{"id":145312,"date":"2026-09-03T16:29:07","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:29:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145312"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:52:38","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:52:38","slug":"artemis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/artemis\/","title":{"rendered":"Artemis"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145312\" class=\"elementor elementor-145312 elementor-2035 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Artemis, bohyn\u011b \u0159eck\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Artemis je bohyn\u011b \u0159eck\u00e9 tradice.<\/p><p>Bohyn\u011b lovu, m\u011bs\u00edce a divo\u010diny, neprovdan\u00e1 vl\u00e1dkyn\u011b p\u0159\u00edrody. Artemis je dvoj\u010de Apoll\u00f3na a jedna z m\u00e1la olympsk\u00fdch bohy\u0148, kter\u00e9 si zachovaly panenstv\u00ed a prosadily svou nez\u00e1vislost na mu\u017e\u00edch. Se sv\u00fdm lukem a \u0161\u00edpy hl\u00edd\u00e1 jeleny, srny a v\u0161echna divok\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Je ochr\u00e1nkyn\u00ed \u017een, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i porodu a v \u017eensk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00edch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh \/ bohyn\u011b: Personifikovan\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc v panteonu dan\u00e9 kultury, s jasn\u00fdmi pravomocemi, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edly, osud, v\u00e1lka, plodnost. Uct\u00edv\u00e1na prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kult\u016f, ob\u011bt\u00ed a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch instituc\u00ed.\">Bohyn\u011b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145121\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a mytologie starov\u011bk\u00e9ho \u0158ecka od myk\u00e9nsk\u00e9 doby a\u017e po pozdn\u00ed antiku.\">\u0158ecko<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny 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8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 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24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_artemis-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147647\" alt=\"Artemis - bohov\u00e9 z \u0159eck\u00e9 tradice, historicky-ilustrativn\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_artemis-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_artemis-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_artemis-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_artemis.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Artemis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rychl\u00fd p\u0159ehled: Artemis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> hlavn\u00ed \u0159eck\u00e9 bo\u017estvo, bohyn\u011b lovu a m\u011bs\u00edce, ochr\u00e1nkyn\u011b panen<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteon<\/span>: \u0158ecko (jedna z dvan\u00e1cti olympsk\u00fdch boh\u016f), v \u0158\u00edm\u011b p\u0159evzata jako Diana<br>Funkce: lov, divok\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edroda, b\u011bh m\u011bs\u00edce, ochrana \u017een p\u0159i porodn\u00edch bolestech, panenstv\u00ed<br>Hlavn\u00ed atributy: luk se zlat\u00fdmi \u0161\u00edpy, m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed srp, la\u0148, kr\u00e1tk\u00fd loveck\u00fd od\u011bv<br>Hlavn\u00ed kultovn\u00ed m\u00edsta: Efesos (Artemision, div sv\u011bta), Brauron (Attika), Sparta (Artemis Orthia), D\u00e9los (rodn\u00e9 m\u00edsto)<br>\u0158\u00edmsk\u00fd prot\u011bj\u0161ek: Diana<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Artemis je od Hom\u00e9ra (8. stol. p\u0159. n. l.) \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed postavou \u0159eck\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultu\u0159e.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span>. Jej\u00ed hlavn\u00ed svatyn\u011b, <em>Artemision<\/em> v Efesu, pat\u0159ila mezi <em>sedm div\u016f <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Obdob\u00ed \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b od 800 p\u0159. n. l. do 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">starov\u011bku<\/span><\/em> (postavena od 6. stol. p\u0159. n. l., vyp\u00e1lena H\u00e9rostratem roku 356 p\u0159. n. l., znovu vystav\u011bna a nakonec ve 3. stol. n. l. zni\u010dena).<\/p><p>V Efesu je ov\u0161em Artemis ji\u017e synt\u00e9zou \u0159eck\u00e9 Artemis a p\u0159edhel\u00e9nistick\u00e9 anatolsk\u00e9 bohyn\u011b matky (Kybel\u00e9\/Kubaba); k t\u00e9to maloasijsk\u00e9 podob\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed proslul\u00e9 sochy s mnoha \u0148adry. V hel\u00e9nistick\u00e9m obdob\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed k dal\u0161\u00edmu synkretismu s Hekat\u00e9 (Artemis-Hekat\u00e9) a Selen\u00e9 (m\u011bs\u00edcem). V Nov\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b, ve Skutc\u00edch apo\u0161tol\u016f 19, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed slavn\u00e1 epizoda o st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00edc\u00edch v Efesu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hlavn\u00ed kultovn\u00ed m\u00edsta: <strong>Efesos<\/strong> (Artemision, nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed svatyn\u011b; s mnohoprsou anatolsko-\u0159eckou sm\u00ed\u0161enou podobou), <strong>Brauron<\/strong> (Attika, s d\u00edv\u010d\u00edmi iniciacemi, tzv. <em>Arkteia<\/em>, kdy mlad\u00e9 d\u00edvky p\u0159ed svatbou \u201ehr\u00e1ly medv\u011bdice\u201c), <strong>Sparta<\/strong> (Artemis Orthia, se slavn\u00fdmi bi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edmi chlapc\u016f jako inicia\u010dn\u00edm ritu\u00e1lem), <strong>D\u00e9los<\/strong> (mytick\u00e9 rodn\u00e9 m\u00edsto, kde byla uct\u00edv\u00e1na spole\u010dn\u011b s Apoll\u00f3nem), Aulis (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> o Ifigenii).