{"id":145285,"date":"2026-09-03T16:28:51","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:28:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145285"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:51:54","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:51:54","slug":"samael","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/samael\/","title":{"rendered":"Samael"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145285\" class=\"elementor elementor-145285 elementor-1978 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samael, b\u016fh \u017eidovsk\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samael je archand\u011blsk\u00e1 postava \u017eidovsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Proud \u017eidovsk\u00e9 mystiky s hlavn\u00edmi d\u00edly jako Sefer Jecira a Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabaly<\/span>, ambivalentn\u00ed s\u00edla mezi trestem a ochranou. Jeho n\u00e1bo\u017eenskov\u011bdn\u00ed v\u00fdznam spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve zosobn\u011bn\u00ed bo\u017esk\u00e9 strohosti (Geburah), v d\u00e9monick\u00e9 polovin\u011b mystiky sefirotick\u00e9ho stromu a v komplexn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span> hn\u011bvu jako duchovn\u00edho n\u00e1stroje.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh \/ bohyn\u011b: Zosobn\u011bn\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc v panteonu dan\u00e9 kultury, s jasn\u011b vymezen\u00fdmi oblastmi p\u016fsobnosti, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edly, osud, v\u00e1lka, plodnost. Uct\u00edv\u00e1no prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kult\u016f, ob\u011bt\u00ed a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch instituc\u00ed.\">B\u016fh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145123\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u017didovsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 tradice od Tanachu p\u0159es kabalu a\u017e po novodobou mystiku.\">Judaismus<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Archand\u011bl, nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed t\u0159\u00edda and\u011bl\u016f v \u017eidovsk\u00e9, k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 a isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 tradici.\">Archand\u011bl<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" 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8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 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24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_judentum_samael-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1749\" alt=\"Samael\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_judentum_samael-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_judentum_samael-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_judentum_samael-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_judentum_samael.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samael<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samael vystupuje jako trestaj\u00edc\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nebesk\u00e1 poselsk\u00e1 bytost Boha.\" tabindex=\"0\">and\u011bl<\/span> a n\u011bkdy jako kn\u00ed\u017ee <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no \u0161kodliv\u00e9 nebo dvojzna\u010dn\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mon\u016f<\/span>. Mezi jeho vlastnosti pat\u0159\u00ed trest, hn\u011bv, ale tak\u00e9 spravedlnost.<\/p><p>Mezi \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed m\u00fdty pat\u0159\u00ed: Samaelovo sveden\u00ed Evy (pseudepigrafn\u00ed hagadot), jeho role \u017ealobce p\u0159ed tr\u016fnem (Zohar), mystick\u00e1 cesta hechalot (literatura hechalot) a jeho ambivalentn\u00ed postaven\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00edho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nebesk\u00e1 poselsk\u00e1 bytost Boha.\" tabindex=\"0\">and\u011bla<\/span> i kr\u00e1le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no \u0161kodliv\u00e9 nebo dvojzna\u010dn\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mon\u016f<\/span> (Samael jako kr\u00e1l d\u00e9mon\u016f, Zohar I:19a).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rychl\u00fd p\u0159ehled: Samael<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samael poch\u00e1z\u00ed z \u017eidovsk\u00fdch apokryfn\u00edch a kabalistick\u00fdch pramen\u016f: Sefer ha-Razim (3.\u20134. stol.), literatura hechalot (5.\u20136. stol., hebrejsky) a zejm\u00e9na Zohar (13. stol.). R\u00e1mcov\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed spad\u00e1 do <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159echodn\u00e1 epocha mezi antikou a st\u0159edov\u011bkem, zhruba 3. a\u017e 7. stolet\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">pozdn\u00ed antiky<\/span> s pos\u00edlen\u00edm v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Proud \u017eidovsk\u00e9 mystiky s hlavn\u00edmi d\u00edly jako Sefer Jecira a Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabale<\/span>. Stav v\u00fdzkumu (Scholem, Karppe, Wolfson) ukazuje Samaela jako synkretickou postavu formovanou dualistick\u00fdm gnosticismem a zoroastrijsk\u00fdm vlivem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontext<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Postavu Samaela lze sledovat v pramenech v rozp\u011bt\u00ed