{"id":145280,"date":"2026-09-03T16:28:49","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:28:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145280"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:51:46","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:51:46","slug":"pluto","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/pluto\/","title":{"rendered":"Pluto"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145280\" class=\"elementor elementor-145280 elementor-1966 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pluto, b\u016fh \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pluto je bohem podsv\u011bt\u00ed a bohatstv\u00ed v \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 tradici. Samotn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no znamen\u00e1 \u201ebohat\u00fd\u201c a odkazuje na nerostn\u00e9 bohatstv\u00ed zem\u011b. Z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska je Pluto p\u0159\u00edkladem ambivalence chtonick\u00fdch bo\u017estev, z\u00e1rove\u0148 d\u011bsiv\u00fdch i \u017eivotod\u00e1rn\u00fdch, jako soudce mrtv\u00fdch a str\u00e1\u017ece zem\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh \/ bohyn\u011b: Zosobn\u011bn\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc v panteonu dan\u00e9 kultury, s jasn\u00fdmi oblastmi p\u016fsobnosti, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edly, osud, v\u00e1lka, plodnost. Uct\u00edvan\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kult\u016f, ob\u011bt\u00ed a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch instituc\u00ed.\">B\u016fh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145122\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed od doby kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 a\u017e po pozdn\u00ed antiku, synkretick\u00e9 s \u0159eck\u00fdmi a etrusk\u00fdmi vrstvami.\">\u0158\u00edm<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145235\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bohov\u00e9 podsv\u011bt\u00ed a smrti, vl\u00e1dci onoho sv\u011bta, soudci mrtv\u00fdch, pr\u016fvodci du\u0161\u00ed.\">Bo\u017estvo smrti<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 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8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_pluto-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1737\" alt=\"Pluto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_pluto-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_pluto-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_pluto-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_pluto.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pluto<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pluto vl\u00e1dne \u0159\u00ed\u0161i mrtv\u00fdch spole\u010dn\u011b se svou man\u017eelkou Proserpinou. Nen\u00ed v\u0161ak zl\u00fd, n\u00fdbr\u017e v\u011brn\u00fd povinnosti a po\u0159\u00e1dku, je stroh\u00fdm vl\u00e1dcem podsv\u011bt\u00ed. Jeho hlavn\u00edmi aspekty jsou vl\u00e1da nad smrt\u00ed, o\u010dista skrze smrt, skryt\u00e9 zdroje a podzemn\u00ed plodnost. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">Chr\u00e1m<\/span> v Tarracin\u011b (Volter\u0159e) a kulty Chthonii (podzemn\u00edch boh\u016f) dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed jeho \u0161iroce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159ehled: Pluto<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prameny jsou \u010detn\u00e9: Vergiliova Aeneis (kniha 6, cesta do podsv\u011bt\u00ed), Ovidiovy Metamorf\u00f3zy, Ciceronovo De Natura Deorum, Seneca, latinsk\u00e9 hrobn\u00ed n\u00e1pisy a defixiony (kletebn\u00ed tabulky). Sekund\u00e1rn\u011b analyzovali souvislosti mezi Plutem, H\u00e1dem a podzemn\u00edmi bo\u017estvy Karl Latte, Georg Wissowa a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"N\u011bmeck\u00fd religionista (1931\u20132015); hlavn\u00ed d\u00edlo Griechische Religion (1977).\">Walter Burkert<\/span>. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed sahalo do It\u00e1lie, Galie a Afriky.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Postava Pluta p\u0159e\u017eila konec antick\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Vergilius a Ovidius zakotvili \u00fanos Proserpiny v latinsk\u00e9 literatu\u0159e, jej\u00edm\u017e prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm se d\u00e1le \u0161\u00ed\u0159il ve st\u0159edov\u011bku a renesanci.<\/p><p>Dante u\u010dinil z Pluta postavu sv\u00e9ho pekla, Bernini vytvo\u0159il d\u00edlem \u00danos Proserpiny jednu z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch socha\u0159sk\u00fdch prac\u00ed baroka. V roce 1930 pak dostalo jm\u00e9no tohoto boha nov\u011b objeven\u00e9 t\u011bleso na okraji slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy.<\/p><h3>Mytologick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/h3><p>Pluto je \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd b\u016fh podsv\u011bt\u00ed, smrti a bohatstv\u00ed. Na rozd\u00edl od \u0159eck\u00e9ho H\u00e1da je siln\u011bji spojen s Latiem. Je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za nezbytn\u00e9ho a je respektov\u00e1n, o zlovolnosti nen\u00ed \u0159e\u010d. Jeho vl\u00e1da nad podzemn\u00edm bohatstv\u00edm jej spojuje s blahobytem. Vl\u00e1dne hranic\u00edm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pluto byl zn\u00e1m a uct\u00edv\u00e1n nebo s respektem ob\u00e1v\u00e1n v cel\u00e9m \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, ani\u017e by byl omezen na ur\u010dit\u00e9 regiony \u010di m\u00edsta. A\u0165 ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch centrech nebo na venkovsk\u00e9 periferii, a\u0165 mezi spole\u010denskou elitou nebo prost\u00fdm lidem, duchovn\u00ed i kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdznam t\u00e9to bytosti byl uzn\u00e1v\u00e1n v\u0161ude stejn\u011b.<\/p><p>Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1dce podsv\u011bt\u00ed bylo v \u0158\u00edm\u011b st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, nikoli soukromou v\u011bc\u00ed: Sekul\u00e1rn\u00ed hry ke cti Dis Patera a Proserpiny se konaly z pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed sen\u00e1tu a t\u00fdkaly se cel\u00e9ho spole\u010denstv\u00ed.<\/p><p>\u0158eck\u00fd Plut\u00f3n se p\u0159es jihoitalsk\u00e9 \u0159eck\u00e9 kolonie dostal do \u0158\u00edma, kde se ztoto\u017enil s dom\u00e1c\u00edm Dis Paterem; tak se v cel\u00e9m \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9m panstv\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry jednotn\u00e1 podoba tohoto boha.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed prameny: Vergiliova Aeneis 6, Ovidiovy Metamorf\u00f3zy 5 (\u00danos Proserpiny), Horatiovy \u00d3dy, Martialovy Epigramy, Senecovy trag\u00e9die (Hercules Furens, Octavia), Cicero, Apuleiovy Metamorf\u00f3zy. Obdob\u00ed: 4. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 6. stolet\u00ed n. l. Badatel\u00e9: Georg Wissowa, Karl Latte (R\u00f6mische Religionsgeschichte), Walter Burkert, Hendrik Versnel, Filippo Coarelli (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 minul\u00e9 kultury na z\u00e1klad\u011b hmotn\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">archeologie<\/span>). Doklady: Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae, pam\u00e1tky z Volsini\u00ed, Tarraciny.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a varianty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pluto je v r\u016fzn\u00fdch pramenech a um\u011bleck\u00fdch tradic\u00edch zobrazov\u00e1n s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi opakuj\u00edc\u00edmi se ikonografick\u00fdmi prvky, kter\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed relativn\u011b konstantn\u00ed po desetilet\u00ed a nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d r\u016fzn\u00fdmi geografick\u00fdmi oblastmi. Tyto prvky jsou hluboce symbolicky k\u00f3dovan\u00e9 a nesou velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam; v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nejsou zvoleny \u010dist\u011b dekorativn\u011b nebo n\u00e1hodn\u011b.<\/p><p>Zobrazen\u00ed Pluta umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed rozpoznat jeho oblast p\u016fsobnosti. \u017dezlo jej ozna\u010duje jako vl\u00e1dce podsv\u011bt\u00ed, tr\u016fn vedle Proserpiny jako kr\u00e1le \u0159\u00ed\u0161e mrtv\u00fdch. Roh hojnosti odkazuje na druhou vrstvu v\u00fdznamu jeho jm\u00e9na: \u0159eck\u00e9 Plut\u00f3n se odvozuje od slova plutos, bohatstv\u00ed, a m\u00edn\u00ed t\u00edm poklady a plodiny z hlubin zem\u011b.<\/p><p>Ke st\u00e1l\u00e9mu obrazov\u00e9mu reperto\u00e1ru pat\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edhlav\u00fd pes Kerberos po jeho boku a v\u016fz, na kter\u00e9m un\u00e1\u0161\u00ed Proserpinu. Kdo znal antickou obrazovou \u0159e\u010d, vy\u010detl z toho oblast p\u016fsobnosti a postaven\u00ed boha.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charakteristiky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pluto zauj\u00edmal \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed m\u00edsto v n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 praxi, ka\u017edodenn\u00edch ritu\u00e1lech a v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed \u0158\u00edman\u016f. Lid\u00e9 se k t\u00e9to entit\u011b obraceli v kritick\u00fdch nebo ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00edch situac\u00edch \u010di v ur\u010dit\u00fdch ritu\u00e1ln\u00edch obdob\u00edch roku, prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm strukturovan\u00fdch, \u010dasto n\u00e1kladn\u00fdch ritu\u00e1l\u016f, modliteb nebo ob\u011btn\u00edch dar\u016f.