<\/p><p>Na Sic\u00edlii v Syrakus\u00e1ch <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch uct\u00edvac\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f v\u011bnovan\u00fdch bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> Artemis u pramene Areth\u00fasy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hlavn\u00ed prameny: Hesiodos (<em>Theogonie<\/em>), Hom\u00e9rova Ilias a Odyssea, <em>Hom\u00e9rsk\u00fd hymnus na Artemis<\/em> (kr\u00e1tk\u00fd, 27. hymnus), Kallimach\u016fv <em>Hymnus na Artemis<\/em> (alexandrijsk\u00fd, obs\u00e1hl\u00fd), Apollod\u00f3rova <em>Bibliotheca<\/em>, Pausani\u016fv <em>Popis \u0158ecka<\/em>.<\/p><p>Divadeln\u00ed hry: Euripidova <em>Ifigenie v Aulid\u011b<\/em> a <em>Ifigenie u Taur\u016f<\/em> (kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> o Artemis), Euripid\u016fv <em>Hippolytos<\/em>. Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed literatura: Burkert, <em>Griechische Religion<\/em>; Vernant, <em>Mortals and Immortals<\/em>; Cole, <em>Landscapes, Gender, and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e1 posloupnost symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritual<\/span> Space<\/em>; LIMC sub voce <em>Artemis<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Artemis je zobrazov\u00e1na jako svalnat\u00e1, rychl\u00e1 lovkyn\u011b, \u010dasto v loveck\u00e9m od\u011bvu (kr\u00e1tk\u00fd chit\u00f3n), s lukem a toulcem. Jej\u00edmi symboly jsou jelen nebo gazela, st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fd m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed srp (kter\u00fd \u0159\u00edd\u00ed na obloze), pochode\u0148 a n\u011bkdy psi (jej\u00ed love\u010dt\u00ed psi).<\/p><p>\u010casto je zobrazov\u00e1na se sv\u00fdmi nymfami v lesn\u00edch sc\u00e9n\u00e1ch. Jej\u00ed kr\u00e1sa je divok\u00e1 a nezkrotn\u00e1, nikoli dvorn\u00e1 jako u Afrod\u00edty.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charakteristiky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Artemis je vz\u00fdv\u00e1na jako ochrann\u00e1 bohyn\u011b lovu, divo\u010diny a \u017een, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed a porodech. Chr\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eeny p\u0159ed obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm a n\u00e1sil\u00edm. Jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsaha je neporu\u0161iteln\u00e1; t\u011bm, kdo se na ni odvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed, pom\u00e1h\u00e1.<\/p><p>\u017deny j\u00ed p\u0159ed svatbou p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ely ob\u011btn\u00ed dary. Paradoxn\u011b je Artemis tak\u00e9 bohyn\u00ed moru mezi divok\u00fdmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty. Jej\u00ed sv\u00e1tek, <em>Thesmoforie<\/em> (z\u010d\u00e1sti), se slav\u00ed ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b v mnoha svatyn\u00edch. Je ide\u00e1lem nez\u00e1vislosti a \u017eensk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed.<\/p><p><strong>Vzhled a symbolika<\/strong><\/p><p>Artemis je zobrazov\u00e1na jako mlad\u00e1, svalnat\u00e1 panna v kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m chit\u00f3nu, ozbrojen\u00e1 lukem a toulcem pln\u00fdm \u0161\u00edp\u016f, prototyp bohyn\u011b lovu. Jelen a srna byli jej\u00edmi svat\u00fdmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty, stejn\u011b jako fena.<\/p><p>M\u011bs\u00edc se stal jej\u00ed sf\u00e9rou, a\u010dkoli se to pln\u011b ust\u00e1lilo a\u017e v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch obdob\u00edch; d\u0159\u00edve byla sp\u00ed\u0161e no\u010dn\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed bohyn\u00ed.<\/p><p>Cyp\u0159i\u0161 a jedle j\u00ed byly zasv\u011bceny. Se srpkem m\u011bs\u00edce jako diad\u00e9mem a sv\u00fdm st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdm jasem zt\u011bles\u0148ovala \u010distotu a panenstv\u00ed, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 ambivalentn\u00ed moc \u017eensk\u00e9 divokosti a nez\u00e1vislosti, kter\u00e1 se necht\u011bla pod\u0159\u00eddit \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu mu\u017ei.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Artemis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekty Artemis na prvn\u00ed pohled. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed pole shrnuj\u00ed p\u016fvod, funkci, vzhled, uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, symboly a kulturn\u00ed paralely.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fvod Artemis<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Artemis je dcerou Zeuse a tit\u00e1nky <em>L\u00e9to<\/em>, dvoj\u010de <em>Apoll\u00f3na<\/em>. Narodila se na ostrov\u011b D\u00e9los (nebo podle star\u0161\u00ed tradice na Ortygii u D\u00e9lu), kde L\u00e9to (pron\u00e1sledovan\u00e1 H\u00e9rou) nalezla \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b. Artemis se narod\u00ed jako prvn\u00ed a pot\u00e9 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 sv\u00e9 matce p\u0159i porodu Apoll\u00f3na, odtud jej\u00ed patron\u00e1t nad porodem.