{"id":145292,"date":"2026-09-03T16:28:56","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:28:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145292"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:52:05","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:52:05","slug":"siva","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/siva\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160iva"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145292\" class=\"elementor elementor-145292 elementor-1994 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0160iva, b\u016fh hinduistick\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0160iva je b\u016fh hinduistick\u00e9 tradice.<\/p><p><strong>Ni\u010ditel a obnovitel, tan\u010d\u00edc\u00ed b\u016fh meditace.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh \/ bohyn\u011b: Zosobn\u011bn\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc v panteonu kultury, s jasn\u00fdmi oblastmi p\u016fsobnosti, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edly, osud, v\u00e1lka, plodnost. Uct\u00edvan\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kult\u016f, ob\u011bt\u00ed a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch instituc\u00ed.\">B\u016fh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145168\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Hinduistick\u00e9 sv\u011bty boh\u016f, asur\u016f a ochrann\u00fdch bytost\u00ed, v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 a\u017e tantrick\u00e9.\">Hinduismus<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_shiva-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147498\" alt=\"\u0160iva \u2013 hinduistick\u00fd nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed b\u016fh zk\u00e1zy a obnovy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_shiva-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_shiva-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_shiva-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_shiva.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0160iva<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0160iva je jedn\u00edm ze t\u0159\u00ed boh\u016f trim\u00farti, kosmick\u00e9 trojice, kter\u00e1 vesm\u00edr vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, udr\u017euje a ni\u010d\u00ed. Se sv\u00fdm t\u0159et\u00edm okem, kter\u00e9 obrac\u00ed sv\u011bty v popel, s trojzubcem v ruce a hady kolem krku tan\u010d\u00ed \u0160iva *Natarad\u017eu*, Kosmick\u00fd tanec, kter\u00fd prom\u00edch\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010das, prostor a hmotu.<\/p><p>B\u016fh extr\u00e9m\u016f: divok\u00fd asketa v jeskyni Him\u00e1laje, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 miluj\u00edc\u00ed man\u017eel Parvat\u00ed a otec Gane\u0161e.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stru\u010dn\u00fd profil: \u0160iva<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> Hlavn\u00ed hinduistick\u00e9 bo\u017estvo, ni\u010ditel a transform\u00e1tor (trim\u00farti), patron asket\u016f<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn v\u0161ech boh\u016f n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteon<\/span>: Hinduismus (zejm\u00e9na \u0161ivaismus, jedno ze dvou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch hinduistick\u00fdch vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed)<br>Funkce: Zni\u010den\u00ed a znovuvybudov\u00e1n\u00ed vesm\u00edru, kosmick\u00fd tanec, j\u00f3ga, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensko-ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed tradice v hinduismu a buddhismu s naukou o polarit\u00e1ch energie.\">tantra<\/span><br>Hlavn\u00ed atributy: tri\u0161ula (trojzubec), damaru (bub\u00ednek), t\u0159et\u00ed oko, hadi, srpek m\u011bs\u00edce, tyg\u0159\u00ed ko\u017ee\u0161ina<br>Hlavn\u00ed kultovn\u00ed m\u00edsta: V\u00e1r\u00e1nas\u00ed (Ka\u0161\u00ed-Vi\u0161van\u00e1th), hora Kail\u00e1s (Tibet), Kedarn\u00e1th, R\u00e1m\u00e9\u0161varam, 12 d\u017ej\u00f3tirling\u016f<br>Hlavn\u00ed manifestace: Natarad\u017ea (kosmick\u00fd tane\u010dn\u00edk), Bhairava (hn\u011bviv\u00fd), Ardhan\u00e1ri\u0161vara (androgynn\u00ed), lingam (beztvar\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0160iva se vyv\u00edj\u00ed z v\u00e9dsk\u00e9ho bou\u0159n\u00e9ho a l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9ho boha <em>Rudra<\/em> (Rigveda, 1200&ndash;900 p\u0159. Kr.), ve v\u00e9dsk\u00fdch hymnech je Rudra je\u0161t\u011b okrajov\u00e9, ob\u00e1van\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>. Vzestup k hlavn\u00edmu bo\u017estvu nast\u00e1v\u00e1 v <em>Pur&acirc;&#7751;\u00e1ch<\/em> (zejm\u00e9na <em>&Saacute;iva Pur&acirc;&#7751;a<\/em> a <em>Linga Pur&acirc;&#7751;a<\/em>, 4.&ndash;10. stol. n. Chr.).<\/p><p>Hlavn\u00ed rozkv\u011bt tantrick\u00fdch \u0161ivaistick\u00fdch tradic nast\u00e1v\u00e1 od 8. stol. (K&acirc;p&acirc;lika, K&acirc;l&acirc;mukha, \u0160aiva-Siddh&acirc;nta, \u0161kola Trikasamb&acirc;ndha ka\u0161m\u00edrsk\u00e9ho \u0161ivaismu s Abhinavaguptou). V tamilsk\u00e9 oblasti v\u00fdznamn\u00fd bhaktick\u00fd korpus <em>N&acirc;yan&acirc;rs<\/em> (6.&ndash;9. stol.). Dnes je jedn\u00edm ze t\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u00edch hinduistick\u00fdch bo\u017estev vedle Vi\u0161nua a D\u00e9v\u00ed; \u0161ivaistick\u00e1 tradice zahrnuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b t\u0159etinu v\u0161ech hinduist\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hlavn\u00ed kultovn\u00ed m\u00edsta: <strong>V\u00e1r\u00e1nas\u00ed<\/strong> (Ka\u0161\u00ed, s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mem<\/span> Ka\u0161\u00ed-Vi\u0161van\u00e1th, jedn\u00edm z nejsv\u011bt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u00edst hinduismu, kde smrt \u00fadajn\u011b p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd vstup do Mok&#7779;y), <strong>hora Kail\u00e1s<\/strong> (v z\u00e1padn\u00edm Tibetu, jeho mytick\u00e9 s\u00eddlo), <strong>Kedarn\u00e1th<\/strong> (Uttar\u00e1khand, Him\u00e1laj), <strong>R\u00e1m\u00e9\u0161varam<\/strong> (Tamil N\u00e1du, jedno ze \u010dty\u0159 poutn\u00edch m\u00edst Char Dham).