{"id":145304,"date":"2026-09-03T16:29:02","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:29:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145304"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:52:25","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:52:25","slug":"yeomra","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/yeomra\/","title":{"rendered":"Yeomra"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145304\" class=\"elementor elementor-145304 elementor-2018 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yeomra, b\u016fh korejsk\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yeomra (\uc5fc\ub77c\uc655, Yeomra-wang, tak\u00e9 Yomra) je b\u016fh smrti a soudce podsv\u011bt\u00ed v korejsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span>, p\u0159\u00edmo ovlivn\u011bn\u00fd indickou postavou Jama. Je zobrazov\u00e1n jako mocn\u00fd, n\u011bkdy stroh\u00fd soudce, kter\u00fd rozhoduje o osudu zem\u0159el\u00fdch.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh \/ bohyn\u011b: Zosobn\u011bn\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc v panteonu ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury s jasn\u011b vymezen\u00fdmi pravomocemi, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edly, osud, v\u00e1lka, plodnost. Uct\u00edv\u00e1ni prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kult\u016f, ob\u011bt\u00ed a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch instituc\u00ed.\">B\u016fh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145187\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Korejsk\u00fd sv\u011bt boh\u016f, \u0161aman\u016f a lidov\u00fdch duch\u016f.\">Korea<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145235\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bohov\u00e9 podsv\u011bt\u00ed a smrti, vl\u00e1dci onoho sv\u011bta, soudci mrtv\u00fdch, pr\u016fvodci du\u0161\u00ed.\">Bo\u017estvo mrtv\u00fdch<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" 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data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_korea_yeomra-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1753\" alt=\"Yeomra\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_korea_yeomra-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_korea_yeomra-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_korea_yeomra-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_korea_yeomra.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yeomra<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yeomra je zobrazov\u00e1n jako v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd, autoritativn\u00ed b\u016fh se soudn\u00edmi pravomocemi. Vede z\u00e1znamy o skutc\u00edch \u017eiv\u00fdch a po jejich smrti rozhoduje o jejich osudu. V \u0161amansk\u00fdch ritu\u00e1lech je Yeomra vz\u00fdv\u00e1n, aby doprov\u00e1zel zem\u0159el\u00e9 a \u0159e\u0161il nadp\u0159irozen\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti.<\/p><p>Jeho postava spojuje indickou mytologii smrti (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdomost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed mezi generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici<\/span> o Jamovi zprost\u0159edkovanou buddhismem) s korejskou prax\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd syst\u00e9m, v n\u011bm\u017e specialist\u00e9 komunikuj\u00ed se sv\u011btem duch\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161amanismu<\/span>. Na rozd\u00edl od dobrotiv\u00fdch boh\u016f, jako je Samsin, je Yeomra ambivalentn\u00ed, z\u00e1rove\u0148 respektovan\u00fd i ob\u00e1van\u00fd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kr\u00e1tk\u00fd profil: Yeomra<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yeomra je vz\u00fdv\u00e1n v ritu\u00e1lech kut (\u0161amansk\u00fdch seanc\u00edch), je v\u0161ak m\u00e9n\u011b dolo\u017een v klasick\u00fdch pramenech ne\u017e v etnografick\u00fdch z\u00e1znamech o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd syst\u00e9m, v n\u011bm\u017e specialist\u00e9 komunikuj\u00ed se sv\u011btem duch\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161amanismu<\/span>. Jeho postava se do Koreje dostala s \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm buddhismu (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159edstava o stavb\u011b a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologie<\/span> onoho sv\u011bta).<\/p><p>James H. Grayson dokumentuje Yeomru v kontextu korejsk\u00e9ho synkretick\u00e9ho buddhismu. Kim Tae-gon a dal\u0161\u00ed etnologov\u00e9 popisuj\u00ed aktivn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly v\u011bnovan\u00e9 Yeomrovi v ob\u0159adech smutku a usmi\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed duch\u016f a\u017e do 20. