{"id":145282,"date":"2026-09-03T16:28:50","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:28:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145282"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:51:50","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:51:50","slug":"enki","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/enki\/","title":{"rendered":"Enki"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145282\" class=\"elementor elementor-145282 elementor-1968 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enki, b\u016fh mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>B\u016fh sladk\u00fdch vod, stvo\u0159itel mudrosti, p\u00e1n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, kter\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmi \u00fakony nebo formulemi zas\u00e1hnout do b\u011bhu v\u011bc\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span>.<\/strong> Enki (akkadsky Ea) je jedn\u00edm z nejmocn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch mezopot\u00e1msk\u00fdch boh\u016f, vl\u00e1dce o\u017eivuj\u00edc\u00edch vod a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nositel v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed a kosmick\u00fd \u0159emesln\u00edk.<\/p><p>V Eridu, nejstar\u0161\u00edm sumersk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b, byl uct\u00edv\u00e1n jako otec pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edho kr\u00e1le Marduka a jako p\u016fvodce v\u0161ech um\u011bn\u00ed, schopnost\u00ed a tajn\u00e9ho v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed. Jeho divokost a lstivost jej \u010din\u00ed nevyzpytateln\u00fdm, p\u0159esto v\u0161ak v\u017edy jedn\u00e1 ve prosp\u011bch lidstva.<\/p><p>Enki (akkadsky Ea) je hlavn\u00ed b\u016fh Eridu a jeden z \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edch boh\u016f sumersk\u00e9ho panteonu. Jeho oblast p\u016fsobnosti zahrnuje sladkovodn\u00ed Aps\u00fa, mudrost, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, kter\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmi \u00fakony nebo formulemi zas\u00e1hnout do b\u011bhu v\u011bc\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">magii<\/span> a um\u011bn\u00ed civilizace (p\u00edsmo, architekturu, \u010darod\u011bjnictv\u00ed).<\/p><p>V mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span> je Enki stvo\u0159itelem lid\u00ed a u\u010ditelem princip\u016f ME (bo\u017esk\u00fdch \u0159\u00e1dotvorn\u00fdch princip\u016f). Jeho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba, kter\u00e1 slou\u017e\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mov\u00e1<\/span> funkce v Eridu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed a\u017e do pozdn\u011b babylonsk\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed; v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span> o Atrahasisovi varuje lidi p\u0159ed potopou, kterou zp\u016fsobil Enlil.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh \/ bohyn\u011b: Zosobn\u011bn\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc v panteonu ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury s jasn\u011b vymezen\u00fdmi oblastmi p\u016fsobnosti, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edly, osud, v\u00e1lka, plodnost. Uct\u00edvan\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kult\u016f, ob\u011bt\u00ed a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch instituc\u00ed.\">B\u016fh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145109\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Kol\u00e9bka dolo\u017een\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, As\u00fdrie (p\u0159ibl. 3500 p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 330 p\u0159. n. l.).\">Mezopot\u00e1mie<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce 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8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_enki-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147493\" alt=\"Enki - bohov\u00e9 z mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 tradice, historicko-ilustrativn\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_enki-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_enki-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_enki-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_enki.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enki<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159ehled: Enki<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> Mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed bo\u017estvo, b\u016fh sladk\u00e9 vody, mudrosti a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, kter\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmi \u00fakony nebo formulemi zas\u00e1hnout do b\u011bhu v\u011bc\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span><br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteon<\/span>: Sumer (Enki), Akkad\/Babylon\/A\u0161\u0161ur (jako Ea)<br>Funkce: p\u00e1n Aps\u00fa (hlubiny sladk\u00e9 vody), stvo\u0159itel lid\u00ed, patron <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, kter\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmi \u00fakony nebo formulemi zas\u00e1hnout do b\u011bhu