{"id":145284,"date":"2026-09-03T16:28:51","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:28:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145284"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:51:55","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:51:55","slug":"proserpina","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/proserpina\/","title":{"rendered":"Proserpina"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145284\" class=\"elementor elementor-145284 elementor-1979 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina, bohyn\u011b \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina je bohyn\u00ed podsv\u011bt\u00ed a znovuzrozen\u00ed v \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 tradici. Je man\u017eelkou Pluta a vl\u00e1dkyn\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e mrtv\u00fdch, av\u0161ak sv\u00fdm ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edm n\u00e1vratem na svrchn\u00ed sv\u011bt z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 spojena s cykly p\u0159\u00edrody. Z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska je Proserpina zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00edm p\u0159echodu mezi \u017eivotem a smrt\u00ed, mezi horn\u00edm a doln\u00edm sv\u011btem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh \/ bohyn\u011b: Personifikovan\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc v panteonu ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury, s jasn\u00fdmi p\u016fsobnostmi, silami p\u0159\u00edrody, osudem, v\u00e1lkou, plodnost\u00ed. Uct\u00edv\u00e1na prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kult\u016f, ob\u011bt\u00ed a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch instituc\u00ed.\">Bohyn\u011b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145122\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed od doby kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 a\u017e po pozdn\u00ed antiku, synkretick\u00e9 s \u0159eck\u00fdmi a etrusk\u00fdmi vrstvami.\">\u0158\u00edm<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145235\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bo\u017estva podsv\u011bt\u00ed a smrti, vl\u00e1dci onoho sv\u011bta, soudci mrtv\u00fdch, pr\u016fvodci du\u0161\u00ed.\">Bo\u017estvo mrtv\u00fdch<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 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512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_proserpina-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1738\" alt=\"Proserpina\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_proserpina-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_proserpina-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_proserpina-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_proserpina.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina zt\u011bles\u0148uje dualitu panenstv\u00ed a man\u017eelstv\u00ed, nevinnosti a kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 autority. Je dcerou Cerery (obil\u00ed), man\u017eelkou Pluta a vl\u00e1dkyn\u00ed mrtv\u00fdch.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">M\u00fdtus<\/span> o jej\u00edm \u00fanosu Plutem vysv\u011btluje sez\u00f3nn\u00ed prom\u011bny rostlin a strukturu roku. Jej\u00edmi \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edmi aspekty jsou plodnost, dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159echod a zaru\u010den\u00ed nov\u00e9ho \u017eivota z \u0159\u00ed\u0161e mrtv\u00fdch. Eleus\u00ednsk\u00e1 myst\u00e9ria slavila jej\u00ed roli v kosmick\u00e9 obnov\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stru\u010dn\u00fd profil: Proserpina<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prameny: Ovidiovy Prom\u011bny (Metamorphoses) 5, Vergiliovy Zp\u011bvy rolnick\u00e9 (Georgica), Ciceronovo O povaze boh\u016f (De Natura Deorum), Apuleiovy Prom\u011bny (Metamorphoses), hymny k Proserpin\u011b, latinsk\u00e9 n\u00e1pisy a n\u00e1hrobn\u00ed epitafy. Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed literatura: Georg Wissowa, Karl Latte, Walter Burkert (k splynut\u00ed s Persefonou), Hubert Cancik. Kult Proserpiny byl siln\u00fd v eleus\u00ednsk\u00fdch kultech, ale roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en i v soukrom\u00fdch domech v It\u00e1lii, Galii a Africe.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontext<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina z\u016fstala p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1 i po z\u00e1niku antick\u00e9ho kultu. Ovidiovo vyl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed \u00fanosu v Prom\u011bn\u00e1ch a pozdn\u011bantick\u00fd epos Claudiana De raptu Proserpinae udr\u017eovaly l\u00e1tku \u017eivou, mal\u00ed\u0159i a socha\u0159i od renesance a\u017e po Berniniho a Rossettiho se k n\u00ed vraceli. Goethe o n\u00ed napsal monodrama. J\u00e1dro m\u00fdtu, rok rozd\u011blen\u00fd mezi svrchn\u00ed sv\u011bt a podsv\u011bt\u00ed, je dodnes nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm antick\u00fdm v\u00fdkladem ro\u010dn\u00edch dob.<\/p><h3>Mytologick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/h3><p>Proserpina je \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 bohyn\u011b jara a podsv\u011bt\u00ed, dcera Cerery. Jej\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span>, \u00fanos Plutem, n\u00e1vrat, je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd pro ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00edch dob. Nen\u00ed bezmocnou postavou, n\u00fdbr\u017e vl\u00e1dkyn\u00ed podsv\u011bt\u00ed vedle Pluta. Je ambivalentn\u00ed postavou prom\u011bny.