u011b vykonal.<\/p><p>Badatel\u00e9 v t\u00e9to epizod\u011b spat\u0159uj\u00ed obrazn\u00e9 p\u0159edznamen\u00e1n\u00ed kone\u010dn\u00e9ho st\u0159etnut\u00ed p\u0159i z\u00e1niku sv\u011bta. N\u011bkolik obrazov\u00fdch kamen\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b n\u00e1lez\u016f ze \u0160v\u00e9dska, Anglie a D\u00e1nska, zobrazuje sc\u00e9nu, kter\u00e1 je v\u011bt\u0161inou vykl\u00e1d\u00e1na jako tento ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdlet, co\u017e dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 velkou zn\u00e1most l\u00e1tky ji\u017e ve vikinsk\u00e9 dob\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cped84c2c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cped84c2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp12f9869 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp12f9869\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mj\u00f6lnir: m\u00fdtus o vzniku, funkce a archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp83bbc93 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp83bbc93\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpca15ba8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpca15ba8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thorovo kladivo Mj\u00f6lnir je jeho nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm atributem. Snorri ve <em>Pr\u00f3za-Edd\u011b<\/em> vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, jak kladivo vzniklo. Loki nechal trpasl\u00edky, syny Ivaldiho a bratry Brokka a Eitriho, vyrobit vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty.<\/p><p>V sout\u011b\u017ei o nejlep\u0161\u00ed d\u00edlo zhotovili Brokk a Eitri kladivo, ale proto\u017ee je Loki v podob\u011b mouchy ru\u0161il p\u0159i \u0161lap\u00e1n\u00ed na m\u011bchy, dopadla rukoje\u0165 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 kr\u00e1tk\u00e1. I s touto chybou platil Mj\u00f6lnir za nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u00edlo, proto\u017ee nikdy neminulo c\u00edl a po vrhu se vracelo zp\u011bt do ruky.<\/p><p>Mj\u00f6lnir nen\u00ed jen zbran\u00ed proti obr\u016fm, ale i n\u00e1strojem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fakon, kter\u00fdm je p\u0159edm\u011bt, m\u00edsto nebo \u010dlov\u011bk odevzd\u00e1n do n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 sf\u00e9ry.\" tabindex=\"0\">posv\u011bcen\u00ed<\/span>. V b\u00e1sni <em>\u00derymskvi\u00f0a<\/em> je kladivo pou\u017eito k po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed nev\u011bsty a objevuje se i jinde jako n\u00e1stroj posv\u011bcen\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i o\u017eivov\u00e1n\u00ed Thorov\u00fdch kozl\u016f.<\/p><p>Tato dvoj\u00ed funkce, ni\u010div\u00e1 i posv\u011bcuj\u00edc\u00ed, je pro ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed Thora kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1.<\/p><p>Archeologicky je Mj\u00f6lnir dolo\u017een mno\u017estv\u00edm klad\u00edvkov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edv\u011bsk\u016f, mal\u00fdch amulet\u016f ze st\u0159\u00edbra, bronzu nebo \u017eeleza, kter\u00e9 byly nalezeny po cel\u00e9 Skandin\u00e1vii a v oblastech vikinsk\u00e9ho vlivu. Jejich roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed vzrostlo v 10. stolet\u00ed, tedy pr\u00e1v\u011b v dob\u011b za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed christianizace.<\/p><p>Badatel\u00e9 to z\u010d\u00e1sti vykl\u00e1daj\u00ed jako v\u011bdom\u00e9 pohansk\u00e9 vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed v protikladu k k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9mu k\u0159\u00ed\u017ei. N\u00e1lez odl\u00e9vac\u00ed formy z D\u00e1nska, v n\u00ed\u017e bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u011bt jak k\u0159\u00ed\u017e, tak kladivo, obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdmluvn\u011b dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou soub\u011b\u017enost t\u00e9to doby.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9b6b7d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9b6b7d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp42a88ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp42a88ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thor v n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 praxi vikinsk\u00e9 doby<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1f657a0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp1f657a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp07126b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp07126b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thor nebyl vzd\u00e1len\u00fdm bohem, ale <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvem<\/span> hojn\u011b uct\u00edvan\u00fdm v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b, mo\u017en\u00e1 nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm mezi roln\u00edky a svobodn\u00fdmi lidmi. Na to ukazuje n\u011bkolik zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p><p>Za prv\u00e9 osobn\u00ed jm\u00e9na: jm\u00e9na utvo\u0159en\u00e1 s prvkem Thor, nap\u0159\u00edklad Thorsteinn, Thorgeirr nebo Thorger\u00f0r, pat\u0159\u00ed k nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm ve staroseversk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici<\/span>. Za druh\u00e9 m\u00edstn\u00ed jm\u00e9na: v Norsku, \u0160v\u00e9dsku, D\u00e1nsku a v oblastech os\u00eddlen\u00fdch seversk\u00fdmi lidmi se nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u0159ada m\u00edst, jejich\u017e n\u00e1zev odkazuje na Thor\u016fv <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u011bnovan\u00fdch bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span>.