<\/p><p>V \u0158\u00edm\u011b nem\u011bl Pluto vlastn\u00ed samostatn\u00fd kult s pevn\u00fdm chr\u00e1mem a kn\u011b\u017estvem. Ob\u0159ady zasv\u011bcen\u00e9 podsv\u011btn\u00edm bo\u017estv\u016fm se p\u0159esto \u0159\u00eddily p\u0159esn\u00fdmi p\u0159edpisy \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho sakr\u00e1ln\u00edho pr\u00e1va: ob\u011bti chtonick\u00fdm bo\u017estv\u016fm se p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ely do jam, \u010dasto v noci, a v\u011bt\u0161inou pod jm\u00e9nem Dis Pater, se kter\u00fdm se Pluto z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti slil.<\/p><p>To, \u017ee \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 uct\u00edvali boha podsv\u011bt\u00ed po stalet\u00ed, m\u011blo praktick\u00e9 d\u016fvody.<\/p><p>Ob\u0159ady slou\u017eily r\u016fzn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm: m\u011bly usm\u00ed\u0159it mrtv\u00e9 a zabr\u00e1nit jejich pronik\u00e1n\u00ed do sv\u011bta \u017eiv\u00fdch, doprov\u00e1zely poh\u0159by a vzpom\u00ednku na zesnul\u00e9, a v Ludi Tarentini, pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch Sekul\u00e1rn\u00edch hr\u00e1ch, byli vz\u00fdv\u00e1ni Dis Pater a Proserpina, aby odvr\u00e1tili od m\u011bsta ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a zah\u00e1jili nov\u00e9 obdob\u00ed.<\/p><h3>Vzhled a symbolika<\/h3><p>Pluto je zobrazov\u00e1n jako v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd, majest\u00e1tn\u00ed, \u010dasto v temn\u00e9m rouchu. \u017dezlo symbolizuje jeho vl\u00e1du. \u010cern\u00e1 a temn\u011b \u0161ed\u00e1 jsou jeho barvy. M\u00e1k a cyp\u0159i\u0161 jsou mu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1le\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed bo\u017esk\u00e9mu, a t\u00edm vy\u0148at\u00e9 z b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">svat\u00e9<\/span>. N\u011bkdy nos\u00ed korunu. Zem\u011b se pod jeho nohama otev\u00edr\u00e1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Pluto<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Profil shrnuje Plutovu vl\u00e1du nad \u0161esti oblastmi: jeho mytologicko-historick\u00fd p\u016fvod, kn\u011b\u017esk\u00e9 a magick\u00e9 praktiky jeho uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, jeho charakteristick\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed v um\u011bn\u00ed a symbolice, v\u00fdznam <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo zakl\u00ednac\u00ed osloven\u00ed bo\u017estva \u010di moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> a respekt v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu smrti, srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi postavami jin\u00fdch kultur a kone\u010dn\u011b celkov\u00fd pohled na jeho kosmickou roli.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kulturn\u00ed kontext<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pluto je \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 forma \u0159eck\u00e9ho Hada a odvozuje se od indoevropsk\u00fdch podsv\u011btn\u00edch bo\u017estev. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factyhodn\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu \u010di svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kult<\/span> byl zakotven v Etrurii a \u0158\u00edm jej p\u0159evzal. V italsk\u00fdch kultovn\u00edch m\u00edstech (zejm\u00e9na<\/p><p>Tarracina a Volsinii) byly Plutovy svatyn\u011b etablov\u00e1ny ji\u017e v 5. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00fd Plutus (b\u016fh bohatstv\u00ed) byl jinou entitou, ale \u010dasto se s Plutem sm\u011b\u0161oval. Jeho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factyhodn\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu \u010di svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> byl m\u00e9n\u011b ve\u0159ejn\u00fd a sp\u00ed\u0161e z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed soukrom\u00e9 oddanosti a magick\u00e9 praxe.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Adres\u00e1ti<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pluta vz\u00fdvali v\u0161ichni smrteln\u00edci, a to p\u0159i \u00famrt\u00edch, p\u0159i soudn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsaze (kdy m\u011bla podpo\u0159it s\u00edlu podsv\u011bt\u00ed), zem\u011bd\u011blci p\u0159i prokl\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed pol\u00ed (defixio) a kouzeln\u00edci p\u0159i nekromancii.