{"id":145278,"date":"2026-09-03T16:28:48","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:28:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145278"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:51:44","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:51:44","slug":"thanatos","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/thanatos\/","title":{"rendered":"Thanatos"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145278\" class=\"elementor elementor-145278 elementor-1964 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thanatos, b\u016fh \u0159eck\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thanatos je b\u016fh \u0159eck\u00e9 tradice.<\/p><p><strong>Klidn\u00fd posel smrti, bratr Hypna, syn Nyx.<\/strong> Thanatos je personifikac\u00ed samotn\u00e9 smrti, nikoli chaosu nebo utrpen\u00ed, ale m\u00edrn\u00e9ho, nevyhnuteln\u00e9ho p\u0159echodu na onen sv\u011bt.<\/p><p>Na rozd\u00edl od H\u00e1da, kter\u00fd vl\u00e1dne podsv\u011bt\u00ed, je Thanatos samotn\u00fdm aktem um\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed. S temn\u00fdmi k\u0159\u00eddly a obr\u00e1cenou pochodn\u00ed n\u00e1sleduje lidi na konci jejich \u017eivota.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh \/ bohyn\u011b: Personifikovan\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc v panteonu dan\u00e9 kultury, s jasn\u011b vymezen\u00fdmi oblastmi p\u016fsobnosti \u2013 silami p\u0159\u00edrody, osudem, v\u00e1lkou, plodnost\u00ed. Uct\u00edvan\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kult\u016f, ob\u011bt\u00ed a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch instituc\u00ed.\">B\u016fh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145121\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a mytologie starov\u011bk\u00e9ho \u0158ecka od myk\u00e9nsk\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed a\u017e po pozdn\u00ed antiku.\">\u0158ecko<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145235\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bohov\u00e9 podsv\u011bt\u00ed a smrti, vl\u00e1dci z\u00e1hrob\u00ed, soudci mrtv\u00fdch, pr\u016fvodci du\u0161\u00ed.\">Bo\u017estvo mrtv\u00fdch<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_thanatos-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1726\" alt=\"Thanatos\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_thanatos-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_thanatos-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_thanatos-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_thanatos.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thanatos<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><p><strong>Hesiodos, Hom\u00e9r a bo\u017esk\u00e1 personifikace smrti<\/strong><\/p><p>Hesiodos popisuje v <em>Theogonii<\/em> (asi 700 p\u0159. Kr.) <em>Thanata<\/em> jako syna Nyx (Noci) a bratra Hypna (Sp\u00e1nku). Toto kosmologick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed d\u011bl\u00e1 z Thanata prim\u00e1rn\u00ed s\u00edlu \u0159\u00e1du, nikoli zlovoln\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no \u0161kodliv\u00e9 nebo dvojzna\u010dn\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mona<\/span>; b\u016fh smrti je nezbytn\u00fd pro strukturu vesm\u00edru.<\/p><p>Hom\u00e9r zach\u00e1z\u00ed s Thanatem v <em>Iliad\u011b<\/em> jako s ambivalentn\u00ed postavou: je nevyhnuteln\u00fd a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \u00faplatek jej nem\u016f\u017ee odvr\u00e1tit, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 nen\u00ed sadistick\u00fd ani zl\u00fd jako d\u00e9mon.<\/p><p>Tato ran\u00e1 charakteristika odli\u0161uje Thanata od H\u00e1da, boha podsv\u011bt\u00ed. Thanatos je proces um\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di p\u0159echodu, nikoli vl\u00e1da nad mrtv\u00fdmi. H\u00e1d\u00e9s je vl\u00e1dcem \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, Thanatos je s\u00edla, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ekra\u010duje hranici. Toto rozli\u0161en\u00ed bylo zachov\u00e1no v antick\u00e9 ikonografii a pozd\u011bji i v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span>.