{"id":145326,"date":"2026-09-03T16:29:15","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:29:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145326"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:53:01","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:53:01","slug":"ishtar","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/ishtar\/","title":{"rendered":"I\u0161tar"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145326\" class=\"elementor elementor-145326 elementor-2063 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">I\u0161tar, bohyn\u011b mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>I\u0161tar je bohyn\u011b mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 tradice.<\/p><p>Bohyn\u011b l\u00e1sky, v\u00e1lky a planety Venu\u0161e, divok\u00e1 vl\u00e1dkyn\u011b nebes. I\u0161tar (sumersky Inanna) je nejmocn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u017eensk\u00e1 bohyn\u011b Mezopot\u00e1mie a jen m\u00e1lo zkrotiteln\u00e1. Je z\u00e1rove\u0148 sv\u016fdn\u00e1 i bojovn\u00e1, laskav\u00e1 i hn\u011bviv\u00e1, bohyn\u011b, kter\u00e1 kr\u00e1l\u016fm d\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed a v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed hodin\u011b je zatracuje.<\/p><p>Vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed z Uruku nad l\u00e1skou a jit\u0159n\u00ed hv\u011bzdou, je obl\u00edbenou bohyn\u00ed lid\u00ed, ob\u00e1vanou i samotn\u00fdmi bohy.<p>I\u0161tar (sumersky Inanna) je centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eensk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span> mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9ho panteonu a spojuje zd\u00e1nliv\u011b protich\u016fdn\u00e9 sf\u00e9ry l\u00e1sky, v\u00e1lky a kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed.<\/p><p>Jej\u00ed hymnick\u00e9 texty (Enheduanna, cca 2300 p\u0159. n. l.) pat\u0159\u00ed k nejstar\u0161\u00edm dochovan\u00fdm autorizovan\u00fdm n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm text\u016fm. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">M\u00fdtus<\/span> o Inannin\u011b cest\u011b do podsv\u011bt\u00ed je jedn\u00edm z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch text\u016f mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span>. Jej\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo po cel\u00e9 semitsk\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 oblasti a ovlivnilo pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kulty Afrodity a Astart\u00e9. Jako bohyn\u011b l\u00e1sky a v\u00e1lky trvale formovala I\u0161tar n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd sv\u011bt Mezopot\u00e1mie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh \/ bohyn\u011b: Personifikovan\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc v panteonu ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury, s jasn\u011b vymezen\u00fdmi oblastmi p\u016fsobnosti, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edly, osud, v\u00e1lka, plodnost. Uct\u00edvan\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kult\u016f, ob\u011bt\u00ed a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch instituc\u00ed.\">Bohyn\u011b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145109\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Kol\u00e9bka zdokumentovan\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, As\u00fdrie (cca 3500 p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 330 p\u0159. n. l.).\">Mezopot\u00e1mie<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly 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8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ishtar-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1634\" alt=\"I\u0161tar\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ishtar-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ishtar-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ishtar-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ishtar.