zhruba p\u016fl druh\u00e9ho tis\u00edcilet\u00ed, od zm\u00ednek v ran\u00e9 apokalyptick\u00e9 literatu\u0159e p\u0159es Talmud a midra\u0161 a\u017e po Zohar a luri\u00e1nskou kabalu. P\u0159itom se posouvaly d\u016frazy: z \u017ealobce a and\u011bla smrti rab\u00ednsk\u00fdch text\u016f se v kabale stal kn\u00ed\u017ee d\u00e9monick\u00e9ho protisv\u011bta. I v modern\u00ed esoterice a popul\u00e1rn\u00ed kultu\u0159e se jm\u00e9no d\u00e1le objevuje, v\u011bt\u0161inou s odkazem na tyto star\u0161\u00ed vrstvy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samael nebyl omezen na ur\u010dit\u00fd region nebo lokalitu, ale byl univerz\u00e1ln\u011b zn\u00e1m a uct\u00edv\u00e1n nebo s respektem ob\u00e1v\u00e1n v cel\u00e9m \u017eidovsk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. A\u0165 ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch centrech, nebo v perifern\u00edch venkovsk\u00fdch oblastech, a\u0165 mezi spole\u010denskou elitou, nebo mezi prost\u00fdm lidem, duchovn\u00ed a kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdznam t\u00e9to entity byl uzn\u00e1v\u00e1n d\u016fsledn\u011b a univerz\u00e1ln\u011b.<\/p><p>Samael nebyl m\u00edstn\u011b omezenou lidovou v\u00edrou, ale sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed u\u010den\u00e9 literatury judaismu, kterou \u010detly v\u0161echny obce diaspory. S Talmudem, midra\u0161em a pozd\u011bji Zoharem se p\u0159edstavy o \u017ealobci a and\u011blu smrti \u0161\u00ed\u0159ily z Babylonie a Zem\u011b Izrael do \u0160pan\u011blska, Provence, It\u00e1lie a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy. Proto\u017ee se jednotliv\u00e9 obce op\u00edraly o stejn\u00e9 texty, z\u016fstal obraz Samaela na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b jednotn\u00fd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prim\u00e1rn\u00edmi prameny jsou Sefer ha-Razim (hebrejsky, 3.\u20134. stolet\u00ed), Hechalot Rabbati (hebrejsky, 5.\u20136. stol.), Zohar I:19a, b, 55a (aramejsky, 13. stol., redakce Isaaka Luriy) a Pirke de-Rabi Eliezer 13 (10. stol.).<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Sekund\u00e1rn\u011b analyzovali Samael\u016fv synkretick\u00fd p\u016fvod z gnosticismu, zoroastrismu a ran\u011b \u017eidovsk\u00e9 d\u00e9monologie Scholem (Jewish Mysticism, 1941; Kabbalah, 1974), Karppe (\u00c9sot\u00e9risme et Cabale, francouzsky, 1909), Wolfson (Through a Speculum That Shines, 1994) a Abrams (Kabbalistic Imaginery).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a varianty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samael je v r\u016fzn\u00fdch pramenech a um\u011bleck\u00fdch tradic\u00edch zobrazov\u00e1n s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi opakuj\u00edc\u00edmi se ikonografick\u00fdmi prvky, kter\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b st\u00e1l\u00e9 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu desetilet\u00ed i nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d r\u016fzn\u00fdmi geografick\u00fdmi oblastmi. Tyto prvky jsou hluboce symbolicky k\u00f3dovan\u00e9 a nesou velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam; v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nejsou zvoleny \u010dist\u011b dekorativn\u011b nebo n\u00e1hodn\u011b.<\/p><p>Samael je v pramenech popisov\u00e1n m\u00e9n\u011b obrazy ne\u017e funkcemi, proto\u017ee \u017eidovsk\u00e1 tradice figur\u00e1ln\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nezn\u00e1. Jeho charakteristick\u00fdmi znaky jsou \u00fa\u0159ady a motivy: \u017ealobce p\u0159ed nebesk\u00fdm soudem, and\u011bl smrti s me\u010dem, na jeho\u017e hrotu vis\u00ed kapka \u017elu\u010di, jezdec na hadu v midra\u0161i o p\u00e1du do h\u0159\u00edchu, v kabale kn\u00ed\u017ee Sitra achra a spole\u010dn\u00edk Lilith. Kdo zn\u00e1 rab\u00ednskou a kabalistickou literaturu, m\u016f\u017ee z t\u011bchto p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b ur\u010dit Samaelovo postaven\u00ed a oblast p\u016fsobnosti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samael m\u011bl kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 m\u00edsto v n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 praxi, v ka\u017edodenn\u00edch ritu\u00e1lech a v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed judaismu. Lid\u00e9 se v kritick\u00fdch nebo ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00edch situac\u00edch, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v ur\u010dit\u00fdch ritu\u00e1ln\u00edch obdob\u00edch roku, obraceli k t\u00e9to entit\u011b strukturovan\u00fdmi, \u010dasto n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdmi ritu\u00e1ly, modlitbami nebo ob\u011btn\u00edmi dary.<\/p><p>Zach\u00e1zen\u00ed se Samaelem bylo v \u017eidovsk\u00e9 tradici z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed u\u010denc\u016f, nikoli lidov\u00e9 zbo\u017enosti. Talmud a midra\u0161e se j\u00edm zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed v r\u00e1mci ust\u00e1len\u00e9 v\u00fdkladov\u00e9 tradice, kabalist\u00e9 ho za\u0159adili do sv\u00e9 systematiky Sitra Achra, tedy \u201edruh\u00e9 strany\u201c. Tak\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 praktiky proti and\u011blu smrti, jako ur\u010dit\u00e9 modlitby a ochrann\u00e9 formule, se \u0159\u00eddily tradovan\u00fdmi p\u0159edpisy a byly p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1ny a p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1v\u00e1ny rab\u00ednsk\u00fdmi autoritami.