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yeomra je v korejsk\u00fdch sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch text\u016f v\u00fdslovn\u011b zmi\u0148ov\u00e1n od 9. stolet\u00ed, s p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdmi paralelami k indick\u00e9mu Jamar\u00e1d\u017eovi a \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9mu Jen-luo Wangovi. Jeho p\u0159\u00edtomnost v korejsk\u00e9 duchovnosti je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b star\u0161\u00ed, sah\u00e1 v\u0161ak bezpe\u010dn\u011b a\u017e k buddhistick\u00fdm kanonizac\u00edm 11. stolet\u00ed.<\/p><p>Korejsk\u00e1 interpretace nabyla synkretick\u00fdch rys\u016f, buddhistick\u00e9 prvky (spr\u00e1va karmy) se prol\u00ednaj\u00ed s taoistick\u00fdmi (spr\u00e1va osudu). P\u00edsemn\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdomost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed mezi generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span> je konzistentn\u00ed: Yeomra je trvale \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed postavou spr\u00e1vy podsv\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p><h3>Mytologick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/h3><p><em>Yeomra<\/em> (\uc5fc\ub77c, \u201ekr\u00e1l pekla\u201c) je korejsk\u00fd b\u016fh smrti a podsv\u011bt\u00ed, obdoba \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho Jen-luo a japonsk\u00e9ho Enma. Existuje v korejsk\u00fdch tradic\u00edch ovlivn\u011bn\u00fdch buddhismem a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-filozofick\u00e1 tradice orientovan\u00e1 na Tao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoismem<\/span>. Jeho genealogie spojuje buddhistick\u00e9 a taoistick\u00e9 koncepty podsv\u011bt\u00ed a smrti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yeomra byl uct\u00edv\u00e1n po cel\u00e9m korejsk\u00e9m poloostrov\u011b, se zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed intenzitou v oblastech se siln\u00fdm buddhistick\u00fdm vlivem. Jeho vyobrazen\u00ed se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch korejsk\u00fdch buddhistick\u00fdch chr\u00e1m\u016f.<\/p><p>Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed soust\u0159ed\u011bno na ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edsto, n\u00fdbr\u017e je univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed, ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo zem\u0159e, p\u0159edstoup\u00ed p\u0159ed Yeomru. Jeho kultovn\u00ed m\u00edsta proto nejsou konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed fyzick\u00e9 lokality, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e metafyzick\u00e1 povaha: samo podsv\u011bt\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 pouze smrt\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yeomra je m\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomen v korejsk\u00fdch prim\u00e1rn\u00edch pramenech, jako je Samguk yusa, sp\u00ed\u0161e se jedn\u00e1 o adaptaci indick\u00e9 postavy Jamy, kter\u00e1 se do Koreje dostala p\u0159es buddhistick\u00e9 texty (vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o Sukhavat\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy D\u017e\u00e1taka) a \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed (jako spisy o \u010cern\u00e9m Buddhovi a k\u00e1non podsv\u011bt\u00ed).<\/p><p>Buddhistick\u00e9 s\u00fatry, zejm\u00e9na ty o onom sv\u011bt\u011b a karmick\u00e9 soudn\u00ed pravomoci, jsou nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fdmi prameny. Z hlediska d\u011bjin n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed je Yeomra ch\u00e1p\u00e1n jako produkt synkretismu: indick\u00fd p\u016fvod, buddhistick\u00e9 zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed, korejsk\u00e1 adaptace. Etnografick\u00e9 studie (Kim Tae-gon, konec 20. stol.) dokumentuj\u00ed aktivn\u00ed kulty.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yeomra je zobrazov\u00e1n jako velk\u00fd, v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd mu\u017e, \u010dasto se stroh\u00fdm, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 hn\u011bviv\u00fdm v\u00fdrazem tv\u00e1\u0159e. Jeho t\u011blo je svalnat\u00e9 a mohutn\u00e9, nikoli v\u0161ak zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed nebo fantastick\u00e9, je lidsk\u00fd, ale svou p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed bud\u00ed b\u00e1ze\u0148. Sed\u00ed na vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9m tr\u016fnu, um\u011ble vy\u0159ez\u00e1van\u00e9m a zdoben\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdmi ornamenty.<\/p><p>Ve sv\u00fdch dvou rukou dr\u017e\u00ed dva kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 insignie: v prav\u00e9 ruce \u017eezlo soudce \u010di h\u016fl rozsudku, v lev\u00e9 velkou psac\u00ed desku nebo svinut\u00fd pergamen, na kter\u00e9m jsou vyps\u00e1ny v\u0161echny skutky \u017eiv\u00fdch i mrtv\u00fdch.