<\/p><p>V\u011bdom\u00e1 panna (parthenos), jako d\u00edt\u011b p\u0159\u00edsahala sv\u00e9mu otci Zeusovi, \u017ee se nikdy neprovd\u00e1, a po\u017e\u00e1dala o luk, loveck\u00fd doprovod a hory jako sv\u00e9 panstv\u00ed. Mytick\u00e1 postava mstitelky v p\u0159\u00edpadech Aktai\u00f3na (prom\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9ho v jelena a rozs\u00e1pan\u00e9ho vlastn\u00edmi psy, proto\u017ee ji spat\u0159il nahou) a Niob\u00e9 (jej\u00ed\u017e d\u011bti Artemis a Apoll\u00f3n zast\u0159elili \u0161\u00edpy).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00edlov\u00e1 skupina Artemis<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dvoj\u00ed funkce charakteristick\u00e1 pro Artemis: <em>lovkyn\u011b<\/em> s ne\u00faprosn\u00fdm lukem, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 <em>ochr\u00e1nkyn\u011b<\/em> divok\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at a jejich ml\u00e1\u010fat (Potnia Theron, \u201epan\u00ed div\u00e9 zv\u011b\u0159e\u201c).<\/p><p>Patronka mlad\u00fdch d\u00edvek p\u0159ed svatbou, v Brauronu ctily attick\u00e9 d\u00edvky p\u0159ed s\u0148atkem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u00edsto zasv\u011bcen\u00e9 uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva.\" tabindex=\"0\">svatyni<\/span> jako \u201emedv\u011bdice\u201c. Pomocnice p\u0159i porodn\u00edch bolestech (spole\u010dn\u011b s Eileithyi\u00ed), ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 jej\u00ed <em>st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 \u0161\u00edpy<\/em> p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ely \u017een\u00e1m n\u00e1hlou smrt (na rozd\u00edl od Apoll\u00f3nov\u00fdch \u0161\u00edp\u016f pro mu\u017ee). Patronka m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho b\u011bhu (pozd\u011bji synkretizov\u00e1na se Selen\u00e9).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vzhled Artemidy<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mlad\u00e1, kr\u00e1sn\u00e1, vysok\u00e1 \u017eena v kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m rouchu nad koleny (<em>chitoniskos<\/em>, typick\u00fd loveck\u00fd kost\u00fdm). Vzh\u016fru vyv\u00e1zan\u00e9 vlasy nebo kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 kudrnat\u00e1 hlava. <em>Luk se zlat\u00fdmi \u0161\u00edpy<\/em> a toulec p\u0159es ramenem. <em>M\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed srp<\/em> na \u010dele (pozd\u011bji <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Splynut\u00ed prvk\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kult\u016f v nov\u00e9 sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9 formy, nap\u0159\u00edklad v haitsk\u00e9m v\u00fad\u00fa (lwa a katoli\u010dt\u00ed svat\u00ed).\">synkretismus<\/span> se Selen\u00e9).<\/p><p>Zachycena v b\u011bhu, \u010dasto se zvednutou nohou. <em>La\u0148<\/em> nebo <em>Zlat\u00e1 la\u0148 z Kerynie<\/em> jako doprovodn\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159e. <em>\u0160pi\u010dat\u00e1 \u010dapka<\/em> (pilos), sand\u00e1ly. V Efesu neobvykl\u00e1 podoba: tr\u016fn\u00edc\u00ed, s n\u011bkolika \u0159adami vystupuj\u00edc\u00edch \u0148ader nebo b\u00fd\u010d\u00edch skrot\u016f (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> plodnosti p\u0159ed\u0159eck\u00e9 anatolsk\u00e9 matky).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fsoben\u00ed Artemidy<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Oblast p\u016fsoben\u00ed:<\/strong> Artemis byla obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b obl\u00edben\u00e1 u \u017een a mlad\u00fdch d\u00edvek, p\u0159ed svatbou, p\u0159i porodn\u00edch bolestech a p\u0159i akutn\u00edch nemoc\u00edch. D\u00edvky j\u00ed p\u0159ed s\u0148atkem zasv\u011bcovaly hra\u010dky, z\u00e1voje a kade\u0159e; v Brauronu hr\u00e1ly inicia\u010dn\u00ed ritu\u00e1l <em>arkteia<\/em> jako medv\u011bdice. Ve Spart\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bli chlapci u <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 m\u00edsto nebo st\u016fl pro ob\u011bti a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 ob\u0159ady.\" tabindex=\"0\">olt\u00e1\u0159e<\/span> Artemis Orthie <em>diamastig\u00f3sis<\/em> (ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed bi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed jako zkou\u0161ku dosp\u011blosti).<\/p><p>Lovci a poutn\u00edci ji vz\u00fdvali p\u0159ed ka\u017ed\u00fdm vyd\u00e1n\u00edm do divo\u010diny. Do Efesu putovaly tis\u00edce <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010clov\u011bk, kter\u00fd podnik\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensky motivovanou cestu na svat\u00e9 m\u00edsto.\" tabindex=\"0\">poutn\u00edk\u016f<\/span> na jej\u00ed chr\u00e1mov\u00fd sv\u00e1tek, kter\u00fd se konal jednou za \u010dty\u0159i roky. V <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span> o Ifigenii p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u00ed Artemis po\u017eadovanou d\u00edv\u010d\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu k vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed vd\u011bku, prosby nebo \u00facty.