{"id":145333,"date":"2026-09-03T16:29:19","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:29:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145333"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:53:11","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:53:11","slug":"tiamat","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/tiamat\/","title":{"rendered":"Tiamat"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145333\" class=\"elementor elementor-145333 elementor-2078 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tiamat, bohyn\u011b mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Prastar\u00fd drak slan\u00e9 vody, matka v\u0161ech boh\u016f, zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00ed chaosu.<\/strong> Tiamat je nejstar\u0161\u00ed silou mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9ho kosmu, nen\u00ed zl\u00e1, ale prvotn\u00ed, chaotick\u00e1 masa slan\u00e9 vody, z n\u00ed\u017e vze\u0161el ve\u0161ker\u00fd \u017eivot a do n\u00ed\u017e se navrac\u00ed.<\/p><p>*Enuma Elish* vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o jej\u00ed por\u00e1\u017ece Mardukem, tento boj v\u0161ak nen\u00ed jednoduch\u00fdm v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm dobra nad zlem, n\u00fdbr\u017e zrodem \u0159\u00e1du z chaosu, Tiamat je rozseknuta a jej\u00ed t\u011blo se st\u00e1v\u00e1 vesm\u00edrem.<p>Tiamat se v Enuma Elish objevuje jako prastar\u00fd drak chaosu slan\u00e9 vody.<\/p><p>Tiamat je bohyn\u011b mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 tradice, zt\u011bles\u0148uje chaos slan\u00e9 vody p\u0159ed stvo\u0159en\u00edm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh \/ bohyn\u011b: Zosobn\u011bn\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc v panteonu ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury s jasn\u011b vymezenou p\u016fsobnost\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edly, osud, v\u00e1lka, plodnost. Uct\u00edv\u00e1na prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kult\u016f, ob\u011bt\u00ed a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch instituc\u00ed.\">Bohyn\u011b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145109\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Kol\u00e9bka zaznamenan\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, As\u00fdrie (p\u0159ibl. 3500 p\u0159. n. l. \u2013 330 p\u0159. n. l.).\">Mezopot\u00e1mie<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145232\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00edly chaosu a kosmi\u010dt\u00ed protivn\u00edci, protihr\u00e1\u010di v n\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistorick\u00e9m dualismu.\">Antib\u016fh<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 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24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147588\" alt=\"Tiamat \u2013 bohov\u00e9 z mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 tradice, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tiamat<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159ehled: Tiamat<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> Mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 prabo\u017estvo, dra\u010d\u00ed bohyn\u011b prvotn\u00edho chaosu, protivnice Marduka<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteon<\/span>: Babylon (v Enuma Elish kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 jako antagonistka)<br>Funkce: prvotn\u00ed slan\u00e9 mo\u0159e, matka v\u0161ech boh\u016f, protis\u00edla kosmick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du<br>Hlavn\u00ed atributy: dra\u010d\u00ed podoba, rozpolcen\u00e9 t\u011blo (nebe a zem\u011b stvo\u0159eny z jej\u00edho t\u011bla), jeden\u00e1ct <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost, kter\u00e1 v sob\u011b spojuje rysy r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdch bytost\u00ed<\/span>-pomocn\u00edk\u016f<br>Hlavn\u00ed kultovn\u00ed m\u00edsta: \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed, antagonistka v babylonsk\u00e9m m\u00fdtu o stvo\u0159en\u00ed<br>Protivn\u00edk: Marduk (por\u00e1\u017e\u00ed ji v Enuma Elish)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tiamat je hlavn\u00ed antagonistkou babylonsk\u00e9ho stvo\u0159itelsk\u00e9ho eposu <em>Enuma Elish<\/em> (12. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l., hlavn\u00ed rukopis je novoasyrsk\u00fd). P\u0159edch\u016fdkyn\u00ed v sumersk\u00e9 tradici je <em>Nammu<\/em> (prvotn\u00ed mo\u0159e).