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina byla obecn\u011b zn\u00e1ma a uct\u00edv\u00e1na nebo s respektem ob\u00e1v\u00e1na v cel\u00e9m \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, bez omezen\u00ed na ur\u010dit\u00e9 oblasti \u010di m\u00edsta. A\u0165 ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch centrech, nebo v odlehlej\u0161\u00edch venkovsk\u00fdch kraj\u00edch, a\u0165 mezi spole\u010denskou elitou, nebo mezi oby\u010dejn\u00fdm lidem, duchovn\u00ed a kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdznam t\u00e9to bytosti byl uzn\u00e1v\u00e1n v\u0161eobecn\u011b a jednotn\u011b.<\/p><p>P\u0159ijet\u00ed Proserpiny do \u0158\u00edma bylo rozhodnut\u00edm st\u00e1tu: na p\u0159\u00edkaz Sibylinsk\u00fdch knih byl jej\u00ed kult zaveden roku 249 p\u0159. n. l. spole\u010dn\u011b s kultem Dis Patera, aby se od obce odvr\u00e1tilo ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. Jej\u00ed \u0159eck\u00fd vzor Persefona p\u0159i\u0161la do \u0158\u00edma p\u0159es kolonie ji\u017en\u00ed It\u00e1lie a Sic\u00edlie; svatyn\u011b v Locri a sicilsk\u00e1 kultovn\u00ed m\u00edsta dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, jak obchod a kolonizace uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ve St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily a sjednotily.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed prameny: Ovidiovy Prom\u011bny 5 (\u00danos Proserpiny), Vergiliovy Zp\u011bvy rolnick\u00e9 a Aeneis, Hom\u00e9r\u016fv Hymnus na D\u00e9m\u00e9t\u00e9r (\u0159eck\u00fd prot\u011bj\u0161ek), Ciceronovo O povaze boh\u016f, Senekovy trag\u00e9die.<\/p><p>\u010casov\u00e9 obdob\u00ed: 5. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 6. stolet\u00ed n. l. Badatel\u00e9: Georg Wissowa, Karl Latte (D\u011bjiny \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed), Walter Burkert (\u0158eck\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed), Manfred Clauss (Kulty). Archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy: eleus\u00ednsk\u00e9 svatyn\u011b, n\u00e1hrobn\u00ed pam\u00e1tn\u00edky z \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 doby, defixiones se jm\u00e9nem Proserpiny.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ozna\u010den\u00ed a zp\u016fsoby psan\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina je v r\u016fzn\u00fdch pramenech a um\u011bleck\u00fdch tradic\u00edch zobrazov\u00e1na s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi opakuj\u00edc\u00edmi se ikonografick\u00fdmi prvky, kter\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b st\u00e1l\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d stalet\u00edmi i geografick\u00fdmi oblastmi. Tyto prvky jsou hluboce symbolicky k\u00f3dovan\u00e9 a nesou velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam; nelze je vysv\u011btlit jako pouhou dekoraci nebo n\u00e1hodnou volbu.<\/p><p>Na vyobrazen\u00edch Proserpiny lze rozpoznat jej\u00ed dvoj\u00ed povahu. Klasy, kv\u011btiny a gran\u00e1tov\u00e9 jablko odkazuj\u00ed na plodnost a vegetaci, sou\u010dasn\u011b na plod, jeho\u017e po\u017eit\u00edm byla v\u00e1z\u00e1na k podsv\u011bt\u00ed. Pochode\u0148 pat\u0159\u00ed k hled\u00e1n\u00ed jej\u00ed matky Cerery, tr\u016fn po boku Pluta ji ukazuje jako kr\u00e1lovnu \u0159\u00ed\u0161e mrtv\u00fdch. Kdo byl s m\u00fdtem obezn\u00e1men, rozpoznal v ka\u017ed\u00e9m z t\u011bchto znak\u016f jednu etapu jej\u00edho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu: \u00fanos, hled\u00e1n\u00ed, gran\u00e1tov\u00e9 jablko, rozd\u011blen\u00fd rok. Atributy vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00ed m\u00fdtus o ro\u010dn\u00edch dob\u00e1ch ve zhu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 form\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina hr\u00e1la kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 praxi, v ka\u017edodenn\u00edch ritu\u00e1lech i v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed obyvatel \u0158\u00edma. Lid\u00e9 se k t\u00e9to entit\u011b obraceli v kritick\u00fdch nebo ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00edch situac\u00edch, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v ur\u010dit\u00fdch ob\u0159adn\u00edch ro\u010dn\u00edch dob\u00e1ch, se strukturovan\u00fdmi, \u010dasto n\u00e1kladn\u00fdmi ritu\u00e1ly, modlitbami nebo ob\u011btinami.<\/p><p>Kult Proserpiny byl v \u0158\u00edm\u011b p\u0159esn\u011b upraven. V roce 249 p\u0159. n. l. byla jej\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed spolu s Dis Paterem zavedeno ofici\u00e1ln\u011b, ob\u011btiny na podzemn\u00edm olt\u00e1\u0159i Tarenta na Martov\u011b poli se \u0159\u00eddily p\u0159esn\u00fdmi ob\u0159adn\u00edmi pravidly. V \u0159ecky ovlivn\u011bn\u00fdch myst\u00e9ri\u00edch, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaly jej\u00edho vzoru Persefony, vedli zasv\u011bcen\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed kultovn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci; \u00fa\u010dast a pr\u016fb\u011bh se \u0159\u00eddily stroh\u00fdmi pravidly.<\/p><p>Ritu\u00e1ly k poct\u011b Proserpiny plnily po stalet\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed funkce. Jako bohyn\u011b vegetace byla vz\u00fdv\u00e1na spole\u010dn\u011b s Ceres za zd\u00e1rn\u00fd r\u016fst osiva, tedy za z\u00e1klad ob\u017eivy spole\u010denstv\u00ed. Jako kr\u00e1lovna podsv\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edmala dary, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly zesnul\u00fdm zajistit milostiv\u00e9 p\u0159ijet\u00ed. Jej\u00ed m\u00fdtus o ro\u010dn\u00edm v\u00fdstupu a sestupu nav\u00edc vykl\u00e1dal st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00edch obdob\u00ed a dal p\u0159echodu mezi \u017eivotem a smrt\u00ed uchopitelnou podobu.