<\/p><p>Jeho roucha jsou tmav\u011b \u010derven\u00e1 nebo tmav\u011b fialov\u00e1, kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 barvy podsv\u011bt\u00ed. N\u011bkdy je zobrazov\u00e1n s v\u00edce pa\u017eemi, aby vyjad\u0159oval svou schopnost soudit mnoho du\u0161\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b. Pozad\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed obvykle temn\u00e1 podzemn\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e se stylizovan\u00fdmi horami nebo architekturou podsv\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Povahov\u00e9 rysy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yeomra je centr\u00e1ln\u00ed postavou univerz\u00e1ln\u00edho soudn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Po smrti je du\u0161e provedena podsv\u011bt\u00edm a nakonec p\u0159ivedena p\u0159ed Yeomru. Tam prob\u011bhne p\u0159el\u00ed\u010den\u00ed: skutky ze \u017eivota jsou p\u0159edneseny (n\u011bkdy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm dokument\u016f, n\u011bkdy p\u0159\u00edmou vzpom\u00ednkou) a Yeomra vyn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed rozsudek.<\/p><p>Rozsudek se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed kosmick\u00fdmi z\u00e1kony karmy, nikoli individu\u00e1ln\u00edmi m\u011b\u0159\u00edtky, ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010din m\u00e1 mor\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00e1hu, kterou Yeomra p\u0159esn\u011b vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1. Je-li karma pozitivn\u00ed, du\u0161e se reinkarnuje do vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch forem \u017eivota (p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b znovu jako \u010dlov\u011bk, ale za lep\u0161\u00edch podm\u00ednek).<\/p><p>Je-li negativn\u00ed, je posl\u00e1na do ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b jako zv\u00ed\u0159e, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b do pekeln\u00fdch oblast\u00ed s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi tresty podle z\u00e1va\u017enosti h\u0159\u00edch\u016f.<\/p><p>Yeomra nen\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n pravideln\u00fdmi modlitbami jako jin\u00e1 bo\u017estva. Naopak je respektov\u00e1n prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm mor\u00e1ln\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed v \u017eivot\u011b.<\/p><p>Kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo zem\u0159e, modlitby k Yeomrovi jsou ve skute\u010dnosti sp\u00ed\u0161e pron\u00e1\u0161eny za zesnulou du\u0161i ne\u017e p\u0159\u00edmo k n\u011bmu, modl\u00ed se, aby byl Yeomra milostiv\u00fd, aby rozpoznal dobr\u00e9 skutky a nechal je p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eit nad \u0161patn\u00fdmi. V modern\u00edch korejsk\u00fdch smute\u010dn\u00edch ritu\u00e1lech se recituj\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00fatry, aby podpo\u0159ily zesnulou du\u0161i p\u0159ed Yeomrou.<\/p><h3>Vzhled a symbolika<\/h3><p><em>Yeomra<\/em> je zobrazov\u00e1n jako v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd, majest\u00e1tn\u00ed vl\u00e1dce v rouchu a s korunou. Sed\u00ed na tr\u016fnu v podsv\u011bt\u00ed. Jeho atributy jsou \u017eezlo (symbol moci) a kniha skutk\u016f (kde jsou zaznamen\u00e1ny v\u0161echny \u010diny). Je stroh\u00fd, ale spravedliv\u00fd. Jeho barva je \u010derven\u00e1 nebo \u010dern\u00e1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Yeomra<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Profil se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 Yeomrou v \u0161esti aspektech: jeho mytologick\u00fdm p\u016fvodem z indick\u00e9 a buddhistick\u00e9 tradice, v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edmi a p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostmi jeho uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed (smutek, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed zem\u0159el\u00fdch), jeho ikonografi\u00ed a atributy, jeho rol\u00ed p\u0159i ochran\u011b p\u0159ed zl\u00fdmi duchy a paralelami v p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch. Tyto dimenze ukazuj\u00ed jeho postaven\u00ed v posmrtn\u00e9m n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fvod<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yeomra je geograficky lokalizov\u00e1n v podsv\u011bt\u00ed nebo v posmrtn\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i, nikoli na pozemsk\u00e9 zemi. Jeho kulturn\u00ed p\u016fvod je indick\u00fd (Yama), zprost\u0159edkovan\u00fd buddhismem.<\/p><p>P\u0159evzet\u00ed do Koreje prob\u011bhlo pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b od 4. do 5. stolet\u00ed s \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm buddhismu. Jeho korejsk\u00e1 podoba je synkretick\u00e1 a spojuje se s domorod\u00fdmi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd syst\u00e9m, v n\u011bm\u017e specialist\u00e9 komunikuj\u00ed se sv\u011btem duch\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161amanismem<\/span>ov\u00fdmi p\u0159edstavami o \u0159\u00ed\u0161i mrtv\u00fdch. Z hlediska d\u011bjin n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed je Yeomra p\u0159\u00edpadem akulturace ciz\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span> do m\u00edstn\u00edch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159edm\u011bt p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yeomra byl prim\u00e1rn\u011b vz\u00fdv\u00e1n truchl\u00edc\u00edmi a poz\u016fstal\u00fdmi, aby vedl zesnul\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 do podsv\u011bt\u00ed. \u0160amani vz\u00fdvali Yeomru p\u0159i ob\u0159adech usmi\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed mrtv\u00fdch (Saenam-Gut). Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed bylo soukrom\u011b-rodinn\u00e9 p\u0159i truchlen\u00ed, institucionalizovan\u00e9 p\u0159i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch<\/span> ritu\u00e1lech a vzpom\u00ednkov\u00fdch slavnostech.<\/p><p>V modernizovan\u00e9 Koreji ka\u017edodenn\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kleslo, ale buddhistick\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1my<\/span> zachov\u00e1vaj\u00ed Yeomra-ritu\u00e1ly pro zesnul\u00e9. Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bylo m\u00e9n\u011b prosbou o milost ne\u017e vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm s mocenskou instanc\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vzhled Yeomry<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yeomra je zobrazov\u00e1n jako stroh\u00fd, vousat\u00fd soudce s korunou nebo pokr\u00fdvkou hlavy, \u010dasto v temn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm nebo form\u00e1ln\u00edm od\u011bvu. Atributy jsou kniha soudce (registr skutk\u016f), h\u016fl nebo \u017eezlo, n\u011bkdy tak\u00e9 okovy nebo symboly podsv\u011bt\u00ed (ohe\u0148, kosti).<\/p><p>V chr\u00e1mech je zobrazov\u00e1n s v\u00e1\u017enou nebo strohou tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. Barvy jsou \u010dern\u00e1, \u010derven\u00e1 (pro ohe\u0148\/peklo) a zlat\u00e1. Ikonografie je form\u00e1ln\u00ed a zastra\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed, aby signalizovala autoritu a ne\u00faplatnost.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Oblast p\u016fsoben\u00ed:<\/strong> Yeomra (tak\u00e9 Yeongyok, korejsky pro Yamu) je soudcem podsv\u011bt\u00ed, soud\u00ed du\u0161e podle jejich \u017eivota. Je spravedliv\u00fd a stroh\u00fd, ale bez zloby.<\/p><p>V korejsk\u00fdch lidov\u00fdch pov\u011bstech sed\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m pekle a zkoum\u00e1 skutky ka\u017ed\u00e9ho zesnul\u00e9ho. To spojuje buddhistickou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159edstava o uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologii<\/span> se \u0161amanistick\u00fdmi p\u0159edstavami o posmrtn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b a n\u011bkter\u00fdmi prvky <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenskofilozofick\u00e1 tradice orientovan\u00e1 na Tao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoismu<\/span>. Yeomra je prom\u00edtanou postavou pro mor\u00e1ln\u00ed soud, v tomto \u017eivot\u011b stejn\u011b jako po smrti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrana p\u0159ed Yeomrou<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yeomra nen\u00ed zl\u00fd, ale je ob\u00e1van\u00fd a vy\u017eaduje respekt. Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ritu\u00e1l\u016f za zem\u0159el\u00e9, vzpom\u00ednkov\u00fdch hostin (Jesa) a modliteb za dobr\u00fd posmrtn\u00fd osud. \u0160amani usmi\u0159ovali Yeomru pomoc\u00ed Gut-ritu\u00e1l\u016f, zejm\u00e9na pokud byl <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e se p\u0159isuzuje p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> neklidn\u00fd nebo zem\u0159el nep\u0159irozenou smrt\u00ed.<\/p><p>Neexistovaly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 apotropaick\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly proti Yeomrovi samotn\u00e9mu, ale existovaly ritu\u00e1ly na ochranu p\u0159ed zl\u00fdmi duchy pod Yeomrovou vl\u00e1dou. Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bylo charakterizov\u00e1no respektem, aby Yeomru usm\u00ed\u0159ilo a nerozzlobilo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yeomrovy paralely<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Srovnateln\u00ed jsou dal\u0161\u00ed soudci mrtv\u00fdch: H\u00e1des v \u0159ecko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 tradici (vl\u00e1dce podsv\u011bt\u00ed), Osiris v egyptsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span> (soudce po smrti) a kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 Diyu v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 posmrtn\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159edstava o uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologii<\/span>. V\u0161em je spole\u010dn\u00e1 moc nad \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed mrtv\u00fdch a ur\u010den\u00ed posmrtn\u00e9ho osudu podle etick\u00fdch nebo fatalistick\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yeomra, paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yeomra b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dasto srovn\u00e1v\u00e1n s indick\u00fdm u\u010den\u00edm o Jamovi, podle kter\u00e9ho osud v posmrtn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b ur\u010duj\u00ed \u010diny vykonan\u00e9 za \u017eivota (karma). V buddhismu je zobrazov\u00e1n v mandalov\u00fdch sv\u011btech, kde tr\u016fn\u00ed nad \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed mrtv\u00fdch.