<\/p><p>Hlavn\u00ed obdob\u00ed rozkv\u011btu tiamatovsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span> je novobabylonsk\u00e1 doba, kdy byl Enuma Elish recitov\u00e1n p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m novoro\u010dn\u00edm sv\u00e1tku (Akitu) v esagilsk\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mu<\/span>, a ka\u017ed\u00e9 jaro se kosmick\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed Marduka nad Tiamat <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ust\u00e1len\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1ln\u011b<\/span> obnovovalo. V pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch tradic\u00edch je uct\u00edv\u00e1na jen velmi m\u00e1lo p\u0159\u00edmo; ve 19.\/20. stolet\u00ed je intenzivn\u011b zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm zp\u016fsobem a bez vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edry.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistikou<\/span> a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrnn\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed pro u\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e1 si n\u00e1rokuj\u00ed skryt\u00e9, jen zasv\u011bcenc\u016fm p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">esoterikou<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tiamat nem\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed kultovn\u00ed m\u00edsta, je to mytologick\u00e1 postava, nikoli <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho bo\u017estva nebo svat\u00e9 postavy.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultovn\u00ed<\/span> objekt. Jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost v\u0161ak byla d\u00e1na p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m babylonsk\u00e9m sv\u00e1tku Akitu, kde byl recitov\u00e1n <em>Enuma Elish<\/em> a jej\u00ed por\u00e1\u017eka Mardukem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ust\u00e1len\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1ln\u011b<\/span> obnovov\u00e1na.<\/p><p>V k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 pozdn\u00ed antice je zrcadlena jako &bdquo;dra\u010d\u00ed antagonista&ldquo; v apokalyptick\u00e9 tradici (Apokalypsa 12). V modern\u00ed recepci (zejm\u00e9na podle Roberta Gravese a feministick\u00e9 religionistiky) jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> potla\u010den\u00e9 \u017eensk\u00e9 prvotn\u00ed s\u00edly.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hlavn\u00ed prameny: <em>Enuma Elish<\/em> (stvo\u0159itelsk\u00fd epos, 7 tabulek, hlavn\u00ed pramen), p\u0159edch\u016fdci v sumersk\u00fdch m\u00fdtech o stvo\u0159en\u00ed. Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed literatura: Lambert, <em>Babylonian Creation Myths<\/em> (standardn\u00ed edice); Heidel, <em>The Babylonian Genesis<\/em>; Bott\u00e9ro, <em>La plus vieille religion. En M\u00e9sopotamie<\/em>; Black\/Green, <em>Gods, Demons and Symbols<\/em>. Srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> boje s drakem): Watkins, <em>How to Kill a Dragon<\/em> (indoevropsk\u00fd vzorec zab\u00edjen\u00ed draka).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a varianty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tiamat je zobrazov\u00e1na jako gigantick\u00e1, hadovito-dra\u010d\u00ed postava se \u0161upinami, k\u0159\u00eddly a d\u011bsivou dra\u010d\u00ed maskou. Jej\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee je temn\u011b modr\u00e1 nebo zelenav\u00e1, barva slan\u00e9ho mo\u0159e.<\/p><p>Nenos\u00ed korunu, proto\u017ee koruny poch\u00e1zej\u00ed od lid\u00ed a boh\u016f; ona sama je naopak prvotn\u00ed substanc\u00ed. V pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zobrazen\u00edch je ukazov\u00e1na s n\u011bkolika hlavami nebo v podob\u011b podobn\u00e9 hyd\u0159e. Jej\u00ed dech je jed, jej\u00ed \u0159ev ot\u0159\u00e1s\u00e1 sv\u011bty.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Povahov\u00e9 rysy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tiamat nebyla uct\u00edv\u00e1na jako bohyn\u011b v klasick\u00e9m slova smyslu, neexistoval \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba, kter\u00e1 slou\u017e\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span>, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 kn\u011b\u017estvo. V kosmick\u00fdch a filosofick\u00fdch souvislostech v\u0161ak byla zobrazov\u00e1na jako to, z \u010deho mus\u00ed vzej\u00edt \u0159\u00e1d.<\/p><p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok p\u0159i novoro\u010dn\u00edm sv\u00e1tku (<em>Akitu<\/em>) byl recitov\u00e1n <em>En\u00fama Eli\u0161<\/em> a Marduk byl znovu vz\u00fdv\u00e1n jako v\u00edt\u011bz nad Tiamat. Tato recitace byla magick\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lem<\/span> obnovy sv\u011bta a obranou proti p\u00e1du zp\u011bt do chaosu. Tiamat p\u0159edstavuje kosmickou hrozbu, kterou je t\u0159eba v\u011b\u010dn\u011b znovu por\u00e1\u017eet.