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rychl\u00fd p\u0159ehled: Thanatos<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thanatos se objevuje ji\u017e v Hesiodov\u011b Theogonii jako syn Nyx a bratr Hypna, s n\u00edm\u017e spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00eddl\u00ed v podsv\u011bt\u00ed. V Euripidov\u011b Alk\u00e9stis vystupuje jako jednaj\u00edc\u00ed postava na jevi\u0161ti, kterou H\u00e9rakles p\u0159em\u016f\u017ee v souboji, aby vyrval Alk\u00e9stis smrti. M\u00fdtus o Sisyfovi nav\u00edc vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, \u017ee lstiv\u00fd korintsk\u00fd kr\u00e1l spoutal Thanata, tak\u017ee po n\u011bjakou dobu nemohl nikdo zem\u0159\u00edt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hesiodova Theogonie z doby kolem 700 p\u0159. Kr. je nejstar\u0161\u00edm liter\u00e1rn\u00edm pramenem. Hom\u00e9rova Ilias V, 844; XVI, 672, 682 popisuje Thanata a jeho bratra Hypna jako m\u00edrn\u00e9 bytosti, kter\u00e9 odn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed mrtv\u00e9. Apollod\u00f3ros (2. stol. n. Kr.) a Vergilius toto pojet\u00ed rozv\u00edjej\u00ed. \u0158eck\u00e1 trag\u00e9die: Thanatos jako metafora lidsk\u00e9 smrtelnosti a nevyhnutelnosti. Pozd\u011bji stoikov\u00e9 jej ch\u00e1pou jako p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed z\u00e1kon.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Oblast roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed:<\/strong> Thanatos byl prim\u00e1rn\u011b \u0159eck\u00fd a byl uct\u00edv\u00e1n v cel\u00e9m Hellad\u011b. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 jej p\u0159evzali jako Mors a Letum. V dion\u00fdsovsk\u00fdch myst\u00e9ri\u00edch a orfick\u00fdch tradic\u00edch m\u011bl Thanatos \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed roli jako pr\u00e1h mezi \u017eivotem a podsv\u011bt\u00edm. Ji\u017en\u00ed It\u00e1lie a Sic\u00edlie (Magna Graecia) m\u011bly specializovan\u00e9 Thanatovy svatyn\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed prameny:<\/strong><br><em>Hesiod, Theogonie<\/em> 211, 225<br><em>Homer, Ilias<\/em> XVI, 672, 682<br><em>Sophokles, Antigone<\/em><br><em>Euripides, Alkestis<\/em><br><em>Apollodor, Bibliotheca<\/em> I, 3, 1; II, 5, 12<br><strong>Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed prameny:<\/strong> Burkert; Dodds; Bremmer; Nilsson<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ozna\u010den\u00ed a zp\u016fsoby psan\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thanatos je zobrazov\u00e1n jako ok\u0159\u00eddlen\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no \u0161kodliv\u00e9 nebo dvojzna\u010dn\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mon<\/span> nebo mlad\u00fd mu\u017e, \u010dasto s \u010dern\u00fdmi k\u0159\u00eddly podobn\u00fdmi bohu sp\u00e1nku Hypnovi. Jeho atributy jsou obr\u00e1cen\u00e1, zhasnut\u00e1 pochode\u0148 (konec \u017eivota), \u010dasto i me\u010d nebo kosa.<\/p><p>Jeho tv\u00e1\u0159 je v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1, ale ne zl\u00e1, sp\u00ed\u0161e melancholick\u00e1. N\u011bkter\u00e1 zobrazen\u00ed jej ukazuj\u00ed s urnou na popel, jin\u00e1 s mot\u00fdlem, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolem<\/span> du\u0161e (<em>psych\u00e9<\/em>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Povahov\u00e9 rysy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thanatos je p\u0159edm\u011btem \u00facty a opatrn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Slovn\u00ed obr\u00e1cen\u00ed se \u010dlov\u011bka k bo\u017estvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">modlitby<\/span>, nikdy mu v\u0161ak nebyl zasv\u011bcen \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span>. M\u00edsto aby byl uct\u00edv\u00e1n, je p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n jako nezbytn\u00fd. Smrteln\u00edci se obracej\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e k H\u00e1dovi, Persefon\u011b nebo jin\u00fdm boh\u016fm s prosbou o milost v podsv\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p><p>V dramatu Euripida <em>Alk\u00e9stis<\/em> z\u00e1pas\u00ed H\u00e9rakl\u00e9s s Thanatem, aby zachr\u00e1nil smrtelnou Alk\u00e9stis, vz\u00e1cn\u00e1 sc\u00e9na, kter\u00e1 ukazuje, \u017ee i smrt lze silou zahnat, i kdy\u017e by se to nem\u011blo d\u00edt. Thanatos zt\u011bles\u0148uje p\u0159ijet\u00ed a d\u016fstojnost tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 smrtelnosti.