v\u011bc\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span> a l\u00e9\u010ditelstv\u00ed<br>Hlavn\u00ed atributy: proudy vody vyt\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed z ramen, rybo-koz\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost, kter\u00e1 v sob\u011b spojuje znaky r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u017eiv\u00fdch tvor\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e1 bytost<\/span>, vysok\u00e1 \u010delenka<br>Hlavn\u00ed kultovn\u00ed m\u00edsta: Eridu (sumersk\u00e9 pras\u00eddlo), Babylon, S\u00fasy<br>Akkadsk\u00fd prot\u011bj\u0161ek: Ea<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontext<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Enki je dosv\u011bd\u010den od ran\u011b sumersk\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed (3. tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l.), v Eridu, nejstar\u0161\u00edm dolo\u017een\u00e9m sumersk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b, byl hlavn\u00edm bo\u017estvem. V akkadsko-babylonsk\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonu<\/span> se objevuje jako <em>Ea<\/em>, s t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 toto\u017en\u00fdmi funkcemi.<\/p><p>Hlavn\u00ed obdob\u00ed rozkv\u011btu tradice Enki\/Ea: 3. a 2. tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. V 1. tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. byl st\u00e1le v\u00edce zasti\u0148ov\u00e1n Mardukem (Babylon) jako \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00fdm bohem; Ea v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u201eotcem Marduka\u201c a zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 si svou kl\u00ed\u010dovou kosmologickou roli.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hlavn\u00edm kultovn\u00edm m\u00edstem bylo <strong>Eridu<\/strong> (sumersky Eridug, dnes Tell Abu \u0160ahrajn v ji\u017en\u00edm Ir\u00e1ku), jeden z nejstar\u0161\u00edch <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba, kter\u00e1 slou\u017e\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch<\/span> komplex\u016f Mezopot\u00e1mie, os\u00eddlen\u00fd od p\u0159ibl. 5400 p\u0159. n. l. D\u00e1le Babylon (E\u016fv <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba, kter\u00e1 slou\u017e\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> v komplexu Esagila), Ur, S\u00fasy (elamsky). V elamsk\u00e9 tradici nese Enki\/Ea jm\u00e9no <em>In\u0161u\u0161inak<\/em>, s \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b se p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edmi funkcemi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 prameny: <em>Enuma Elish<\/em> (babylonsk\u00fd epos o stvo\u0159en\u00ed), sumersk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh <em>Inanna a Enki<\/em>, <em>Atrahasis<\/em>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> (potopa), <em>Enki a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta<\/em>, <em>Adapa<\/em>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span>. Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed literatura: Lambert\/Millard, <em>Atra-Hasis<\/em>; Black\/Cunningham, <em>Literature of Ancient Sumer<\/em>; Bott\u00e9ro, <em>La plus vieille religion. En M\u00e9sopotamie<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Enki b\u00fdv\u00e1 nej\u010dast\u011bji zobrazov\u00e1n jako mudrc s vousem, \u010dasto s korunou z roh\u016f nebo diad\u00e9mem. Jeho jm\u00e9no nese voda: doprov\u00e1zej\u00ed ho dva vodn\u00ed hadi nebo ryby, kte\u0159\u00ed vyv\u011braj\u00ed z jeho ramen (<em>Abzu<\/em>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>).<\/p><p>Na pe\u010det\u00edch sed\u00ed na tr\u016fnu nad prameny, \u0159ekami a mo\u0159sk\u00fdmi vlnami. Jeho embl\u00e9mem je kozoryb-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1n \u0161kodliv\u00fd nebo rozporn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mon<\/span> (<em>Kulull\u00fb<\/em>), hybridn\u00ed bytost spojuj\u00edc\u00ed horsk\u00e9 a vodn\u00ed s\u00edly. Jako kouzeln\u00edk nese insignie moudrosti: psac\u00ed r\u00e1kos, m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed ty\u010d, svitek v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charakteristiky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Enki (sumersky <em>en-ki<\/em>, \u201ep\u00e1n zem\u011b\u201c; akkadsky Ea) je sumersko-akkadsk\u00fd b\u016fh vody z Eridu, m\u011bsta, kter\u00e9 je v sumersk\u00e9m seznamu kr\u00e1l\u016f pova\u017eov\u00e1no za prvn\u00ed m\u011bsto stvo\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p><p>Je bohem sladkovodn\u00edch hlubin (<em>abzu<\/em>), moudrosti, \u0159emesln\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed a magick\u00fdch dovednost\u00ed. V mezopotamsk\u00e9 hierarchii boh\u016f zauj\u00edm\u00e1 t\u0159et\u00ed m\u00edsto po Anovi (nebe) a Enlilovi (v\u00edtr).<\/p><p>Jeho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba, kter\u00e1 slou\u017e\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> E-abzu v Eridu byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za nejstar\u0161\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 m\u00edsto zasv\u011bcen\u00e9 uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva.\" tabindex=\"0\">svatyni<\/span> Mezopot\u00e1mie. V m\u00fdtu o Atrachas\u00edsovi a v sumersk\u00e9m m\u00fdtu o potop\u011b <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span> Enki varuje lidsk\u00e9ho hrdinu p\u0159ed potopou, co\u017e je p\u0159edloha biblick\u00e9ho m\u00fdtu o Noemovi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span> (srov. Bott\u00e9ro, <em>Mesopotamia<\/em>; Black\/Green, <em>Gods, Demons and Symbols<\/em>; Jacobsen, <em>The Treasures of Darkness<\/em>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Enki<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekty Enkiho\/Ey na jeden pohled. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed pole shrnuj\u00ed p\u016fvod, funkci, vzhled, uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, symboly a paralely.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tradice<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Enki je synem prabohyn\u011b Nammu (v jedn\u00e9 tradici) nebo Ana (nebe) a Ki (zem\u011b). Bratr Enlila.<\/p><p>V sumersk\u00e9m m\u00fdtu o stvo\u0159en\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed z hl\u00edny Apsu lidi, aby boh\u016fm u\u0161et\u0159il pr\u00e1ci (kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 v <em>Atrahasisovi<\/em>). Otec Marduka (v babylonsk\u00e9 tradici). Man\u017eel <em>Damkiny<\/em> (Damgalnuny), v n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00fdtech spojov\u00e1n s Ninhursagou (Ninmah).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enkiho c\u00edlov\u00e1 skupina<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>P\u00e1n <em>Apsu<\/em>, kosmick\u00e9 sladkovodn\u00ed hlubiny, z n\u00ed\u017e pramen\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00fd plodn\u00fd \u017eivot. Patron moudrosti, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, kter\u00e9 se prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f nebo formul\u00ed sna\u017e\u00ed zas\u00e1hnout do b\u011bhu v\u011bc\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span> a zakl\u00edna\u010dsk\u00fdch kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed (<em>asipu<\/em>). Vyn\u00e1lezce l\u00e9\u010ditelsk\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed, kan\u00e1lov\u00e9ho zavla\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a civiliza\u010dn\u00edch dovednost\u00ed (v sumersk\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu <em>me<\/em>). V m\u00fdtu o potop\u011b <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span> je t\u00edm, kdo varuje Atrachas\u00edse; Enki je lidumiln\u00fdm bohem, kter\u00fd jedn\u00e1 proti Enlilovu rozhodnut\u00ed o zk\u00e1ze.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enkiho vzhled<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Antropomorfn\u00ed podoba vousat\u00e9ho mu\u017ee s vysokou \u010delenkou ve tvaru klobouku, v dlouh\u00e9m rouchu. Charakteristick\u00e9 jsou dva proudy vody (s drobn\u00fdmi rybami), kter\u00e9 mu vyt\u00e9kaj\u00ed z ramen, vody Tigridu a Eufratu. \u010casto doprov\u00e1zen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost, kter\u00e1 v sob\u011b spojuje znaky r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u017eiv\u00fdch tvor\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">sm\u00ed\u0161enou bytost\u00ed<\/span> <em>Suchurma\u0161u<\/em> (kozorybou, pozd\u011bji v zodiaku jako Kozoroh). V glyptice je \u010dasto zobrazov\u00e1n na v\u00e1le\u010dkov\u00fdch pe\u010det\u00edch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Funkce<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>P\u016fsobnost:<\/strong> Enki\/Ea byl bohem kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, kter\u00e9 se pomoc\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f nebo formul\u00ed sna\u017e\u00ed ovlivnit b\u011bh v\u011bc\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span> jako takov\u00e9, <em>asipu<\/em> (zakl\u00edna\u010d\u0161t\u00ed kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed) byli pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za jeho slu\u017eebn\u00edky. Byl vz\u00fdv\u00e1n p\u0159ed ka\u017ed\u00fdm l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdm nebo ochrann\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pravideln\u011b opakovan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lem<\/span>. V Eridu st\u00e1ly tis\u00edce votivn\u00edch obraz\u016f. Babylon\u0161t\u00ed kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 stav\u011bli sv\u00e9 pal\u00e1ce \u010dasto nad podzemn\u00edmi syst\u00e9my sladkovodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e9 symbolicky zobrazovaly Apsu. Mezi lidem byl tak\u00e9 patronem zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f (zavla\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed) a \u0159emesln\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e9 prost\u0159edky<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proudy vody vyt\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed z ramen (s drobn\u00fdmi rybami), vysok\u00e1 \u010delenka ve tvaru klobouku, dlouh\u00e9 roucho, kozoryba (Suchurma\u0161u), had (kosmick\u00e1 moudrost), tvar cihly (jako d\u00e1rce m\u00edry). Svat\u00e1 rostlina: tamary\u0161ek (kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd v zakl\u00ednac\u00edch ritu\u00e1lech). Svat\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo: 40.