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">I\u0161tar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rychl\u00fd p\u0159ehled: I\u0161tar<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> Mezopotamsk\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed bo\u017estvo, bohyn\u011b l\u00e1sky a v\u00e1lky<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn v\u0161ech boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteon<\/span>: Akkad\/Babylon\/A\u0161\u0161ur (sumersk\u00fd prot\u011bj\u0161ek: Inanna)<br>Funkce: l\u00e1ska, sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed touha, v\u00e1lka, kosmick\u00e1 moc, hv\u011bzda Venu\u0161e<br>Hlavn\u00ed atributy: hv\u011bzdn\u00e1 koruna, lev jako j\u00edzdn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159e, luk a \u0161\u00edpy, osmic\u00edp\u00e1 hv\u011bzda (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>)<br>Hlavn\u00ed kultovn\u00ed m\u00edsta: Ninive (chr\u00e1m E-mash-mash), Uruk (Eanna), Babylon (I\u0161ta\u0159ina br\u00e1na)<br>Astronomick\u00e1 identifikace: Venu\u0161e (Dilbat)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>I\u0161tar je dolo\u017eena od staroakkadsk\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed (3. tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l.) jako akkadizace sumersk\u00e9 <em>Inanny<\/em> (v Uruku). Hlavn\u00ed obdob\u00ed rozkv\u011btu jej\u00edho uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed: starobabylonsk\u00e9, st\u0159edobabylonsk\u00e9 a novobabylonsk\u00e9 obdob\u00ed.<\/p><p>V Asyrsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i byla hlavn\u00ed bohyn\u00ed Ninive a Arbely, ochr\u00e1nkyn\u00ed asyrsk\u00fdch kr\u00e1l\u016f. Slavn\u00e1 <em>I\u0161ta\u0159ina br\u00e1na<\/em> Babylonu (dnes v Berl\u00edn\u011b) je jednou z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch dochovan\u00fdch staveb starov\u011bku. V biblick\u00e9 tradici je zmi\u0148ov\u00e1na jako <em>A\u0161toret<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hlavn\u00ed kultovn\u00ed m\u00edsta: <strong>Ninive<\/strong> (E-mash-mash-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span>, v pozdn\u011b asyrsk\u00e9m obdob\u00ed hlavn\u00ed kultovn\u00ed m\u00edsto), <strong>Uruk<\/strong> (Eanna-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> jako Inannina <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u00edsto zasv\u011bcen\u00e9 uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva.\" tabindex=\"0\">svatyn\u011b<\/span>), <strong>Babylon<\/strong> (I\u0161ta\u0159ina br\u00e1na, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> v komplexu Esagila), <strong>Arbela<\/strong> (dne\u0161n\u00ed Erbil, jedno z nejstar\u0161\u00edch nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b os\u00eddlen\u00fdch m\u011bst). V Akkadu byla hlavn\u00ed bohyn\u00ed Sargona. Ve St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed se p\u0159es Astart\u00e9 stala p\u0159edch\u016fdkyn\u00ed Afrodity.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 prameny: mytologick\u00fd cyklus <em>Inanna a Dumuzi<\/em> (Sumer), <em>Inannin sestup do podsv\u011bt\u00ed<\/em>, <em>Epos o Gilgame\u0161ovi<\/em> (tabulka VI, I\u0161tar \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 Gilgame\u0161e o ruku), <em>Inanna a Enki<\/em>, <em>Hymnus na I\u0161tar<\/em>, novoasyrsk\u00e9 n\u00e1pisy o I\u0161tar z Arbely. Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed literatura: Wolkstein\/Kramer, <em>Inanna. Queen of Heaven and Earth<\/em>; Foster, <em>Before the Muses<\/em>; Black\/Green, <em>Gods, Demons and Symbols<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>I\u0161tar je zobrazov\u00e1na ve dvoj\u00ed podob\u011b: naho\u0159e v pr\u016fsvitn\u00e9m rouchu, s korunou moci a nah\u00fdm nebo bojovn\u00fdm t\u011blem; dole vyzbrojen\u00e1 jako v\u00e1le\u010dnice s kop\u00edm a \u0161t\u00edtem, u nohou se lvem nebo panterem.<\/p><p>Charakteristick\u00e1 je pro ni osmic\u00edp\u00e1 hv\u011bzdn\u00e1 koruna, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou my\u0161lenku nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> jit\u0159n\u00ed hv\u011bzdy (Venu\u0161e). Jej\u00ed zbran\u00ed je <em>piyattu<\/em> (ohniv\u00e9 kop\u00ed). Doprov\u00e1zet ji m\u016f\u017ee \u0161t\u00edr nebo holubice. \u010casto je zobrazov\u00e1na kle\u010d\u00edc\u00ed nebo stoj\u00edc\u00ed v bojov\u00e9m postoji.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charakteristiky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>I\u0161tar je bohyn\u011b svat\u00e9 prostituce, v\u00e1le\u010dnice, str\u00e1\u017ekyn\u011b pr\u00e1va a moci. Rozhoduje o v\u00fdsledku bitev a podle n\u00e1lady kr\u00e1le bu\u010f blahoslav\u00ed, nebo zatracuje. V <em>I\u0161ta\u0159in\u011b sestupu<\/em> je provedena sedmi branami podsv\u011bt\u00ed jako trest za svou p\u00fdchu, hlubok\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytick\u00e9<\/span> vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o \u017eensk\u00e9 moci a jej\u00edch hranic\u00edch.