<\/p><p><strong>Vzhled a symbolika<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Tiamat<\/em> je zobrazov\u00e1na jako obrovsk\u00fd sedmihlav\u00fd nebo mnohohlav\u00fd drak \u010di mo\u0159sk\u00e1 bestie s leskl\u00fdmi \u0161upinami, kter\u00e9 se t\u0159pyt\u00ed ve barv\u00e1ch vody, modr\u00e9, zelen\u00e9, b\u00edl\u00e9. M\u00e1 obrovsk\u00e1 k\u0159\u00eddla, dr\u00e1py a zuby velikosti hory.<\/p><p>Jej\u00ed t\u011blo je samo o sob\u011b mo\u0159em. D\u00fdch\u00e1 ohe\u0148 a jed. <em>Tiamat<\/em> je kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9 divokosti, av\u0161ak odpudiv\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9 cizosti. Voda a mo\u0159e jsou jej\u00edmi symboly. Jej\u00ed o\u010di z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed prvotn\u00edm rozumem, ne mor\u00e1ln\u00edm, n\u00fdbr\u017e instinktivn\u00edm a kosmick\u00fdm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Tiamat<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekty Tiamat na prvn\u00ed pohled. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed pole shrnuj\u00ed p\u016fvod, funkci, vzhled, uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, symboly a kulturn\u00ed paralely.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tradice<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tiamat je v <em>En\u00fama Eli\u0161<\/em> prvotn\u00ed matkou, slan\u00fdm prap\u016fvodn\u00edm mo\u0159em, kter\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u011b s bohem sladk\u00e9 vody <em>Apsu<\/em> (sv\u00fdm man\u017eelem) je zdrojem v\u0161ech boh\u016f. Kdy\u017e mlad\u00ed bohov\u00e9 (Anu, Enki, pozd\u011bji Marduk) naru\u0161uj\u00ed klid, chce je Apsu zab\u00edt, ale Enki ho zabije d\u0159\u00edv.<\/p><p>Tiamat se p\u0159\u00edsah\u00e1 pomst\u00edt, kuje vojsko jeden\u00e1cti d\u00e9mon\u016f-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost, kter\u00e1 v sob\u011b spojuje znaky r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u017eiv\u00fdch tvor\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdch bytost\u00ed<\/span> (mezi nimi draci Mu\u0161chu\u0161u, lid\u00e9-lvi, lid\u00e9-\u0161t\u00ed\u0159i) a za velitele si vybere Kingua. Marduk se nab\u00eddne jako hrdina, z\u00edsk\u00e1 vrchn\u00ed velen\u00ed nad v\u0161emi bohy, v souboji Tiamat zabije a z jej\u00edho t\u011bla vytvo\u0159\u00ed nebe a zemi, kosmick\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d tak vznik\u00e1 z Tiamatina t\u011bla.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00edlov\u00e1 skupina Tiamat<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tiamat je mytologick\u00fdm zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00edm chaosu, kter\u00fd p\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed kosmick\u00e9mu \u0159\u00e1du. Matka v\u0161ech boh\u016f (theogonick\u00e1 funkce), ale sou\u010dasn\u011b hrozba pro \u0159\u00e1d, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pora\u017eena, aby mohl vzniknout sv\u011bt.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">Symbol<\/span> neuspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9 prvotn\u00ed s\u00edly, slanovodn\u00edho prap\u016fvodn\u00edho mo\u0159e (na rozd\u00edl od sladk\u00e9 vody Apsu, kter\u00e1 je plodn\u00e1). V theologick\u00e9 konsolidaci babylonsk\u00e9ho panteonu ospravedl\u0148uje jej\u00ed smrt Mardukovo kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, politicky motivovan\u00fd narativ o stvo\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vzhled<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V <em>En\u00fama Eli\u0161<\/em> nen\u00ed Tiamat jednozna\u010dn\u011b pops\u00e1na, n\u011bkter\u00e9 pas\u00e1\u017ee nazna\u010duj\u00ed antropomorfn\u00ed \u017eenskou postavu, jin\u00e9 obrovsk\u00e9 t\u011blo draka nebo hada. Badatel\u00e9 se p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed k hybridn\u00ed podob\u011b drak-\u010dlov\u011bk.<\/p><p>V obrazov\u00fdch zobrazen\u00edch modern\u00ed doby je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy zobrazov\u00e1na jako drak s \u017eenskou symbolikou (velk\u00e9 had\u00ed t\u011blo, v\u00edce hlav, dr\u00e1py, k\u0159\u00eddla). V babylonsk\u00e9 glyptick\u00e9 tradici p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 zobrazen\u00ed Tiamat chyb\u00ed, obrazy drak\u016f Mu\u0161chu\u0161u (nap\u0159. na I\u0161ta\u0159in\u011b br\u00e1n\u011b) jsou jej\u00ed pomocn\u00edci, nikoli ona samotn\u00e1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Funkce<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Oblast p\u016fsoben\u00ed:<\/strong> Tiamat nem\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span>, ale jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost byla d\u00e1na p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m babylonsk\u00e9m novoro\u010dn\u00edm sv\u00e1tku (Akitu), kde byl recitov\u00e1n En\u00fama Eli\u0161 a obnovov\u00e1n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span> Mardukova v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed. V osobn\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span> nebyla vz\u00fdv\u00e1na (pouze Marduk jako v\u00edt\u011bz).