<\/p><p>Islandsk\u00e9 s\u00e1gy, zejm\u00e9na <em>Eyrbyggja saga<\/em> a <em>Landn\u00e1mab\u00f3k<\/em>, popisuj\u00ed osadn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed byli Thorovi zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b odd\u00e1ni, zasv\u011bcovali mu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> nebo vhazovali jeho d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 sloupy do mo\u0159e, aby jimi ur\u010dil m\u00edsto os\u00eddlen\u00ed. Tyto zpr\u00e1vy jsou v\u0161ak pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, k\u0159es\u0165ansky p\u0159etvo\u0159en\u00e9 a je t\u0159eba je \u010d\u00edst s opatrnost\u00ed.<\/p><p>Adam z Br\u00e9m popisuje v 11. stolet\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> v Uppsale a stav\u00ed Thora v jeho st\u0159edu mezi Wodana a Fricca; Thor podle n\u011bj vl\u00e1dne hromu, v\u011btru, de\u0161ti, dobr\u00e9mu po\u010das\u00ed a plodin\u00e1m.<\/p><p>I kdy\u017e Adamova zpr\u00e1va poch\u00e1z\u00ed z k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho pohledu a nelze j\u00ed ve v\u0161ech detailech d\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovat, potvrzuje v\u00fdznam Thora pro po\u010das\u00ed a \u00farodu, tedy pro \u017eivotn\u00ed z\u00e1klady rolnick\u00e9ho obyvatelstva.<\/p><p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska vznik\u00e1 obraz boha, kter\u00fd byl m\u00e9n\u011b spjat s vl\u00e1dou a v\u00e1lkou a v\u00edce s ochranou, \u0159\u00e1dem a plodnost\u00ed, boha dvora a spole\u010denstv\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8e4387d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp8e4387d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6d78bd4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp6d78bd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">B\u016fh hromu v indoevropsk\u00e9m srovn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfaac837 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpfaac837\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc407166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpc407166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thor lze za\u0159adit do \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed skupiny boh\u016f hromu v r\u00e1mci indoevropsk\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 rodiny, co\u017e se stalo p\u0159edm\u011btem z\u00e1jmu srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm zp\u016fsobem a bez vyznava\u010dsk\u00e9 v\u00e1zanosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistiky<\/span> od 19. stolet\u00ed. Mezi p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 postavy pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad baltsk\u00fd Perk\u016bnas, slovansk\u00fd Perun, v\u00e9dsk\u00fd Indra a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b i \u0159eck\u00fd Zeus, pokud vystupuje jako b\u016fh bou\u0159e.<\/p><p>N\u011bkolik badatel\u016f, mimo jin\u00e9 Georges Dum\u00e9zil v r\u00e1mci sv\u00e9 teorie t\u0159\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00fdch funkc\u00ed, za\u0159adilo Thora do &#8222;v\u00e1le\u010dnick\u00e9&#8220; nebo &#8222;ochrann\u00e9&#8220; funkce. Jin\u00ed v\u00edce zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> boje s drakem nebo hadem, kter\u00fd je v mnoha indoevropsk\u00fdch tradic\u00edch spojen s bohem bou\u0159e. Thorovo soupe\u0159en\u00ed s Midgardsk\u00fdm hadem do tohoto vzorce zapad\u00e1.<\/p><p>I jazykov\u00e9 doklady k tomu poskytuj\u00ed opory. Jm\u00e9no Thor, staroseversk\u00fd <em>\u00de\u00f3rr<\/em>, staron\u011bmeck\u00fd <em>Donar<\/em>, staroanglick\u00fd <em>\u00deunor<\/em>, odkazuje na spole\u010dn\u00e9 germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 slovo pro &#8222;hrom&#8220;.<\/p><p>Latinsk\u00fd p\u0159eklad n\u00e1zvu dne <em>dies Iovis<\/em>, dne Jova, jako \u010dtvrtek, anglicky <em>Thursday<\/em>, ukazuje, \u017ee anti\u010dt\u00ed a st\u0159edov\u011bc\u00ed u\u010denci Thora ztoto\u017e\u0148ovali s Jupiterem, tedy s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdm bohem a p\u00e1nem bou\u0159e.<\/p><p>P\u0159i v\u0161\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010divosti t\u011bchto srovn\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed badatel\u00e9 varuj\u00ed p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161nou jistotou. Spole\u010dn\u00e9 motivy mohou m\u00edt spole\u010dn\u00fd p\u016fvod, ale mohou vzniknout i pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bnou nebo nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm paraleln\u00edm v\u00fdvojem. Rekonstrukce jednotn\u00e9ho &#8222;praindoevropsk\u00e9ho boha hromu&#8220; tak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 hypot\u00e9zou, kter\u00e1 vysv\u011btluje n\u011bkter\u00e9 shody, nikoli v\u0161ak v\u0161echny zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti Thora.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe7dfbd0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpe7dfbd0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdf20168 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpdf20168\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Od pohansk\u00e9ho boha k popkultu\u0159e: d\u011bjiny recepce<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf86863a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpf86863a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5a46695 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp5a46695\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Po christianizaci Skandin\u00e1vie <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factypln\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> Thora zanikl, ale vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed se dochovala d\u00edky islandsk\u00e9 p\u00edsemn\u00e9 kultu\u0159e. Snorri Sturluson napsal svou <em>Prosaickou Eddu<\/em> ve 13. stolet\u00ed jako k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd u\u010denec, kter\u00fd cht\u011bl zachovat star\u00e9 v\u011bdomosti pro b\u00e1snick\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed. Bez n\u00ed a bez rukopisn\u011b dochovan\u00e9 <em>P\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e9 Eddy<\/em> by se v\u011bt\u0161ina m\u00fdt\u016f o Thorovi nezachovala.