<\/p><p>V praxi korejsk\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd syst\u00e9m, v n\u011bm\u017e specialist\u00e9 komunikuj\u00ed se sv\u011btem duch\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161amanismu<\/span> je Yeomra poj\u00edm\u00e1n jako nepodplatiteln\u00fd vl\u00e1dce, ke kter\u00e9mu se p\u0159istupuje s \u00factou. Na rozd\u00edl od z\u00e1padn\u00edch boh\u016f podsv\u011bt\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed b\u00fdvaj\u00ed ambivalentn\u00ed, je Yeomra vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako spravedliv\u00fd, p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fd, ale f\u00e9rov\u00fd podle kosmick\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n<h3>\u017didovsk\u00e1 tradice<\/h3><p>V judaismu neexistuje p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd b\u016fh soudce mrtv\u00fdch srovnateln\u00fd s Yeomrou. B\u016fh JHVH je soudcem v\u0161ech, v\u010detn\u011b mrtv\u00fdch, ale nen\u00ed specializov\u00e1n na \u0159\u00ed\u0161i mrtv\u00fdch. Rab\u00ednsk\u00fd judaismus zn\u00e1 koncept Gehinom (o\u010distn\u00e9 peklo), ten v\u0161ak nen\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm bohem \u010di bohyn\u00ed se soudcovskou moc\u00ed srovnatelnou s Yeomrou.<\/p><h3>\u0158ecko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd sv\u011bt<\/h3><p>H\u00e1des je vl\u00e1dcem podsv\u011bt\u00ed a funk\u010dn\u011b se Yeomrovi podob\u00e1 nejv\u00edce. H\u00e1des v\u0161ak jedn\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e jako spr\u00e1vce a str\u00e1\u017ece hranice, aktivn\u00ed soudn\u00ed funkce, jakou m\u00e1 Yeomra, mu chyb\u00ed. Aktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi soudci jsou Minos a Erinye. Rozd\u00edl spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee H\u00e1des je vl\u00e1dcem podsv\u011bt\u00ed, zat\u00edmco Yeomra je aktivn\u011b soud\u00edc\u00edm soudcem spjat\u00fdm s konceptem karmy.<\/p><h3>Mezopot\u00e1mie<\/h3><p>Nergal a Ere\u0161kigal jsou bo\u017estva podsv\u011bt\u00ed, nejsou v\u0161ak zobrazov\u00e1ni jako aktivn\u00ed soudci. Mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 podsv\u011bt\u00ed je sp\u00ed\u0161e temn\u00e9 a nevyhnuteln\u00e9 ne\u017e mor\u00e1ln\u011b soud\u00edc\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 paralely k soudcovsk\u00e9 funkci Yeomry zde chyb\u00ed.<\/p><h3>Indie a Asie<\/h3><p>Jama (indick\u00fd) je p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm p\u0159edobrazem Yeomry, b\u016fh smrti a vl\u00e1dce podsv\u011bt\u00ed se soudcovskou funkc\u00ed. V buddhismu je Jama zobrazov\u00e1n v mandalov\u00fdch kosmologi\u00edch. V \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m pojet\u00ed je podobn\u00fd koncept Diyu (pekeln\u00e1 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed) se soudcovsk\u00fdmi bo\u017estvy nad r\u016fzn\u00fdmi \u00farovn\u011bmi. V\u0161echny tyto tradice spojuj\u00ed vl\u00e1du nad mrtv\u00fdmi s etick\u00fdm soudem podle karmy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe0063f7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpe0063f7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp06dfe1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp06dfe1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yeomra a deset kr\u00e1l\u016f podsv\u011bt\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5d379d5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5d379d5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2f972dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2f972dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yeomra, v korejsk\u00e9 tradici zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako <em>Yeomna<\/em> nebo <em>Yeombul<\/em>, nen\u00ed osamocenou postavou, n\u00fdbr\u017e sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu posmrtn\u00fdch soudc\u016f.<\/p><p>Korejsk\u00e1 p\u0159edstava podsv\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159ejala z \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho buddhismu sch\u00e9ma deseti kr\u00e1l\u016f, <em>Siwang<\/em>. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z t\u011bchto kr\u00e1l\u016f stoj\u00ed v \u010dele soudn\u00edho dvora, kter\u00fdm du\u0161e zesnul\u00e9ho proch\u00e1z\u00ed v pevn\u011b stanoven\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed.<\/p><p>Yeomra je v t\u00e9to \u0159ad\u011b p\u00e1t\u00fdm kr\u00e1lem, a tedy nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a nejmocn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm z nich, jeho jm\u00e9no \u010dasto slou\u017e\u00ed jako souhrnn\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed pro celou instanci.