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011b\u0165<\/span> v posledn\u00ed chv\u00edli z\u00e1m\u011bnou za la\u0148 a pos\u00edl\u00e1 Ifigenii jako kn\u011b\u017eku do Tauridy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrana Artemidy<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Luk se zlat\u00fdmi \u0161\u00edpy (u Hom\u00e9ra st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 \u0161\u00edpy), toulec, kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 loveck\u00e9 roucho, m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed srp (pozd\u011bji), la\u0148, Zlat\u00e1 la\u0148, medv\u011bdice (Brauron), o\u0161t\u011bp, pochode\u0148 (Artemis Phosforos, \u201eNositelka sv\u011btla\u201c), sand\u00e1ly. Svat\u00e9 rostliny: vav\u0159\u00edn (s Apoll\u00f3nem), cyp\u0159i\u0161, palma (D\u00e9los). Svat\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata: la\u0148, medv\u011bd, srnec, kanec (kalydonsk\u00fd kan\u010d\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span>), k\u0159epelka (Ortygie), pes. Svat\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo: 3 (trojice s Hekat\u00e9 a Selen\u00e9).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely Artemidy<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Diana (\u0158\u00edm) je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 toto\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159evzet\u00ed s vlastn\u00edm kultem Diany v Aricii u \u0158\u00edma. Z \u0158ecka k tomu pat\u0159\u00ed Selen\u00e9 (M\u011bs\u00edc, pozd\u011bji synkretizovan\u00e1 s Artemis) a Hekat\u00e9 (rozcest\u00ed, \u010dasto jako trojice s Artemis a Selen\u00e9). Dal\u0161\u00edmi paralelami jsou Kybel\u00e9\/Kubaba (Anatolie, p\u016fvodn\u00ed ko\u0159en efesk\u00e9 Artemis), Britomartis (Kr\u00e9ta, m\u00edstn\u00ed lovkyn\u011b) a Bastet (Egypt, v hel\u00e9nistick\u00e9 dob\u011b synkretizovan\u00e1 jako Artemis Bubastia). K nim se p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed Freya (germ\u00e1nsk\u00e1 lovkyn\u011b a bohyn\u011b l\u00e1sky), Durga (hinduismus, v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 bohyn\u011b jezd\u00edc\u00ed na tygrech) a I\u0161tar (Mezopot\u00e1mie, \u0161\u00edpy a luk).<\/p><p>V \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm kontextu: Artemis je nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstavitelkou tradice <em>Potnia Theron<\/em> (pan\u00ed div\u00e9 zv\u011b\u0159e), kter\u00e1 se objevuje v mnoha archaick\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e1 praxe<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><p><strong>Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b<\/strong><\/p>\n<div><p><strong>Ritu\u00e1ly a vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><br>\nK nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm ritu\u00e1l\u016fm pat\u0159ily brauronie s \u201emedv\u011bd\u00ed hrou\u201c (arkteia) mlad\u00fdch d\u00edvek. Artemis byla vz\u00fdv\u00e1na jako pomocnice p\u0159i porodu a efesk\u00fd sv\u00e1tek Artemision pat\u0159il k velk\u00fdm sv\u00e1tk\u016fm Mal\u00e9 Asie.<\/p><\/div>\n\n<p><strong>Zakl\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed a vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<div><p><strong>Textov\u00e1 tradice a formule<\/strong><br>\nHom\u00e9rsk\u00fd hymnus na Artemis a hymnus Kallimacha zachycuj\u00ed panenskou lovkyni a pan\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at. Kultovn\u00ed n\u00e1pisy z Efesu a z <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u00edsto zasv\u011bcen\u00e9 uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva.\" tabindex=\"0\">svatyn\u011b<\/span> v Brauronu dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly.<\/p><\/div>\n\n<p><strong>Amulety a ochrann\u00e9 symboly<\/strong><\/p>\n<div><p><strong>Hmotn\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo od apotropaikon: p\u0159edm\u011bty a znaky, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed odvracet ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">apotropaika<\/span> a archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy<\/strong><br>\n\u017deny zasv\u011bcovaly Artemis od\u011bvy a votivn\u00ed dary, aby si vyprosily ochranu p\u0159i porodu. Mnohoprs\u00fd typ sochy Artemis Efesk\u00e9 a zobrazen\u00ed medv\u011bdic z Brauronu jsou archeologicky bohat\u011b dokumentov\u00e1ny.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Artemis, paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bohyn\u011b lovu a m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed bohyn\u011b se objevuj\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b: Diana (\u0158\u00edm), Atalanta (hrdinsk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh s \u010dasto historick\u00fdm j\u00e1drem a z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00fdmi rysy.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00e1je<\/span>), Skadi (Skandin\u00e1vie), \u010cchang-e (\u010c\u00edna). Artemis, zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eenskost bez sexuality a mu\u017esk\u00e9 pod\u0159\u00edzenosti, je pro svou dobu jedine\u010dn\u00e1.