<\/p><p>Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee se tradice o Samaelovi udr\u017eela od Talmudu a\u017e po kabalu, souvisela s jej\u00edm praktick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00ednosem pro u\u010den\u00ed. Postava plnila n\u011bkolik funkc\u00ed: jako \u017ealobce vysv\u011btlovala, odkud poch\u00e1z\u00ed poku\u0161en\u00ed a zkou\u0161ka, ani\u017e by za to byl odpov\u011bdn\u00fd samotn\u00fd B\u016fh. Jako and\u011bl smrti d\u00e1vala um\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed pojmenovatelnou podobu, proti n\u00ed\u017e se mohly obracet ochrann\u00e9 modlitby. V kabale pak Samael slou\u017eil k tomu, aby zlo mohlo b\u00fdt ch\u00e1p\u00e1no jako vlastn\u00ed sf\u00e9ra v r\u00e1mci \u0159\u00e1du stvo\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Samael<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Profil zachycuje Samaela v \u0161esti rovin\u00e1ch: jeho slo\u017eit\u00fd p\u016fvod v gnosticismu a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sm\u011br \u017eidovsk\u00e9 mystiky s hlavn\u00edmi d\u00edly jako Sefer Jecira a Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabale<\/span>, jeho c\u00edlovou skupinu mezi mystick\u00fdmi kabalisty se z\u00e1jmem o d\u00e9monickou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, kter\u00e9 se pomoc\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f nebo formul\u00ed sna\u017e\u00ed zas\u00e1hnout do b\u011bhu v\u011bc\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">magii<\/span>, jeho ikonografick\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed jako trestaj\u00edc\u00edho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nebesk\u00e1 bytost, posel Bo\u017e\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">and\u011bla<\/span> nebo kr\u00e1le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no \u0161kodliv\u00e9 nebo rozporn\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mon\u016f<\/span>, jeho funk\u010dn\u00ed ambivalenci mezi trestem a u\u010den\u00edm, srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi d\u00e9monick\u00fdmi archand\u011bly (Uriel, Raguel) a jeho kontemplativn\u00ed roli v hekalotov\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd sm\u011br zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed zku\u0161enost Boha.\" tabindex=\"0\">mystice<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samael\u016fv p\u016fvod<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samael poch\u00e1z\u00ed z <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159echodn\u00e1 epocha mezi antikou a st\u0159edov\u011bkem, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 3. a\u017e 7. stolet\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">pozdn\u00ed antiky<\/span> (3. 4. stolet\u00ed, Sefer ha-Razim) s kabalistick\u00fdm ust\u00e1len\u00edm ve 13. stolet\u00ed (Zohar). Zem\u011bpisn\u00fd p\u016fvod le\u017e\u00ed v Judeji a pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch centrech <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sm\u011br \u017eidovsk\u00e9 mystiky s hlavn\u00edmi d\u00edly jako Sefer Jecira a Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabaly<\/span> (Provence, \u0160pan\u011blsko, Safed).<\/p><p>Datov\u00e1n\u00ed prvn\u00ed zm\u00ednky odpov\u00edd\u00e1 d\u00edlu Sefer ha-Razim (3. 4. stol.). Teologick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed jako kr\u00e1le d\u00e9mon\u016f se objevuje a\u017e v Zoharu (13. stol.), jako pozdn\u00ed ozv\u011bna gnosticko-dualistick\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samaelova c\u00edlov\u00e1 skupina<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samael se obracel p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na mysticky pokro\u010dil\u00e9 kabalisty. C\u00edlovou skupinou jsou mystikov\u00e9 se z\u00e1jmem o d\u00e9monickou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, kter\u00e9 se pomoc\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f nebo formul\u00ed sna\u017e\u00ed zas\u00e1hnout do b\u011bhu v\u011bc\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">magii<\/span>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jazykov\u00fd ritu\u00e1l, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 moc p\u0159ivolat nebo spoutat.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> a gnostick\u00e9 pozn\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostmi jsou mystick\u00e9 vize (hekalotov\u00e9 cesty), pok\u00e1n\u00ed (jako forma kontaktu se Samaelem), magick\u00e9 praktiky (jichudim) a konfrontace s vnit\u0159n\u00edmi d\u00e9mony. K <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo vz\u00fdvac\u00ed osloven\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> doch\u00e1z\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e v soukrom\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd sm\u011br zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed zku\u0161enost Boha.\" tabindex=\"0\">mystice<\/span> ne\u017e ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factypln\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samaelovo zjeven\u00ed<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samael v ikonografii: mu\u017esk\u00e1 nebo androgynn\u00ed postava s \u010dern\u00fdmi nebo \u010derven\u00fdmi k\u0159\u00eddly, s v\u00e1\u017enou nebo hn\u011bvivou tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. Jeho atributy jsou me\u010d nebo kop\u00ed (trest), ohe\u0148, n\u011bkdy had (aspekt sv\u016fdce). V Zoharu a u Luriji nos\u00ed Samael korunu slupky (Kelipa, zl\u00e1 sf\u00e9ra) a jeho pohled je hr\u016fzn\u00fd. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka o obsahu obraz\u016f a jejich v\u00fdznamu.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ikonografie<\/span> se pohybuje mezi trestaj\u00edc\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nebesk\u00e1 bytost, posel Bo\u017e\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">and\u011blem<\/span> a kr\u00e1lem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no \u0161kodliv\u00e9 nebo rozporn\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mon\u016f<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samaelovo p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Oblast p\u016fsoben\u00ed:<\/strong> Samael (\u05e1\u05de\u05d0\u05dc, \u201eBo\u017e\u00ed jed\u201c) vystupuje v rab\u00ednsk\u00e9 a kabalistick\u00e9 literatu\u0159e jako archand\u011bl smrti, jako zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00ed trestaj\u00edc\u00ed bo\u017esk\u00e9 spravedlnosti (Midat ha-Din) a v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed recepci jako v\u016fdce padl\u00fdch <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nebesk\u00e1 bytost, posel Bo\u017e\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">and\u011bl\u016f<\/span>.<\/p><p>V <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00ed d\u00edlo rab\u00ednsk\u00e9ho judaismu s v\u00fdkladem n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tradice.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmudu<\/span> Jeru\u0161almi<\/em> (Sanhedrin 24a) je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"And\u011bl, jemu\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1na ochrana jednotliv\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka.\" tabindex=\"0\">str\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm and\u011blem<\/span> Ezaua, v <em>Targumu Pseudo-Jonatan<\/em> ke Gn 3 vystupuje jako had v r\u00e1ji.<\/p><p><em>Zohar<\/em> (II, 35a) ho systematizuje jako man\u017eela Lilit a hlavu Sitra Achry (\u201edruh\u00e9 strany\u201c, d\u00e9monick\u00e9ho protip\u00f3lu ke sv\u011btu deseti sefir).<\/p><p>Jeho p\u016fsoben\u00ed zahrnuje nemoc, poku\u0161en\u00ed a smrt, je vykonavatelem bo\u017e\u00edho rozsudku, pov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm exekutorem, nikoli rebelem jako k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd Satan. V luri\u00e1nsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sm\u011br \u017eidovsk\u00e9 mystiky s hlavn\u00edmi d\u00edly jako Sefer Jecira a Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabale<\/span> je jeho p\u00e1d spojov\u00e1n s \u201erozbit\u00edm n\u00e1dob\u201c (\u0160virat ha-Kelim).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrana p\u0159ed Samaelem<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samael byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho a ambivalentn\u00edho, nikoli za \u010dist\u011b zl\u00e9ho nebo dobr\u00e9ho. Praktiky vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed byly vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 a vysoce rizikov\u00e9. V hekhalotsk\u00fdch textech se za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011blo za striktn\u00edho ritu\u00e1ln\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Ochrann\u00e9 praktiky zahrnovaly o\u010distu, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed osloven\u00ed bo\u017estva \u010di moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> Boha a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch talisman\u016f se svat\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny. Respekt v\u016f\u010di Samaelovi se projevoval strachem a opatrnost\u00ed, nikoli uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely k Samaelovi<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Srovnateln\u00e9 postavy: Uriel (ohniv\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nebesk\u00e1 bytost posla Bo\u017e\u00edho.\" tabindex=\"0\">and\u011bl<\/span> trestu, av\u0161ak nikoli d\u00e9monick\u00fd), Raguel (kosmick\u00e1 spravedlnost), Chamuel (Bo\u017e\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsnost, \u010dasto ekvivalent Samaela). Mimo judaismus: Ahriman (zoroastri\u00e1nsk\u00fd protivn\u00edk, dualismus), Azazel (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n \u0161kodliv\u00fd nebo rozporn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9monick\u00fd<\/span> kn\u00ed\u017eel, ale nikoli archand\u011bl). Ambivalence trestu a ochrany je Samaelovou zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrana v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Apotropaick\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly<\/strong><\/p><p>\u017didovsk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd proud zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed zku\u0161enost s Bohem.\" tabindex=\"0\">mystika<\/span> tradi\u010dn\u011b nezn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Samaela, n\u00fdbr\u017e jeho odvr\u00e1cen\u00ed. P\u0159edve\u010der sabatu (<em>Erev Shabbat<\/em>) je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u010das zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed zranitelnosti: zap\u00e1len\u00ed sabatov\u00fdch sv\u00ed\u010dek, prost\u0159en\u00ed stolu b\u00edl\u00fdm ubrusem a ml\u010den\u00ed p\u0159ed kidu\u0161 jsou apotropaick\u00e9 \u00fakony.