<\/p><p>V modern\u00ed esoterick\u00e9 recepci (od 19. stolet\u00ed) je p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1na jako \u201eMatka-bohyn\u011b\u201c, \u201eMatka drak\u016f\u201c, \u201ePrvotn\u00ed \u017eena\u201c; v feministick\u00e9 historii n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> potla\u010den\u00e9 \u017eensk\u00e9 prvotn\u00ed s\u00edly. V modern\u00ed popkultu\u0159e je p\u0159\u00edtomna jako drak ve hr\u00e1ch, rom\u00e1nech a filmech.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrana p\u0159ed Tiamat<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dra\u010d\u00ed podoba, had\u00ed t\u011blo, v\u00edce hlav, dr\u00e1py, k\u0159\u00eddla (v modern\u00edm zobrazen\u00ed), rozpolcen\u00e9 t\u011blo (mytologicky, z jej\u00edch dvou polovin vznikly nebe a zem\u011b). Pomocn\u00edci: jeden\u00e1ct d\u00e9mon\u016f-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost, kter\u00e1 v sob\u011b spojuje znaky r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u017eiv\u00fdch tvor\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdch bytost\u00ed<\/span> (Mu\u0161chu\u0161u, had Lahamu, Ba\u0161mu, U\u0161umgallu atd.). Svat\u00fd element: slan\u00e1 voda. Svat\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo: 11 (jej\u00edch <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost, kter\u00e1 v sob\u011b spojuje znaky r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u017eiv\u00fdch tvor\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdch bytost\u00ed<\/span>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Obdoby<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Apsu<\/em> (Mezopot\u00e1mie, man\u017eel, prap\u016fvodn\u00ed b\u016fh sladk\u00e9 vody), <em>Nammu<\/em> (Sumer, sumersk\u00e1 p\u0159edch\u016fdkyn\u011b-bohyn\u011b), <em>Lotan\/Leviatan<\/em> (f\u00e9nicko-hebrejsk\u00fd, chaotick\u00fd drak), <em>Vritra<\/em> (hinduismus, drak, pora\u017een\u00fd Indrou, spole\u010dn\u00fd indoevropsk\u00fd ko\u0159en boje s drakem), <em>Tyf\u00f3n<\/em> (\u0158ecko, chaotick\u00e1 bestie, pora\u017een\u00e1 Zeusem), <em>J\u00f6rmungand<\/em> (germ\u00e1nsk\u00fd, sv\u011btov\u00fd had, se kter\u00fdm bojoval Thor), <em>Jamata-no-oro\u010di<\/em> (Japonsko, osmihlav\u00fd drak, pora\u017een\u00fd Susanoem), <em>Apofis<\/em> (Egypt, chaotick\u00fd had). Watkins\u016fv indoevropsk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> zab\u00edjen\u00ed draka je v Tiamat jedn\u00edm z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Praktick\u00e1 ochrana<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Apotropaick\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly<\/strong><\/p><p>Tiamat jako prap\u016fvodn\u00ed draci slan\u00e9 vody (En\u00fama Eli\u0161 I, 1-150) nebyla p\u0159\u00edmo uct\u00edv\u00e1na, p\u0159edstavuje moc prvotn\u00edho chaosu, kterou je t\u0159eba p\u0159emoci a jej\u00ed\u017e t\u011blo Marduk rozd\u011bl\u00ed na nebe a zemi (En\u00fama Eli\u0161 IV, 105-145).<\/p><p>Apotropaick\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly proti Tiamat se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v zakl\u00ednac\u00ed s\u00e9rii Maql\u00fb jako ochrana proti drakolik\u00fdm d\u00e9mon\u016fm nemoc\u00ed (srov. Bott\u00e9ro, Foster). P\u0159i novoro\u010dn\u00edm sv\u00e1tku <em>ak\u012btu<\/em> bylo p\u0159emo\u017een\u00ed Tiamat kultovn\u011b opakov\u00e1no.<\/p><p><strong>Zakl\u00ednac\u00ed texty<\/strong><\/p><p>\u010cten\u00ed En\u00fama Eli\u0161 na tabulk\u00e1ch IV-V (Mardukovo v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed) \u010dtvrt\u00e9ho dne ak\u012btu bylo \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm aktem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Magick\u00e9 nebo c\u00edrkevn\u00ed vylou\u010den\u00ed; tak\u00e9 sv\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed moci pomoc\u00ed formule.\" tabindex=\"0\">klatby<\/span>. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo zakl\u00ednac\u00ed osloven\u00ed bo\u017estva \u010di moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">Vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> \u201eTiamtu lalkaltu&#8220; (Tiamat, bu\u010f zlomena!) se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v protibou\u0159kov\u00fdch zakl\u00ednadlech z Ninive (Hee\u00dfel, <em>Babylonisch-assyrische Diagnostik<\/em>).