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 bytosti<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>In\u0161u\u0161inak<\/em> (Elam, p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e1 funkce), <em>Poseidon<\/em> (\u0158ecko, vl\u00e1da nad vodou, ale i slanou vodou), <em>Hermes<\/em> (patron <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, kter\u00e9 se pomoc\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f nebo formul\u00ed sna\u017e\u00ed ovlivnit b\u011bh v\u011bc\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span> a moudrosti), <em>Thovt<\/em> (Egypt, patron p\u00edsa\u0159\u016f a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, kter\u00e9 se pomoc\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f nebo formul\u00ed sna\u017e\u00ed ovlivnit b\u011bh v\u011bc\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span>), <em>Varuna<\/em> (hinduismus, kosmick\u00e9 vody), <em>M\u00edmir<\/em> (germ\u00e1nsk\u00e1 tradice, studna moudrosti), <em>J\u00fc<\/em> (\u010c\u00edna, p\u0159emo\u017eitel potopy, patron zavla\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e1 praxe<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ritu\u00e1ly uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Enki\/Ea byl uct\u00edv\u00e1n v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ein Bauwerk, das der Verehrung einer oder mehrerer Gottheiten dient.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mu<\/span> E-abzu v Eridu, jeho\u017e \u010dist\u00edc\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly m\u011bly z\u00e1sadn\u00ed modelovou funkci pro mezopot\u00e1mskou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Festgelegte religi\u00f6se Gottesdienst-Ordnung mit Texten, Ges\u00e4ngen und ritualen Vollz\u00fcgen.\">liturgii<\/span>. Denn\u00ed \u010dist\u00edc\u00ed ob\u011bti prob\u00edhaly s vodou ze Svat\u00e9 studny (<em>apsu<\/em>), chlebem a pivem.<\/p><p>P\u0159i novoro\u010dn\u00edm sv\u00e1tku <em>ak\u012btu<\/em> hr\u00e1l Enki kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli jako mudrc-r\u00e1dce kosmick\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed. Za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed Asaluhi (Asaluhi = syn Enkiho\/Marduka) v s\u00e9rii Maql\u00fb pracuj\u00ed s Enkiho moc\u00ed vodn\u00ed o\u010disty (srov. Foster, <em>Before the Muses<\/em>).<\/p><p><strong>Za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a hymny<\/strong><\/p><p>\u201eHymnus na Enkiho a jeho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ein Bauwerk, das der Verehrung einer oder mehrerer Gottheiten dient.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> E-abzu&#8220; (BWL 100-105, Lambert) a del\u0161\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed \u201eEnkiho cesta do Nippuru&#8220; jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 hymnick\u00e9 texty. V za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vac\u00edm reperto\u00e1ru je vz\u00fdv\u00e1n jako \u201eB\u0113l n\u0113meqi&#8220; (P\u00e1n moudrosti). Kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed <em>asipu<\/em> (l\u00e9\u010ditel\u00e9-za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1va\u010di) byli pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za pozemsk\u00e9 z\u00e1stupce Enkiho\/Marduka a jejich l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly se op\u00edraly o Enkiho tajn\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p><p><strong>Amulety a ochrann\u00e9 symboly<\/strong><\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ein Zeichen, das stellvertretend f\u00fcr eine Vorstellung oder Bedeutung steht.\" tabindex=\"0\">Symbolem<\/span> Enkiho je kozoryba (<em>suhurma\u0161u<\/em>) a svat\u00fd vodn\u00ed d\u017eb\u00e1n (v\u00e1za <em>apsu<\/em>), zobrazovan\u00e9 na mezn\u00edch kamenech (kudurru) a na pe\u010detn\u00edch v\u00e1le\u010dc\u00edch. Baz\u00e9ny apsu na n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00edch chr\u00e1m\u016f (Eridu, pozd\u011bji Babylon, Nippur) p\u0159edstavovaly pozemsk\u00fd projev jeho vodn\u00ed dom\u00e9ny. Apotropaick\u00e9 hlin\u011bn\u00e9 h\u0159eby s navinut\u00fdmi Enkiho za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edmi se zakop\u00e1valy pod prahy dom\u016f, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k odvr\u00e1cen\u00ed hore\u010dnat\u00fdch nemoc\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enki, paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Enki\/Ea p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 egyptsk\u00e9ho Ptaha, oba jsou stvo\u0159iteli slovem a \u0159emeslem. S Neptunem (\u0158\u00edm) a Poseidonem (\u0158ecko) sd\u00edl\u00ed vl\u00e1du nad vodami, li\u0161\u00ed se v\u0161ak d\u016frazem na moudrost.<\/p><p>V indick\u00fdch tradic\u00edch se podob\u00e1 Varunovi, str\u00e1\u017eci kosmick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du. Jeho role prost\u0159edn\u00edka a vl\u00eddn\u00e9ho pomocn\u00edka nach\u00e1z\u00ed paralely v r\u016fzn\u00fdch kulturn\u00edch okruz\u00edch, b\u016fh, kter\u00fd p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed lidem v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed, ale ne bez lstivosti.