<\/p><p><em>Zohar<\/em> doporu\u010duje p\u0159ed span\u00edm p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161et \u017ealm 91 jako ochranu p\u0159ed \u201eno\u010dn\u00edmi ranami&#8220;.<\/p><p><strong>Za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a formule <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Magick\u00e9 nebo c\u00edrkevn\u00ed vylou\u010den\u00ed; tak\u00e9 sv\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed moci pomoc\u00ed formule.\" tabindex=\"0\">klatby<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p>St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 a\u0161ken\u00e1zsk\u00e9 rukopisy (nap\u0159\u00edklad <em>Sefer Raziel ha-Malakh<\/em>) uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed formule <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Magick\u00e9 nebo c\u00edrkevn\u00ed vylou\u010den\u00ed; tak\u00e9 sv\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed moci pomoc\u00ed formule.\" tabindex=\"0\">klatby<\/span> proti Samaelovi, kter\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161inou pracuj\u00ed s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed osloven\u00ed bo\u017estva \u010di moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00edm<\/span> Tetragrammatonu a archand\u011bl\u016f Michaela, Gabriela, Uriela a Rafaela.<\/p><p>Kabalistick\u00e1 <em>Pulsa de-Nura<\/em> byla pozd\u011bji v ritu\u00e1ln\u00edm kontextu p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1na proti n\u011bmu. Formule \u201eMi ka-El, mi ka-Adonai&#8220; (Kdo je jako B\u016fh?) je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed osloven\u00ed bo\u017estva \u010di moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> Michaela proti Samaelovi.<\/p><p><strong>Amulety a ochrann\u00e9 symboly<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Mezuza<\/em> na dve\u0159n\u00edm r\u00e1mu (Dt 6,9, 11,20) je tradi\u010dn\u011b vykl\u00e1d\u00e1na jako ba\u0161ta proti Samaelovi a jeho vojsku (srov. <em>Menachot<\/em> 33b). Ochrann\u00e9 amulety s hexagramem (<em>Magen David<\/em>) nebo se 72p\u00edsmenn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem Boha (\u0160em ha-Mefara\u0161) se objevuj\u00ed v praktik\u00e1ch <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Proud \u017eidovsk\u00e9 mystiky s hlavn\u00edmi d\u00edly jako Sefer Jecira a Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabaly<\/span>.<\/p><p>Denn\u00ed no\u0161en\u00ed tefilin (Ex 13,16) je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za nep\u0159etr\u017eitou ochranu; v jemensk\u00fdch komunit\u00e1ch se text navinut\u00ed vztahuje speci\u00e1ln\u011b proti <em>Sitra Achra<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samael, paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><p><strong>\u017didovsk\u00e1 tradice:<\/strong> Samael soupe\u0159\u00ed s Urielem a Chamuelem (oba tak\u00e9 trestn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nebesk\u00e1 bytost posla Bo\u017e\u00edho.\" tabindex=\"0\">and\u011bl\u00e9<\/span>). Rozd\u00edl je v tom, \u017ee Samael je demonizov\u00e1n, zat\u00edmco Uriel a Chamuel z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed ambivalentn\u00ed, ale nikoli d\u00e9mon\u0161t\u00ed. Texty Zoharu ukazuj\u00ed Samaela jako druhou stranu trestu, propadlou dualismu. Azazel (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n \u0161kodliv\u00fd nebo rozporn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mon<\/span> ob\u011btn\u00edho kozla) je paraleln\u00ed postava bez postaven\u00ed archand\u011bla.<\/p><p><strong>\u0158ecko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd sv\u011bt:<\/strong> P\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 paralely neexistuj\u00ed. Vzd\u00e1len\u011b p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed: H\u00e9lios\/Apoll\u00f3n jako soudce, nebo Er\u00ednye\/Eumenidy jako trestn\u00ed d\u00e9monky. Spojuje je d\u00e9monick\u00e1 soudn\u00ed funkce. I H\u00e1des (kr\u00e1l podsv\u011bt\u00ed) nese d\u00e9monick\u00e9 rysy.<\/p><p><strong>Mezopot\u00e1mie:<\/strong> Mezopotamsk\u00fd ekvivalent: Nergal (b\u016fh v\u00e1lky a moru, vl\u00e1dce podsv\u011bt\u00ed, ambivalentn\u00ed). Kombinaci bo\u017esk\u00e9 autority a d\u00e9monick\u00e9ho charakteru sd\u00edlej\u00ed Samael a Nergal. Tak\u00e9 Kingu (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n \u0161kodliv\u00fd nebo rozporn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mon<\/span> chaosu, protivn\u00edk Marduka) m\u00e1 podobnou d\u00e9monickou funkci.