<\/p><p>Zejm\u00e9na etru\u0161t\u00ed haruspicov\u00e9 (v\u011b\u0161tci z vnit\u0159nost\u00ed) a \u0159\u00edm\u0161t\u00ed kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed Chthonii (podzemn\u00ed kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed) udr\u017eovali jeho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span>. V soukrom\u00fdch domech se stav\u011bly Plutovy so\u0161ky, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly st\u0159e\u017eit hroby. Slavnost Lemuria (9., 11. a 13. kv\u011btna) byla dom\u00e1c\u00edm ob\u0159adem k usm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed podzemn\u00edch duch\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zobrazen\u00ed<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pluto byl zobrazov\u00e1n jako vousat\u00fd, v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd mu\u017e, \u010dasto tr\u016fn\u00edc\u00ed na skal\u00e1ch nebo v jeskyn\u00edch, n\u011bkdy se \u017eezlem nebo hadem.<\/p><p>Jeho atributy jsou rohem hojnosti (cornucopia, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> podzemn\u00edho bohatstv\u00ed), makovic\u00ed (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> sp\u00e1nku a smrti), hadem, mincemi nebo pokladem. Na minc\u00edch sed\u00ed na tr\u016fnu vedle Proserpiny. N\u00e1hrobky ho zobrazuj\u00ed jako soudce zesnul\u00fdch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fsobnost<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Oblast p\u016fsoben\u00ed:<\/strong> Pluto (nebo Dis Pater) je vl\u00e1dcem \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho podsv\u011bt\u00ed, bratrem Jupitera a Neptuna. Je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za spravedliv\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vce onoho sv\u011bta, tradice mu nep\u0159ipisuje zl\u00e9 rysy. V \u0158\u00edm\u011b je vz\u00fdv\u00e1n bez o\u010dn\u00edho kontaktu, \u010dlov\u011bk se od n\u011bj odvrac\u00ed a hovo\u0159\u00ed k n\u011bmu tak.<\/p><p>Bohatstv\u00ed (*ploutus*, hojnost) je s n\u00edm spojov\u00e1no, proto\u017ee v\u0161echny nerosty a plody zem\u011b poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z jeho \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Je tich\u00fdm bohem, kter\u00fd v\u0161e obsahuje v sob\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Formy ochrany<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pluto byl uct\u00edv\u00e1n s uctivou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo zakl\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed osloven\u00ed bo\u017estva \u010di moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">invokac\u00ed<\/span>, je\u017e vych\u00e1zela sp\u00ed\u0161e z \u00facty k s\u00edle p\u0159\u00edrody ne\u017e ze strachu z trestu. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu na vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed d\u00edk\u016f, prosby nebo \u00facty.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ob\u011b\u0165mi<\/span> mu byla \u010dern\u011b zbarven\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata (berani, b\u00fdci), med a krvav\u00e9 ob\u011bti.<\/p><p>Defixe (kletebn\u00ed desti\u010dky s vyryt\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny) se ukl\u00e1daly do hrob\u016f a chr\u00e1m\u016f, aby Pluto zjednal spravedlnost nebo pomstu. Sliby dan\u00e9 Plutovi platily za z\u00e1vazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pozemsk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edsaha, co\u017e byla v \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 praxi v\u00fdjimka.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Plutovy paralely<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>H\u00e1des (\u0159eck\u00fd) je nejp\u0159\u00edm\u011bj\u0161\u00ed paralelou, se podobn\u00fdmi rolemi a atributy. Etrusk\u00fd Aitn\/Aita je proto-Pluto. V mezopotamsk\u00e9 oblasti odpov\u00edd\u00e1 Nergal bohu podsv\u011bt\u00ed s podobn\u00fdmi funkcemi. V egyptsk\u00e9 oblasti zt\u011bles\u0148uje Osiris vl\u00e1du podsv\u011bt\u00ed a znovuzrozen\u00ed. Tato bo\u017estva sd\u00edlej\u00ed ambivalenci mezi hr\u016fzou a nezbytn\u00fdm kosmick\u00fdm \u0159\u00e1dem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pluto, paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0158\u00edmsk\u00fd Pluto funk\u010dn\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1 \u0159eck\u00e9mu H\u00e1dovi, v \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 praxi v\u0161ak zahrnuje i dal\u0161\u00ed chtonick\u00e9 a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 v\u00fdznamy. Jeho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo svat\u00e9 postavy.