<\/p><p><em>Hierodulky<\/em> (svat\u00e9 kn\u011b\u017eky) slou\u017eily v jej\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mu<\/span>. Konaly se velk\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky na jej\u00ed po\u010dest, liturgick\u00e9 svatby (<em>hieros gamos<\/em>) s kr\u00e1li a za v\u00e1lek hromadn\u00e9 ob\u011bti. I\u0161tar byla bohyn\u00ed lidu, bezprost\u0159edn\u011b vz\u00fdvanou i bezprost\u0159edn\u011b ob\u00e1vanou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: I\u0161tar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekty I\u0161tar na jeden pohled. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed pole shrnuj\u00ed p\u016fvod, funkci, vzhled, uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, symboly a paralely.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fvod<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>I\u0161tar je dcerou boha m\u011bs\u00edce <em>Sina<\/em> (Nanny) a bohyn\u011b <em>Ningal<\/em>, sestrou boha slunce <em>\u0160ama\u0161e<\/em>. V sumersk\u00e9m prot\u011bj\u0161ku <em>Inann\u011b<\/em> je dcerou Ana a Nammu. Man\u017eelem bohyn\u011b l\u00e1sky je <em>Dumuzi<\/em> (akadsky Tammuz), mlad\u00fd pasteveck\u00fdm a vegeta\u010dn\u00ed b\u016fh.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">M\u00fdtus<\/span> o <em>Inannin\u00fdm sestupu<\/em>: sestupuje do podsv\u011bt\u00ed ke sv\u00e9 sest\u0159e Ere\u0161kigal, je zde nejprve zabita a pot\u00e9 Eou op\u011bt o\u017eivena, Dumuzi mus\u00ed jako sm\u00edr sestoupit do podsv\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vztahuje se na<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dvoj\u00ed funkce: bohyn\u011b l\u00e1sky a v\u00e1lky (spojen\u00e9 v jedn\u00e9 podob\u011b, ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b jedine\u010dn\u00e9 spojen\u00ed). Aspekt l\u00e1sky: smysln\u00e1 touha, erotick\u00e1 p\u0159ita\u017elivost, uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed man\u017eelstv\u00ed. Aspekt v\u00e1lky: kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e1 bitva, veden\u00ed vojsk. Astronomicky: jit\u0159enka a ve\u010dernice (Venu\u0161e). V osobn\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo svat\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span> tak\u00e9 patronka \u017een, chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch kn\u011b\u017eek (<em>nad\u012btu<\/em>) a v\u011b\u0161tky\u0148.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Podoba I\u0161tar<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Antropomorfn\u011b zobrazov\u00e1na jako kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 mlad\u00e1 \u017eena v dlouh\u00e9m vrstven\u00e9m rouchu, s <em>hv\u011bzdnou korunou<\/em> nebo vysokou diad\u00e9movou \u010dapkou. Charakteristick\u00e9 atributy: <em>luk a \u0161\u00edp<\/em> (v\u00e1lka), <em>dvojit\u00e1 palice<\/em> (v\u00e1lka), <em>osmic\u00edp\u00e1 hv\u011bzda<\/em> (jej\u00ed hlavn\u00ed symbol, zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed Venu\u0161i). J\u00edzdn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159e: <em>lev<\/em> (\u010dasto stoj\u00ed na p\u00e1ru lv\u016f). Existuje i nah\u00e1 podoba (tradice Inanna-A\u0161tart\u00e9) na terakotov\u00fdch reli\u00e9fech. V novobabylonsk\u00e9 dob\u011b se osmic\u00edp\u00e1 hv\u011bzda samostatn\u011b objevuje jako bo\u017esk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> na st\u00e9l\u00e1ch a pe\u010det\u00edch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Oblast p\u016fsoben\u00ed:<\/strong> I\u0161tar byla vz\u00fdv\u00e1na v\u0161emi vrstvami spole\u010dnosti, \u017eenami v milostn\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitostech, kr\u00e1li p\u0159ed bitvami, kn\u011b\u017e\u00edmi p\u0159i v\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p><p>Asyr\u0161t\u00ed kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 (Sargon II., Senacherib, Asarhaddon) byli jej\u00edmi zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmi chr\u00e1n\u011bnci, p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m ta\u017een\u00ed kr\u00e1l vz\u00fdval \u201eI\u0161tar z Arbely\u201c. V Uruku vedly provoz chr\u00e1mu kn\u011b\u017eky <em>nad\u012btu<\/em>. Osobn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vac\u00ed obracen\u00ed se k bo\u017estvu nebo s\u00edle.