<\/p><p>Du\u0161e je posuzov\u00e1na v ka\u017ed\u00e9m z deseti soudn\u00edch dvor\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jednotliv\u00e9 stanice jsou \u010dasov\u011b rozvr\u017eeny: prvn\u00edch sedm soud\u016f odpov\u00edd\u00e1 sedmi t\u00fddn\u016fm po smrti, dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed po sto dnech, po jednom roce a po t\u0159ech letech.<\/p><p>Toto sch\u00e9ma vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d korejsk\u00e1 poh\u0159ebn\u00ed praxe stanovovala ritu\u00e1ly za mrtv\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u011b v t\u011bchto term\u00ednech. Poz\u016fstal\u00ed mohli modlitbami a p\u0159enosem z\u00e1sluh ovlivnit rozsudek ve prosp\u011bch du\u0161e.<\/p><p>P\u016fvod syst\u00e9mu deseti kr\u00e1l\u016f spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduismu a buddhismu u\u010debn\u00ed text ve stru\u010dn\u00e9 form\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">S\u00fat\u0159e<\/span> deseti kr\u00e1l\u016f<\/em>, apokryfn\u00edm textu z doby dynastie Tang, kter\u00fd se prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm buddhistick\u00e9 literatury dostal do Koreje. Samotn\u00fd Yeomra vych\u00e1z\u00ed z indick\u00e9ho <em>Jamy (Yama)<\/em>, v\u00e9dsk\u00e9ho p\u00e1na mrtv\u00fdch, jen\u017e se p\u0159es buddhismus a \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed jako <em>Yanluo<\/em> roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il do v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie.<\/p><p>V Koreji se tato importovan\u00e1 postava spojila s dom\u00e1c\u00edmi \u0161amansk\u00fdmi p\u0159edstavami o posmrtn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b. V\u00fdzkum korejsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch d\u011bjin zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee t\u00edm Yeomra z\u00edskal dvoj\u00ed zakotven\u00ed: v buddhistick\u00e9m chr\u00e1mov\u00e9m kontextu a v \u0161amansk\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0158\u00edzen\u00e1 posloupnost symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lu<\/span> <em>gut<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8d41028 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp8d41028\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd4d1a50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpd4d1a50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yeomra v \u0161amansk\u00e9m poh\u0159ebn\u00edm ritu\u00e1lu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp840a7a5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp840a7a5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp81a107d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp81a107d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zat\u00edmco buddhistick\u00fd kontext zobrazuje Yeomru jako soudce v kosmick\u00e9m byrokratick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu, v korejsk\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd syst\u00e9m, ve kter\u00e9m specialist\u00e9 komunikuj\u00ed se sv\u011btem duch\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161amanismu<\/span> vystupuje v \u017eiv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edch. Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sv\u011bdectv\u00edm je vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed <em>Bari-gongju<\/em>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pou\u010dn\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed, nej\u010dast\u011bji o \u017eivot\u011b svat\u00fdch.\" tabindex=\"0\">legenda<\/span> o zapuzen\u00e9 princezn\u011b Bari.<\/p><p>Je odlo\u017eena jako sedm\u00e1 dcera, proto\u017ee kr\u00e1l o\u010dek\u00e1val syna, ale pozd\u011bji se vrac\u00ed, aby pro sv\u00e9 nemocn\u00e9 rodi\u010de p\u0159inesla z podsv\u011bt\u00ed vodu \u017eivota. Na sv\u00e9 cest\u011b se setk\u00e1v\u00e1 s mocnostmi onoho sv\u011bta. Po sv\u00e9m n\u00e1vratu se sama st\u00e1v\u00e1 ochrannou bohyn\u00ed zesnul\u00fdch a mytickou pram\u00e1t\u00ed \u0161amanek.<\/p><p>V tomto vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed Yeomra nevystupuje jako ne\u00faprosn\u00fd trestaj\u00edc\u00ed soudce, ale jako jedna z mocnost\u00ed, s nimi\u017e lze vyjedn\u00e1vat.<\/p><p>P\u0159esn\u011b tuto roli zauj\u00edm\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd specialista, kter\u00e9mu se p\u0159isuzuje zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi lidmi a sv\u011btem duch\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161aman<\/span> nebo \u0161amanka p\u0159i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ust\u00e1len\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lu<\/span>: P\u0159i <em>Jinogwi-gut<\/em>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ust\u00e1len\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lu<\/span> doprov\u00e1zen\u00ed du\u0161e na onen sv\u011bt, \u0161amanka zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1v\u00e1 mezi poz\u016fstal\u00fdmi a mocnostmi podsv\u011bt\u00ed. Zp\u00edv\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed <em>Bari-gongju<\/em>, vt\u011bluje se do princezny a prov\u00e1d\u00ed du\u0161i stanici po stanici skrze soudn\u00ed s\u00edn\u011b.