<\/p><p><strong>Amulety a ochrann\u00e9 symboly<\/strong><\/p><p>Mardukovy symboly (r\u00fd\u010d, dra\u010d\u00ed hlava) slou\u017eily jako ochrana proti Tiamat, drak mu\u0161\u1e2bu\u0161\u0161u je zobrazen jako p\u0159emo\u017een\u00fd proti<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> na babylonsk\u00fdch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch bran\u00e1ch (I\u0161ta\u0159ina br\u00e1na, Berl\u00edn). Apotropaick\u00e9 tabulky s Mardukov\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem pod prahy dve\u0159\u00ed m\u011bly chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed tiamatsk\u00fdmi mocnostmi. Osmipaprskov\u00e9 slune\u010dn\u00ed kolo (Marduk\u016fv slune\u010dn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>) nahrazuje Tiamatinu chaotickou vodu uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fdm stvo\u0159en\u00edm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tiamat, paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tiamat se podob\u00e1 Leviatanovi z hebrejsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span>, prahadovi slan\u00e9 vody, s n\u00edm\u017e bojuje B\u016fh. S egyptsk\u00fdm Apofisem (hadem chaosu) sd\u00edl\u00ed roli v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho antagonisty chaosu.<\/p><p>Indick\u00e1 Vritra a seversk\u00fd J\u00f6rmungandr jsou podobn\u00ed kosmi\u010dt\u00ed hadi. Tiamat je v\u0161ak jedine\u010dn\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee jej\u00ed por\u00e1\u017eka nen\u00ed jej\u00edm zni\u010den\u00edm, n\u00fdbr\u017e prom\u011bnou v samotn\u00fd vesm\u00edr, je z\u00e1rove\u0148 nep\u0159\u00edtelkyn\u00ed i matkou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp397d784 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp397d784\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp715d1bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp715d1bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Slan\u00e9 mo\u0159e: role Tiamat v prvotn\u00edm v\u011bku Enuma Elisch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp78a1cf7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp78a1cf7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp94e8c6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp94e8c6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V babylonsk\u00e9m eposu o stvo\u0159en\u00ed <em>En\u00fama Eli\u0161<\/em> stoj\u00ed Tiamat na po\u010d\u00e1tku v\u0161ech v\u011bc\u00ed. P\u0159ed vznikem sv\u011bta existuj\u00ed pouze dv\u011b prap\u016fvodn\u00ed vody: Apsu, sladk\u00e1 podzemn\u00ed voda, a Tiamat, slan\u00e9 mo\u0159e. Jejich vody jsou vz\u00e1jemn\u011b sm\u00ed\u0161eny, stav p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed jak\u00e9mukoli \u0159\u00e1du. Z tohoto sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed vzch\u00e1zej\u00ed prvn\u00ed bohov\u00e9.<\/p><p>Jm\u00e9no <em>Tiamat<\/em> souvis\u00ed se semitsk\u00fdm slovem pro mo\u0159e; jazykov\u011b existuje p\u0159\u00edbuznost s hebrejsk\u00fdm <em>tehom<\/em>, \u201eprap\u016fvodn\u00ed z\u00e1plavou&#8220; nebo \u201ehlubinou&#8220;, zmi\u0148ovanou v prvn\u00ed kapitole knihy Genesis. Tato jazykov\u00e1 bl\u00edzkost vedla k dlouh\u00fdm diskus\u00edm o vztahu mezi mezopot\u00e1mskou a biblickou p\u0159edstavou stvo\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p><p>V eposu za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 konflikt t\u00edm, \u017ee hluk mlad\u00fdch boh\u016f ru\u0161\u00ed Apsua a Tiamat. Apsu chce bohy zni\u010dit, ale je p\u0159edsti\u017een a zabit bohem moudrosti Eou. Tiamat z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 zprvu ne\u010dinn\u00e1, pozd\u011bji je v\u0161ak \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed boh\u016f p\u0159im\u011bna k v\u00e1lce. Povst\u00e1v\u00e1 jako mstitelka.<\/p><p>B\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 ot\u00e1zkou, zda byla Tiamat p\u016fvodn\u011b poj\u00edm\u00e1na jako osobn\u00ed bohyn\u011b, nebo sp\u00ed\u0161e jako neosobn\u00ed kosmick\u00e1 substance. Texty kol\u00edsaj\u00ed: jednou se objevuje jako jednaj\u00edc\u00ed mate\u0159sk\u00e1 postava, jindy sp\u00ed\u0161e jako mo\u0159e samotn\u00e9.<\/p><p>Tato dvojzna\u010dnost nen\u00ed rozporem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span>, ale poukazuje na obt\u00ed\u017enost v\u016fbec jazykov\u011b uchopit kosmickou prap\u016fvodn\u00ed moc. Tiamat je z\u00e1rove\u0148 osobou i \u017eivlem, matkou boh\u016f i chaosem, kter\u00fd je t\u0159eba p\u0159ekonat.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4dee1d5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp4dee1d5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpea74fec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpea74fec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souboj s Mardukem a stvo\u0159en\u00ed sv\u011bta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1507b78 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp1507b78\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6defbf1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp6defbf1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vrcholem <em>Enuma Elisch<\/em> je boj mezi Tiamat a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145242\">Mardukem<\/a>. Tiamat stvo\u0159ila vojsko jeden\u00e1cti monster, mezi nimi hady, draky a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost, kter\u00e1 v sob\u011b spojuje znaky r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9 bytosti<\/span>, a sv\u00e9ho nov\u00e9ho man\u017eela Kingua jmenovala vojev\u016fdcem, jemu\u017e p\u0159edala <em>Desky osudu<\/em>, insignie nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moci.