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> prob\u00edhalo s cedrov\u00fdm kadidlem a pra\u017een\u00edm skopov\u00e9ho masa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrana<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Osmic\u00edp\u00e1 hv\u011bzda (hlavn\u00ed symbol, zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed Venu\u0161i), luk a \u0161\u00edp, dvojit\u00e1 palice, lev (j\u00edzdn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159e), hv\u011bzdn\u00e1 koruna, vysok\u00e1 diad\u00e9mov\u00e1 \u010dapka, vrstven\u00e9 roucho. Rostliny: cedr, datle, lilie. Svat\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata: lev (zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b doprov\u00e1zen\u00fd draky mu\u0161chu\u0161\u0161u), had.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Obdoby<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Inanna<\/em> (Sumer, p\u0159edch\u016fdkyn\u011b), <em>A\u0161tart\u00e9<\/em> (F\u00e9nicie, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 toto\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159ejet\u00ed), <em>Anat<\/em> (Ugarit), <em>Ashtoreth<\/em> (hebrejsky, biblick\u00e1 zm\u00ednka), <em>Afrodita<\/em> (\u0158ecko, aspekt l\u00e1sky), <em>Ath\u00e9na<\/em> (\u0158ecko, aspekt v\u00e1lky), <em>Venu\u0161e<\/em> (\u0158\u00edm, astronomicky), <em>Hathor<\/em> (Egypt, pozdn\u00ed synkretismus), <em>Freya<\/em> (germ\u00e1nsk\u00e1 kultura, l\u00e1ska a v\u00fdb\u011br padl\u00fdch), <em>Durga<\/em> (hinduismus, bohyn\u011b v\u00e1lky na lvu).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Praktick\u00e1 ochrana<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Uct\u00edvac\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly<\/strong><\/p><p>I\u0161tar (sumersky Inanna) byla jedn\u00edm z \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edch bo\u017estev Mezopot\u00e1mie, z\u00e1rove\u0148 bohyn\u00ed l\u00e1sky, v\u00e1lky i Venu\u0161e. Jej\u00edm hlavn\u00edm svatost\u00e1nkem byla Eanna v Uruku (4.\u20133. tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l.).<\/p><p>Ritu\u00e1ly posv\u00e1tn\u00e9ho s\u0148atku <em>hieros gamos<\/em> (sumersky <em>nig-mussa-tum<\/em>) mezi kr\u00e1lem a nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kn\u011b\u017ekou coby zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00edm Inanny jsou dolo\u017eeny od dob \u0160ulgiho a Sin-Iddinama (III. dynastie z Uru) (srov. Frymer-Kensky, <em>In the Wake of the Goddesses<\/em>). Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jej\u00edho kultu byla chr\u00e1mov\u00e1 prostituce (sumersky <em>nu-gig<\/em>), religionistick\u00fdm b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm v\u0161ak hodnocen\u00e1 jako sporn\u00fd n\u00e1lez (srov. Lambert, Roth).<\/p><p><strong>Vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00dast\u0159edn\u00edmi mytologick\u00fdmi texty jsou \u201eSestup Inanny do podsv\u011bt\u00ed\u201c (sumersky, Kramer, <em>The Sumerians<\/em>) a jeho akkadsk\u00fd prot\u011bj\u0161ek \u201eI\u0161ta\u0159in sestup do podsv\u011bt\u00ed\u201c (Foster). \u201eVelk\u00fd hymnus na I\u0161tar\u201c Naram-Sina (Akkad, kolem 2250 p\u0159. n. l.) je nejstar\u0161\u00edm osobn\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo zakl\u00ednac\u00ed osloven\u00ed bo\u017estva \u010di moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00edm<\/span> k n\u00ed. Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed modlitba \u201e\u0161u\u02beila\u201c (modlitba se zdvi\u017een\u00fdma rukama) se k I\u0161tar \u010dasto obracela v osobn\u00ed krizi.<\/p><p><strong>Amulety a ochrann\u00e9 symboly<\/strong><\/p><p>Osmic\u00edp\u00e1 hv\u011bzda (symbol Venu\u0161e) na babylonsk\u00fdch v\u00e1lcov\u00fdch pe\u010det\u00edch a hrani\u010dn\u00edch kamenech (srov. Black\/Green). Lev jako pr\u016fvodce (jezd\u00ed na lvu, v\u016fz ta\u017een\u00fd sedmi lvy). Apotropaick\u00e9 hlin\u011bn\u00e9 figurky nah\u00fdch \u017een s rukama pod \u0148adry (I\u0161ta\u0159ina zobrazen\u00ed) byly zakop\u00e1v\u00e1ny ve st\u011bn\u00e1ch dom\u016f (Ur, Larsa, Sippar, vykop\u00e1vky Woolleyho).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">I\u0161tar, obdoby v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>I\u0161tar m\u00e1 spole\u010dnou s Afroditou (\u0158ecko) l\u00e1sku, s Ath\u00e9nou (\u0158ecko) aspekt v\u00e1lky. S Isis (Egypt) ji spojuje nevyzpytateln\u00e1 \u017eensk\u00e1 moc. V indick\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch se podob\u00e1 Durze nebo K\u00e1l\u00ed, divok\u00e9mu, ni\u010div\u00e9mu, ale \u017eivotn\u011b nezbytn\u00e9mu \u017eensk\u00e9mu principu. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 jin\u00e1 bohyn\u011b star\u00e9ho Orientu nen\u00ed tak psychologicky komplexn\u00ed a kulturn\u011b z\u00e1sadn\u00ed jako I\u0161tar.