<\/p><p>V\u011bdeck\u00e9 pozn\u00e1n\u00ed zde ukazuje, \u017ee Yeomra v Koreji napl\u0148uje dva kulturn\u00ed registry. V <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mu<\/span> je pevnou, pou\u010dnou instanc\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00edho odplatn\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du. V \u0161amansk\u00e9m <em>gut<\/em> je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed dramaticky vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00e9, emocion\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 cesty na onen sv\u011bt, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e je v pop\u0159ed\u00ed \u00fat\u011bcha poz\u016fstal\u00fdch.<\/p><p>Oba registry si neodporuj\u00ed, ale existuj\u00ed vedle sebe, co\u017e je pro korejskou n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou krajinu charakteristick\u00e9 sou\u017eit\u00ed buddhismu a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd syst\u00e9m, ve kter\u00e9m specialist\u00e9 komunikuj\u00ed se sv\u011btem duch\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161amanismu<\/span>. Srovnateln\u00e9 zprost\u0159edkuj\u00edc\u00ed postavy se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed i v jin\u00fdch v\u00fdchodoasijsk\u00fdch kultech mrtv\u00fdch, nap\u0159\u00edklad v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch p\u0159edstav\u00e1ch o <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145299\">Yanluovi<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ac0ac0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2ac0ac0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7e34112 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp7e34112\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ikonografie a chr\u00e1mov\u00e1 malba<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp32610db e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp32610db\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp52e6e48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp52e6e48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yeomra je v korejsk\u00fdch chr\u00e1mech p\u0159\u00edtomen p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm obrazov\u00e9 tradice s\u00edn\u00ed Deseti kr\u00e1l\u016f. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kl\u00e1\u0161tery m\u011bly vlastn\u00ed modlitebn\u00ed prostor, <em>Myeongbujeon<\/em> neboli s\u00ed\u0148 podsv\u011bt\u00ed, kde bylo deset kr\u00e1l\u016f se\u0159azeno jako sochy nebo malovan\u00e9 obrazov\u00e9 desky.<\/p><p>Ve st\u0159edu obvykle stoj\u00ed b\u00f3dhisattva <em>Jijang<\/em>, korejsk\u00e9 jm\u00e9no pro Kshitigarbhu, a nikoli samotn\u00fd Yeomra. Jijang je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za spasitele obyvatel pekla a dopl\u0148uje trestaj\u00edc\u00ed funkci kr\u00e1l\u016f protiv\u00e1hou soucitu.<\/p><p>Na obrazov\u00fdch desk\u00e1ch se Yeomra objevuje jako d\u016fstojn\u00fd soudce v \u00fa\u0159ednick\u00e9m od\u011bvu vysok\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edka, s \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed \u010dapkou a psac\u00edm n\u00e1\u010din\u00edm, obklopen\u00fd p\u00edsa\u0159i, posly a mu\u010diteli. V\u00fdchodoasijsk\u00e1 obrazov\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d modeluje podsv\u011bt\u00ed d\u016fsledn\u011b podle vzoru pozemsk\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy: existuj\u00ed seznamy, akta, sv\u011bdeck\u00e9 v\u00fdpov\u011bdi a stup\u0148ovan\u00e1 m\u00edra trestu.<\/p><p>Spodn\u00ed obrazov\u00e9 registry \u010dasto zobrazuj\u00ed drastick\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny pekla, v nich\u017e jsou trest\u00e1ny konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159e\u010diny, co\u017e je didaktick\u00fd prost\u0159edek, kter\u00fd m\u011bl podtrhnout mor\u00e1ln\u00ed poselstv\u00ed obrazov\u00e9ho programu.<\/p><p>Zachovan\u00e9 uk\u00e1zky takov\u00fdch obrazov\u00fdch desek z doby Joseon se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v n\u011bkolika korejsk\u00fdch chr\u00e1mech a v muzejn\u00edch sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch. Datov\u00e1n\u00ed je \u010dasto mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u00edky darovac\u00edm n\u00e1pis\u016fm, kter\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu a objednavatele obrazu. Um\u011bnov\u011bdn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum tyto n\u00e1pisy vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k rekonstrukci \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed kultu Deseti kr\u00e1l\u016f a jeho soci\u00e1ln\u00edho z\u00e1zem\u00ed.