<\/p><h3>Vzhled a symbolika<\/h3><p>Proserpina b\u00fdv\u00e1 zobrazov\u00e1na v p\u0159echodn\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch, n\u011bkdy jako mlad\u00e1 a jarn\u00ed, jindy jako temn\u00e1. Nos\u00ed korunu a \u010dasto dr\u017e\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010de. Jej\u00edm atributem je gran\u00e1tov\u00e9 jablko (semeno n\u00e1vratu). Pat\u0159\u00ed k n\u00ed tak\u00e9 klasy je\u010dmene a kv\u011btiny. Jej\u00ed ambivalence je jej\u00ed silou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Proserpina<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Profil vysv\u011btluje povahu Proserpiny v \u0161esti rovin\u00e1ch: jej\u00ed mytick\u00fd p\u016fvod a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, formy jej\u00edho uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, kter\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmi \u00fakony nebo formulemi zas\u00e1hnout do b\u011bhu v\u011bc\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">magii<\/span>, jej\u00ed charakteristick\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed v um\u011bn\u00ed a symbolech, v\u00fdznam <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo vz\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed osloven\u00ed bo\u017estva \u010di moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> a \u00facty, p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 postavy v sousedn\u00edch kultur\u00e1ch a z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159ehled jej\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 funkce jako bohyn\u011b p\u0159echodu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fvod Proserpiny<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina je \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 forma \u0159eck\u00e9 Persefony a poch\u00e1z\u00ed z indoevropsk\u00fdch m\u00fdt\u016f o bohyn\u00edch plodnosti. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">M\u00fdtus<\/span> o jej\u00edm unesen\u00ed (latinsky: raptus) byl p\u016fvodn\u011b vysv\u011btlen\u00edm sez\u00f3nn\u00edch vegeta\u010dn\u00edch cykl\u016f. V \u0158\u00edm\u011b byla Proserpina uct\u00edv\u00e1na jako man\u017eelka Pluta, samostatn\u00e1 a mocn\u00e1.<\/p><p>Nejstar\u0161\u00ed doklady sahaj\u00ed do 5. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l., pos\u00edlily v\u0161ak pod \u0159eck\u00fdm vlivem (2.\u20131. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l.). Eleusinsk\u00e9 mysterijn\u00ed kulty ji roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily po cel\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Obdob\u00ed \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 800 p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">antick\u00e9m<\/span> sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ke komu se Proserpina obracela<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpinu vz\u00fdvali zem\u011bd\u011blci p\u0159i set\u00ed a sklizni, t\u011bhotn\u00e9 \u017eeny (jako z\u00e1ruka nov\u00e9ho \u017eivota) a truchl\u00edc\u00ed (k usm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed mrtv\u00fdch).<\/p><p>Eleusinsk\u00e1 mysteria byla p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b tajn\u00e1, ale jejich \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci vypov\u00eddali o roli Proserpiny jako o nositelce nad\u011bje po smrti. V dom\u00e1cnostech se k n\u00ed modlili za plodnost a ochranu d\u011bt\u00ed. Anthesteria (sv\u00e1tek kv\u011btin) byl ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed slavnost na jej\u00ed po\u010dest.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zobrazen\u00ed<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina byla zobrazov\u00e1na jako mlad\u00e1 \u017eena nebo zral\u00e1 kr\u00e1lovna, podle f\u00e1ze <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span>, mlad\u00e1 p\u0159i \u00fanosu, zral\u00e1 a korunovan\u00e1 jako vl\u00e1dkyn\u011b podsv\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p><p>Jej\u00edmi atributy jsou hlavi\u010dka m\u00e1ku (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> sp\u00e1nku a smrti), rohu hojnosti (nadbytek), \u017eezlo a pochode\u0148 (sv\u00edt\u00ed ve tm\u011b podsv\u011bt\u00ed). Na minc\u00edch sed\u00ed vedle Pluta nebo nos\u00ed korunu. Na n\u00e1hrobc\u00edch symbolizuje p\u0159echod a nad\u011bji na dal\u0161\u00ed existenci.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Oblast p\u016fsobnosti:<\/strong> Proserpina (t\u00e9\u017e Persefona, \u0159ecky) je \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 bohyn\u011b podsv\u011bt\u00ed, dcera Ceres (D\u00e9m\u00e9t\u00e9r) a man\u017eelka Pluta (H\u00e1da).<\/p><p>Symbolizuje p\u0159echod mezi ro\u010dn\u00edmi obdob\u00edmi, mezi \u017eivotem a smrt\u00ed. Jej\u00ed \u00fanos do podsv\u011bt\u00ed a ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1vrat k matce vysv\u011btluj\u00ed st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9ta a zimy. Nejde o bezmocnou nebo pasivn\u00ed postavu, v mnoha textech je vl\u00e1dkyn\u00ed podsv\u011bt\u00ed, man\u017eelkou s vlastn\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e9 prost\u0159edky<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina byla p\u0159edm\u011btem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo vz\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed osloven\u00ed bo\u017estva \u010di moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> a ochrann\u00e9 \u00facty jako prost\u0159ednice mezi \u017eivotem a smrt\u00ed, nikoli jako bohyn\u011b \u0161kody. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu na vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed d\u00edk\u016f, prosby nebo \u00facty.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ob\u011btinami<\/span> byly m\u00e1k, med, ovoce a \u010dern\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata.<\/p><p>P\u0159i \u00famrt\u00edch se k n\u00ed modlili, aby zesnul\u00e9 p\u0159ijala pod svou vl\u00e1du a dala jim klid. T\u011bhotn\u00e9 \u017eeny nosily amulety s jej\u00edm obrazem. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, kter\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmi \u00fakony nebo formulemi zas\u00e1hnout do b\u011bhu v\u011bc\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Magie<\/span> \u010dasto zahrnovala jej\u00ed jm\u00e9no p\u0159i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jazykov\u00fd ritu\u00e1l, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 p\u0159ivolat nebo spoutat n\u011bjakou moc.\" tabindex=\"0\">zakl\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> nebo k ochran\u011b p\u0159ed zl\u00fdmi duchy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Srovnateln\u00e9 bytosti<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Persefona (\u0159ecky) je p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm vzorem a struktur\u00e1ln\u011b s n\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 toto\u017en\u00e1. Inanna\/I\u0161tar v mezopotamsk\u00e9 tradici se j\u00ed podob\u00e1 cestou do podsv\u011bt\u00ed, nikoli v\u0161ak vazbou na ro\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed. V egyptsk\u00e9 oblasti vykazuje Osiris (mu\u017esk\u00fd) podobn\u00e9 funkce soudce mrtv\u00fdch a nositele nad\u011bje. Hel v germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 tradici je m\u00e9n\u011b ambivalentn\u00ed vl\u00e1dkyn\u00ed podsv\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina, paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina je \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 obdoba \u0159eck\u00e9 Persefony; jej\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> byl spojen s \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdm zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdm kalend\u00e1\u0159em a eleusinsk\u00fdmi myst\u00e9riemi. Zat\u00edmco Persefona z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 ve \u010dty\u0159sez\u00f3nn\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span> centr\u00e1ln\u00ed truchl\u00edc\u00ed postavou, Proserpina v \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 praxi p\u0159ej\u00edm\u00e1 nav\u00edc ochrann\u00e9 \u00fakoly pro man\u017eelstv\u00ed a dom\u00e1cnost.<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u017didovsk\u00e1 tradice:<\/strong> V \u017eidovsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch bo\u017esk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span> neexistuje bohyn\u011b podsv\u011bt\u00ed. \u0160eol je pasivn\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e mrtv\u00fdch bez personifikovan\u00e9 vl\u00e1dkyn\u011b. A\u017e v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sm\u011br \u017eidovsk\u00e9 mystiky s hlavn\u00edmi d\u00edly Sefer jecira a Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabale<\/span> a apokalyptice se zmi\u0148uj\u00ed and\u011blsk\u00e9 bytosti, ale \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 obdoby Proserpiny.<\/p><p><strong>\u0158ecko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd sv\u011bt:<\/strong> Persefona je \u0159eck\u00fdm origin\u00e1lem Proserpiny. Ve spole\u010dn\u00fdch kultech (zejm\u00e9na po 3. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l.) se jm\u00e9na a funkce prolnuly, ale struktur\u00e1ln\u011b z\u016fstaly stejn\u00e9. P\u0159idaly se dal\u0161\u00ed podsv\u011btn\u00ed bo\u017estva (Hekat\u00e9), ani\u017e by Persefonu vytla\u010dily.<\/p><p><strong>Mezopot\u00e1mie:<\/strong> Inanna\/I\u0161tar podnik\u00e1 cestu do podsv\u011bt\u00ed a je tam kr\u00e1tce zadr\u017eena, ale vrac\u00ed se zp\u011bt, struktur\u00e1ln\u011b podobn\u011b jako u Proserpinina sez\u00f3nn\u00edho cyklu, av\u0161ak dramati\u010dt\u011bji a m\u00e9n\u011b regenera\u010dn\u011b.<\/p><p><strong>Indie\/Asie:<\/strong> V hinduismu zt\u011bles\u0148uje K\u00e1l\u00ed zk\u00e1zu i regeneraci, ale nesd\u00edl\u00ed Proserpininu konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed roli man\u017eelky boha smrti. V ran\u00e9m buddhismu takov\u00e1 postava chyb\u00ed; podsv\u011bt\u00ed je m\u00e9n\u011b personifikovan\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp96567ce e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp96567ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp39824e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp39824e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00danos Proserpiny v detailu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp625c136 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp625c136\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp57771b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp57771b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o Proserpin\u011b se t\u00fdk\u00e1 jej\u00edho \u00fanosu Plutem, vl\u00e1dcem podsv\u011bt\u00ed. Ovidius jej podrobn\u011b popisuje v p\u00e1t\u00e9 knize <em>Metamorf\u00f3z<\/em>, druhou, odli\u0161nou verzi pod\u00e1v\u00e1 ve <em>Fasti<\/em>. Podle Ovidiova pod\u00e1n\u00ed trh\u00e1 Proserpina se sv\u00fdmi dru\u017ekami kv\u011btiny v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Posv\u00e1tn\u00fd lesn\u00ed porost, kter\u00fd slou\u017eil jako kultovn\u00ed m\u00edsto.\" tabindex=\"0\">h\u00e1ji<\/span> u sicilsk\u00e9ho jezera Pergus pobl\u00ed\u017e Henny.<\/p><p>Pluto, zasa\u017een\u00fd \u0161\u00edpem Amora, ji spat\u0159\u00ed, uchop\u00ed a odveze na voze do hlubin. Zem se otev\u0159e u jezera Cyane, jeho\u017e nymfa se marn\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed vzdorovat.