<\/p><p>Sd\u00edl\u00ed m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed aspekt se Selen\u00e9 a Hekat\u00e9, ale jej\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na lov ji odli\u0161uje. Jej\u00ed role ochr\u00e1nkyn\u011b \u017een a d\u011bt\u00ed ji spojuje s Ilithyi\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edmi ochrann\u00fdmi bo\u017estvy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp731d437 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp731d437\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4ade15d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp4ade15d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Artemis Efesk\u00e1: mnohov\u00fdznamov\u00e1 socha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4fa6fe7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp4fa6fe7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp153c9f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp153c9f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jednou z nejsv\u00e9r\u00e1zn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch postav antick\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch d\u011bjin je Artemis Efesk\u00e1. Jej\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span>, Artemision, byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za jeden ze sedmi div\u016f sv\u011bta. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Obrazov\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed bo\u017estva, kter\u00e9 je uct\u00edv\u00e1no v chr\u00e1mu nebo svatyni.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kultovn\u00ed socha<\/span> t\u00e9to bohyn\u011b se z\u00e1sadn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od mladistv\u00e9 lovkyn\u011b \u0159eck\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p><p>Zobrazuje tuhou, sloupovitou postavu, jej\u00ed\u017e horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st t\u011bla je pokryta mno\u017estv\u00edm kulovit\u00fdch v\u00fdstupk\u016f a jej\u00ed\u017e spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st t\u011bla je obepnuta \u00fazk\u00fdm rouchem zdoben\u00fdm zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edmi reli\u00e9fy.<\/p><p>Co tyto v\u00fdstupky zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00ed, je p\u0159edm\u011btem spor\u016f ji\u017e od <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Obdob\u00ed \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b od 800 p\u0159. n. l. do 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">antiky<\/span>. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Obdob\u00ed \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b od 800 p\u0159. n. l. do 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">Anti\u010dt\u00ed<\/span> auto\u0159i mluvili o mnoh\u00fdch prsech, z \u010deho\u017e star\u0161\u00ed badatel\u00e9 vytvo\u0159ili p\u0159edstavu mnohoprs\u00e9 bohyn\u011b plodnosti. Jin\u00e9 v\u00fdklady v nich vid\u00ed vejce, b\u00fd\u010d\u00ed varlata um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e1 jako ob\u011btiny, nebo \u0161perky z jantaru.<\/p><p>Jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed neexistuje, badatel\u00e9 o t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce d\u00e1le diskutuj\u00ed. Jasn\u00e9 je, \u017ee efesk\u00e1 Artemis byla hluboce zako\u0159en\u011bna v maloasijsk\u00fdch tradic\u00edch a splynula s dom\u00e1c\u00ed bohyn\u00ed matkou.<\/p><p>Tato bohyn\u011b byla ve starov\u011bku slavn\u00e1 a jej\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo svat\u00e9 postavy.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> sahal daleko za hranice Efesu. Kopie kultovn\u00ed sochy se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily po cel\u00e9m St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed.<\/p><p>Skutky apostol\u016f z Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00ed o vzpou\u0159e efesk\u00fdch st\u0159\u00edbrotepc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed prod\u00e1vali modely svatyn\u011b a v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9m k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed vid\u011bli ohro\u017een\u00ed sv\u00e9ho obchodu, s vol\u00e1n\u00edm, \u017ee velk\u00e1 je Artemis Efesk\u00fdch.<\/p><p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska je efesk\u00e1 Artemis d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem toho, jak mohlo jedno \u0159eck\u00e9 jm\u00e9no bo\u017estva zahrnovat velmi rozd\u00edln\u00e1 m\u00edstn\u00ed bo\u017estva. Lovkyn\u011b a tr\u016fn\u00edc\u00ed vl\u00e1dkyn\u011b Efesu maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 jen m\u00e1lo v\u00edc ne\u017e jm\u00e9no.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf99a3a5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpf99a3a5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp74ca9a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp74ca9a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vl\u00e1dkyn\u011b div\u00e9 zv\u011b\u0159e a etymologie jm\u00e9na<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4160a97 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp4160a97\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp17bcebd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp17bcebd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Starobyl\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edvlastkem Artemis je <em>potnia th\u0113r\u014dn<\/em>, Vl\u00e1dkyn\u011b div\u00e9 zv\u011b\u0159e. Takto je naz\u00fdv\u00e1na u\u017e v hom\u00e9rsk\u00e9 <em>Ilias<\/em>.<\/p><p>V ran\u011b \u0159eck\u00e9m um\u011bn\u00ed existuje roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd obrazov\u00fd typ zobrazuj\u00edc\u00ed ok\u0159\u00eddlenou nebo stoj\u00edc\u00ed bohyni, kter\u00e1 uchopuje dv\u011b zv\u00ed\u0159ata, \u010dasto lvy, jelena nebo pt\u00e1ky, za krk nebo nohy. Zda ka\u017ed\u00e9 toto zobrazen\u00ed znamen\u00e1 Artemis, nen\u00ed jist\u00e9, ale tento typ odpov\u00edd\u00e1 jej\u00ed povaze.