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> se p\u0159ekr\u00fdv\u00e1 s kultem Dis Patera a Orka, v Imp\u00e9riu je v\u0161ak v\u00edce zam\u011b\u0159en na bohatstv\u00ed a plodnost p\u016fdy ne\u017e \u0159eck\u00fd vzor.<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u017didovsk\u00e1 tradice:<\/strong> \u017didovsk\u00fd \u0161eol nen\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed s personifikovan\u00fdm bohem, n\u00fdbr\u017e prost\u011b \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed mrtv\u00fdch. Pozd\u011bji (v apokalyptice) jsou jako soudci zmi\u0148ov\u00e1ni <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1msk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nebesk\u00fd Bo\u017e\u00ed posel.\" tabindex=\"0\">and\u011bl\u00e9<\/span>, ale \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd prot\u011bj\u0161ek Pluta. H\u00e1do-plut\u00f3nsk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Splynut\u00ed p\u0159edstav nebo bo\u017estev z r\u016fzn\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch tradic.\" tabindex=\"0\">synkretismus<\/span> je dolo\u017een v hel\u00e9nistick\u00e9m judaismu, ale nen\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1le\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed k ust\u00e1len\u00e9mu souboru svat\u00fdch text\u016f n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed; nekanonick\u00e9 texty jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za apokryfn\u00ed.\">kanonick\u00fd<\/span>.<\/p><p><strong>\u0158ecko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd sv\u011bt:<\/strong> H\u00e1d\u00e9s je p\u0159edch\u016fdcem a paralelou Pluta. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 nav\u00e1zali na \u0159eck\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy, ale v\u00edce zd\u016fraz\u0148ovali soudnictv\u00ed a \u0159\u00e1d. Herm\u00e9s Psychopompos (pr\u016fvodce mrtv\u00fdch) je dopln\u011bn\u00edm, nikoli rivalem.<\/p><p><strong>Mezopot\u00e1mie:<\/strong> Nergal a Ere\u0161kigal (bohyn\u011b podsv\u011bt\u00ed) spole\u010dn\u011b vl\u00e1dnou \u0159\u00ed\u0161i mrtv\u00fdch. Nergal m\u00e1 s Plutem spole\u010dnou v\u00e1le\u010dnou s\u00edlu a chtonickou moc. Ere\u0161kigal je p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed soudkyn\u00ed ne\u017e Proserpina.<\/p><p><strong>Indie\/Asie:<\/strong> Jama je v\u00e9dsk\u00fd b\u016fh smrti, zaji\u0161\u0165uje \u0159\u00e1d mezi mrtv\u00fdmi. Nejedn\u00e1 se o p\u0159\u00edmou paralelu, ale strukturn\u011b je podobn\u00fd: str\u00e1\u017ece \u0159\u00e1du podsv\u011bt\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b spravedliv\u00fd. V buddhismu je podsv\u011bt\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b personifikovan\u00e9 a chyb\u00ed zde ekvivalent Pluta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp63e7126 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp63e7126\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9bbe5a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9bbe5a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dis Pater, Orcus a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 jm\u00e9na boha mrtv\u00fdch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcb0d808 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpcb0d808\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp75de8e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp75de8e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0158\u00edmsk\u00fd b\u016fh podsv\u011bt\u00ed vystupoval pod n\u011bkolika jm\u00e9ny a jejich vz\u00e1jemn\u00fd vztah je pro d\u011bjiny n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00fd. <em>Pluto<\/em> samotn\u00fd je latinizovanou podobou \u0159eck\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edzviska <em>Plouton<\/em>, Bohat\u00fd, a do \u0158\u00edma p\u0159i\u0161el s p\u0159ejet\u00edm \u0159eck\u00fdch p\u0159edstav. Krom\u011b n\u011bj existovala star\u0161\u00ed, dom\u00e1c\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed.<\/p><p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je <em>Dis Pater<\/em>, Bohat\u00fd otec. Jm\u00e9no <em>Dis<\/em> je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za zkr\u00e1ceninu slova <em>dives<\/em>, bohat\u00fd, a je tak p\u0159esn\u00fdm latinsk\u00fdm ekvivalentem \u0159eck\u00e9ho Plouton. I zde bohatstv\u00ed odkazuje na to, co le\u017e\u00ed pod zem\u00ed, na obil\u00ed a na poklady p\u016fdy.