<\/p><p>Ceres, matka, prohled\u00e1v\u00e1 celou zemi ve snaze naj\u00edt dceru. Ve sv\u00e9m hn\u011bvu podle Ovidia zp\u016fsob\u00ed ne\u00farodnost Sic\u00edlie. A\u017e nymfa Arethusa j\u00ed sd\u011bl\u00ed, \u017ee vid\u011bla Proserpinu jako kr\u00e1lovnu podsv\u011bt\u00ed. Ceres se obr\u00e1t\u00ed na Jupitera.<\/p><p>Navr\u00e1cen\u00ed v\u0161ak ztroskot\u00e1 na podm\u00ednce Parek: Kdo v podsv\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159ijal potravu, nesm\u00ed se vr\u00e1tit. Proserpina sjedla sedm jad\u00e9rek gran\u00e1tov\u00e9ho jablka, pozorov\u00e1na Askalafem, kter\u00e9ho za to prom\u011bn\u00ed v s\u00fd\u010dka.<\/p><p>Jupiter zprost\u0159edkuje kompromis. Proserpina str\u00e1v\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st roku v horn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b u matky, \u010d\u00e1st v podsv\u011bt\u00ed u Pluta. Ovidius ve <em>Fasti<\/em> uv\u00e1d\u00ed rovn\u00fd pod\u00edl, v <em>Metamorf\u00f3z\u00e1ch<\/em> pom\u011br dv\u011b ku jedn\u00e9 ve prosp\u011bch horn\u00edho sv\u011bta.<\/p><p>Toto kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed ji\u017e v samotn\u00fdch antick\u00fdch pramenech ukazuje, \u017ee vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nem\u011blo ust\u00e1lenou kanonickou formu. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">M\u00fdtus<\/span> se \u00fazce poj\u00ed s \u0159eckou l\u00e1tkou o D\u00e9m\u00e9t\u00e9r a Persefon\u011b, jej\u00ed\u017e nejpodrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed verzi pod\u00e1v\u00e1 hom\u00e9rsk\u00fd <em>Hymnus na D\u00e9m\u00e9t\u00e9r<\/em>. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e1 literatura tuto l\u00e1tku z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti p\u0159evzala, d\u011bji\u0161t\u011b v\u0161ak p\u0159enesla p\u0159ednostn\u011b na Sic\u00edlii, kter\u00e1 byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za centrum kultu Ceres.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5c9ee0b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp5c9ee0b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4f63d12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp4f63d12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina a m\u00fdtus o ro\u010dn\u00edch obdob\u00edch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp39c0a19 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp39c0a19\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp45c5234 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp45c5234\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o rozd\u011blen\u00e9m pobytu Proserpiny bylo ji\u017e v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Obdob\u00ed \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 800 p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">antice<\/span> ch\u00e1p\u00e1no jako vysv\u011btlen\u00ed st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00edch obdob\u00ed. Pobyt v podsv\u011bt\u00ed odpov\u00edd\u00e1 dob\u011b chud\u00e9 na vegetaci, n\u00e1vrat k matce r\u016fstu.<\/p><p>Tento v\u00fdklad je ji\u017e p\u0159\u00edtomen v antick\u00fdch textech, nap\u0159\u00edklad kdy\u017e Ovidius spojuje \u017eal Ceres s ne\u00farodnost\u00ed zem\u011b. Religionistick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum 19. a po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v okol\u00ed Jamese Frazera a takzvan\u00fdch cambridgesk\u00fdch ritualist\u016f, na tomto z\u00e1klad\u011b vytvo\u0159il rozs\u00e1hlou teorii um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edch a znovu se vracej\u00edc\u00edch vegeta\u010dn\u00edch bo\u017estev.<\/p><p>Nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum se k tomuto v\u00fdkladu stav\u00ed zdr\u017eenliv\u011bji. Upozor\u0148uje na to, \u017ee Proserpina je unesena a vl\u00e1dne, m\u00edsto aby zem\u0159ela, a \u017ee st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00fd klimatick\u00fd cyklus se sv\u00fdm such\u00fdm l\u00e9tem a vlhkou zimou neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 tomuto sch\u00e9matu bez pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed.<\/p><p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed badatel\u00e9 \u010dtou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> sp\u00ed\u0161e jako vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o zasv\u011bcen\u00ed a s\u0148atku: Proserpina proch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159echodem z d\u00edvky v \u017eenu, z domu matky do domu man\u017eela. Gran\u00e1tov\u00e9 jablko, mnohokr\u00e1t spojovan\u00e9 s plodnost\u00ed a man\u017eelstv\u00edm, tento v\u00fdklad podporuje.<\/p><p>Ob\u011b interpretace se nevylu\u010duj\u00ed. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Obdob\u00ed \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 800 p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antick\u00e9<\/span> kulty mohly tent\u00fd\u017e <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> ch\u00e1pat na n\u011bkolika \u00farovn\u00edch. Pro uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Ceres a Proserpiny v \u0158\u00edm\u011b byl v ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd vztah, jak dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 dubnov\u00fd sv\u00e1tek <em>Cerialia<\/em>.<\/p><p>Vedle toho existovala sp\u00ed\u0161e osobn\u00ed, na posmrtn\u00fd \u017eivot zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pro\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd postoj a praxe \u010dlov\u011bka.\" tabindex=\"0\">zbo\u017enost<\/span>, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto v mysterijn\u00edch kultech a sm\u011b\u0159ovala k individu\u00e1ln\u00ed nad\u011bji p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed smrt. Jak \u00fazce byly tyto linie v \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho bo\u017estva nebo svat\u00e9 postavy.