<\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5ec5c45 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp5ec5c45\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7d203f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp7d203f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enki a Ea: jm\u00e9no, podstata a p\u016fsobnost<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd905f27 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpd905f27\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp495a789 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp495a789\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Enki je sumersk\u00e9 jm\u00e9no jednoho z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch boh\u016f Mezopot\u00e1mie. V akkadsk\u00fdch, babylonsk\u00fdch a asyrsk\u00fdch pramenech se t\u00e1\u017e bohyn\u011b, respektive b\u016fh, jmenuje Ea. Sumersk\u00e9 jm\u00e9no b\u00fdv\u00e1 tradi\u010dn\u011b vykl\u00e1d\u00e1no jako P\u00e1n zem\u011b, tento p\u0159eklad v\u0161ak nen\u00ed nesporn\u00fd. Enkiho vlastn\u00ed oblast\u00ed nen\u00ed pevn\u00e1 zem\u011b, n\u00fdbr\u017e sladk\u00e1 voda, kter\u00e1 podle mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy le\u017e\u00ed pod zem\u00ed, Abzu neboli Apsu.<\/p><p>Z t\u00e9to oblasti p\u016fsobnosti vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed Enkiho pravomoci. Je bohem sladk\u00e9 vody, pramen\u016f a zavla\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, bez nich\u017e by v Mezopot\u00e1mii nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed.<\/p><p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je bohem moudrosti, chytrosti a lstivosti, bohem \u0159emesln\u00fdch a magick\u00fdch um\u011bn\u00ed a za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Jeho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ein der Verehrung einer Gottheit gewidmeter heiliger Ort.\" tabindex=\"0\">svatyn\u011b<\/span> <em>E-abzu<\/em> st\u00e1la ve starobyl\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b Eridu, kter\u00e9 v mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Die Weitergabe von Wissen und Erz\u00e4hlungen \u00fcber Generationen.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici<\/span> platilo za jedno z nejstar\u0161\u00edch m\u011bst v\u016fbec.<\/p><p>V hierarchii boh\u016f stoj\u00ed Enki v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b, spole\u010dn\u011b s bohem nebes Anem a bohem vzduchu Enlilem. Zat\u00edmco Enlil se \u010dasto jev\u00ed jako vzd\u00e1len\u00fd, n\u011bkdy stroh\u00fd vl\u00e1dce, Enki je vst\u0159\u00edcn\u00fd a vynal\u00e9zav\u00fd b\u016fh, kter\u00fd se stav\u00ed na stranu lid\u00ed a \u0159e\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my chytrost\u00ed.<\/p><p>Toto rozd\u011blen\u00ed rol\u00ed se prom\u00edt\u00e1 do mnoha m\u00fdt\u016f a \u010din\u00ed z Enkiho jednu z nejsympati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch postav mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9ho panteonu. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Die Wissenschaft, die Religionen vergleichend und ohne Glaubensbindung erforscht.\" tabindex=\"0\">Religionistika<\/span> v n\u011bm vid\u00ed typick\u00e9ho p\u0159edstavitele bo\u017esk\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho zakladatele, kter\u00fd disponuje v\u011bdomostmi, je\u017e civilizaci v\u016fbec umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp86b9d61 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp86b9d61\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp97d5bbd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp97d5bbd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enki jako stvo\u0159itel a p\u0159ina\u0161e\u010d kultury<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb83006c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb83006c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp42d5fb9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp42d5fb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V n\u011bkolika mezopot\u00e1msk\u00fdch m\u00fdtech se Enki pod\u00edl\u00ed na stvo\u0159en\u00ed a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Eine \u00fcberlieferte Erz\u00e4hlung \u00fcber G\u00f6tter, Urspr\u00fcnge und die Ordnung der Welt.\" tabindex=\"0\">M\u00fdtus<\/span> <em>Enki a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta<\/em> vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, jak Enki p\u0159id\u011bluje jednotliv\u00fdm zem\u00edm, \u0159ek\u00e1m, zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm a lidsk\u00fdm \u010dinnostem jejich ur\u010den\u00ed a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed na jednotliv\u00e9 bohy jejich pravomoci. Vystupuje zde jako zakladatel \u0159\u00e1du, kter\u00fd stvo\u0159en\u00e9mu kosmu d\u00e1v\u00e1 jeho funkce.<\/p><p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b \u00fazce je Enki spojen se stvo\u0159en\u00edm \u010dlov\u011bka. V <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Eine \u00fcberlieferte Erz\u00e4hlung \u00fcber G\u00f6tter, Urspr\u00fcnge und die Ordnung der Welt.