<\/p><p>Marduk vyr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed vyzbrojen v\u011btrem, bou\u0159\u00ed a povodn\u00ed. Kdy\u017e Tiamat otev\u0159e tlamu, \u017eene do n\u00ed v\u00edtr, tak\u017ee se j\u00ed nadme t\u011blo, a pot\u00e9 ji probodne \u0161\u00edpem. Po jej\u00ed smrti rozd\u011bl\u00ed jej\u00ed t\u011blo na dv\u011b poloviny.<\/p><p>Z jedn\u00e9 utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nebeskou klenbu a osazuje z\u00e1vory, aby voda nevyt\u00e9kala; z druh\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed zemi. Z jej\u00edch o\u010d\u00ed pramen\u00ed \u0159eky Eufrat a Tigris, z ostatn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u011bla hory a prameny.<\/p><p>Sv\u011bt tu nevznik\u00e1 z ni\u010deho, n\u00fdbr\u017e z roz\u010dtvrcen\u00e9ho t\u011bla p\u0159emo\u017een\u00e9ho prvotn\u00edho tvora. Tento typ stvo\u0159itelsk\u00e9ho vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e jsou z usmrcen\u00e9 kosmick\u00e9 bytosti utvo\u0159eny \u010d\u00e1sti sv\u011bta, m\u00e1 paralely v jin\u00fdch mytologi\u00edch, nap\u0159\u00edklad v seversk\u00e9m vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o obru Ymirovi.<\/p><p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je teologick\u00e9 vyzn\u011bn\u00ed tohoto procesu: \u0159\u00e1d vznik\u00e1 z p\u0159emo\u017een\u00e9ho chaosu a z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 z n\u011bj utvo\u0159en. Nebe je Tiamatin\u00fdm t\u011blem. Chaos nezmizel beze stopy, ale vstoupil do struktury sv\u011bta. Tato p\u0159edstava d\u00e1v\u00e1 babylonsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159edstava o uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologii<\/span> jej\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp879b046 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp879b046\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3a61d80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp3a61d80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00fdtus o boji s chaosem: Tiamat ve srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm v\u00fdzkumu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf03eede e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpf03eede\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp81f1c08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp81f1c08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Boj s Tiamat je nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm mezopot\u00e1msk\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem \u0161iroce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9ho vyprav\u011b\u010dsk\u00e9ho vzoru, kter\u00fd v\u011bda ozna\u010duje jako <em>chaoskampf<\/em> (boj s chaosem): bo\u017estvo \u0159\u00e1du por\u00e1\u017e\u00ed chaotickou prabytost, \u010dasto spojenou s vodou nebo drakem, a z tohoto v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed vzejde uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sv\u011bt nebo vl\u00e1da.<\/p><p>P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed se objevuj\u00ed v z\u00e1padosemitsk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, nap\u0159\u00edklad v boji boha bou\u0159e Baala proti mo\u0159i <em>Jam<\/em> v ugaritsk\u00fdch textech, a v \u0159eck\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span> v boji Zeuse proti Typh\u00f3novi.<\/p><p>Stopy se objevuj\u00ed i v hebrejsk\u00e9 Bibli: na n\u011bkolika m\u00edstech, zejm\u00e9na v \u017dalmech a v knize Job, se nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na boj Boha proti mo\u0159sk\u00fdm oblud\u00e1m, jako je <em>Rahab<\/em> nebo <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145147\">Leviatan<\/a>.<\/p><p>Pojem <em>chaoskampf<\/em> zavedl teolog Hermann Gunkel, kter\u00fd v roce 1895 ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle <em>Sch\u00f6pfung und Chaos in Urzeit und Endzeit<\/em> rozpracoval souvislosti mezi babylonskou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologi\u00ed<\/span> a biblick\u00fdmi texty. Jeho teze vyvolaly debatu, kter\u00e1 trv\u00e1 dodnes.<\/p><p>Nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum je opatrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee jazykov\u00e1 podobnost, jako je ta mezi <em>Tiamat<\/em> a <em>tehom<\/em>, sama o sob\u011b neprokazuje p\u0159\u00edmou liter\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1vislost.