<\/p><p><strong>Vzhled a symbolika<\/strong><\/p><p>Thanatos b\u00fdv\u00e1 zobrazov\u00e1n jako mlad\u00fd, p\u016fsobiv\u00fd mu\u017e s k\u0159\u00eddly (symbol pohyblivosti smrti) a n\u011bkdy s obr\u00e1cenou pochodn\u00ed (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> zhasnut\u00e9ho \u017eivota) nebo s kosou. N\u011bkdy nos\u00ed tmav\u00fd od\u011bv. Jeho barvou je tmav\u011b \u0161ed\u00e1 nebo \u010dern\u00e1.<\/p><p>Na rozd\u00edl od modern\u00edch hororov\u00fdch zobrazen\u00ed smrti Thanatos v\u016fbec nep\u016fsob\u00ed d\u011bsiv\u011b, sp\u00ed\u0161e pla\u0161e nebo smutn\u011b. \u00dadajn\u011b miloval \u017eivot a necht\u011bl, aby lid\u00e9 um\u00edrali, jeho povinnost v\u0161ak byla neodvolateln\u00e1. Jeho p\u0159\u00edtomnost m\u00edsto strachu p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed podivnou, klidnou \u00falevu.<\/p><div><p><strong>Euripid\u00e9s a vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed s nevyhnuteln\u00fdm<\/strong><\/p><p>Euripidovo drama <em>Alk\u00e9stis<\/em> (438 p\u0159. n. l.) zobrazuje Thanata jako dramatickou postavu. P\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed si pro um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed Alk\u00e9stis, ale je odveden pozornost\u00ed k <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu na vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed d\u00edk\u016f, prosby nebo \u00facty.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011bti<\/span> n\u011bkoho jin\u00e9ho, H\u00e9rakl\u00e9s jej poraz\u00ed v souboji.<\/p><p>Drama l\u00ed\u010d\u00ed Thanata jako s\u00edlu, kterou je t\u0159eba respektovat a ob\u00e1vat se j\u00ed, ale za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek ji lze i p\u0159ekonat. Euripid\u00e9s zach\u00e1z\u00ed s Thanatem jako s jednaj\u00edc\u00ed postavou obda\u0159enou v\u016fl\u00ed a pohnutkami, nikoli jako s abstraktn\u00edm pojmem.<\/p><p>Toto dramatick\u00e9 ztv\u00e1rn\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1sledn\u011b u\u010dinilo Thanata relevantn\u00edm i v nen\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch souvislostech. Liter\u00e1ti a filozofov\u00e9 se mohli Thanatem zab\u00fdvat, ani\u017e by museli zauj\u00edmat konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed teologick\u00e9 stanovisko. Alk\u00e9stis se stala standardn\u00ed referenc\u00ed pro liter\u00e1rn\u00ed postavy smrti.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Thanatos<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thanatos je \u0159eck\u00e1 personifikace smrti, ani zl\u00e1, ani milosrdn\u00e1, n\u00fdbr\u017e nutn\u00e1 a nevyhnuteln\u00e1. Jako syn Noci (Nyx) p\u0159edstavuje kosmickou s\u00edlu star\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e olymp\u0161t\u00ed bohov\u00e9, kterou respektuje i s\u00e1m Zeus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fvod Thanata<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Genealogie:<\/strong> Syn Nyx a jako takov\u00fd bratr Hypna (Sp\u00e1nku). K jeho rodin\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed Charon (p\u0159evozn\u00edk), Er\u00ednye (bohyn\u011b pomsty), Nemesis (spravedlnost) a v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed d\u011bti Nyx. Tato rodina p\u0159edstavuje ne\u00faprosn\u00e9 s\u00edly existence. <br><strong>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost:<\/strong> Na rozd\u00edl od jin\u00fdch boh\u016f nem\u00e1 Thanatos \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 potomky, je kone\u010dn\u00fd, nikoli plodn\u00fd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Koho Thanatos vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Podle \u0159eck\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed Thanatos v z\u00e1sad\u011b ke ka\u017ed\u00e9mu smrteln\u00edkovi, nebo\u0165 smrt je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za nevyhnuteln\u00fd \u00fad\u011bl v\u0161ech lid\u00ed. V poezii je zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b spojov\u00e1n s tich\u00fdm, osudem dan\u00fdm um\u00edr\u00e1n\u00edm, zat\u00edmco n\u00e1siln\u00e1 smrt na boji\u0161ti byla sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159i\u0159azov\u00e1na K\u00e9r\u00e1m. Euripidova Alk\u00e9stis jej ukazuje jako postavu, kter\u00e1 c\u00edlen\u011b p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed pro toho, jeho\u017e \u010das na zemi vypr\u0161el.