<\/p><p><strong>Indie\/Asie:<\/strong> Indick\u00fd ekvivalent: Rudra (b\u016fh hn\u011bvu, zk\u00e1zy, ale i ochrany, hinduismus). Ambivalentn\u00ed povahu sd\u00edlej\u00ed Samael a Rudra. Buddhistick\u00e1 paralela: Mah\u00e1k\u00e1la (temn\u00fd ochrann\u00fd b\u016fh). Oba jsou p\u0159\u00edsn\u00ed a nebezpe\u010dn\u00ed, av\u0161ak nikoli \u010dist\u011b d\u00e9mon\u0161t\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe83adf5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpe83adf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4e5bfd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp4e5bfd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samael v rab\u00ednsk\u00e9 literatu\u0159e a midra\u0161i<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpee52509 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpee52509\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe3b4347 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpe3b4347\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samael (hebrejsky p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b <em>Sammael<\/em>) je jednou z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch d\u00e9monick\u00fdch a and\u011blsk\u00fdch postav \u017eidovsk\u00e9 tradice. V hebrejsk\u00e9 Bibli samotn\u00e9 se v\u0161ak nikde neobjevuje; poprv\u00e9 se s n\u00edm setk\u00e1v\u00e1me a\u017e v nebiblick\u00e9 literatu\u0159e. Jeho podrobn\u00e9 vyl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed nach\u00e1z\u00edme v midra\u0161i, v agadick\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici<\/span> a v apokryfn\u00edch spisech z prvn\u00edch stalet\u00ed po Kristu.<\/p><p>V t\u00e9to literatu\u0159e je Samael postavou mnohovrstevnou. \u010casto je popisov\u00e1n jako vysoce postaven\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nebesk\u00e1 poselsk\u00e1 bytost Bo\u017e\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">and\u011bl<\/span>, z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak jako \u017ealobce a protivn\u00edk, jeho\u017e role se sl\u00e9v\u00e1 s postavou nebesk\u00e9ho \u017ealobce, <em>Satana<\/em>.<\/p><p>V n\u011bkolika midra\u0161\u00edch je Samael pova\u017eov\u00e1n za <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nebesk\u00e1 poselsk\u00e1 bytost Bo\u017e\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">and\u011bla<\/span>, kter\u00fd v pozad\u00ed \u0159\u00edd\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o p\u00e1du \u010dlov\u011bka; jedna tradice z n\u011bj d\u011bl\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u00e9ho str\u016fjce sveden\u00ed v r\u00e1ji, jen\u017e vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 hada nebo je s n\u00edm spojen.<\/p><p>Jin\u00e9 texty spojuj\u00ed Samaela s pokusem zabr\u00e1nit ob\u011btov\u00e1n\u00ed Iz\u00e1ka Abrahamem nebo jej zvr\u00e1tit, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b s poku\u0161en\u00edm J\u00f3ba.<\/p><p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span> d\u011bl\u00e1 ze Samaela and\u011bla smrti, bytost, kter\u00e1 berej\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem odeb\u00edr\u00e1 lidem du\u0161i. V t\u00e9to funkci je vykonavatelem v r\u00e1mci Bohem stanoven\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du, tedy mnohem v\u00edc ne\u017e jen zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00edm zla.<\/p><p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska je tato mnohozna\u010dnost charakteristick\u00e1: v rab\u00ednsk\u00e9m my\u0161len\u00ed se Samael jev\u00ed jako nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1, \u017ealuj\u00edc\u00ed, smrt p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed bytost, kter\u00e1 nicm\u00e9n\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed nebesk\u00e9 hierarchie, nikoli protibohem stoj\u00edc\u00edm proti Bohu. Ostr\u00e9 rozli\u0161en\u00ed mezi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nebesk\u00e1 poselsk\u00e1 bytost Bo\u017e\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">and\u011blem<\/span> a \u010f\u00e1blem, jak je zn\u00e1me z pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edstav, zde je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed dovr\u0161eno.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcd05cd9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpcd05cd9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp59c59e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp59c59e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a ot\u00e1zka jeho v\u00fdznamu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6a96f0f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp6a96f0f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfe876ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpfe876ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Etymologie jm\u00e9na Samael je od d\u00e1vna p\u0159edm\u011btem v\u00fdkladu, ani\u017e by existovalo zcela jist\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed. Druh\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st, <em>-el<\/em>, je jednozna\u010dn\u00e1: jde o hebrejsk\u00e9 slovo pro Boha, kter\u00e9 se objevuje v \u0159ad\u011b and\u011blsk\u00fdch jmen jako Michael nebo Gabriel. Ozna\u010duje Samaela jako bytost, kter\u00e1 p\u016fvodn\u011b n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed do and\u011blsk\u00e9 sf\u00e9ry.<\/p><p>Prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st, <em>sam-<\/em>, je vykl\u00e1d\u00e1na r\u016fzn\u011b. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd v\u00fdklad ji spojuje s hebrejsk\u00fdm slovem <em>sam<\/em>, kter\u00e9 znamen\u00e1 jed; Samael by tak byl jed Bo\u017e\u00ed nebo jedovat\u00fd Bo\u017e\u00ed, co\u017e by dob\u0159e odpov\u00eddalo jeho roli and\u011bla smrti a sv\u016fdce.<\/p><p>Tento v\u00fdklad je star\u00fd a je zast\u00e1v\u00e1n i v samotn\u00e9 tradici. Jin\u00e9 n\u00e1vrhy vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z ko\u0159ene s v\u00fdznamem slepota, podle nich\u017e by byl Samael slep\u00fdm Bo\u017e\u00edm nebo t\u00edm, kdo \u010din\u00ed slep\u00fdm; tento v\u00fdklad byl p\u0159ijat v kabalistick\u00e9 literatu\u0159e a spojen s p\u0159edstavou, \u017ee zlo je jist\u00fdm druhem zaslepen\u00ed.