<\/p><p>T\u0159et\u00edm jm\u00e9nem je <em>Orcus<\/em>, jeho\u017e p\u016fvod je sporn\u00fd; Orcus mohl ozna\u010dovat jak boha samotn\u00e9ho, tak podsv\u011bt\u00ed samo o sob\u011b, i trestaj\u00edc\u00ed, zastra\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed moc. Z Orca se p\u0159es okliky odvozuje italsk\u00e9 <em>orco<\/em> a nakonec i slovo ogr.<\/p><p>Tato rozmanitost jmen ukazuje, \u017ee \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 p\u0159edstava o bohu mrtv\u00fdch \u010derpala z n\u011bkolika zdroj\u016f: z dom\u00e1c\u00ed tradice spojen\u00e9 s Dis Paterem a Orkem a z \u0159eck\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span>, kter\u00e1 s jm\u00e9nem Pluto p\u0159inesla rozvinutou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span> H\u00e1da.<\/p><p>V\u00fdzkum vych\u00e1z\u00ed z toho, \u017ee dom\u00e1c\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy byly p\u016fvodn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b personifikovan\u00e9 a m\u00e9n\u011b bohat\u00e9 na m\u00fdty ne\u017e \u0159eck\u00e9. Teprve ztoto\u017en\u011bn\u00edm s H\u00e1dem-Ploutonem z\u00edskal \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd b\u016fh podsv\u011bt\u00ed svou rozvinutou podobu a sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u00fanos <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145284\">Proserpiny<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc860d54 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpc860d54\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpabb6594 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpabb6594\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ludi Tarentini a olt\u00e1\u0159 na Martov\u011b poli<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9b61d10 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9b61d10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf79ffd5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpf79ffd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vlastn\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> Dis Patera a Proserpiny m\u011bl sv\u00e9 centrum na Martov\u011b poli, na m\u00edst\u011b zvan\u00e9m <em>Tarentum<\/em> nebo <em>Terentum<\/em>. Nach\u00e1zel se tam podzemn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 m\u00edsto nebo st\u016fl pro ob\u011bti a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 \u00fakony.\" tabindex=\"0\">olt\u00e1\u0159<\/span>, kter\u00fd byl odkr\u00fdv\u00e1n a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n pouze p\u0159i zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostech.<\/p><p>Podle zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed legendy tam m\u011bl Sabin jm\u00e9nem Valesius kopat a narazit na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 m\u00edsto nebo st\u016fl pro ob\u011bti a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 \u00fakony.\" tabindex=\"0\">olt\u00e1\u0159<\/span>, kdy\u017e hledal uzdraven\u00ed pro sv\u00e9 d\u011bti.<\/p><p>Na tomto m\u00edst\u011b se konaly <em>Ludi Tarentini<\/em>, no\u010dn\u00ed hry a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu na vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed d\u00edk\u016f, prosby nebo \u00facty.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011bti<\/span> pro podzemn\u00ed bo\u017estva.<\/p><p>Z t\u00e9to tradice se vyvinuly <em>Ludi Saeculares<\/em>, tzv. sekul\u00e1rn\u00ed hry, kter\u00e9 se slavily jen jednou za <em>saeculum<\/em>, obdob\u00ed zhruba sta a\u017e sto deseti let, s od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00edm, \u017ee by je \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk nem\u011bl za\u017e\u00edt dvakr\u00e1t. Hry ozna\u010dovaly p\u0159echod z jednoho v\u011bku do dal\u0161\u00edho.<\/p><p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 dob\u0159e dolo\u017een\u00e9 jsou sekul\u00e1rn\u00ed hry, kter\u00e9 nechal roku 17 p\u0159. n. l. uspo\u0159\u00e1dat c\u00edsa\u0159 Augustus.<\/p><p>K t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti slo\u017eil Horatius b\u00e1se\u0148 <em>Carmen Saeculare<\/em>, kterou zp\u00edvaly chlapeck\u00e9 a d\u00edv\u010d\u00ed sbory. Dochoval se n\u00e1pis dokumentuj\u00edc\u00ed program slavnosti, kter\u00fd je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pramen.