<\/p><p><em>Dvan\u00e1ct d\u017ej\u00f3tirling\u016f<\/em> tvo\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010clov\u011bk, kter\u00fd podnik\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensky motivovanou cestu na svat\u00e9 m\u00edsto.\" tabindex=\"0\">poutn\u00ed<\/span> \u0159et\u011bzec, kter\u00fd geograficky obep\u00edn\u00e1 celou Indii: Somn\u00e1th, Mallik\u00e1rd\u017euna, Mah\u00e1k\u00e1le\u0161var (Ud\u017eajn), \u00d3mk\u00e1re\u0161var, Kedarn\u00e1th, Bh\u00edma\u0161ankar, Ka\u0161\u00ed-Vi\u0161van\u00e1th, Trimbake\u0161var, Vaidjan\u00e1th, N\u00e1ge\u0161var, R\u00e1m\u00e9\u0161var, Ghu\u0161me\u0161var. V tamilsk\u00e9 oblasti je <strong>\u010cidambaram<\/strong> jako kultovn\u00ed centrum Natarad\u017ey teologick\u00fdm st\u0159edem tamilsk\u00e9 \u0161ivaistick\u00e9 tradice. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b v ka\u017ed\u00e9m hinduistick\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mu<\/span> s uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm lingamu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Hlavn\u00ed prameny: <em>Rigveda<\/em> (hymny o Rudrovi, zejm\u00e9na Rg.V. 2.33), <em>&Saacute;iva Pur&acirc;&#7751;a<\/em>, <em>Linga Pur&acirc;&#7751;a<\/em>, <em>Skanda Pur&acirc;&#7751;a<\/em>, <em>K&ucirc;rma Pur&acirc;&#7751;a<\/em>. Tantrick\u00e9 texty: <em>Vij&ntilde;&acirc;na Bhairava T&acirc;ntra<\/em>, <em>M&acirc;linivijayottara T&acirc;ntra<\/em>, <em>Svacchanda T&acirc;ntra<\/em>, <em>Netra T&acirc;ntra<\/em>. Tamilsk\u00e1 bhakti: <em>Tev&acirc;ram<\/em> t\u0159\u00ed N&acirc;yan&acirc;r\u016f (Sambandar, Appar, Sundarar) a <em>Tiruv&acirc;cakam<\/em> Manikkav&acirc;cakara.<\/p><p>Ka\u0161m\u00edrsk\u00fd \u0161ivaismus: Abhinavaguptova <em>Tantr&acirc;loka<\/em>. Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed literatura: Doniger, <em>Asceticism and Eroticism in the Mythology of &Saacute;iva<\/em> (klasick\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce); Sanderson, <em>The &Saacute;aiva Age<\/em>; Kramrisch, <em>The Presence of &Saacute;iva<\/em>; Michaels, <em>Der Hinduismus<\/em>.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a varianty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0160iva je zobrazov\u00e1n jako b\u016fh s modr\u00fdm hrdlem, \u010dasto nah\u00fd nebo od\u011bn\u00fd v tyg\u0159\u00ed ko\u017ee\u0161in\u011b, s vlasy sta\u017een\u00fdmi do uzlu, z n\u011bj\u017e vyt\u00e9k\u00e1 srpek m\u011bs\u00edce a \u0159eka Ganga. Jeho t\u0159et\u00ed oko, um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 svisle na \u010dele, se v hn\u011bvu st\u00e1v\u00e1 zbran\u00ed.<\/p><p>Ve \u0160ivov\u00fdch vlasech p\u0159eb\u00fdv\u00e1 m\u011bs\u00edc a sama Ganga. Nese trojzubec (tri\u0161ula), mal\u00fd bub\u00ednek (damaru) a hady jako \u0161perky. Lingam, abstraktn\u00ed, falick\u00fd tvar, je jeho hlavn\u00edm kultovn\u00edm symbolem. Popel (vibh\u00fati) na jeho k\u016f\u017ei odkazuje na od\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00ed a kosmickou zk\u00e1zu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Povahov\u00e9 rysy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0160iva p\u0159edstavuje kosmick\u00e9 v\u011bdom\u00ed, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159iv\u011b ni\u010d\u00ed, aby mohlo obnovovat. Jeho tanec <em>Natarad\u017ea<\/em> nen\u00ed krut\u00fd, n\u00fdbr\u017e nutn\u00fd, bez zni\u010den\u00ed nen\u00ed obnova. V meditaci jsou jog\u00edni a asketov\u00e9 ztoto\u017e\u0148ov\u00e1ni se \u0160ivou; <em>\u00d3m Namah \u0160iv\u00e1ja<\/em> je centr\u00e1ln\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ritu\u00e1ln\u011b opakovan\u00e1 slabi\u010dn\u00e1 nebo slovn\u00ed formule s transforma\u010dn\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinkem; v indick\u00fdch tradic\u00edch z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, na Z\u00e1pad\u011b adaptovan\u00e1 jako praxe deklarac\u00ed (decree).\">mantra<\/span> \u0161ivaismu.<\/p><p>\u0160ivar\u00e1tr\u00ed, \u00bbnoc \u0160ivova\u00ab, se slav\u00ed jednou za rok no\u010dn\u00edmi bd\u011bn\u00edmi, slavnostmi a obch\u00e1zen\u00edm lingamu. Lingamy v chr\u00e1mech, jako je V\u00e1r\u00e1nas\u00ed, jsou centry intenzivn\u00edho uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a pout\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: \u0160iva<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekty \u0160ivy na prvn\u00ed pohled. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed pole shrnuj\u00ed p\u016fvod, funkci, podobu, uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, symboly a kulturn\u00ed paralely.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kulturn\u00ed kontext<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Podle jedn\u00e9 tradice vze\u0161el \u0160iva s\u00e1m z nestvo\u0159en\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduismu absolutn\u00ed, beztvar\u00e9, atribut\u016f zbaven\u00e9 jsoucno; v upani\u0161ad\u00e1ch reflektov\u00e1no jako z\u00e1klad v\u0161ech jev\u016f.\">Brahman<\/span>, podle jin\u00e9 je synem Brahmova stvo\u0159en\u00ed. Man\u017eel <em>P\u00e1rvat\u00ed<\/em>, tak\u00e9 v podob\u00e1ch <em>S\u00e1t\u00ed<\/em> (prvn\u00ed man\u017eelka), <em>Durg\u00e1<\/em> (bojovnice), <em>K\u00e1l\u00ed<\/em> (zu\u0159iv\u00e1 ni\u010ditelka). Otec slon\u00ed hlavou obda\u0159en\u00e9ho <em>Gan\u00e9\u0161i<\/em> a boha v\u00e1lky <em>Skandy\/Murugan\u0430\/K\u00e1rtik\u00e9ji<\/em>. S\u00eddlo: <em>hora Kail\u00e1s<\/em> v Him\u00e1laji.