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Podoba Thanata<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ve v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9m um\u011bn\u00ed se podoba Thanata v pr\u016fb\u011bhu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, zhruba 800 p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">antiky<\/span> v\u00fdrazn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed. Na b\u00edle malovan\u00fdch l\u00e9kythech z 5. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l., klasick\u00fdch ath\u00e9nsk\u00fdch hrobov\u00fdch n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch, se objevuje spole\u010dn\u011b se sv\u00fdm bratrem Hypnem jako vousat\u00fd ok\u0159\u00eddlen\u00fd mu\u017e, kter\u00fd opatrn\u011b odn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed zem\u0159el\u00e9 k poh\u0159bu.<\/p><p>V hel\u00e9nistick\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 dob\u011b se st\u00e1le v\u00edce prosazuje obraz mladistv\u00e9ho ok\u0159\u00eddlen\u00e9ho g\u00e9nia, kter\u00fd v ruce dr\u017e\u00ed sklopenou, zhaslou pochode\u0148, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u00fdsti\u017en\u00fd obraz, kter\u00fd zastupuje abstraktn\u00ed my\u0161lenku.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> zanikaj\u00edc\u00edho \u017eivota. Na rozd\u00edl od modern\u00ed p\u0159edstavy je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, zhruba 800 p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">antick\u00fd<\/span> Thanatos jen z\u0159\u00eddka zobrazov\u00e1n jako d\u011bsiv\u00fd; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdomost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span> zd\u016fraz\u0148uje tichou, nevyhnutelnou smrt na rozd\u00edl od n\u00e1siln\u00e9ho um\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bylo p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no K\u00e9r\u00e1m.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fsoben\u00ed Thanata<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>M\u00fdtick\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed:<\/strong> V Euripidov\u011b Alk\u00e9stid\u011b vystupuje Thanatos jako dramatick\u00e1 postava, kn\u011bz v \u010dern\u00e9m rouchu p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed pro Alk\u00e9stis. H\u00e9rakl\u00e9s s n\u00edm bojuje a p\u0159em\u00e1h\u00e1 jej, aby Alk\u00e9stis p\u0159ivedl zp\u011bt, jedin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy je Thanatos pora\u017een, co\u017e ukazuje jeho jinak absolutn\u00ed moc. Hom\u00e9rova \u00cdlias: Thanatos a Hypnos ti\u0161e odn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed mrtv\u00e9ho Sarp\u00e9d\u00f3na. H\u00e9siodos: nevyhnuteln\u00fd, av\u0161ak nikoli aktivn\u011b nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Obrana proti Thanatovi<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trvalou obranu proti Thanatovi \u0159eck\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed neznalo, nebo\u0165 smrt byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za sou\u010d\u00e1st \u0159\u00e1du stanoven\u00e9ho Moirami. M\u00fdty vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00ed jen o do\u010dasn\u00fdch v\u00fdjimk\u00e1ch: Sisyfos spoutal Thanata lst\u00ed, H\u00e9rakl\u00e9s jej p\u0159emohl v boji, aby zachr\u00e1nil Alk\u00e9stis. V kultu se \u0158ekov\u00e9 smrti nesetk\u00e1vali sp\u00ed\u0161e skrze ochrann\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u017e skrze spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 poh\u0159ebn\u00ed ob\u0159ady, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly du\u0161i zajistit p\u0159echod do H\u00e1du.