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span> <em>Enki a Ninmach<\/em> bohov\u00e9 formuj\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka z hl\u00edny, aby jim uleh\u010dil pr\u00e1ci, a je to Enki, kdo d\u00e1v\u00e1 rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed radu.<\/p><p>V jin\u00fdch textech, nap\u0159\u00edklad v <em>Eposu o Atrahasisovi<\/em>, hraje Enki rovn\u011b\u017e z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli p\u0159i stvo\u0159en\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka. P\u0159edstava, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk byl stvo\u0159en, aby slou\u017eil boh\u016fm a zaji\u0161\u0165oval jim ob\u017eivu, pat\u0159\u00ed k j\u00e1dru mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Die wissenschaftliche Lehre von Gott und vom Glauben einer Religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span>, a Enki je bohem, kter\u00fd tento pl\u00e1n uskute\u010d\u0148uje.<\/p><p>S Enkim je spojen tak\u00e9 koncept <em>me<\/em>, souboru bo\u017esky ud\u011blen\u00fdch z\u00e1klad\u016f civilizace, kter\u00fd zahrnuje v\u0161e od kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 moci a kn\u011b\u017esk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f p\u0159es \u0159emesla a\u017e po formy chov\u00e1n\u00ed. V <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Eine \u00fcberlieferte Erz\u00e4hlung \u00fcber G\u00f6tter, Urspr\u00fcnge und die Ordnung der Welt.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span> <em>Inanna a Enki<\/em> vyl\u00e1k\u00e1 bohyn\u011b <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145326\">Inanna<\/a> na Enkim tyto <em>me<\/em> a p\u0159inese je do sv\u00e9ho m\u011bsta Uruk.<\/p><p>Enki tu vystupuje jako p\u016fvodn\u00ed str\u00e1\u017ece kulturn\u00edho v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed. Badatel\u00e9 ch\u00e1pou tyto m\u00fdty jako pokusy Mezopot\u00e1mc\u016f vysv\u011btlit a n\u00e1bo\u017eensky ukotvit p\u016fvod jejich vlastn\u00ed vysp\u011bl\u00e9 m\u011bstsk\u00e9 kultury.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp71f4b03 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp71f4b03\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cped5d749 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cped5d749\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enki a velk\u00e1 potopa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf6ec973 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpf6ec973\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcc8f11d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpcc8f11d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V mezopotamsk\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edch o potop\u011b hraje Enki roli zachr\u00e1nce. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed struktura je zachov\u00e1na v n\u011bkolika textech, nejpodrobn\u011bji v <em>Eposu o Atrachasisovi<\/em> a ve vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o potop\u011b v jeden\u00e1ct\u00e9 tabulce <em>Eposu o Gilgame\u0161ovi<\/em>; zn\u00e1ma je tak\u00e9 fragment\u00e1rn\u00ed sumersk\u00e1 verze.<\/p><p>Ve v\u0161ech verz\u00edch se bohov\u00e9 rozhodnou zni\u010dit lidstvo, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch pojet\u00edch proto, \u017ee se lid\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rozmno\u017eili a jejich hluk ru\u0161il bohy ve sp\u00e1nku.<\/p><p>Enki se rozhodnut\u00edm shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed boh\u016f ne\u0159\u00edd\u00ed. Varuje jednoho jedin\u00e9ho zbo\u017en\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd se podle textu jmenuje Atrachasis, Ziusudra nebo Utnapi\u0161tim, a na\u0159\u00edd\u00ed mu postavit velkou lo\u010f, aby zachr\u00e1nil sebe, sv\u00e9 bl\u00edzk\u00e9 a zv\u00ed\u0159ata.<\/p><p>V jedn\u00e9 d\u016fmysln\u00e9 epizod\u011b Enki obejde p\u0159\u00edsahu t\u00edm, \u017ee varov\u00e1n\u00ed nesm\u011bruje p\u0159\u00edmo k \u010dlov\u011bku, ale zd\u00e1nliv\u011b je pron\u00e1\u0161\u00ed k r\u00e1kosov\u00e9 st\u011bn\u011b domu, za kterou \u010dlov\u011bk poslouch\u00e1. I po potop\u011b je to Enki, kdo p\u0159ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm boh\u016f obhajuje p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed lidstva a navrhuje m\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prost\u0159edky regulace populace.<\/p><p>Tato vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed maj\u00ed v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam, proto\u017ee pat\u0159\u00ed k nejstar\u0161\u00edm zn\u00e1m\u00fdm vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edm o potop\u011b ve sv\u011btov\u00e9 literatu\u0159e a proto\u017ee zjevn\u011b souvisej\u00ed s biblick\u00fdm vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edm o potop\u011b v r\u00e1mci spole\u010dn\u00e9 tradice.