<\/p><p>Kombinace povah jedine\u010dn\u00e1 ve sv\u011btov\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch dan\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span>: z\u00e1rove\u0148 asketa (<em>mah\u00e1j\u00f3g\u00ed<\/em>, medituj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bky) a extatick\u00fd tane\u010dn\u00edk (<em>Natarad\u017ea<\/em>); z\u00e1rove\u0148 ni\u010div\u00fd hn\u011bviv\u00fd b\u016fh (aspekt Bhairava) i m\u00edrn\u00fd, soucitn\u00fd rodinn\u00fd mu\u017e (s P\u00e1rvat\u00ed a syny).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159edm\u011bt p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ni\u010ditel v konceptu trim\u00farti, ale zni\u010den\u00ed jako <em>nutn\u00e9 znovustvo\u0159en\u00ed<\/em>: na konci ka\u017ed\u00e9ho mah\u00e1jugy \u0160iva zni\u010d\u00ed vesm\u00edr sv\u00fdm kosmick\u00fdm tancem (T\u00e1ndava), z popela pak vzejde nov\u00fd sv\u011bt. Patron <em>asket\u016f<\/em> (<em>sannj\u00e1sin\u016f<\/em>, s\u00e1dhu\u016f, agh\u00f3r\u016f), jog\u00edn\u016f a tantrik\u016f.<\/p><p>V bhaktijsk\u00e9 tradici je adres\u00e1tem osobn\u00ed l\u00e1sky k bohu (tamil\u0161t\u00ed n\u00e1jan\u00e1rov\u00e9 jsou nejproslulej\u0161\u00edmi \u0161aivistick\u00fdmi bhakti b\u00e1sn\u00edky). V kultu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span> lingamu je uct\u00edv\u00e1n jako beztvar\u00e1 energetick\u00e1 podstata, <em>lingam<\/em> (s <em>j\u00f3ni<\/em> jako z\u00e1kladnou) symbolizuje nestvo\u0159enou stvo\u0159itelskou energii. V ka\u0161m\u00edrsk\u00e9m \u0161aivismu je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed realitou v\u011bdom\u00ed (<em>Parama\u0161iva<\/em>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vzhled<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Antropomorfn\u011b zobrazov\u00e1n jako asketick\u00e1 mu\u017esk\u00e1 postava s modro\u0161edou plet\u00ed (v tantrick\u00e9 tradici pokryt\u00fd popelem, \u201eb\u00edl\u00fd jako sn\u00edh na Kail\u00e1su\u201c). <em>T\u0159et\u00ed oko<\/em> na \u010dele (oko vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed, j\u00edm\u017e sp\u00e1l\u00ed K\u00e1mu, boha l\u00e1sky). <em>Srpek m\u011bs\u00edce<\/em> ve slehl\u00fdch vlasech (<em>d\u017eata<\/em>), kter\u00e9 zachycuj\u00ed proud Gangy (m\u00fdtus Ganga-avatarana). <em>Hadi<\/em> kolem krku a jako posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 ozdoby.<\/p><p><em>Tri\u0161ula<\/em> (trojzubec) a <em>damaru<\/em> (p\u0159es\u00fdpac\u00ed buben, jeho\u017e zvuk stvo\u0159il vesm\u00edr). <em>Bedern\u00ed rou\u0161ka z tyg\u0159\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee<\/em>. V podob\u011b <strong>Natar\u00e1d\u017ei<\/strong> je zobrazov\u00e1n jako kosmicky tan\u010d\u00edc\u00ed postava v ohniv\u00e9m kruhu (<em>prabh\u00e1mandala<\/em>): prav\u00e1 noha se zved\u00e1, lev\u00e1 \u0161lape na trpasli\u010d\u00edho d\u00e9mona Apasm\u00e1ru (nev\u011bdomost). V podob\u011b <strong>Ardhan\u00e1ri\u0161vary<\/strong> je androgynn\u00ed, jedna polovina je \u0160iva, druh\u00e1 P\u00e1rvat\u00ed. V podob\u011b <strong>Bhairavy<\/strong> je hn\u011bviv\u00fd, ozdoben\u00fd lebkami.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Oblast p\u016fsoben\u00ed:<\/strong> \u0160ivu denn\u011b vz\u00fdvaj\u00ed stovky milion\u016f hinduist\u016f. Hlavn\u00ed sv\u00e1tky: <em>Mah\u00e1\u0161ivar\u00e1tri<\/em> (\u201evelk\u00e1 noc \u0160ivova\u201c, \u00fanor\/b\u0159ezen, jeden z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch hinduistick\u00fdch sv\u00e1tk\u016f, pro\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd v chr\u00e1mech v bd\u011bn\u00ed s ritu\u00e1ly lingamov\u00e9 abhi\u0161\u00e9ky), <em>K\u00e1rtika purnima<\/em>, <em>Prad\u00f3\u0161a vrata<\/em> (dvoum\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed p\u016fst 13. den lun\u00e1rn\u00edho m\u011bs\u00edce).<\/p><p>Ve V\u00e1r\u00e1nas\u00ed je smrt pova\u017eov\u00e1na za p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd vstup do m\u00f3k\u0161i d\u00edky ka\u017edodenn\u00edmu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo zakl\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed osloven\u00ed bo\u017estva \u010di moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> \u0160ivova jm\u00e9na do ucha um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edho. Tantrick\u00e9 praktiky v aghorsk\u00e9 a k\u00e1p\u00e1liksk\u00e9 tradici (extr\u00e9mn\u00ed askeze, poh\u0159ebn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly).<\/p><p>Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed lingamu je \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed v ka\u017ed\u00e9m \u0161ivaistick\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mu<\/span>, lingam se om\u00fdv\u00e1 vodou, ml\u00e9kem, medem, kokosov\u00fdm ml\u00e9kem a gh\u00ed (abhi\u0161\u00e9ka <em>pan\u010d\u00e1mrita<\/em>). V \u010cidambaramu prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed brahm\u00edni dik\u0161it\u00e1rov\u00e9 ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 1000 let stejn\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span> Natarad\u017ey.