<\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa0b1f45 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa0b1f45\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp66dddd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp66dddd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Inanna a I\u0161tar: jedna bohyn\u011b ve dvou jazyc\u00edch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp466eb10 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp466eb10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf447111 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpf447111\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Za jm\u00e9nem I\u0161tar se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 jedna z nejstar\u0161\u00edch a nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch bohyn\u00ed Mezopot\u00e1mie.<\/p><p>V sumersk\u00fdch pramenech se jmenuje <em>Inanna<\/em>, v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch akkadsk\u00fdch, babylonsk\u00fdch a asyrsk\u00fdch textech <em>I\u0161tar<\/em>. Badatel\u00e9 se shoduj\u00ed, \u017ee akkadsk\u00e1 I\u0161tar byla z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti ztoto\u017en\u011bna se sumerskou Inannou, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e do t\u00e9to postavy splynula i p\u016fvodn\u011b samostatn\u00e1 semitsk\u00e1 bohyn\u011b. B\u011bhem tis\u00edcilet\u00ed se tak spojily r\u016fzn\u00e9 tradi\u010dn\u00ed linie.<\/p><p>I\u0161tar v sob\u011b spojuje oblasti, kter\u00e9 se na prvn\u00ed pohled zdaj\u00ed protikladn\u00e9. Je bohyn\u00ed pohlavn\u00ed l\u00e1sky a z\u00e1rove\u0148 bohyn\u00ed v\u00e1lky. Zastupuje jak touhu a p\u0159ita\u017elivost, tak boj a n\u00e1sil\u00ed.<\/p><p>Star\u0161\u00ed badatel\u00e9 v tom n\u011bkdy vid\u011bli rozpor nebo sou\u017eit\u00ed dvou bohyn\u00ed. Nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce naopak zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee ob\u011b oblasti spojuje v mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9m my\u0161len\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e1 vlastnost: hrani\u010dn\u00ed, \u0159\u00e1d rozvracej\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edla, kter\u00e1 se projevuje jak ve v\u00e1\u0161ni, tak ve v\u00e1lce.<\/p><p>Jej\u00edm astr\u00e1ln\u00edm aspektem je planeta Venu\u0161e. Jako jit\u0159n\u00ed i ve\u010dern\u00ed hv\u011bzda byla I\u0161tar spojov\u00e1na s nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm t\u011blesem na obloze po Slunci a M\u011bs\u00edci. I zde se projevuje jej\u00ed dvoj\u00ed povaha, nebo\u0165 planeta se objevuje jednou r\u00e1no a jednou ve\u010der.<\/p><p>Toto spojen\u00ed s Venu\u0161\u00ed m\u00e1 v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed dalekos\u00e1hl\u00e9 d\u016fsledky, proto\u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed spojnici k pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm bohyn\u00edm l\u00e1sky ve St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed, k f\u00e9ni\u010dsk\u00e9 Astart\u00e9 a k \u0159eck\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145406\">Afrodit\u011b<\/a>, kter\u00e9 byly rovn\u011b\u017e spojov\u00e1ny s planetou Venu\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp17a967f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp17a967f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb04c62b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpb04c62b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">I\u0161ta\u0159ina cesta do podsv\u011bt\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe59b334 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpe59b334\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cped066e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cped066e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm souvisl\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtem<\/span> o I\u0161ta\u0159e je jej\u00ed sestup do podsv\u011bt\u00ed. Je zachycen jak ve star\u0161\u00ed sumersk\u00e9 verzi <em>Inannin sestup do podsv\u011bt\u00ed<\/em>, tak v krat\u0161\u00ed akkadsk\u00e9 verzi <em>I\u0161ta\u0159ina cesta do podsv\u011bt\u00ed<\/em>. Bohyn\u011b se rozhodne sestoupit do \u0159\u00ed\u0161e mrtv\u00fdch, kterou vl\u00e1dne jej\u00ed sestra Ere\u0161kigal.<\/p><p>Na cest\u011b sedmi branami podsv\u011bt\u00ed mus\u00ed I\u0161tar u ka\u017ed\u00e9 br\u00e1ny odlo\u017eit \u010d\u00e1st od\u011bvu nebo \u0161perk, znamen\u00ed sv\u00e9 moci.