<\/p><p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska je toto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9: ukazuje, \u017ee Dis Pater ve st\u00e1tn\u00edm \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9m kultu p\u0159esahoval roli p\u0159\u00edjemce soukrom\u00fdch ob\u0159ad\u016f za mrtv\u00e9. Vystupuje zde jako moc spojen\u00e1 s b\u011bhem velk\u00fdch v\u011bk\u016f a s ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed obnovou obce. No\u010dn\u00ed, temn\u00e9 ob\u011bti podzemn\u00edm bo\u017estv\u016fm tak byly pevnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp303ceab e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp303ceab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp40a75b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp40a75b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bohatstv\u00ed z hlubin: Pluto, hornictv\u00ed a plodnost<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd3c2a83 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpd3c2a83\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4cdbc79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp4cdbc79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm rysem Pluta je samotn\u00e9 jeho jm\u00e9no, Bohat\u00fd. Toto spojen\u00ed boha mrtv\u00fdch a bohatstv\u00ed nen\u00ed n\u00e1hodn\u00e9, ale vyjad\u0159uje soudr\u017enou p\u0159edstavu.<\/p><p>Zem\u011b, do kter\u00e9 sestupuj\u00ed mrtv\u00ed, je z\u00e1rove\u0148 zem\u00ed, z n\u00ed\u017e vzr\u016fst\u00e1 obil\u00ed a v n\u00ed\u017e jsou ulo\u017eeny kovy a drah\u00e9 kameny. Kdo vl\u00e1dne podsv\u011bt\u00ed, vl\u00e1dne t\u00edm i t\u011bmto poklad\u016fm.<\/p><p>Ve <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, zhruba od 800 p\u0159. n. l. do 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">antice<\/span> byl proto Pluto spojov\u00e1n s bohatstv\u00edm p\u016fdy, se zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00edm i s hornictv\u00edm. \u0158eck\u00fd b\u016fh <em>Plutos<\/em>, personifikace bohatstv\u00ed v u\u017e\u0161\u00edm smyslu, se od Plutona li\u0161\u00ed, p\u0159esto jsou ob\u011b jm\u00e9na si tak bl\u00edzk\u00e1, \u017ee se ji\u017e v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, zhruba od 800 p\u0159. n. l. do 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">antice<\/span> zam\u011b\u0148ovala.<\/p><p>Bl\u00edzk\u00e9 spojen\u00ed boha podsv\u011bt\u00ed s Proserpinou, kter\u00e1 sama vystupuje jako bohyn\u011b vegetace, tento aspekt posiluje: jej\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00ed vzestup a sestup je spjat se vznikem a z\u00e1nikem poln\u00edch plodin.<\/p><p>V\u011bdecky tento poznatek ukazuje, \u017ee \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 a \u0158ekov\u00e9 nech\u00e1pali smrt a plodnost jako \u010dist\u00e9 protiklady. Tat\u00e1\u017e zem\u011b, kter\u00e1 pohlcuje, tak\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed \u00farodu. B\u016fh mrtv\u00fdch je proto v\u00edc ne\u017e postava vzbuzuj\u00edc\u00ed strach: je z\u00e1rove\u0148 z\u00e1rukou kolob\u011bhu, na kter\u00e9m z\u00e1vis\u00ed \u017eiv\u00ed.<\/p><p>Ve v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9m um\u011bn\u00ed byl Pluto p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u011b zobrazov\u00e1n s rohem hojnosti, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolem<\/span> nadbytku, co\u017e tuto pozitivn\u00ed str\u00e1nku zviditel\u0148uje. P\u0159i ob\u011btech mu v\u0161ak byly v\u011bnov\u00e1ny formy obvykl\u00e9 u chtonick\u00fdch bo\u017estev, temn\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata, krev vl\u00e9han\u00e1 do p\u016fdy, v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd a k hloubce obr\u00e1cen\u00fd ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed postoj.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7308312 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp7308312\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3e9d09b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp3e9d09b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Od boha k trpasli\u010d\u00ed planet\u011b: modern\u00ed historie jm\u00e9na<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp72760ea e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp72760ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp64c91ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp64c91ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Jm\u00e9no Pluto za\u017eilo ve 20. stolet\u00ed druhou kari\u00e9ru, daleko od antick\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Kdy\u017e byl v roce 1930 na Lowellov\u011b observato\u0159i v Arizon\u011b objeven nov\u00fd nebesk\u00fd objekt za Neptunem, hledal se pro n\u011bj n\u00e1zev.<\/span><\/p><p>N\u00e1vrh p\u0159i\u0161el od Venetie Burneyov\u00e9, jeden\u00e1ctilet\u00e9 \u0161kola\u010dky z Oxfordu, kterou zaj\u00edmala <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, zhruba od 800 p\u0159. n. l. do 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">antick\u00e1<\/span> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v dan\u00e9 kultu\u0159e.