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e9 prost\u0159edky<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tri\u0161ula (trojzubec), damaru (p\u0159es\u00fdpac\u00ed bub\u00ednek), t\u0159et\u00ed oko, srpek m\u011bs\u00edce ve slepen\u00fdch vlasech, had\u00ed n\u00e1hrdeln\u00edk (zejm\u00e9na V\u00e1suki), bedern\u00ed rou\u0161ka z tyg\u0159\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee, <em>lingam<\/em> (beztvar\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak zastupuj\u00edc\u00ed ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> energie, v\u016fbec nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0161ivovsk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak zastupuj\u00edc\u00ed ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>), b\u00fdk <em>Nandi<\/em> (j\u00edzdn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159e, v\u017edy u vstupu do \u0161ivaistick\u00fdch chr\u00e1m\u016f), <em>vibh\u00fati<\/em> (posv\u00e1tn\u00fd popel, t\u0159i pruhy na \u010dele), modlitebn\u00ed \u0161\u0148\u016fra <em>rudr\u00e1k\u0161a<\/em> (semena posv\u00e1tn\u00e9ho stromu).<\/p><p>Posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 rostliny: strom <em>bilva<\/em> (Aegle marmelos, jeho listy jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za \u0160ivovi obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 mil\u00e9), durman, bany\u00e1n. Posv\u00e1tn\u00fd popel z krema\u010dn\u00edch m\u00edst.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Obdoby<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Rudra<\/em> (v\u00e9dsk\u00fd p\u0159edch\u016fdce), <em>Bhairava<\/em> (hn\u011bviv\u00fd aspekt, vlastn\u00ed str\u00e1nka), <em>Mah\u00e1k\u00e1la<\/em> (buddhismus, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u201aDiamantov\u00e9 vozidlo'; tantrick\u00e1 forma mah\u00e1j\u00e1nov\u00e9ho buddhismu, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v Tibetu, se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na praxi jidamu a techniku manter.\">vad\u017eraj\u00e1nov\u00e1<\/span> adaptace jako hn\u011bviv\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u011bjak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>), <em>Pa\u0161upati<\/em> (mo\u017en\u00fd p\u0159edch\u016fdce z \u00fadol\u00ed Indu na prehistorick\u00fdch pe\u010det\u00edch z Mohend\u017eodara), <em>Dion\u00fdsos<\/em> (\u0158ecko, extaticko-ni\u010div\u00fd aspekt, tanec, vinn\u00e1 tradice), <em>H\u00e1des-Pl\u00fat\u00f3n<\/em> (\u0158ecko, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1le\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed zemi nebo podsv\u011bt\u00ed; v antick\u00e9m n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed bohov\u00e9 a duchov\u00e9 hlubin (H\u00e1des, Er\u00ednye, D\u00e9m\u00e9t\u00e9r chthonia).\">chtonick\u00fd<\/span> a z\u00e1rove\u0148 plodn\u00fd dvoj\u00ed aspekt), <em>Wotan-Odin<\/em> (germ\u00e1nsk\u00fd, jednook\u00fd jog\u00ednsk\u00fd kr\u00e1l), <em>Cernunnos<\/em> (keltsk\u00fd, rohat\u00fd lesn\u00ed asketick\u00fd b\u016fh). Funk\u010dn\u011b sd\u00edlej\u00ed aspekty \u0160ivy v\u0161echna ni\u010div\u011b obnovuj\u00edc\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bo\u017estva a v\u0161echna asketicko-tantrick\u00e1 u\u010ditelsk\u00e1 bo\u017estva.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e1 praxe<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ritu\u00e1ly uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Shiva je vedle Vishnua hlavn\u00edm bohem hinduismu (Trimurti). Denn\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zahrnuje <em>abhi\u0161\u00e9ku<\/em> (pol\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed lingamu ml\u00e9kem, medem, jogurtem, gh\u00ed a vodou, tzv. <em>panchamrita<\/em>) a ob\u011btov\u00e1n\u00ed list\u016f bilvy na lingamu jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00edky, prosbu nebo \u00factu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011b\u0165<\/span>.<\/p><p>Mahashivaratri (v m\u011bs\u00edci Phalguna, \u00fanor\/b\u0159ezen) je jeho hlavn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek, spojen\u00fd s no\u010dn\u00ed bd\u011blost\u00ed a postem (srov. Doniger, <em>Hindu Myths<\/em>). Jeho nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm poutn\u00edm m\u00edstem je V\u00e1r\u00e1nas\u00ed (Kashi Vishvanath); dvan\u00e1ct svatyn\u00ed jyotirlingam (Somnath, Mahakaleshwar, Kedarnath aj.) utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed podobu jeho uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p><p><strong>Mantry a vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Mahamrityunjaya-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Svat\u00e1 slabika nebo formule, kter\u00e1 se v hinduismu a buddhismu opakovan\u011b p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantra<\/span> (Rigv\u00e9da 7.59.12), \u201eOm Tryambakam Yajamahe\u201c, je nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed indick\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010div\u00e1 a ochrann\u00e1 mantra. Panchakshara-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Svat\u00e1 slabika nebo formule, kter\u00e1 se v hinduismu a buddhismu opakovan\u011b p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantra<\/span> \u201eOm Namah Shivaya\u201c (Jad\u017eurv\u00e9da) se opakuje ve <em>jap\u011b<\/em> 108kr\u00e1t s pomoc\u00ed r\u016f\u017eence z rudrak\u0161ov\u00fdch kor\u00e1lk\u016f. \u0160ivova chvalozp\u011bv z Lingapur\u00e1ny je liturgick\u00fdm standardem.<\/p><p><strong>Amulety a ochrann\u00e9 symboly<\/strong><\/p><p>Rudrak\u0161ov\u00e9 kor\u00e1lky (semena plodu Eleocarpus, \u201e\u0160ivovy slzy\u201c) v mal\u00e1ch o 27\/54\/108 kor\u00e1lc\u00edch. Vibh\u00fati (svat\u00fd popel) se nan\u00e1\u0161\u00ed na \u010delo ve t\u0159ech horizont\u00e1ln\u00edch pruz\u00edch (<em>tripundra<\/em>). Tri\u0161ula (trojzubec), damaru (bub\u00ednek ve tvaru p\u0159es\u00fdpac\u00edch hodin) a samotn\u00fd lingam slou\u017e\u00ed jako ikonick\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo od apotropaikon: p\u0159edm\u011bty a znaky, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed odvracet ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">apotropaika<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Shiva, paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>\u0160ivova role ni\u010ditele a obnovitele p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 \u0159eck\u00e9ho Chronose nebo Lokiho ze seversk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch dan\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span>, bohy z\u00e1niku. Jeho askeze p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 Herma Trismegista z alchymistick\u00e9 tradice.