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely k Thanatovi<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed paralelou k Thanatovi je jeho vlastn\u00ed bratr Hypnos, s n\u00edm\u017e spole\u010dn\u011b v \u00cdliad\u011b odn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed padl\u00e9ho Sarp\u00e9d\u00f3na do Lykie. Jako zosobn\u011bn\u00e1 smrt se d\u00e1 srovnat s \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdm Morsem, kter\u00fd je z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti p\u0159evzet\u00edm \u0159eck\u00e9 postavy. Na rozd\u00edl od soudc\u016f mrtv\u00fdch, jako je Jama nebo Jan-luo, Thanatos nikdy nesoud\u00ed zem\u0159el\u00e9. Pouze uskute\u010d\u0148uje p\u0159echod ze \u017eivota do smrti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrana v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ritu\u00e1ly k odvr\u00e1cen\u00ed a uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>A\u010dkoli Thanata nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo odvr\u00e1tit, existovaly ritu\u00e1ly k jeho usm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed a d\u016fstojn\u00e9mu p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u0159el\u00e9ho. \u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed byly poh\u0159ebn\u00ed ob\u0159ady: \u00falitby Thanatovi b\u011bhem poh\u0159bu s prosbou, aby zem\u0159el\u00e9 vedl ti\u0161e. V dom\u00e1cnostech se pravideln\u011b slavily vzpom\u00ednkov\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky (Anthesteria) ke cti Thanata a zem\u0159el\u00fdch.<\/p><p><strong>Za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00ed a vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>P\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed Thanata bylo vz\u00e1cn\u00e9, existovaly v\u0161ak modlitby za tichou smrt. Na smrteln\u00e9m lo\u017ei se \u0159\u00edkalo: \u201eP\u0159ij\u010f ti\u0161e, Thanate, a dej, a\u0165 je m\u016fj odchod bez bolesti.\u201c Orfick\u00fd hymnus 87 popisuje Thanata jako nutn\u00e9ho a respektovan\u00e9ho. Magick\u00e9 papyry obsahuj\u00ed formule proti zl\u00e9 smrti a prosby o sladkou smrt.<\/p><p><strong>Amulety a ochrann\u00e9 symboly<\/strong><\/p><p>Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd byl <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nosen\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt, jemu\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1n ochrann\u00fd, zlo odvracej\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulet<\/span> ve tvaru gran\u00e1tov\u00e9ho jablka (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> podsv\u011bt\u00ed a p\u0159echodu). Mince s vyobrazen\u00edm Thanata se vkl\u00e1daly do hrobov\u00fdch v\u00fdbav, aby zajistily bezpe\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159echod. Prsteny z <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159echodn\u00e1 epocha mezi antikou a st\u0159edov\u011bkem, zhruba 3. a\u017e 7. stolet\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">pozdn\u00ed antiky<\/span> zobrazuj\u00edc\u00ed Thanata a Hypna jako du\u00e1ln\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 symboly. \u010cern\u00e9 kameny slou\u017eily jako amulety Thanata pro d\u016fstojnou smrt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thanatos, paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Podobn\u00e9 personifikace smrti se objevuj\u00ed v\u0161ude: \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 <em>Mors<\/em>, keltsk\u00e1 <em>M\u00f3r<\/em>, germ\u00e1nsk\u00e1 <em>Hel<\/em>. Ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edch tradic\u00edch je soudcem mrtv\u00fdch Jama (hinduismus) nebo Dharmar\u00e1d\u017ea (buddhismus), zat\u00edmco Z\u00e1pad zobrazuje Thanata t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 poeticky.<\/p><p>Char\u00f3n (p\u0159evozn\u00edk) je jeho vedlej\u0161\u00edm bohem, H\u00e1des jeho zadavatelem. Thanatos se od trestaj\u00edc\u00edch bo\u017estev li\u0161\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee nikoho netrest\u00e1, pouze vykon\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p><div><p><strong>Hel\u00e9nistick\u00e1 ikonografie a Freud\u016fv pud smrti<\/strong><\/p><p>V hel\u00e9nistick\u00e9m obdob\u00ed byli Thanatos a jeho dvoj\u010de Hypnos v socha\u0159stv\u00ed \u010dasto zobrazov\u00e1ni, nej\u010dast\u011bji jako ok\u0159\u00eddlen\u00ed mlad\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b bd\u00ed nad zesnul\u00fdmi. Tato ikonografick\u00e1 st\u00e1lost nazna\u010duje, \u017ee Thanatos byl zakotven nejen v literatu\u0159e, ale i v n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-estetick\u00e9 rovin\u011b. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e1 v\u00fdzdoba sarkof\u00e1g\u016f tyto obrazov\u00e9 motivy p\u0159evzala a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila je po cel\u00e9m imp\u00e9riu.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>V modern\u00ed psychoanal\u00fdze se <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"V\u00edde\u0148sk\u00fd zakladatel psychoanal\u00fdzy (1856\u20131939); hlavn\u00ed d\u00edla V\u00fdklad sn\u016f a Nespokojenost v kultu\u0159e.\">Sigmund Freud<\/span> (<em>Jenseits des Lustprinzips<\/em>, 1920) odvol\u00e1val na antick\u00e9ho Thanata, aby konceptualizoval sv\u016fj pud smrti. Freud vid\u011bl v Thanatovi zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00ed nev\u011bdom\u00fdch destruktivn\u00edch tendenc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p>Tento analytick\u00fd v\u00fdklad zasadil <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Obdob\u00ed \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b od 800 p\u0159. n. l. do 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">antickou<\/span> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v dan\u00e9 kultu\u0159e.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span> do nov\u00e9ho kontextu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se Thanatos stal metaforou psychologick\u00fdch proces\u016f. Zda je toto spojen\u00ed historicky, nebo pouze etymologicky od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00e9, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 ve v\u00fdzkumu sporn\u00e9.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6e4efff e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp6e4efff\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd20f17c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpd20f17c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thanatos v m\u00fdtu o Alk\u00e9stid\u011b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd4fa8fc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpd4fa8fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp40123d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp40123d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejpodrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bc\u00ed setk\u00e1n\u00ed s Thanatem v antick\u00e9 literatu\u0159e nab\u00edz\u00ed <em>Alkestis<\/em> Euripida, uveden\u00e1 roku 438 p\u0159. n. l. Hra za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 prologem, v n\u011bm\u017e se na jevi\u0161ti setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed Apoll\u00f3n a Thanatos.<\/p><p>Apoll\u00f3n povolil kr\u00e1li Adm\u00e9tovi uniknout smrti, pokud za n\u011bj n\u011bkdo jin\u00fd dobrovoln\u011b zem\u0159e. Jeho \u017eena Alk\u00e9stis se k tomu nab\u00eddla, a Thanatos se nyn\u00ed objevuje, aby si ji odvedl.<\/p><p>Je n\u00e1padn\u00e9, \u017ee Thanatos zde vystupuje jako jednaj\u00edc\u00ed a mluv\u00edc\u00ed postava, co\u017e je v \u0159eck\u00e9 poezii vz\u00e1cn\u00e9. Apoll\u00f3novu \u017e\u00e1dost o odklad odm\u00edt\u00e1 d\u016frazn\u011b a trv\u00e1 na sv\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu.<\/p><p>S\u00e1m sebe popisuje jako toho, jemu\u017e n\u00e1le\u017eej\u00ed zesnul\u00ed, a zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee svou \u010dest z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b u mlad\u00fdch a kr\u00e1sn\u00fdch. Apoll\u00f3n mu p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1, \u017ee do domu Adm\u00e9tova p\u0159ijde mu\u017e, kter\u00fd mu \u017eenu n\u00e1sil\u00edm vyrve.<\/p><p>T\u00edmto mu\u017eem je H\u00e9rakl\u00e9s. V pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u011b, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed uk\u00e1z\u00e1na na jevi\u0161ti, ale pouze vypr\u00e1v\u011bna, \u010dek\u00e1 H\u00e9rakl\u00e9s na Thanata u hrobu Alk\u00e9stidy, a ve chv\u00edli, kdy chce p\u00edt krev z ob\u011bt\u00ed mrtv\u00fdm, chop\u00ed se ho a z\u00e1pol\u00ed s n\u00edm, dokud mu mrtvou nevyd\u00e1.