<\/p><p>Artemis je bohyn\u00ed nezkrocen\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrody, hor, les\u016f a ba\u017ein, div\u00e9 zv\u011b\u0159e a mlad\u00fdch bytost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b nejsou za\u010dlen\u011bny do \u0159\u00e1du m\u011bsta. Je lovkyn\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 ochr\u00e1nkyn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at; ob\u011b role si v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Obdob\u00ed \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b od 800 p\u0159. n. l. do 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">antick\u00e9m<\/span> my\u0161len\u00ed nijak neodporuj\u00ed.<\/p><p>Lovec respektuje \u0159\u00e1d zv\u011b\u0159e a jeho poru\u0161en\u00ed bohyn\u011b trest\u00e1. Sem pat\u0159\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> o Aktaionovi, kter\u00e9ho prom\u011bnila v jelena, proto\u017ee ji vid\u011bl p\u0159i koupeli, a kter\u00e9ho roztrhali jeho vlastn\u00ed psi.<\/p><p>Etymologie jm\u00e9na Artemis z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 i po mnoh\u00fdch pokusech nevyjasn\u011bn\u00e1. Jm\u00e9no se objevuje ji\u017e na myk\u00e9nsk\u00fdch tabulk\u00e1ch v line\u00e1rn\u00edm p\u00edsmu B ve tvaru \u010dten\u00e9m jako <em>a-te-mi-to<\/em>, co\u017e dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 jeho vysok\u00e9 st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. Navrhov\u00e1ny byly souvislosti se slovy pro nezran\u011bn\u00fd, pro medv\u011bda nebo pro ostr\u00fd, ale \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z t\u011bchto odvozen\u00ed se neprosadilo.<\/p><p>Badatel\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed s t\u00edm, \u017ee jm\u00e9no by mohlo b\u00fdt p\u0159ed\u0159eck\u00e9. Tato nejistota je typick\u00e1 pro velmi star\u00e9 bohy a je n\u00e1znakem toho, \u017ee Artemis pat\u0159\u00ed k nejstar\u0161\u00edm vrstv\u00e1m \u0159eck\u00e9ho panteonu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcdadc1c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpcdadc1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp15aaf2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp15aaf2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Brauron a medv\u011bdice: iniciace d\u00edvek v kultu Artemis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp587e2ef e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp587e2ef\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp330b5f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp330b5f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jeden z nejp\u0159\u00edzna\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch kult\u016f Artemis se odehr\u00e1val v Brauronu na v\u00fdchodn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Attiky. Tam byla uct\u00edv\u00e1na Artemis Brauronie, a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Svat\u00e9 m\u00edsto v\u011bnovan\u00e9 uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva.\" tabindex=\"0\">svatyn\u011b<\/span> byla \u00fazce spojena s p\u0159echodem mlad\u00fdch d\u00edvek do dosp\u011blosti.<\/p><p>Ath\u00e9nsk\u00e9 d\u00edvky str\u00e1vily ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010das ve slu\u017eb\u00e1ch bohyn\u011b a v t\u00e9to funkci se naz\u00fdvaly <em>arktoi<\/em>, medv\u011bdice. \u00da\u010dastnily se ritu\u00e1l\u016f, k nim\u017e patrn\u011b pat\u0159ily tance a b\u011bh.<\/p><p>Mytologick\u00e9 pozad\u00ed navazuje na zabitou svatou medv\u011bdici Artemis, za kterou musely d\u00edvky jakoby poskytnout n\u00e1hradu.<\/p><p>Badatel\u00e9 ch\u00e1pou brauronsk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo svat\u00e9 postavy.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> jako inicia\u010dn\u00ed ob\u0159ad: d\u00edvky proch\u00e1zely \u010dasov\u011b omezenou f\u00e1z\u00ed odd\u011blenou od b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du v divok\u00e9 oblasti bohyn\u011b, ne\u017e se jako vdavkyschopn\u00e9 \u017eeny vr\u00e1tily do obce. Tento v\u00fdklad podporuj\u00ed n\u00e1lezy ze <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Svat\u00e9 m\u00edsto v\u011bnovan\u00e9 uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva.\" tabindex=\"0\">svatyn\u011b<\/span>, v\u010detn\u011b votivn\u00edch dar\u016f a n\u00e1pis\u016f, a tak\u00e9 vyobrazen\u00ed b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edch d\u00edvek na v\u00e1z\u00e1ch.<\/p><p>I mimo Brauron byla Artemis bohyn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 doprov\u00e1zela d\u00edvky a mlad\u00e9 \u017eeny od d\u011btstv\u00ed p\u0159es porod a\u017e po nebezpe\u010d\u00ed \u0161estined\u011bl\u00ed. Jako <em>Lochia<\/em> pom\u00e1hala p\u0159i porodu. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 byla tou, jej\u00ed\u017e \u0161\u00edpy mohly \u017een\u00e1m p\u0159ivodit n\u00e1hlou, m\u00edrnou smrt, tak jako \u0161\u00edpy jej\u00edho bratra Apoll\u00f3na mu\u017e\u016fm.<\/p><p>Tato odpov\u011bdnost za kritick\u00e9 prahy \u017eensk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, narozen\u00ed, dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, porod, smrt, d\u011bl\u00e1 z Artemis, i p\u0159es jej\u00ed status v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 panny, kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span> pr\u00e1v\u011b pro sv\u011bt \u017een.