<\/p><p>V modern\u00edch esoterick\u00fdch hnut\u00edch b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u0160iva ch\u00e1p\u00e1n jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> vnit\u0159n\u00ed prom\u011bny a duchovn\u00ed s\u00edly. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Posv\u00e1tn\u00e1 slabika nebo formule opakovan\u011b pron\u00e1\u0161en\u00e1 v hinduismu a buddhismu.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mantra<\/span> <em>\u00d3m Namah \u0160iv\u00e1ja<\/em> je celosv\u011btov\u011b zakotvena v j\u00f3gov\u00fdch kruz\u00edch.<\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4973181 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp4973181\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e313a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2e313a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Shiva jako Natarad\u017ea: tanec sv\u011bta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa6fd70e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa6fd70e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfc5206b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpfc5206b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jednou z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a teologicky nejhutn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch podob Shivy je <em>Natarad\u017ea<\/em>, kr\u00e1l tance. Tato podoba se zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 rozvinula v ji\u017en\u00ed Indii a svou klasickou v\u00fdtvarnou formu nalezla v bronzov\u00e9m um\u011bn\u00ed dynastie \u010c\u00f3l\u016f mezi 9. a 13. stolet\u00edm. Bronzov\u00e9 sochy Natar\u00e1d\u017ei pat\u0159\u00ed k nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm d\u00edl\u016fm indick\u00fdch d\u011bjin um\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p><p>Zobrazen\u00ed je promy\u0161len\u011b vystav\u011bn\u00fdm teologick\u00fdm obrazem. Shiva tan\u010d\u00ed uvnit\u0159 kruhu plamen\u016f, kter\u00fd symbolizuje vesm\u00edr. Pod pravou nohou drt\u00ed trpasl\u00edka, kter\u00fd p\u0159edstavuje nev\u011bdomost. V jedn\u00e9 ruce dr\u017e\u00ed mal\u00fd bub\u00ednek, jeho\u017e zvuk ud\u00e1v\u00e1 rytmus stvo\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p><p>Jin\u00e1 ruka dr\u017e\u00ed plamen, znak rozpadu a z\u00e1niku. Dal\u0161\u00ed ruka ukazuje gesto neboj\u00e1cnosti, \u010dtvrt\u00e1 sm\u011b\u0159uje ke zdvi\u017een\u00e9 noze, kter\u00e1 slibuje vysvobozen\u00ed.<\/p><p>V tomto jedin\u00e9m obraze je shrnuto p\u011bt Shivov\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mu p\u0159isuzuje hinduistick\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span>: stvo\u0159en\u00ed, udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, rozpad, zakr\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed a vysvobozen\u00ed. Tanec tedy nen\u00ed pouh\u00fdm pohybem, n\u00fdbr\u017e vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00edm nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9ho kosmick\u00e9ho procesu, v n\u011bm\u017e jsou vznik a z\u00e1nik neodd\u011bliteln\u011b spjaty.<\/p><p>Historik um\u011bn\u00ed Ananda Coomaraswamy tento v\u00fdklad podrobn\u011b rozvinul v hojn\u011b citovan\u00e9 esej z po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed. Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm kultovn\u00edm m\u00edstem t\u00e9to podoby je velk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> v \u010cidambaramu v Tamil Nadu, kter\u00fd je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za m\u00edsto, kde Shiva tento tanec provedl.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpaeb46c1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpaeb46c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4f80a42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp4f80a42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lingam: nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kultovn\u00ed symbol Shivy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp746bbf0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp746bbf0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9e69fe3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp9e69fe3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Na rozd\u00edl od mnoha jin\u00fdch hinduistick\u00fdch bo\u017estev nen\u00ed Shiva v chr\u00e1mov\u00e9m kultu uct\u00edv\u00e1n p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v lidsk\u00e9 podob\u011b, n\u00fdbr\u017e v podob\u011b <em>lingamu<\/em>, v\u011bt\u0161inou v\u00e1lcovit\u00e9ho, naho\u0159e zaoblen\u00e9ho kamene.<\/p><p>Lingam obvykle stoj\u00ed na z\u00e1kladn\u011b naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 <em>yoni<\/em>. Toto spojen\u00ed je v tradici vykl\u00e1d\u00e1no jako spolup\u016fsoben\u00ed mu\u017esk\u00e9ho a \u017eensk\u00e9ho principu, Shivy a bohyn\u011b.<\/p><p>V\u00fdklad lingamu byl p\u0159edm\u011btem mnoha diskus\u00ed. Star\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed jej ch\u00e1palo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jako falick\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>. Samotn\u00e1 hinduistick\u00e1 tradice a \u010d\u00e1st nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edho b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed naproti tomu zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamovou vrstvu: slovo <em>linga<\/em> znamen\u00e1 v sanskrtu tak\u00e9 znak nebo znamen\u00ed.