<\/p><p>\u0160ir\u0161\u00ed znovuobjeven\u00ed nastalo s romantismem konce 18. a 19. stolet\u00ed. Ve Skandin\u00e1vii i v N\u011bmecku se b\u00e1sn\u00edci a u\u010denci vraceli k seversk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn dochovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span>.<\/p><p>D\u00e1nsk\u00fd b\u00e1sn\u00edk Adam Oehlenschl\u00e4ger v\u011bnoval Thorovi ver\u0161e a v N\u011bmecku se mimo jin\u00e9 Jacob Grimm ve sv\u00e9 <em>N\u011bmeck\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn dochovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span><\/em> podrobn\u011b zab\u00fdval Donarem. Tato recepce nebyla bez n\u00e1rodn\u00edch a ideologick\u00fdch n\u00e1nos\u016f, kter\u00e9 ve 20. stolet\u00ed m\u00edsty sklouzly do nebezpe\u010dna, kdy\u017e si germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 symboly osvojily v\u00f6lkische a nacion\u00e1ln\u011bsocialistick\u00e9 kruhy.<\/p><p>Ve 20. a 21. stolet\u00ed se Thor stal celosv\u011btov\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdm p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u00edky komiksov\u00e9 adaptaci americk\u00e9ho nakladatelstv\u00ed Marvel od roku 1962 a jejich pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm filmov\u00fdm zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm. Tato popul\u00e1rn\u00ed verze se v\u00fdrazn\u011b odchyluje od st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch pramen\u016f; z ry\u0161av\u00e9ho selsk\u00e9ho boha se v n\u00ed st\u00e1v\u00e1 mlad\u00fd blon\u010fat\u00fd hrdina a mnoho d\u011bj\u016f je zcela vymy\u0161leno.<\/p><p>Z v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho hlediska je t\u0159eba tuto linii ch\u00e1pat m\u00e9n\u011b jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdomost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed mezi generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici<\/span> a v\u00edce jako samostatn\u00fd modern\u00ed mytologick\u00fd materi\u00e1l. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 od konce 20. stolet\u00ed existuj\u00ed novopohansk\u00e1 hnut\u00ed, kter\u00e1 Thora znovu n\u00e1bo\u017eensky uct\u00edvaj\u00ed. Kdo chce v\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce o tomto <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonu<\/span>, najde dal\u0161\u00ed hesla o <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145240\">Odinovi<\/a> a o <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145289\">Kim<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Doporu\u010den\u00e9 vnit\u0159n\u00ed odkazy pro tuto str\u00e1nku:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145141\">Germ\u00e1nsk\u00e1<\/a> (nad\u0159azen\u00e1 str\u00e1nka kultury)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145240\">Odin<\/a> (hlavn\u00ed b\u016fh v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonu<\/span> \u00c1s\u016f)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145341\">Freyja<\/a> (Vani\u0159ka a sestersk\u00e1 funkce v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonu<\/span>)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145234\">Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bo\u017estva<\/a> (p\u0159ehled t\u0159\u00eddy)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Odborn\u00e1 literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Prameny k Thorovi:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Islandsk\u00fd u\u010denec (1179\u20131241); autor Prosaick\u00e9 Eddy a Heimskringly.\">Snorri Sturluson<\/span>: <em>Edda. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy ze seversk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn dochovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span>.<\/em> P\u0159el. Arnulf Krause. Reclam, Stuttgart 1997.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Simek, Rudolf: <em>Lexikon der germanischen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn dochovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mythologie<\/span>.<\/em> 3. zcela p\u0159epracovan\u00e9 vyd. Kr\u00f6ner, Stuttgart 2006.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed d\u00edla v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145257\">seznamu literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1573,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Thor","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Thor \u2013 b\u016fh hromu a ochrany","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Thor, b\u016fh hromu s kladivem Mj\u00f6lnir: ochr\u00e1nce Midgardu, jeho ka\u017edodenn\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed na severu a p\u0159etrv\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"germanisch","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145342","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Thor \u2013 b\u016fh hromu a ochrany<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Thor, b\u016fh hromu s kladivem Mj\u00f6lnir: ochr\u00e1nce Midgardu, jeho ka\u017edodenn\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed na severu a p\u0159etrv\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/thor\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" 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