<\/p><p>Je pozoruhodn\u00e9, \u017ee takov\u00e9 obrazy byly \u010dasto darov\u00e1ny laick\u00fdmi sdru\u017een\u00edmi nebo jednotliv\u00fdmi rodinami, kter\u00e9 si t\u00edm cht\u011bly z\u00edskat z\u00e1sluhy pro zesnul\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9. Materi\u00e1ln\u00ed kultura tak potvrzuje to, na co ukazuj\u00ed texty: Yeomr\u016fv <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factypln\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> byl \u00fazce spojen s pot\u0159ebou ovlivnit osud vlastn\u00edch zem\u0159el\u00fdch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp97b0077 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp97b0077\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8137dde elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp8137dde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Spr\u00e1va smrti: poslov\u00e9 a rejst\u0159\u00edky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9277932 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9277932\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4104207 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp4104207\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Opakuj\u00edc\u00edm se <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivem<\/span> korejsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span> o Yeomra je apar\u00e1t pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1li slou\u017e\u00ed. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00ed jsou <em>Jeoseung Saja<\/em>, poslov\u00e9 z onoho sv\u011bta.<\/p><p>Ve vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edch jsou vys\u00edl\u00e1ni, aby v ur\u010den\u00fd \u010das vyzvedli du\u0161i. P\u0159edstava, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 smrt m\u00e1 \u00fa\u0159edn\u011b stanoven\u00fd term\u00edn zaznamenan\u00fd v registrech podsv\u011bt\u00ed, se prom\u00edt\u00e1 do mnoha lidov\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p><p>Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd typ vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed se t\u00fdk\u00e1 z\u00e1m\u011bny jmen: poslov\u00e9 omylem odvedou nespr\u00e1vnou osobu, proto\u017ee dva lid\u00e9 nesou stejn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no, a mus\u00ed du\u0161i vr\u00e1tit zp\u011bt.<\/p><p>Takov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy vysv\u011btluj\u00ed z\u00e1\u017eitky bl\u00edzk\u00e9 smrti a n\u00e1hl\u00e1 uzdraven\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee i posmrtn\u00e1 byrokracie byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za chybuj\u00edc\u00ed. Jin\u00e1 skupina vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed popisuje, jak \u017eiv\u00ed posly obm\u011bk\u010duj\u00ed hostinou, \u00faplatky nebo chytrou argumentac\u00ed, zrcadlo zku\u0161enost\u00ed s pozemsk\u00fdm \u00fa\u0159ednictvem.<\/p><p>V\u011bdeck\u00e9 vyhodnocen\u00ed tohoto materi\u00e1lu zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee korejsk\u00e9 podsv\u011bt\u00ed nen\u00ed m\u00edstem slep\u00e9 sv\u00e9vole, n\u00fdbr\u017e d\u016fsledn\u011b regulovan\u00fdm spr\u00e1vn\u00edm prostorem. Tato byrokratizace z\u00e1hrob\u00ed je spole\u010dn\u00fdm rysem v\u00fdchodoasijsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a v\u00fdrazn\u011b jej odli\u0161uje od p\u0159edstav o posmrtn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b v jin\u00fdch kulturn\u00edch okruz\u00edch.<\/p><p>M\u00e1 to praktick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed praxi: pokud onen sv\u011bt funguje podle \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edch z\u00e1znam\u016f a term\u00edn\u016f, lze jej ovlivnit spr\u00e1vn\u011b proveden\u00fdmi ritu\u00e1ly, p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00fdmi modlitbami a p\u0159enesen\u00fdm z\u00e1sluhov\u00fdm prosp\u011bchem. Poz\u016fstal\u00ed tak nez\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed bezmocn\u00ed, ale mohou vystupovat jako obh\u00e1jci du\u0161e. P\u0159esn\u011b na t\u00e9to logice stav\u00ed korejsk\u00e9 poh\u0159ebn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145187\">Korea, kultura<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145295\">Yama, indick\u00fd p\u016fvod<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145300\">Enma-\u00d4, japonsk\u00fd prot\u011bj\u0161ek<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prameny a literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Walraven, Boudewijn: <em>Songs of the Shaman<\/em>. Harvard University Press, 1994.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Grayson, James Huntley: <em>Myths and Legends from Korea<\/em>. Routledge, 2001.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Yi N\u016dng-hwa: <em>The History of Korean Buddhism<\/em>. Seoul, 1918 (Reprint 2000).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1753,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Yeomra","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Yeomra \u2013 Soudce podsv\u011bt\u00ed","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Buddhistick\u00e9 a taoistick\u00e9 zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 spravedlnosti v korejsk\u00e9 mytologii.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"korea","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145304","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - 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