<\/p><p>Lingam je tedy znakem Shivy, v\u011bdom\u011b nefigurativn\u00ed formou, kter\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u00edm vyjad\u0159uje neomezenost a p\u0159esah <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estva<\/span> nad ve\u0161kerou podobu. Jeden p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh z <em>Lingapurany<\/em> vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, \u017ee se Shiva zjevil jako nekone\u010dn\u00fd sloup sv\u011btla, jeho\u017e po\u010d\u00e1tek ani konec nedok\u00e1zali naj\u00edt ani Brahma a Vishnu. Lingam p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 tento sloup bez hranic.<\/p><p>Lingamy existuj\u00ed v mnoha podob\u00e1ch, od um\u011ble zhotoven\u00fdch <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch<\/span> lingam\u016f p\u0159es p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed, lidskou rukou neutv\u00e1\u0159en\u00e9 kameny, kter\u00e9 jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1le\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed bo\u017esk\u00e9mu a t\u00edm vy\u0148at\u00e9 z b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">svat\u00e9<\/span>, a\u017e po dvan\u00e1ct <em>Jyotirlingam\u016f<\/em>, lingam\u016f sv\u011btla, kter\u00e9 jsou rozm\u00edst\u011bny po cel\u00e9 Indii a pova\u017euj\u00ed se za nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed svatyn\u011b Shivy.<\/p><p>V ka\u017edodenn\u00edm chr\u00e1mov\u00e9m kultu je lingam uct\u00edv\u00e1n vodou, ml\u00e9kem, listy stromu bilva a dal\u0161\u00edmi dary. Nen\u00ed tedy abstraktn\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolem<\/span>, n\u00fdbr\u017e konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm st\u0159edem \u017eiv\u00e9, ka\u017edodenn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed praxe.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpda063b5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpda063b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbaddc2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpbaddc2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Asketa na Kail\u00e1su: Shivova povaha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8eba809 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp8eba809\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd7a7d91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpd7a7d91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Shiva ve sv\u00e9 podob\u011b spojuje rysy, kter\u00e9 se na prvn\u00ed pohled zdaj\u00ed neslu\u010diteln\u00e9. Je velk\u00fdm asketou, <em>mahaj\u00f3g\u00ednem<\/em>, kter\u00fd nehnut\u011b prodl\u00e9v\u00e1 v meditaci na ho\u0159e Kail\u00e1s v Him\u00e1laji, t\u011blo pokryt\u00e9 popelem, vlasy zplst\u011bn\u00e9 do rozcuchan\u00fdch kade\u0159\u00ed.<\/p><p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je otcem rodiny, sezdan\u00fdm s bohyn\u00ed Parvat\u00ed a otcem syn\u016f Gan\u00e9\u0161i a Skandy. Je p\u00e1nem divok\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at a pustiny, nos\u00ed hada jako \u0161perk a tyg\u0159\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei, ale \u017eije tak\u00e9 v kruhu sv\u00e9 rodiny.<\/p><p>Toto nap\u011bt\u00ed nen\u00ed rozporem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span>, n\u00fdbr\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed k teologick\u00e9mu j\u00e1dru t\u00e9to postavy. Shiva zt\u011bles\u0148uje p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch protiklad\u016f.<\/p><p>Je t\u00edm, kdo vypije jed a p\u0159esto nezem\u0159e: v p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu o stlouk\u00e1n\u00ed ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu Shiva spolkne sv\u011btov\u00fd jed, kter\u00fd hroz\u00ed zni\u010dit stvo\u0159en\u00ed, a zadr\u017e\u00ed jej v hrdle, kter\u00e9 se t\u00edm zbarv\u00ed do modra, odkud poch\u00e1z\u00ed jeho p\u0159\u00edzvisko <em>N\u00edlakantha<\/em>, Modrokrk\u00fd.<\/p><p>K jeho pevn\u00fdm atribut\u016fm pat\u0159\u00ed trojzubec, znamen\u00ed srpku m\u011bs\u00edce ve vlasech, t\u0159et\u00ed oko na \u010dele, jeho\u017e pohled m\u016f\u017ee sp\u00e1lit, a svat\u00e1 \u0159eka Ganga, kter\u00e1 podle <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span> sestupuje na zem p\u0159es jeho hlavu, p\u0159ibrzd\u011bn\u00e1 jeho vlasy, aby s\u00edla vody nezni\u010dila zemi.<\/p><p>Jeho j\u00edzdn\u00edm zv\u00ed\u0159etem je b\u00fdk Nandi. V t\u00e9to bohatosti rys\u016f se Shiva ukazuje jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>, kter\u00e9 v jedin\u00e9 podob\u011b spojuje nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a ochrann\u00e9, divok\u00e9 a zkrocen\u00e9, smrt a osvobozen\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3deafac e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp3deafac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe0713c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpe0713c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0160aivismus: Shiva jako nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed skute\u010dnost<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe3d59a0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpe3d59a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9cacd33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp9cacd33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Uvnit\u0159 hinduismu existuje rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd proud, kter\u00fd Shivu neuct\u00edv\u00e1 jako jedno z <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estev<\/span>, n\u00fdbr\u017e jako nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed skute\u010dnost: \u0161aivismus. Tento proud nen\u00ed jednotn\u00fdm celkem, n\u00fdbr\u017e zahrnuje mnoho region\u00e1ln\u011b a filosoficky odli\u0161n\u00fdch \u0161kol, kter\u00e9 se vytv\u00e1\u0159ely po stalet\u00ed.