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span> propleteny, lze z fragment\u00e1rn\u00edch pramen\u016f rekonstruovat jen \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa45d7ca e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa45d7ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26d5ef9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp26d5ef9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult a myst\u00e9ria Ceres a Proserpiny v \u0158\u00edm\u011b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp09178ee e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp09178ee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp875fb57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp875fb57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V \u0158\u00edm\u011b nebyla Proserpina jen samostatn\u00fdm p\u0159edm\u011btem kultu. Objevuje se v\u011bt\u0161inou spole\u010dn\u011b s Ceres. Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> obou bohyn\u00ed st\u00e1l na Aventinu, podle <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho \u00fakonu odevzdan\u00fd svatosti a t\u00edm vyjmut\u00fd z b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho \u017eivota.\" tabindex=\"0\">zasv\u011bcen<\/span> po\u010d\u00e1tkem p\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem, spole\u010dn\u011b s Liberem.<\/p><p>Tento aventinsk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factyhodn\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za plebejsk\u00fd prot\u011bj\u0161ek patricijsk\u00e9 tri\u00e1dy na Kapitolu, a m\u011bl tak i spole\u010densk\u00fd a politick\u00fd rozm\u011br.<\/p><p>Vlastn\u00ed podobu m\u011bly <em>sacra Cereris<\/em>, \u0159ecky orientovan\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factyhodn\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span>, kter\u00fd podle Cicerona vedly \u0159eck\u00e9 kn\u011b\u017eky z ji\u017en\u00ed It\u00e1lie a kter\u00fd byl vyhrazen v\u00fdhradn\u011b \u017een\u00e1m. Tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span> souvisel s eleus\u00ednsk\u00fdmi p\u0159edstavami, p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161el je v\u0161ak na \u0159\u00edmskou p\u016fdu.<\/p><p>Krom\u011b toho se v republik\u00e1nsk\u00e9m \u0158\u00edm\u011b v dob\u00e1ch krize slavil smute\u010dn\u00ed ob\u0159ad za Ceres a Proserpinu, kter\u00fd podle Livia mohl b\u00fdt za t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch nouz\u00ed p\u0159eru\u0161en, proto\u017ee smutek byl v takov\u00fdch okam\u017eic\u00edch pova\u017eov\u00e1n za nevhodn\u00fd.<\/p><p>Z c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 doby je nav\u00edc dochov\u00e1na no\u010dn\u00ed slavnost, v nepravideln\u00fdch intervalech konan\u00e1 <em>saecularn\u00ed slavnost<\/em>, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e mimo jin\u00e9 hr\u00e1ly roli <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00edky, prosbu nebo \u00factu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011btiny<\/span> Proserpin\u011b jako bohyni podsv\u011bt\u00ed. Prameny k jednotlivostem t\u011bchto ob\u0159ad\u016f jsou omezen\u00e9, proto\u017ee mysterijn\u00ed kulty sv\u016fj obsah v\u011bdom\u011b nezaznamen\u00e1valy p\u00edsemn\u011b.<\/p><p>Co v\u00edme, poch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z n\u00e1znak\u016f u Cicerona, z k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 polemiky a z n\u00e1pis\u016f a archeologick\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u016f. P\u0159esn\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pevn\u011b stanoven\u00e9 po\u0159ad\u00ed bohoslu\u017eby n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 obce.\" tabindex=\"0\">liturgie<\/span> z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry nezn\u00e1m\u00e1. Srovnateln\u00e9 struktury nach\u00e1z\u00edme u \u0159eck\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145277\">Persefony<\/a>, jej\u00ed\u017e eleus\u00ednsk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factyhodn\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> je zdokumentov\u00e1n pon\u011bkud l\u00e9pe.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3f2b3a9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp3f2b3a9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b5008f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2b5008f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina ve v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9m um\u011bn\u00ed a na sarkof\u00e1gech<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9688396 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9688396\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1c2e52e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp1c2e52e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00danos Proserpiny pat\u0159\u00ed k nej\u010dast\u011bji zobrazovan\u00fdm m\u00fdt\u016fm \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd je tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> na sarkof\u00e1gech ze st\u0159edn\u00ed a pozdn\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 doby. Sc\u00e9na typicky zobrazuje Plutona, kter\u00fd strh\u00e1v\u00e1 Proserpinu na sv\u016fj v\u016fz ta\u017een\u00fd ko\u0148mi, doprov\u00e1zen\u00fd Minervou, Dianou a zdr\u00e1haj\u00edc\u00ed se Cyan\u00e9.<\/p><p>Volba pr\u00e1v\u011b tohoto motivu pro hrobov\u00fd kontext je v\u00fdmluvn\u00e1: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">M\u00fdtus<\/span> o nedobrovoln\u00e9m p\u0159echodu do podsv\u011bt\u00ed a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9m n\u00e1vratu poskytoval obrazovou \u0159e\u010d smrti, kter\u00e1 vedle ztr\u00e1ty vyjad\u0159ovala tak\u00e9 nad\u011bji.