<\/p><p>Nah\u00e1 a zbaven\u00e1 sv\u00fdch insigni\u00ed p\u0159edstoup\u00ed kone\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ed Ere\u0161kigal a je tam zabita, jej\u00ed t\u011blo je pov\u011b\u0161eno. Se smrt\u00ed bohyn\u011b l\u00e1sky na zemi zanik\u00e1 ve\u0161ker\u00e1 plodnost, lid\u00e9 i zv\u00ed\u0159ata p\u0159est\u00e1vaj\u00ed plodit potomky.<\/p><p>Na z\u00e1sah vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch boh\u016f je I\u0161tar znovu vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161ena a m\u016f\u017ee podsv\u011bt\u00ed opustit, av\u0161ak z\u00e1kon \u0159\u00ed\u0161e mrtv\u00fdch vy\u017eaduje n\u00e1hradu. V sumersk\u00e9 verzi je za ni ur\u010den jej\u00ed man\u017eel Dumuzi, akkadsky Tammuz, kter\u00fd mus\u00ed odtud d\u00e1le str\u00e1vit \u010d\u00e1st roku v podsv\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p><p>Tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> je pro <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm zp\u016fsobem a bez vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistiku<\/span> v\u00fdznamn\u00fd z n\u011bkolika hledisek. Spojuje bohyni se st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00edm plodnosti a neplodnosti a nab\u00edz\u00ed tak ran\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivu<\/span> boha vegetace, do\u010dasn\u011b v\u00e1zan\u00e9ho v podsv\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p><p>Postupn\u00e9 odkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed insigni\u00ed u sedmi bran z\u00e1rove\u0148 odhaluje promy\u0161lenou ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159edstavu. Star\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdklad tohoto m\u00fdtu jako \u010dist\u011b vegeta\u010dn\u00edho se dnes pova\u017euje za p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u00fazk\u00fd; badatel\u00e9 v\u00edce zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed t\u00e9mata moci, bezmoci a hranice mezi sv\u011bty.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp83c3e12 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp83c3e12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe241c29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpe241c29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chr\u00e1my, kn\u011b\u017estvo a kultovn\u00ed praxe<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb2ed9a1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb2ed9a1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp598d56f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp598d56f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>I\u0161tar m\u011bla v mnoha m\u011bstech Mezopot\u00e1mie <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1my<\/span> a svatyn\u011b. Starobyl\u00fdm centrem jej\u00edho kultu bylo m\u011bsto Uruk, kde st\u00e1la velk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Svat\u00e9 m\u00edsto zasv\u011bcen\u00e9 uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva.\" tabindex=\"0\">svatyn\u011b<\/span> <em>Eanna<\/em>, d\u016fm nebes.<\/p><p>Tak\u00e9 v Ninive a dal\u0161\u00edch asyrsk\u00fdch m\u011bstech byla vedouc\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvem<\/span>; asyr\u0161t\u00ed kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 vz\u00fdvali I\u0161tar jako pomocnici v bitv\u00e1ch a p\u0159i\u010d\u00edtali j\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed.<\/p><p>Ke kultovn\u00ed praxi pat\u0159il rozmanit\u00fd okruh chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch sluh\u016f a osob prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch kultovn\u00ed \u00fakony. Kl\u00ednopisn\u00e9 prameny uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 skupiny osob ve slu\u017eb\u00e1ch I\u0161tary, mezi nimi i takov\u00e9, jejich\u017e genderov\u00e1 role je popisov\u00e1na jako stoj\u00edc\u00ed mimo b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 kategorie. Star\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdklady \u010dasto popisovaly I\u0161ta\u0159in kult heslem chr\u00e1mov\u00e9 prostituce.<\/p><p>Nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bad\u00e1n\u00ed je v tomto ohledu v\u00fdrazn\u011b obez\u0159etn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee antick\u00e9 doklady pro tento jev, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm slavn\u00e1 zm\u00ednka u Herodota, p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed z vn\u011bj\u0161ku, mohou b\u00fdt zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed a nemus\u00ed se snadno shodovat s dom\u00e1c\u00edmi kl\u00ednopisn\u00fdmi prameny. P\u0159esn\u00e1 povaha sexu\u00e1ln\u011b zabarven\u00fdch kultovn\u00edch prvk\u016f z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 sporn\u00e1.