<\/p><p>V\u00fdznamnou \u0161kolou je ka\u0161m\u00edrsk\u00fd \u0161aivismus, filosofick\u00e1 tradice vypracovan\u00e1 v severn\u00ed Indii mezi 9. a 11. stolet\u00edm, jej\u00edm\u017e nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm myslitelem byl Abhinavagupta. Ch\u00e1pe celou skute\u010dnost jako rozvinut\u00ed jednoho v\u011bdom\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je ztoto\u017e\u0148ov\u00e1no se Shivou.<\/p><p>Dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm sm\u011brem je Shaiva siddhanta, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd zejm\u00e9na v ji\u017en\u00ed Indii, kter\u00fd rozvinul vlastn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed o vztahu Boha, du\u0161e a sv\u011bta. Krom\u011b toho existovaly asketick\u00e9 a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b spole\u010densky vy\u010dlen\u011bn\u00e9 skupiny, z nich\u017e nejstar\u0161\u00ed jsou dolo\u017eeny ji\u017e v prvn\u00edch stalet\u00edch na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu.<\/p><p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm hnut\u00edm uvnit\u0159 jihoindick\u00e9ho \u0161aivismu byli N\u00e1jan\u00e1rov\u00e9, skupina b\u00e1sn\u00edc\u00edch svat\u00fdch ran\u00e9ho st\u0159edov\u011bku, jejich\u017e hymny v tamilsk\u00e9m jazyce op\u011bvuj\u00ed Shivu t\u00f3nem osobn\u00ed oddanosti.<\/p><p>Jejich p\u00edsn\u011b byly shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bny a dodnes pat\u0159\u00ed k liturgick\u00e9mu reperto\u00e1ru jihoindick\u00fdch Shivov\u00fdch <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m\u016f<\/span>. \u0160aivismus ukazuje, \u017ee Shiva nen\u00ed pouze mytologickou postavou, n\u00fdbr\u017e p\u0159edm\u011btem propracovan\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> a filosofie.<\/p><p>Pro sv\u00e9 stoupence je z\u00e1kladem a c\u00edlem v\u0161eho, a rozmanitost \u0161kol dokl\u00e1d\u00e1, jak r\u016fzn\u011b bylo toto jedno p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu d\u011bjin vykl\u00e1d\u00e1no.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4286f88 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp4286f88\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3aa6d6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp3aa6d6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prameny: od v\u00e9dsk\u00e9ho Rudry k pur\u00e1nsk\u00e9mu obdob\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3b6167d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp3b6167d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfade2ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpfade2ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Postava \u0160ivy m\u00e1 dlouhou p\u0159edehru, kterou lze sledovat v pramenech. V nejstar\u0161\u00edm p\u00edsemnictv\u00ed, ve v\u00e9d\u00e1ch, se jm\u00e9no \u0160iva jako jm\u00e9no bo\u017estva je\u0161t\u011b nevyskytuje v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdznamu. Slovo <em>\u0161iva<\/em> zprvu znamen\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd, milostiv\u00fd, a vyskytuje se jako p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no.<\/p><p>Jedno v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span> v\u0161ak jasn\u011b nese rysy, kter\u00e9 se pozd\u011bji staly charakteristick\u00fdmi pro \u0160ivu: b\u016fh Rudra, d\u011bsiv\u00e1 postava spojen\u00e1 s bou\u0159\u00ed, nemoc\u00ed a divo\u010dinou, kterou se lid\u00e9 sna\u017eili usm\u00ed\u0159it prosebnou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo vz\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed osloven\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">invokac\u00ed<\/span>. Pr\u00e1v\u011b v takov\u00fdch usmi\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edch invokac\u00edch byl Rudra oslovov\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edvlastkem <em>\u0161iva<\/em>.<\/p><p>Z tohoto v\u00e9dsk\u00e9ho ko\u0159ene a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b i z dal\u0161\u00edch, nev\u00e9dsk\u00fdch tradic se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu n\u011bkolika stalet\u00ed vyvinula klasick\u00e1 podoba \u0160ivy. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm mezistupn\u011bm je <em>\u0160v\u00e9t\u00e1\u0161vatara-upani\u0161ad<\/em>, v n\u00ed\u017e se Rudra-\u0160iva ji\u017e objevuje jako nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>.<\/p><p>Nejpodrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mytologick\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed se pak nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v epech, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v <em>Mah\u00e1bh\u00e1rat\u011b<\/em>, a v pur\u00e1n\u00e1ch, rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 literatu\u0159e, je\u017e vznikala mezi ran\u00fdm a vrcholn\u00fdm st\u0159edov\u011bkem. Texty jako <em>\u0160ivapur\u00e1na<\/em> a <em>Lingapur\u00e1na<\/em> shrnuj\u00ed mytologick\u00fd materi\u00e1l.<\/p><p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed badatel\u00e9 se nav\u00edc domn\u00edvali, \u017ee ko\u0159eny sahaj\u00ed a\u017e do kultury \u00fadol\u00ed Indu, a odkazovali na ur\u010dit\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy pe\u010det\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zobrazuj\u00ed sed\u00edc\u00ed postavu obklopenou zv\u00ed\u0159aty. Tento v\u00fdklad je v\u0161ak velmi sporn\u00fd a nelze jej dok\u00e1zat.