<\/p><p>Krom\u011b toho existuj\u00ed n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00e9 malby, nap\u0159\u00edklad z Pompej\u00ed, a mozaiky, kter\u00e9 zobrazuj\u00ed \u00fanos nebo tr\u016fn\u00edc\u00ed Proserpinu jako vl\u00e1dkyni podsv\u011bt\u00ed. Jako kr\u00e1lovna podsv\u011bt\u00ed \u010dasto nos\u00ed diad\u00e9m nebo polos, ob\u010das klasy obil\u00ed nebo gran\u00e1tov\u00e9 jablko jako atribut.<\/p><p>Ve sv\u00e9 funkci vl\u00e1dkyn\u011b sed\u00ed vedle Plutona na tr\u016fnu, \u010dasto s t\u0159\u00edhlav\u00fdm psem Kerberem u nohou.<\/p><p>Recepce pokra\u010duje daleko za hranice <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Obdob\u00ed \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, zhruba od 800 p\u0159. n. l. do 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">antiky<\/span>. Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm novodob\u00fdm zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm je mramorov\u00e1 skulptura <em>Ratto di Proserpina<\/em> od Gianlorenza Berniniho z let kolem 1621 a\u017e 1622, kter\u00e1 s velkou dynamikou zachycuje okam\u017eik uchv\u00e1cen\u00ed.<\/p><p>V mal\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed se t\u00e9matu chopili mimo jin\u00e9 Rembrandt a pozd\u011bji prerafaelit\u00e9, nap\u0159\u00edklad Dante Gabriel Rossetti se svou <em>Proserpine<\/em>. Tak\u00e9 v hudb\u011b se l\u00e1tka uplatnila, nap\u0159\u00edklad v barokn\u00edch oper\u00e1ch. Archeologick\u00e9 a um\u011bleckohistorick\u00e9 doklady spole\u010dn\u011b \u010din\u00ed z Proserpiny jednu z obrazov\u011b nejl\u00e9pe dokumentovan\u00fdch postav \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1d56957 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp1d56957\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp521bb21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp521bb21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Etymologie a vztah k Persefon\u011b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp47a25ab e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp47a25ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp88c9301 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp88c9301\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jm\u00e9no Proserpina nen\u00ed z jazykov\u011b-historick\u00e9ho hlediska zcela objasn\u011bno. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, zhruba od 800 p\u0159. n. l. do 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antick\u00e1<\/span> lidov\u00e1 etymologie je spojovala s latinsk\u00fdm slovesem <em>proserpere<\/em>, vyl\u00e9zat, kl\u00ed\u010dit, a vykl\u00e1dala je jako vzch\u00e1zen\u00ed setby. Tento v\u00fdklad se objevuje u Cicerona a u Varrona. Modern\u00ed jazykov\u011bda jej pova\u017euje za druhotn\u00fd v\u00fdklad.<\/p><p>Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je, \u017ee <em>Proserpina<\/em> p\u0159edstavuje zvukovou p\u0159em\u011bnu \u0159eck\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na <em>Persephone<\/em>, mo\u017en\u00e1 zprost\u0159edkovanou p\u0159es etruskou mezistupe\u0148. Na etrusk\u00fdch zrcadlech se postava objevuje pod jm\u00e9nem <em>Phersipnai<\/em> nebo v podobn\u00fdch tvarech, co\u017e zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159es etru\u0161tinu \u010din\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fdm.<\/p><p>\u0158eck\u00e9 jm\u00e9no <em>Persephone<\/em> samo je tak\u00e9 pova\u017eov\u00e1no za nejasn\u00e9 a poch\u00e1z\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b z p\u0159ed\u0159eck\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed. Ji\u017e \u0158ekov\u00e9 znali \u010detn\u00e9 vedlej\u0161\u00ed tvary jako <em>Persephatta<\/em> nebo <em>Pherrephatta<\/em>, co\u017e ukazuje na starobyl\u00e9, obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b vylo\u017eiteln\u00e9 jm\u00e9no. Mno\u017estv\u00ed variant ukazuje, \u017ee postava nebyla v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici<\/span> jazykov\u011b nikdy zcela ust\u00e1lena.<\/p><p>V \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9m n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed se Proserpina brzy spojila s dom\u00e1c\u00ed p\u0159edstavou podsv\u011bt\u00ed, ale byla tak\u00e9 ztoto\u017e\u0148ov\u00e1na s italskou bohyn\u00ed Liberou, \u017eensk\u00fdm prot\u011bj\u0161kem Libera. Toto ztoto\u017en\u011bn\u00ed nen\u00ed d\u016fsledn\u00e9 a ukazuje, jak se v t\u00e9to postav\u011b prot\u00ednaly r\u016fzn\u00e9 tradi\u010dn\u00ed linie.<\/p><p>Pro v\u011bdeck\u00e9 posouzen\u00ed je Proserpina proto dobr\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem toho, jak byl \u0159eck\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1van\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> zprost\u0159edkovan\u00fdmi kulturami vsazen do \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a p\u0159i tom spojen s existuj\u00edc\u00edmi dom\u00e1c\u00edmi prvky. \u00dapln\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 postavy od \u0159eck\u00e9 je v zachovan\u00fdch pramenech t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nemo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa0b2c61 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa0b2c61\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1225fc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp1225fc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina jako vl\u00e1dkyn\u011b podsv\u011bt\u00ed a v praxi kletebn\u00edch tabulek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3d58d11 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp3d58d11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9a4fb59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp9a4fb59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vedle sv\u00e9 role v m\u00fdtu o ro\u010dn\u00edch dob\u00e1ch m\u011bla Proserpina tak\u00e9 samostatnou funkci vl\u00e1dkyn\u011b \u0159\u00ed\u0161e mrtv\u00fdch.