<\/p><p>Badatel\u00e9 zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee podobn\u00e9 v\u00fdklady jmen jsou \u010dasto dodate\u010dn\u00fdmi interpretacemi, kter\u00e9 vypov\u00eddaj\u00ed v\u00edce o ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed postavy v ur\u010dit\u00e9 epo\u0161e ne\u017e o skute\u010dn\u00e9m jazykov\u00e9m p\u016fvodu. Jist\u00e9 je pouze to, \u017ee koncovka odkazuje k Bohu.<\/p><p>Nejistota ohledn\u011b prvn\u00ed slabiky je sama o sob\u011b v\u00fdmluvn\u00e1: ukazuje, \u017ee u\u017e \u017eidovsk\u00e1 tradice pokl\u00e1dala jm\u00e9no za pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 v\u00fdkladu a spojovala ho s kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi vlastnostmi Samaela, jedem, smrt\u00ed a zaslepen\u00edm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp80c149a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp80c149a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9718754 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9718754\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samael v kabale a jako man\u017eel Lilith<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7a0e1a3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp7a0e1a3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp194ea76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp194ea76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Proud \u017eidovsk\u00e9 mystiky s hlavn\u00edmi d\u00edly jako Sefer Jecira a Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabale<\/span>, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v literatu\u0159e kolem <em>Zoharu<\/em> a v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch kabalistick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech, z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 Samael systematick\u00e9 postaven\u00ed uvnit\u0159 nauky o zlu.<\/p><p>Zde je hlavou <em>Sitra Achra<\/em>, on\u00e9 druh\u00e9 strany, tedy protibo\u017esk\u00e9 sf\u00e9ry, je\u017e je ch\u00e1p\u00e1na jako temn\u00fd prot\u011bj\u0161ek sv\u011bta bo\u017e\u00edch emanac\u00ed. Samael v tomto syst\u00e9mu stoj\u00ed na \u010dele ne\u010dist\u00fdch mocnost\u00ed, tak jako na svat\u00e9 stran\u011b stoj\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nebesk\u00e1 poselsk\u00e1 bytost Bo\u017e\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">and\u011bl<\/span>.<\/p><p>S t\u00edm \u00fazce souvis\u00ed p\u0159edstava o Samaelovi jako man\u017eelovi <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145134\">Lilith<\/a>. Dvojice Samael a Lilith tvo\u0159\u00ed v kabalistick\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultu\u0159e.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span> temn\u00fd prot\u011bj\u0161ek svat\u00e9ho p\u00e1ru a je pokl\u00e1d\u00e1na za p\u016fvod dal\u0161\u00edch d\u00e9monick\u00fdch bytost\u00ed.<\/p><p>Jejich spojen\u00ed je vykl\u00e1d\u00e1no jako zdroj \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed zla ve sv\u011bt\u011b. Tato p\u0159edstava p\u00e1ru je specificky kabalistick\u00fdm rozvinut\u00edm, kter\u00e9 se ve star\u0161\u00ed rab\u00ednsk\u00e9 literatu\u0159e je\u0161t\u011b nevyskytuje.<\/p><p>Z v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho hlediska je kabalistick\u00e1 nauka o Samaelovi p\u016fsobiv\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem systematizace zla uvnit\u0159 monoteistick\u00e9ho r\u00e1mce. <em>Sitra Achra<\/em> nen\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm protibohem, n\u00fdbr\u017e z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na bo\u017esk\u00e9m \u0159\u00e1du a je nakonec my\u0161lena jako jemu pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00e1. Samael v tomto syst\u00e9mu zt\u011bles\u0148uje mo\u017enost zla, ani\u017e by bylo nutn\u00e9 opustit <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u00edra v jedin\u00e9ho Boha.\" tabindex=\"0\">monoteismus<\/span>.<\/p><p>Pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ezoterick\u00e9 a okultistick\u00e9 proudy novov\u011bku vytrhly Samaela z tohoto teologick\u00e9ho kontextu a u\u010dinily z n\u011bj m\u00edsty samostatnou postavu, co\u017e v\u0161ak m\u00edj\u00ed kabalistickou pointu, \u017ee i druh\u00e1 strana je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jedin\u00e9ho, Bohem ur\u010den\u00e9ho celku.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp69c20b3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp69c20b3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp02f3474 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp02f3474\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samael, ochrann\u00fd and\u011bl Ezaua a \u0158\u00edma<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6801553 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp6801553\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpce51878 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpce51878\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samostatn\u00fd proud tradice spojuje Samaela s p\u0159edstavou nebesk\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch and\u011bl\u016f n\u00e1rod\u016f. Podle v\u00fdkladu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9ho v rab\u00ednsk\u00e9 literatu\u0159e m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u00e1rod sv\u00e9ho nebesk\u00e9ho kn\u00ed\u017eete neboli <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nebesk\u00e1 poselsk\u00e1 bytost Boha.