<\/p><p>Jist\u00e9 je, \u017ee podoba \u0160ivy je v\u00fdsledkem dlouh\u00e9ho procesu, v n\u011bm\u017e se spojila star\u0161\u00ed bo\u017estva, region\u00e1ln\u00ed tradice a teologick\u00e1 reflexe. Kdo chce \u0160ivu ch\u00e1pat historicky, mus\u00ed tuto vrstevnatost br\u00e1t v \u00favahu a nesm\u00ed pln\u011b vyvinutou podobu z pur\u00e1n bez dal\u0161\u00edho prom\u00edtat do d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dob.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145329\">Gan\u00e9\u0161a, syn (slonn\u00ed hlava)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145327\">Bhairava, vlastn\u00ed hn\u011bviv\u00e1 podoba<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145307\">Mah\u00e1k\u00e1la, tantricko-buddhistick\u00e1 adaptace<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145294\">K\u00e1l\u00ed, \u017eensk\u00e1 hn\u011bviv\u00e1 paralela (aspekt P\u00e1rvat\u00ed)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145298\">Durg\u00e1, \u017eensk\u00e1 bojovnick\u00e1 paralela (aspekt P\u00e1rvat\u00ed)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145168\">Hinduismus, p\u0159ehled panteonu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145234\">Vrcholn\u00e1 bo\u017estva, podkategorie<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145205\">Bohov\u00e9, p\u0159ehled t\u0159\u00edd<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Odborn\u00e1 literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Doniger, Wendy: <em>Asceticism and Eroticism in the Mythology of &Saacute;iva<\/em>. London 1973 (standardn\u00ed d\u00edlo).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Sanderson, Alexis: <em>The &Saacute;aiva Age<\/em>. In: <em>Genesis and Development of Tantrism<\/em>. Tokyo 2009.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Kramrisch, Stella: <em>The Presence of &Saacute;iva<\/em>. Princeton 1981.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Lorenzen, David N.: <em>The K&acirc;palikas and K&acirc;l&acirc;mukhas<\/em>. Berkeley 1972.<\/span><\/li><li>Sambandar, Appar, Sundarar: <em>Tev&acirc;ram<\/em>; Manikkav&acirc;cakar: <em>Tiruv&acirc;cakam<\/em> (tamilsk\u00e1 bhakti, dostupn\u00e9 p\u0159eklady).<\/li><li>Walde, Christine (ed.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (heslo &bdquo;&Saacute;iva&ldquo;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dal\u0161\u00ed standardn\u00ed d\u00edla v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145257\">seznamu literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52a9727 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"52a9727\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ea6358 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ea6358\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>\u010cast\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o \u0160ivovi<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Kdo je b\u016fh \u0160iva v hinduismu?<\/h3><p>\u0160iva je jedn\u00edm ze t\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u00edch boh\u016f hinduismu, vedle Brahmy (stvo\u0159itele) a Vi\u0161nua (udr\u017eovatele). \u0160iva je ni\u010ditel, ale v hinduistick\u00e9m pojet\u00ed je zni\u010den\u00ed nutn\u00e9 pro obnovu, na konci sv\u011btov\u00e9ho v\u011bku rozpou\u0161t\u00ed vesm\u00edr, aby mohl b\u00fdt znovu stvo\u0159en.<\/p><p>\u0160ivovy hlavn\u00ed atributy: trojzubec (tri\u0161ula), buben (damaru), t\u0159et\u00ed oko (oko pozn\u00e1n\u00ed), had kolem krku (Vasuki) a srpek m\u011bs\u00edce ve vlasech. Medituje na ho\u0159e Kail\u00e1s.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Co je \u0160iv\u016fv tanec (Natar\u00e1d\u017ea)?<\/h3><p>\u0160iva Natar\u00e1d\u017ea (P\u00e1n tance) je jednou z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u0160ivov\u00fdch podob, kosmick\u00fd tane\u010dn\u00edk, kter\u00fd sv\u00fdm tandavov\u00fdm tancem vesm\u00edr z\u00e1rove\u0148 tvo\u0159\u00ed, udr\u017euje a ni\u010d\u00ed.<\/p><p>Proslul\u00e9 bronzov\u00e9 sochy z obdob\u00ed dynastie \u010c\u00f3l\u016f (10.\u201312. stol.) jej zobrazuj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159ruk\u00e9ho v kruhu plamen\u016f, jak tan\u010d\u00ed na trpasl\u00edkovi Apasm\u00e1rovi (nev\u011bdomosti). Ka\u017ed\u00e9 gesto m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam: zvednut\u00e1 noha znamen\u00e1 osvobozen\u00ed, po\u0161lapan\u00fd trpasl\u00edk zni\u010denou nev\u011bdomost. Tanec je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1zorn\u00fd obraz zastupuj\u00edc\u00ed abstraktn\u00ed my\u0161lenku.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolem<\/span> kosmick\u00e9ho rytmu.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Kdo je b\u016fh \u0160iva v hinduismu?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"\u0160iva je jedn\u00edm ze t\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u00edch boh\u016f hinduismu, vedle Brahmy (stvo\u0159itele) a Vi\u0161nua (udr\u017eovatele). \u0160iva je ni\u010ditel, ale v hinduistick\u00e9m pojet\u00ed je zni\u010den\u00ed nutn\u00e9 pro obnovu, na konci sv\u011btov\u00e9ho v\u011bku rozpou\u0161t\u00ed vesm\u00edr, aby mohl b\u00fdt znovu stvo\u0159en.\u0160ivovy hlavn\u00ed atributy: trojzubec (tri\u0161ula), buben (damaru), t\u0159et\u00ed oko (oko pozn\u00e1n\u00ed), had kolem krku (Vasuki) a srpek m\u011bs\u00edce ve vlasech. 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Tanec je symbolem kosmick\u00e9ho rytmu.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1730,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"\u0160iva","_yoast_wpseo_title":"\u0160iva \u2013 ni\u010ditel a obnovitel trim\u00farti","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"\u0160iva, ni\u010ditel a obnovitel hinduistick\u00e9 trim\u00farti. 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