<\/p><p>V t\u00e9to roli se objevuje v jednom druhu pramen\u016f, kter\u00fd je pro \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd b\u011b\u017en\u00fd \u017eivot zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 poutav\u00fd: v kletebn\u00edch tabulk\u00e1ch, latinsky <em>defixiones<\/em>. Tyto texty, obvykle vyryt\u00e9 do olov\u011bn\u00fdch desti\u010dek, byly ukl\u00e1d\u00e1ny do hrob\u016f, studn\u00ed nebo pramen\u016f a vz\u00fdvaly podsv\u011btn\u00ed s\u00edly, aby u\u0161kodily protivn\u00edkovi, ovlivnily soudn\u00ed spor nebo pomohly z\u00edskat zp\u011bt ukraden\u00fd majetek.<\/p><p>Na mnoha zachovan\u00fdch tabulk\u00e1ch je Proserpina vz\u00fdv\u00e1na spole\u010dn\u011b s Plutem nebo Dis Paterem. Objevuje se tam pod r\u016fzn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edvlastky, ob\u010das i ve spojen\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi podsv\u011btn\u00edmi postavami.<\/p><p>Jazyk t\u011bchto text\u016f je formulovit\u00fd a \u0159\u00edd\u00ed se rozpoznateln\u00fdmi vzory, co\u017e nazna\u010duje existenci p\u0159edloh nebo specializovan\u00fdch tv\u016frc\u016f. Pro badatele jsou <em>defixiones<\/em> cenn\u00e9, proto\u017ee dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pro\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd postoj a praxe \u010dlov\u011bka.\" tabindex=\"0\">zbo\u017enost<\/span> mimo r\u00e1mec ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch st\u00e1tn\u00edch kult\u016f a ukazuj\u00ed, jak se lid\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u011b obraceli k boh\u016fm.<\/p><p>Proserpina byla tak\u00e9 spojena s posmrtnou odm\u011bnou a trestem. V mysterijn\u00edch p\u0159edstav\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 jsou mimo jin\u00e9 patrn\u00e9 na takzvan\u00fdch orfick\u00fdch zlat\u00fdch desti\u010dk\u00e1ch, hraje podsv\u011btn\u00ed kr\u00e1lovna roli instance, p\u0159ed n\u00ed\u017e zem\u0159el\u00e1 du\u0161e obstoj\u00ed nebo neobstoj\u00ed.<\/p><p>Zda tyto desti\u010dky maj\u00ed na mysli Proserpinu v \u00fazk\u00e9m \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9m smyslu, nebo obecn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u0159ecky pojatou podsv\u011btn\u00ed bohyni, je v jednotliv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 rozhodnout. Celkov\u011b tato skupina pramen\u016f ukazuje, \u017ee Proserpina byla nad r\u00e1mec liter\u00e1rn\u00ed mytologick\u00e9 postavy adres\u00e1tkou skute\u010dn\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed praxe, sahaj\u00edc\u00ed od milostn\u00e9 magie a\u017e po nad\u011bji na posmrtn\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145122\">\u0158\u00edm, kultura<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145280\">Pluto, man\u017eel a kr\u00e1l podsv\u011bt\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145277\">Persefona, \u0159eck\u00e1 v\u00fdchoz\u00ed podoba<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Odborn\u00e1 literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Beard, Mary \/ North, John \/ Price, Simon: <em>Religions of Rome<\/em>. Cambridge University Press, 1998.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Foley, Helene P. (Hrsg.): <em>The Homeric Hymn to Demeter: Translation and Commentary<\/em>. Princeton University Press, 1994.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Caldwell, Richard S.: <em>The Psychology of Religion. A Jungian Perspective<\/em>. Routledge, 1991.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-proserpina e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-proserpina\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-proserpina-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-proserpina-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jako <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span><\/em> \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 tradice odpov\u00edd\u00e1 Proserpina \u0159eck\u00e9 Persefon\u011b a sd\u00edl\u00ed s n\u00ed rok rozd\u011blen\u00fd mezi svrchn\u00ed sv\u011bt a podsv\u011bt\u00ed; jej\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo svat\u00e9 postavy.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> se odr\u00e1\u017eel ve sv\u00e1tc\u00edch setby a v knih\u00e1ch <em>libri Sibyllini<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1738,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Proserpina","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Proserpina \u2013 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 bohyn\u011b podsv\u011bt\u00ed","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Proserpina, \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 bohyn\u011b podsv\u011bt\u00ed: \u00fanos Plutem, gran\u00e1tov\u00e9 jablko a m\u00fdtus o ro\u010dn\u00edch dob\u00e1ch, d\u011bjiny kultu od \u0158\u00edma a\u017e po proklet\u00ed (defixiones).","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"rom","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145284","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Proserpina \u2013 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 bohyn\u011b podsv\u011bt\u00ed<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Proserpina, \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 bohyn\u011b podsv\u011bt\u00ed: \u00fanos Plutem, gran\u00e1tov\u00e9 jablko a m\u00fdtus o ro\u010dn\u00edch dob\u00e1ch, d\u011bjiny kultu od \u0158\u00edma a\u017e po proklet\u00ed (defixiones).\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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