<\/p><p>Naproti tomu dob\u0159e dokumentovan\u00e9 jsou hymny a modlitby k I\u0161ta\u0159e, pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed k nejp\u016fsobiv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm text\u016fm mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 literatury. Oslavuj\u00ed jej\u00ed moc, popisuj\u00ed jej\u00ed kr\u00e1su a hr\u016fzu a pros\u00ed o jej\u00ed pomoc.<\/p><p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 z t\u011bchto text\u016f byly p\u0159isouzeny postav\u00e1m, je\u017e formovaly tradici, nap\u0159\u00edklad staroakkadsk\u00e9 kn\u011b\u017ece a b\u00e1sn\u00ed\u0159ce Enheduann\u011b, j\u00ed\u017e se p\u0159isuzuje n\u011bkolik hymn\u016f na Inannu. Takov\u00e9 texty ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee I\u0161tar nebyla jen p\u0159edm\u011btem ofici\u00e1ln\u00edho st\u00e1tn\u00edho kultu, ale i osobn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pro\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd postoj a praxe \u010dlov\u011bka.\" tabindex=\"0\">zbo\u017enosti<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdeae2cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpdeae2cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ae6994 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2ae6994\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">I\u0161tar v Eposu o Gilgame\u0161ovi a v kulturn\u00ed pam\u011bti<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdf5e8d3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpdf5e8d3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7b60050 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp7b60050\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jedna slavn\u00e1 liter\u00e1rn\u00ed epizoda ukazuje I\u0161tar v kritick\u00e9m sv\u011btle. V <em>Eposu o Gilgame\u0161ovi<\/em>, nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm d\u00edle mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 literatury, se bohyn\u011b dvo\u0159\u00ed hrdinovi Gilgame\u0161ovi a nab\u00edz\u00ed mu s\u0148atek. Gilgame\u0161 odm\u00edt\u00e1 a p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 j\u00ed osud jej\u00edch d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch milenc\u016f, kter\u00fdm jej\u00ed l\u00e1ska p\u0159inesla ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Dumuzimu.<\/p><p>Rozho\u0159\u010den\u00e1 I\u0161tar \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 sv\u00e9ho otce o Nebesk\u00e9ho b\u00fdka, aby Gilgame\u0161e potrestala, a t\u00edm zp\u016fsob\u00ed velk\u00e9 ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, dokud b\u00fdka nezabij\u00ed Gilgame\u0161 a Enkidu.<\/p><p>Tato epizoda je z n\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistorick\u00e9ho hlediska pou\u010dn\u00e1, proto\u017ee ukazuje, \u017ee mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e1 poezie mohla sv\u00fdm boh\u016fm p\u0159isuzovat i hn\u011bviv\u00e9, nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a ura\u017een\u00e9 rysy. I\u0161tar se zde jev\u00ed jako mocn\u00e1, v\u00e1\u0161niv\u00e1 a nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e1. Text ji t\u00edm nesni\u017euje, ale zp\u0159\u00edtom\u0148uje jej\u00ed hranice p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed povahu.<\/p><p>V kulturn\u00ed pam\u011bti z\u016fstala I\u0161tar p\u0159\u00edtomna p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dv\u011bma cestami. Jednou z nich je archeologick\u00e9 znovuobjeven\u00ed Mezopot\u00e1mie v 19. a 20. stolet\u00ed. Slavn\u00e1 je rekonstruovan\u00e1 I\u0161ta\u0159ina br\u00e1na v Babylonu se svou st\u011bnou z modr\u00fdch glazovan\u00fdch cihel, kter\u00e1 dnes stoj\u00ed v jednom berl\u00ednsk\u00e9m muzeu a kter\u00e1 zviditel\u0148uje v\u00fdznam bohyn\u011b pro babylonsk\u00e9 m\u011bsto.