\" tabindex=\"0\">and\u011bla<\/span>, kter\u00fd jej zastupuje a p\u0159imlouv\u00e1 se za n\u011bj. V tomto r\u00e1mci se Samael st\u00e1v\u00e1 nebesk\u00fdm kn\u00ed\u017eetem Ezaua a t\u00edm i \u0158\u00edma.<\/p><p>Toto p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed je t\u0159eba ch\u00e1pat historicky. Ezau je v \u017eidovsk\u00e9m v\u00fdkladu pova\u017eov\u00e1n za praotce Ed\u00f3mu a Ed\u00f3m se v poznbiblick\u00e9m obdob\u00ed stal \u0161ifrou pro \u0158\u00edm a pozd\u011bji pro k\u0159es\u0165anskou moc, tedy pro velmoc, pod jej\u00ed\u017e vl\u00e1dou \u017eil a trp\u011bl \u017eidovsk\u00fd n\u00e1rod.<\/p><p>T\u00edm, \u017ee se Samael, \u017ealobce a protivn\u00edk, st\u00e1v\u00e1 nebesk\u00fdm z\u00e1stupcem t\u00e9to nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 moci, z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 historick\u00e1 zku\u0161enost ciz\u00ed vl\u00e1dy a \u00fatlaku kosmick\u00fd v\u00fdklad. Boj mezi J\u00e1kobem a Ezauem, mezi Izraelem a Ed\u00f3mem, se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v nebesk\u00e9m sporu mezi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"And\u011bl, jemu\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1na ochrana jednotliv\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka.\" tabindex=\"0\">ochrann\u00fdm and\u011blem<\/span> Izraele a Samaelem.<\/p><p>Zn\u00e1m\u00e9 agadick\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed dokonce vykl\u00e1d\u00e1 no\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1pas J\u00e1koba u \u0159eky Jabok, o n\u011bm\u017e vypr\u00e1v\u00ed kniha Genesis, jako boj J\u00e1koba se Samaelem, and\u011blsk\u00fdm kn\u00ed\u017eetem Ezaua. Z v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho hlediska ukazuje tento proud tradice, jak se d\u00e9monick\u00e1 postava mohla st\u00e1t nositelem d\u011bjinn\u011b-teologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdkladu.<\/p><p>Samael je zde zosobn\u011bn\u00e1 nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e1 d\u011bjinn\u00e1 moc a p\u0159esahuje tak roli sv\u016fdce v r\u00e1ji nebo and\u011bla smrti. Toto spojen\u00ed d\u00e9monologie a v\u00fdkladu d\u011bjin je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm rysem \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed a odli\u0161uje postavu Samaela od pouh\u00e9ho individu\u00e1ln\u00edho poku\u0161itele.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145134\">Lilith, man\u017eelka Samaela v luri\u00e1nsk\u00e9 kabale<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145138\">Azazel, p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd padl\u00fd and\u011bl v 1. Henochovi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145286\">Michael, hlavn\u00ed protivn\u00edk Samaela v and\u011blsk\u00e9 hierarchii<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145368\">Azrael, p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd and\u011bl smrti v isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 tradici<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145135\">\u0160edim, d\u00e9monick\u00fd houf pod Samaelov\u00fdm velen\u00edm<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145123\">Judaismus, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd kontext<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (v\u00fdb\u011br)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Scholem, Gershom: <em>Die j\u00fcdische <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd proud zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed zku\u0161enost s Bohem.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mystik<\/span> in ihren Hauptstr\u00f6mungen<\/em>. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt a.M. 1980.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Scholem, Gershom: <em>Von der mystischen Gestalt der <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed jako bo\u017esk\u00e1.\" tabindex=\"0\">Gottheit<\/span><\/em>. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt a.M. 1973.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Idel, Moshe: <em>Kabbalah: New Perspectives<\/em>. Yale University Press, New Haven 1988.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Mach, Michael: <em>Entwicklungsstadien des j\u00fcdischen Engelglaubens in vorrabbinischer Zeit<\/em>. Mohr Siebeck, T\u00fcbingen 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Davidson, Gustav: <em>A Dictionary of Angels<\/em>. The Free Press, New York 1967.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Patai, Raphael: <em>The Hebrew Goddess<\/em>. Wayne State UP, Detroit 1990.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1749,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Samael","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Samael \u2013 and\u011bl mezi trestem a ochranou","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Samael, po stalet\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u011b dochovan\u00fd: archand\u011blsk\u00e1 postava \u017eidovsk\u00e9 kabaly mezi trestem a ochranou, \u017ealobce p\u0159ed tr\u016fnem v Zoharu.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"4","wesen_kultur":"judentum","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145285","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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