<\/p><p>Religionist\u00e9 jako Walter Burkert v tom nevid\u011bli rozpor, ale v\u00fdraz bohyn\u011b, kter\u00e1 \u0159\u00edd\u00ed v\u0161echny p\u0159echody na hranici divo\u010diny a kultury.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe6dc59a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpe6dc59a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5bb0e5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp5bb0e5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Artemis, Apoll\u00f3n a d\u011bti Niob\u00e9<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa84bdf6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa84bdf6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4cbcfed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp4cbcfed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Artemis je dvoj\u010de Apoll\u00f3na. Oba jsou d\u011btmi Zeuse a L\u00e9to, narozen\u00fdmi na ostrov\u011b D\u00e9los, proto\u017ee t\u011bhotnou L\u00e9to pron\u00e1sledovala \u017e\u00e1rliv\u00e1 H\u00e9ra po cel\u00e9 zemi a nikde nenach\u00e1zela m\u00edsto k porodu.<\/p><p>Podle roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 verze vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed se Artemis narodila jako prvn\u00ed a hned pot\u00e9 pomohla matce p\u0159i porodu jej\u00edho bratra, proto je tak\u00e9 pova\u017eov\u00e1na za bohyni pom\u00e1haj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i porodu.<\/p><p>Sourozenci jednaj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b v n\u011bkolika m\u00fdtech, \u010dasto jako vykonavatel\u00e9 trestu za provin\u011bn\u00ed proti jejich matce nebo proti bo\u017esk\u00e9mu \u0159\u00e1du. Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm z t\u011bchto m\u00fdt\u016f je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o Niob\u00e9, kr\u00e1lovn\u011b Th\u00e9b.<\/p><p>Niob\u00e9 se chlubila, \u017ee m\u00e1 v\u00edce d\u011bt\u00ed ne\u017e L\u00e9to, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla jen dv\u011b, a po\u017eadovala pro sebe bo\u017eskou \u00factu. Jako trest zabili Apoll\u00f3n a Artemis jej\u00ed d\u011bti, Apoll\u00f3n syny, Artemis dcery. Niob\u00e9 ztuhla bolest\u00ed ve sk\u00e1lu, z n\u00ed\u017e d\u00e1l st\u00e9kala voda jako neust\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed slzy.<\/p><p>Niobsk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> slou\u017eil v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Obdob\u00ed \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b od 800 p\u0159. n. l. do 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">antice<\/span> jako p\u0159\u00edklad hybris, tedy povy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka nad bohy, a jej\u00edho nevyhnuteln\u00e9ho potrest\u00e1n\u00ed. Z hlediska d\u011bjin n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed je v\u00fdznamn\u00fd i proto, \u017ee ukazuje \u00fazk\u00e9 pouto sourozenc\u016f k jejich matce L\u00e9to; n\u011bkolik jejich spole\u010dn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f lze \u010d\u00edst jako obranu mat\u010diny cti.<\/p><p>Ve v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9m um\u011bn\u00ed byla um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed skupina Niobovc\u016f \u010dast\u00fdm t\u00e9matem. Spojen\u00ed Artemis a Apoll\u00f3na jako trestaj\u00edc\u00edho sourozeneck\u00e9ho p\u00e1ru ukazuje, \u017ee oba, p\u0159esto\u017ee m\u011bli odli\u0161n\u00e9 oblasti p\u016fsobnosti, ona lov a divo\u010dinu, on <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u00edsto nebo instituce, kde se z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 bo\u017esk\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u011b\u0161tby<\/span>, hudbu a l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed, m\u011bli spole\u010dnou funkci str\u00e1\u017ec\u016f bo\u017esk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145313\">Apoll\u00f3n, dvoj\u010de<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145128\">Hekat\u00e9, sestra z bohy\u0148sk\u00e9 tri\u00e1dy<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145320\">Bastet, egyptsk\u00e1 synkretizovan\u00e1 sestra (Artemis Bubastia)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145406\">Afrodita, protikladn\u00e1 sestra l\u00e1sky<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145298\">Durga, hinduistick\u00e1 bojovnick\u00e1 paralela<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145121\">\u0158ecko, p\u0159ehled pantheonu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145234\">Vrchn\u00ed bo\u017estva, podkategorie<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145205\">Bohov\u00e9, p\u0159ehled t\u0159\u00edd<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prameny a literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Vernant, Jean-Pierre: <em>Mortals and Immortals. Collected Essays<\/em>. Princeton 1991.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Cole, Susan Guettel: <em>Landscapes, Gender, and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritual<\/span> Space. The Ancient Greek Experience<\/em>. Berkeley 2004.<\/span><\/li><li>Kallimachos: <em>Hymnos auf Artemis<\/em>.<\/li><li>Euripides: <em>Iphigenie in Aulis<\/em>; <em>Iphigenie bei den Taurern<\/em>; <em>Hippolytos<\/em>.<\/li><li>Pausanias: <em>Beschreibung Griechenlands<\/em>, kniha I (Brauron).