<\/p><p>Kultury star\u00e9ho Orientu pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b sd\u00edlely spole\u010dn\u00fd okruh vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed, z n\u011bho\u017e si ka\u017ed\u00e1 vytvo\u0159ila vlastn\u00ed verzi. Tiamat v tomto obraze nen\u00ed zdrojem v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch m\u00fdt\u016f, ale zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b podrobn\u011b dochovan\u00fdm \u010dl\u00e1nkem \u0161irok\u00e9 tradice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp89c5abb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp89c5abb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ffef82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2ffef82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tiamat v modern\u00edm pojet\u00ed: od kl\u00ednopisn\u00e9ho textu k dra\u010d\u00ed kr\u00e1lovn\u011b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf6f8e9a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpf6f8e9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpebb5771 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpebb5771\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Znovuobjeven\u00ed Tiamat za\u010dalo v 19. stolet\u00ed. Hlin\u011bn\u00e9 tabulky <em>En\u00fama Eli\u0161<\/em> byly nalezeny p\u0159i vykop\u00e1vk\u00e1ch v Ninive a britsk\u00fd asyriolog George Smith je zpopularizoval v 70. letech 19. stolet\u00ed. T\u00edm se do pov\u011bdom\u00ed vr\u00e1til <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span>, na v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011b tis\u00edcilet\u00ed zapomenut\u00fd.<\/p><p>V odborn\u00e9 literatu\u0159e je Tiamat od t\u00e9 doby pova\u017eov\u00e1na za kl\u00ed\u010dovou postavu mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159edstava o uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a struktu\u0159e sv\u011bta v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologie<\/span>. V popul\u00e1rn\u00edm pojet\u00ed si v\u0161ak vytvo\u0159ila vlastn\u00ed kari\u00e9ru, \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b odpoutanou od pramen\u016f. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 je zobrazen\u00ed mohutn\u00e9 dra\u010dice.<\/p><p>Antick\u00e9 texty samy Tiamat jednozna\u010dn\u011b jako draka nepopisuj\u00ed; mluv\u00ed o n\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e jako o mo\u0159i a matce. Dra\u010d\u00ed podoba je p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b modern\u00edm v\u00fdtvorem, vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm z toho, \u017ee Tiamat vede arm\u00e1du drak\u016f a had\u016f.<\/p><p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 vlivn\u00e1 byla hra na hrdiny <em>Dungeons &amp; Dragons<\/em>, kter\u00e1 od 70. let 20. stolet\u00ed zavedla Tiamat jako p\u011btihlavou dra\u010d\u00ed kr\u00e1lovnu zla. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm t\u00e9to a podobn\u00fdch her, d\u00e1le rom\u00e1n\u016f, komiks\u016f a po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch her je jm\u00e9no zn\u00e1m\u00e9 \u0161irok\u00e9mu publiku, kter\u00e9 babylonskou p\u0159edlohu t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nezn\u00e1.<\/p><p>Pro religionistick\u00fd pohled je t\u0159eba tuto vrstvu jasn\u011b odd\u011blit od antick\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdomost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed mezi generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span>. Modern\u00ed dra\u010dice Tiamat je v\u00fdtvorem fantasy kultury; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 800 p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">antick\u00e1<\/span> Tiamat je zosobn\u011bn\u00fd slan\u00fd proud, prap\u016fvodn\u00ed matka a pora\u017een\u00fd chaos babylonsk\u00e9 u\u010den\u00e9 b\u00e1sn\u011b. Ob\u011b postavy nesou stejn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no, pat\u0159\u00ed v\u0161ak do odli\u0161n\u00fdch sv\u011bt\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145242\">Marduk, v\u00edt\u011bz v En\u00fama Eli\u0161<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145282\">Enki\/Ea, na po\u010d\u00e1tku m\u00fdtu zab\u00edj\u00ed Apsua<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145238\">Anu, jej\u00ed syn \/ vnuk<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145109\">Mezopot\u00e1mie, p\u0159ehled panteonu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145232\">Antibohov\u00e9, podkategorie<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145205\">Bohov\u00e9, p\u0159ehled t\u0159\u00edd<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (v\u00fdb\u011br)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Lambert, Wilfred G.: <em>Babylonian Creation Myths<\/em>. Winona Lake 2013.