<\/p><p>Druh\u00e1 cesta vede p\u0159es samotn\u00e9 d\u011bjiny n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed: spojen\u00ed l\u00e1sky, v\u00e1lky a planety Venu\u0161e d\u011bl\u00e1 z I\u0161tar kl\u00ed\u010d k pochopen\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch bohyn\u00ed v\u00fdchodn\u00edho St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed. B\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v n\u00ed vid\u00ed jednu z nejvlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u017eensk\u00fdch bo\u017estev star\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, jej\u00ed\u017e stopy lze sledovat od Sumeru a\u017e po \u0159eck\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145283\">Ere\u0161kigal, sestra v podsv\u011bt\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145242\">Marduk, nad\u0159azen\u00fd v novobabylonsk\u00e9m panteonu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145406\">Afrodita, \u0159eck\u00e1 paralela l\u00e1sky<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145109\">Mezopot\u00e1mie, p\u0159ehled panteonu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145234\">Vysok\u00e1 bo\u017estva, podkategorie<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145205\">Bohov\u00e9, p\u0159ehled t\u0159\u00edd<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prameny a literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Wolkstein, Diane \/ Kramer, Samuel Noah: <em>Inanna. Queen of Heaven and Earth<\/em>. New York 1983.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Foster, Benjamin R.: <em>Before the Muses. An Anthology of Akkadian Literature<\/em>. Bethesda 2005.<\/span><\/li><li>Walde, Christine (Hg.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (heslo &bdquo;Ishtar&ldquo; &bdquo;Inanna&ldquo;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dal\u0161\u00ed standardn\u00ed d\u00edla v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145257\">seznamu literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50dfa77 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"50dfa77\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b31968c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b31968c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o I\u0161tar<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Kdo byla I\u0161tar v babylonsko-asyrsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span>?<\/h3><p>I\u0161tar (akkadsky I\u0161tar, sumersky Inanna) byla nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bohyn\u00ed Mezopot\u00e1mie, z\u00e1rove\u0148 bohyn\u00ed l\u00e1sky, plodnosti a v\u00e1lky. Tato protikladn\u00e1 dvoj\u00ed funkce (l\u00e1ska a v\u00e1lka) je typick\u00e1 pro jej\u00ed ambivalenci.<\/p><p>Jej\u00edm nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtem<\/span> je Sestup Inanny\/I\u0161tar do podsv\u011bt\u00ed, sestupuje do podsv\u011bt\u00ed ke sv\u00e9 sest\u0159e Ere\u0161kigal a na cest\u011b je zbavena sv\u00fdch sedmi \u0161perk\u016f (sedm bran, u ka\u017ed\u00e9 odlo\u017eeno jedno kus). Dole um\u00edr\u00e1 a vrac\u00ed se zp\u011bt jen d\u00edky bo\u017esk\u00e9mu z\u00e1sahu, jde o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> o vegetativn\u00ed obnov\u011b.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Co je I\u0161ta\u0159ina br\u00e1na?<\/h3><p>I\u0161ta\u0159ina br\u00e1na byla osmou m\u011bstskou branou babylonsk\u00e9ho hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Babylonu, postavenou kolem roku 575 p\u0159. n. l. za Nabukadnezara II. Byla to dvojit\u00e1 br\u00e1na z mod\u0159e glazovan\u00fdch cihel, zdoben\u00e1 reli\u00e9fy b\u00fdk\u016f (pro boha po\u010das\u00ed Adada), drak\u016f (Mu\u0161\u1e2bu\u0161\u0161u, pro Marduka) a lv\u016f (pro I\u0161tar).<\/p><p>Byla jednou z nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch staveb starov\u011bk\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b se pr\u00e1v\u011b na ni mysl\u00ed, kdy\u017e jsou Visut\u00e9 zahrady Babylonu zmi\u0148ov\u00e1ny jako div sv\u011bta. Rekonstruovan\u00e1 p\u0159edn\u00ed strana br\u00e1ny je dnes hlavn\u00edm expon\u00e1tem Pergamonsk\u00e9ho muzea v Berl\u00edn\u011b.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Kdo byla I\u0161tar v babylonsko-asyrsk\u00e9 mytologii?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"I\u0161tar (akkadsky I\u0161tar, sumersky Inanna) byla nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bohyn\u00ed Mezopot\u00e1mie, z\u00e1rove\u0148 bohyn\u00ed l\u00e1sky, plodnosti a v\u00e1lky. Tato protikladn\u00e1 dvoj\u00ed funkce (l\u00e1ska a v\u00e1lka) je typick\u00e1 pro jej\u00ed ambivalenci.Jej\u00edm nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u00fdtem je Sestup Inanny\/I\u0161tar do podsv\u011bt\u00ed, sestupuje do podsv\u011bt\u00ed ke sv\u00e9 sest\u0159e Ere\u0161kigal a na cest\u011b je zbavena sv\u00fdch sedmi \u0161perk\u016f (sedm bran, u ka\u017ed\u00e9 odlo\u017eeno jedno kus). 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