<\/li><li>LIMC <em>Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae<\/em>, sv. II (Artemis).<\/li><li>Walde, Christine (vyd.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (heslo \u201eArtemis\u201c).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dal\u0161\u00ed standardn\u00ed d\u00edla naleznete v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145257\">seznamu literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d2ccd2 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7d2ccd2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77a949a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77a949a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o Artemis<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Kdo je Artemis v \u0159eck\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span>?<\/h3><p>Artemis je jednou z dvan\u00e1cti olympsk\u00fdch boh\u016f, dcerou Zeuse a L\u00e9to, dvoj\u010detem Apoll\u00f3na. Je bohyn\u00ed lovu, divo\u010diny a nedot\u010den\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrody a ochr\u00e1nkyn\u00ed mlad\u00fdch \u017een p\u0159ed dosa\u017een\u00edm v\u011bku k s\u0148atku. Na rozd\u00edl od v\u011bt\u0161iny ostatn\u00edch bohyn\u00ed je bohyn\u00ed panenskou (parthenos), kter\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edsahala, \u017ee se nikdy nevd\u00e1.<\/p><p>Se sv\u00fdmi nymfami se toul\u00e1 lesy a horami, vyzbrojena lukem a \u0161\u00edpy. Jej\u00edm \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdm prot\u011bj\u0161kem je Diana. V hel\u00e9nistick\u00e9m obdob\u00ed se slou\u010dila s efezskou Artemis, zcela odli\u0161nou, mnohoprsou matkovskou bohyn\u00ed Mal\u00e9 Asie.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Jak\u00fd je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Aktai\u00f3na a Artemis?<\/h3><p>Aktai\u00f3n byl lovec a vnuk Apoll\u00f3na, kter\u00fd n\u00e1hodou spat\u0159il koupaj\u00edc\u00ed se Artemis u lesn\u00edho pramene. Za toto necht\u011bn\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed tabuizovan\u00e9 z\u00f3ny ho Artemis prom\u011bnila v jelena, na\u010de\u017e byl roztrh\u00e1n sv\u00fdmi vlastn\u00edmi lov\u010d\u00edmi psy.<\/p><p>Tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh pat\u0159\u00ed k nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u00fdt\u016fm o prom\u011bn\u011b, Ovidius mu v\u011bnuje \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed knihu sv\u00fdch Metamorf\u00f3z. Ilustruje ne\u00faprosnou strohost Artemis: bez \u00famyslu, bez viny, kdo p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed hranici, je zni\u010den.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Kdo je Artemis v \u0159eck\u00e9 mytologii?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Artemis je jednou z dvan\u00e1cti olympsk\u00fdch boh\u016f, dcerou Zeuse a L\u00e9to, dvoj\u010detem Apoll\u00f3na. Je bohyn\u00ed lovu, divo\u010diny a nedot\u010den\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrody a ochr\u00e1nkyn\u00ed mlad\u00fdch \u017een p\u0159ed dosa\u017een\u00edm v\u011bku k s\u0148atku. Na rozd\u00edl od v\u011bt\u0161iny ostatn\u00edch bohyn\u00ed je bohyn\u00ed panenskou (parthenos), kter\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edsahala, \u017ee se nikdy nevd\u00e1.Se sv\u00fdmi nymfami se toul\u00e1 lesy a horami, vyzbrojena lukem a \u0161\u00edpy. Jej\u00edm \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdm prot\u011bj\u0161kem je Diana. V hel\u00e9nistick\u00e9m obdob\u00ed se slou\u010dila s efezskou Artemis, zcela odli\u0161nou, mnohoprsou matkovskou bohyn\u00ed Mal\u00e9 Asie.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Jak\u00fd je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Aktai\u00f3na a Artemis?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Aktai\u00f3n byl lovec a vnuk Apoll\u00f3na, kter\u00fd n\u00e1hodou spat\u0159il koupaj\u00edc\u00ed se Artemis u lesn\u00edho pramene. Za toto necht\u011bn\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed tabuizovan\u00e9 z\u00f3ny ho Artemis prom\u011bnila v jelena, na\u010de\u017e byl roztrh\u00e1n sv\u00fdmi vlastn\u00edmi lov\u010d\u00edmi psy.Tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh pat\u0159\u00ed k nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u00fdt\u016fm o prom\u011bn\u011b, Ovidius mu v\u011bnuje \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed knihu sv\u00fdch Metamorf\u00f3z. Ilustruje ne\u00faprosnou strohost Artemis: bez \u00famyslu, bez viny, kdo p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed hranici, je zni\u010den.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1578,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Artemis","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Artemis \u2013 bohyn\u011b lovu a m\u011bs\u00edce v \u0158ecku","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Bohyn\u011b lovu, m\u011bs\u00edce, divo\u010diny a ochr\u00e1nkyn\u011b \u017een. Nez\u00e1visl\u00e1, dvoj\u010de Apoll\u00f3na, luk a jelen.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"griechenland","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145312","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Artemis \u2013 bohyn\u011b lovu a m\u011bs\u00edce v \u0158ecku<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bohyn\u011b lovu, m\u011bs\u00edce, divo\u010diny a ochr\u00e1nkyn\u011b \u017een. 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