<\/p><p>Badatel\u00e9 tento vztah diskutuj\u00ed od de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed Eposu o Gilgame\u0161ovi v 19. stolet\u00ed. Je t\u0159eba konstatovat, \u017ee Enki hraje v mezopotamsk\u00e9 verzi roli chytr\u00e9ho boha, kter\u00fd je lidstvu p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b naklon\u011bl\u00fd a odvrac\u00ed jeho zni\u010den\u00ed skrze \u010din lsti a p\u0159\u00edmluvy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp06603d2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp06603d2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf755097 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf755097\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ikonografie a dal\u0161\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8685b07 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp8685b07\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26e0ff2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp26e0ff2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V mezopotamsk\u00e9m v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9m um\u011bn\u00ed je Enki poznateln\u00fd podle charakteristick\u00e9ho znaku: z jeho ramen nebo z n\u00e1doby, kterou dr\u017e\u00ed v ruce, vyt\u00e9kaj\u00ed dva proudy vody, ve kter\u00fdch jsou \u010dasto zobrazeny ryby.<\/p><p>Tyto proudy symbolizuj\u00ed Tigris a Eufrat nebo obecn\u011b \u017eivotod\u00e1rnou sladkou vodu, nad kterou vl\u00e1dne. \u010casto se objevuje na v\u00e1le\u010dkov\u00fdch pe\u010detidlech, mal\u00fdch ryt\u00fdch kamenn\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dc\u00edch, kter\u00e9 slou\u017eily k pe\u010det\u011bn\u00ed dokument\u016f a n\u00e1dob a jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm obrazov\u00fdm pramenem pro mezopotamsk\u00fd sv\u011bt boh\u016f.<\/p><p>S Enkim je spojena tak\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed postava, <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mudrck\u00e9 sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9 bytosti mezopotamsk\u00e9 tradice, um\u00eds\u0165ovan\u00e9 jako ochrann\u00e9 postavy na budov\u00e1ch.\" tabindex=\"0\">apkallu<\/span><\/em>, mudrck\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost, kter\u00e1 v sob\u011b spojuje znaky r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fd tvor<\/span>-pomocn\u00edk, n\u011bkdy zobrazovan\u00fd v ryb\u00edm rouchu, kter\u00fd zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1v\u00e1 lidem v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed od Enkiho.<\/p><p>Pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span> zn\u00e1 postavu jm\u00e9nem Oannes, ryb\u00ed bytost, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla lidem p\u0159in\u00e9st um\u011bn\u00ed civilizace; tato postava, kterou babylonsk\u00fd kn\u011bz Berossos popsal v \u0159eck\u00e9m jazyce, stoj\u00ed v tradici tohoto okruhu p\u0159edstav o Enkim a <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mudrck\u00e9 sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9 bytosti mezopotamsk\u00e9 tradice, um\u00eds\u0165ovan\u00e9 jako ochrann\u00e9 postavy na budov\u00e1ch.\" tabindex=\"0\">apkallu<\/span><\/em>.<\/p><p>Po z\u00e1niku mezopotamsk\u00e9 kultury upadl Enki, na rozd\u00edl nap\u0159\u00edklad od I\u0161tar, z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti v zapomn\u011bn\u00ed; chyb\u00ed souvisl\u00e1 linie recepce jako u \u0159eck\u00fdch boh\u016f. Za sv\u00e9 znovuobjeven\u00ed vd\u011b\u010d\u00ed asyriologii, kter\u00e1 od 19. stolet\u00ed zp\u0159\u00edstup\u0148uje kl\u00ednopisn\u00e9 texty.<\/p><p>Pro sou\u010dasnou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdn\u00ed obor, kter\u00fd zkoum\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm zp\u016fsobem a bez vyznava\u010dsk\u00e9 v\u00e1zanosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistiku<\/span> je Enki zaj\u00edmav\u00fd p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jako typ: jako p\u0159\u00edklad boha moudrosti a kultury, kter\u00fd zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1v\u00e1 mezi lidmi a vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm sv\u011btem boh\u016f, a jako centr\u00e1ln\u00ed postava nejstar\u0161\u00edch p\u00edsemn\u011b zaznamenan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o stvo\u0159en\u00ed a potop\u011b v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch lidstva.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145242\">Marduk, syn (babylonsk\u00e1 tradice)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145238\">An\/Anu, otec (nebe)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145109\">Mezopot\u00e1mie, p\u0159ehled panteonu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145234\">Vrchn\u00ed bo\u017estva, podkategorie<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145205\">Bohov\u00e9, p\u0159ehled t\u0159\u00edd<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (v\u00fdb\u011br)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Lambert, Wilfred G. \/ Millard, Alan R.: <em>Atra-Hasis. The Babylonian Story of the Flood<\/em>. Oxford 1969.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Black, Jeremy \/ Cunningham, Graham et al.: <em>The Literature of Ancient Sumer<\/em>. Oxford 2004.<\/span><\/li><li>Walde, Christine (Hg.