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span>. Jm\u00e9no boha temn\u00e9ho, vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho podsv\u011bt\u00ed se zd\u00e1lo vhodn\u00e9 pro vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 a chladn\u00e9 nebesk\u00e9 t\u011bleso.<\/p><p>N\u00e1vrh se prosadil i proto, \u017ee prvn\u00ed dv\u011b p\u00edsmena jm\u00e9na, P a L, byly z\u00e1rove\u0148 inici\u00e1ly Percivala Lowella, zakladatele observato\u0159e, kter\u00fd po takov\u00e9 planet\u011b dlouho p\u00e1tral.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Astronomick\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> nebesk\u00e9ho t\u011blesa spojuje tato dv\u011b p\u00edsmena. Pluto byl zprvu pova\u017eov\u00e1n za dev\u00e1tou planetu slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy. V roce 2006 byl Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed astronomickou uni\u00ed p\u0159eklasifikov\u00e1n na trpasli\u010d\u00ed planetu, co\u017e vyvolalo v ve\u0159ejnosti nezvykle siln\u00e9 reakce.<\/span><\/p><p>V\u011bdecky je tato epizoda p\u0159\u00edkladem p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed antick\u00fdch jmen boh\u016f v modern\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 terminologii.<\/p><p>Podobn\u011b jako planety Jupiter, Mars, Venu\u0161e a Neptun nese i toto nebesk\u00e9 t\u011bleso jm\u00e9no \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho boha, a s n\u00edm se d\u00e1l \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed cel\u00e9 pojmov\u00e9 pole: nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed Plut\u016fv m\u011bs\u00edc se jmenuje Charon, po p\u0159evozn\u00edkovi podsv\u011bt\u00ed, dal\u0161\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edce nesou jm\u00e9na jako Styx a Kerberos.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, zhruba od 800 p\u0159. n. l. do 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antick\u00e1<\/span> geografie z\u00e1hrob\u00ed se tak, zbaven\u00e1 sv\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho obsahu, stala z\u00e1sob\u00e1rnou pro astronomickou nomenklaturu. B\u016fh mrtv\u00fdch u \u0158\u00edman\u016f je dnes v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b lid\u00ed zn\u00e1m p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jako vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 ledov\u00e9 t\u011bleso na okraji slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145122\">\u0158\u00edm, kultura<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145284\">Proserpina, man\u017eelka, kr\u00e1lovna podsv\u011bt\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145243\">H\u00e1des, \u0159eck\u00fd ekvivalent<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prameny a literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Beard, Mary \/ North, John \/ Price, Simon: <em>Religions of Rome<\/em>. Cambridge University Press, 1998.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Burkert, Walter: <em>Greek Religion<\/em>. Harvard University Press, 1985.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Turcan, Robert: <em>The Cults of the Roman Empire<\/em>. Blackwell Publishers, 1996.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-pluto e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-pluto\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-pluto-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-pluto-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jako <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span><\/em> \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 tradice spojuje Pluto \u0159eck\u00e9ho H\u00e1da se starov\u011bk\u00fdmi italick\u00fdmi p\u0159edstavami o bohatstv\u00ed zem\u011b a vl\u00e1dne nad \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed mrtv\u00fdch, nerostn\u00fdm bohatstv\u00edm a podzemn\u00edmi vrstvami sv\u011bta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1737,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Pluto","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Pluto \u2013 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd b\u016fh podsv\u011bt\u00ed","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Pluto, \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd b\u016fh podsv\u011bt\u00ed a bohatstv\u00ed, dolo\u017een\u00fd po stalet\u00ed: man\u017eel Proserpiny, soudce mrtv\u00fdch, chr\u00e1m v 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