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Heidel, Alexander: <em>The Babylonian Genesis. The Story of Creation<\/em>. Chicago 1951.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Watkins, Calvert: <em>How to Kill a Dragon. Aspects of Indo-European Poetics<\/em>. Oxford 1995.<\/span><\/li><li>Walde, Christine (ed.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (heslo \u201eTiamat\u201c).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dal\u0161\u00ed standardn\u00ed d\u00edla v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145257\">seznamu literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00fb941 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"00fb941\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2decbcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2decbcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>\u010cast\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o Tiamat<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Kdo byla Tiamat v babylonsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v dan\u00e9 kultu\u0159e.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span>?<\/h3><p>Tiamat je prabohyn\u011b slan\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu v babylonsk\u00e9m m\u00fdtu o stvo\u0159en\u00ed Enuma Eli\u0161. Ona a jej\u00ed man\u017eel Apsu (sladkovodn\u00ed oce\u00e1n) jsou prvn\u00ed bytosti, jejich\u017e spojen\u00ed d\u00e1v\u00e1 vzniknout prvn\u00edm generac\u00edm boh\u016f. Mlad\u0161\u00ed bohov\u00e9 jsou v\u0161ak hlu\u010dn\u00ed a ru\u0161iv\u00ed; Apsu je chce zab\u00edt.<\/p><p>Tiamat v\u00e1h\u00e1, ale po smrti Apsua (zabit\u00e9ho Eou) vypust\u00ed arm\u00e1du drak\u016f a monster, aby se pomstila. Marduk, nejmlad\u0161\u00ed z boh\u016f, ji nakonec poraz\u00ed v jedin\u00e9m boji.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Jak Marduk stvo\u0159il sv\u011bt z Tiamatina t\u011bla?<\/h3><p>Po Mardukov\u011b v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad Tiamat rozetne jej\u00ed t\u011blo na dv\u011b poloviny: z horn\u00ed poloviny vytvo\u0159\u00ed klenbu nebes (s hv\u011bzdami a drahou slunce), z doln\u00ed poloviny zemi, hory a \u0159eky Eufrat a Tigris (z jej\u00edch o\u010d\u00ed).<\/p><p>Z krve jej\u00edho zabit\u00e9ho v\u016fdce Kingua Marduk sm\u00edch\u00e1 hl\u00ednu a stvo\u0159\u00ed prvn\u00ed lidi, ur\u010den\u00e9 k tomu, aby slou\u017eili boh\u016fm. M\u00fdtus o stvo\u0159en\u00ed vykazuje struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed paralely s vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edm Genesis (rozd\u011blen\u00ed vod, odd\u011blen\u00ed nebe a zem\u011b).<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Kdo byla Tiamat v babylonsk\u00e9 mytologii?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Tiamat je prabohyn\u011b slan\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu v babylonsk\u00e9m m\u00fdtu o stvo\u0159en\u00ed Enuma Eli\u0161. Ona a jej\u00ed man\u017eel Apsu (sladkovodn\u00ed oce\u00e1n) jsou prvn\u00ed bytosti, jejich\u017e spojen\u00ed d\u00e1v\u00e1 vzniknout prvn\u00edm generac\u00edm boh\u016f. Mlad\u0161\u00ed bohov\u00e9 jsou v\u0161ak hlu\u010dn\u00ed a ru\u0161iv\u00ed; Apsu je chce zab\u00edt.Tiamat v\u00e1h\u00e1, ale po smrti Apsua (zabit\u00e9ho Eou) vypust\u00ed arm\u00e1du drak\u016f a monster, aby se pomstila. 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M\u00fdtus o stvo\u0159en\u00ed vykazuje struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed paralely s vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edm Genesis (rozd\u011blen\u00ed vod, odd\u011blen\u00ed nebe a zem\u011b).\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1638,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Tiamat","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Tiamat \u2013 prastar\u00fd drak a chaos v Enuma Elish","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Matka boh\u016f, zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00ed chaosu, jej\u00ed por\u00e1\u017eka Mardukem a stvo\u0159en\u00ed sv\u011bta z jej\u00edho t\u011bla.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"4","wesen_kultur":"mesopotamien","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145333","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tiamat \u2013 prastar\u00fd drak a chaos v Enuma Elish<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Matka boh\u016f, zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00ed chaosu, jej\u00ed por\u00e1\u017eka Mardukem a stvo\u0159en\u00ed sv\u011bta z jej\u00edho t\u011bla.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/tiamat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta 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