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (heslo &bdquo;Enki&ldquo; &bdquo;Ea&ldquo;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dal\u0161\u00ed standardn\u00ed d\u00edla v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145257\">seznamu literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-614e5fa e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"614e5fa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6096080 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6096080\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o Enkiovi<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Kdo byl Enki v sumersk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v dan\u00e9 kultu\u0159e.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span>?<\/h3><p>Enki (akkadsky Ea) byl sumersk\u00fd b\u016fh moudrosti, sladk\u00e9 vody, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, kter\u00e9 se pomoc\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f nebo formul\u00ed sna\u017e\u00ed zas\u00e1hnout do b\u011bhu v\u011bc\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span> a \u0159emesln\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed. Je jedn\u00edm z nejstar\u0161\u00edch a nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch bo\u017estev Mezopot\u00e1mie, jeho hlavn\u00edm kultovn\u00edm st\u0159ediskem byl Eridu (jedno z prvn\u00edch m\u011bst v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch lidstva).<\/p><p>Na rozd\u00edl od \u010dasto p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9ho Enlila je Enki lstiv\u00fd a lidem p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd b\u016fh. Byl to on, kdo vytvo\u0159il lidi z hl\u00edny, kdo dal Inann\u011b bo\u017esk\u00e9 s\u00edly (Me) a kdo varoval p\u0159ed potopou, kdy\u017e tajn\u011b na\u0159\u00eddil Utnapi\u0161timovi postavit archu.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Jakou roli hraje Enki v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span> o potop\u011b?<\/h3><p>V eposu Atrahasis (asi 18. stol. p\u0159. n. l.) a v Eposu o Gilgame\u0161ovi (tabulka 11) je Enki bohem, kter\u00fd zabra\u0148uje zk\u00e1ze lidstva p\u0159i potop\u011b. Enlil odsoudil lidi k z\u00e1niku pro jejich hlu\u010dnost.<\/p><p>Enki nesm\u00ed varovat p\u0159\u00edmo, ale promlouv\u00e1 skrze r\u00e1kosovou st\u011bnu, za kterou n\u00e1hodou stoj\u00ed Utnapi\u0161tim (Atrahasis ve star\u0161\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span>). Hrdina tak postav\u00ed archu a zachr\u00e1n\u00ed sebe, svou rodinu a n\u011bkter\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Tento mezopotamsk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> o potop\u011b je liter\u00e1rn\u00edm p\u0159edobrazem biblick\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu o Noem (Genesis 6-9).<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Kdo byl Enki v sumersk\u00e9 mytologii?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Enki (akkadsky Ea) byl sumersk\u00fd b\u016fh moudrosti, sladk\u00e9 vody, magie a \u0159emesln\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed. Je jedn\u00edm z nejstar\u0161\u00edch a nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch bo\u017estev Mezopot\u00e1mie, jeho hlavn\u00edm kultovn\u00edm st\u0159ediskem byl Eridu (jedno z prvn\u00edch m\u011bst v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch lidstva).Na rozd\u00edl od \u010dasto p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9ho Enlila je Enki lstiv\u00fd a lidem p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd b\u016fh. Byl to on, kdo vytvo\u0159il lidi z hl\u00edny, kdo dal Inann\u011b bo\u017esk\u00e9 s\u00edly (Me) a kdo varoval p\u0159ed potopou, kdy\u017e tajn\u011b na\u0159\u00eddil Utnapi\u0161timovi postavit archu.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Jakou roli hraje Enki v m\u00fdtu o potop\u011b?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"V eposu Atrahasis (asi 18. stol. p\u0159. n. l.) a v Eposu o Gilgame\u0161ovi (tabulka 11) je Enki bohem, kter\u00fd zabra\u0148uje zk\u00e1ze lidstva p\u0159i potop\u011b. Enlil odsoudil lidi k z\u00e1niku pro jejich hlu\u010dnost.Enki nesm\u00ed varovat p\u0159\u00edmo, ale promlouv\u00e1 skrze r\u00e1kosovou st\u011bnu, za kterou n\u00e1hodou stoj\u00ed Utnapi\u0161tim (Atrahasis ve star\u0161\u00edm m\u00fdtu). Hrdina tak postav\u00ed archu a zachr\u00e1n\u00ed sebe, svou rodinu a n\u011bkter\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Tento mezopotamsk\u00fd m\u00fdtus o potop\u011b je liter\u00e1rn\u00edm p\u0159edobrazem biblick\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu o Noem (Genesis 6-9).\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1734,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Enki","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Enki \u2013 b\u016fh sladk\u00fdch vod a mudrosti v Mezopot\u00e1mii","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Jeho chr\u00e1m v Eridu, z\u00e1kony Me, jeho role otce Marduka a stvo\u0159itele lidstva.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"mesopotamien","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145282","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Enki \u2013 b\u016fh sladk\u00fdch vod a mudrosti v Mezopot\u00e1mii<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Jeho chr\u00e1m v Eridu, z\u00e1kony Me, jeho role otce Marduka a stvo\u0159itele lidstva.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/enki\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta 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