<\/p><p>Tato epizoda je jedn\u00edm z m\u00e1la sv\u011bdectv\u00ed, \u017ee Thanatos m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159emo\u017een, a \u0159ad\u00ed se k vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o Sisyfovi, kter\u00fd Thanata spoutal.<\/p><p>Ve v\u00fdzkumu se diskutuje, zda Euripid\u00e9s jevi\u0161tn\u00ed postavu Thanata vytvo\u0159il s\u00e1m, nebo zda nav\u00e1zal na star\u0161\u00ed tradici. Jist\u00e9 je, \u017ee drama p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159edstavu smrti jako vyjednateln\u00e9, fyzicky uchopiteln\u00e9 moci, p\u0159edstavu, kter\u00e1 se v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed filozofick\u00e9 abstrakce.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf33d3d2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpf33d3d2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp019d23e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp019d23e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thanatos ve v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9m um\u011bn\u00ed antiky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd1914bc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpd1914bc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp69c8c04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp69c8c04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ikonografick\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span> Thanata je skromn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e tradice mnoha jin\u00fdch \u0159eck\u00fdch bo\u017estev, ale je vypov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed. Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vyobrazen\u00ed se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na tzv. Euphroniov\u011b kr\u00e1teru, \u010dervenofigurov\u00e9m kalichov\u00e9m kr\u00e1teru z konce 6. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l., kter\u00fd je dnes op\u011bt vystaven v archeologick\u00e9m muzeu v Cerveteri.<\/p><p>Zobrazuje, jak Thanatos a jeho bratr <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145315\">Hypnos<\/a> nesou mrtv\u00e9ho Sarp\u00e9d\u00f3na z boji\u0161t\u011b pod dohledem Herma. Oba brat\u0159i jsou zobrazeni jako ok\u0159\u00eddlen\u00ed, vousat\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edci, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 hom\u00e9rsk\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b ze 16. knihy <em>Ilias<\/em>.<\/p><p>V pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1zov\u00e9 malb\u011b, a zejm\u00e9na na b\u011blonoh\u00fdch l\u00e9kythech, on\u011bch olejov\u00fdch n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch slou\u017e\u00edc\u00edch jako hrobov\u00e9 dary, se Hypnos a Thanatos \u010dasto objevuj\u00ed jako ok\u0159\u00eddlen\u00ed mlad\u00edci nesouc\u00ed zesnul\u00e9ho k n\u00e1hrobn\u00ed st\u00e9le. Tyto obrazy pat\u0159\u00ed k pevn\u00e9mu reperto\u00e1ru attick\u00e9 hrobov\u00e9 keramiky 5. stolet\u00ed.<\/p><p>V \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 dob\u011b se vyvinula vlastn\u00ed tradice. Na sarkof\u00e1gech se smrt nyn\u00ed \u010dasto objevuje jako ok\u0159\u00eddlen\u00fd chlapec se sklopenou, zhaslou pochodn\u00ed, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span>, kter\u00fd dozn\u00edv\u00e1 v modern\u00edm hrobov\u00e9m um\u011bn\u00ed a\u017e do 19. stolet\u00ed.<\/p><p>Zda je tato postava p\u0159\u00edmo identick\u00e1 s \u0159eck\u00fdm Thanatem, nebo p\u0159edstavuje samostatnou \u0159\u00edmskou personifikaci, je ve v\u00fdzkumu sporn\u00e9.<\/p><p>\u010casto diskutovan\u00fdm jednotliv\u00fdm dokladem je bubnovit\u00fd sloupov\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek z mlad\u0161\u00edho Artemidina <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mu<\/span> v Efesu, kter\u00fd podle star\u0161\u00edho, ale nepotvrzen\u00e9ho v\u00fdkladu zobrazuje ok\u0159\u00eddlenou postavu s me\u010dem, je\u017e byla ozna\u010dena za Thanata.<\/p><p>Toto p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed se op\u00edr\u00e1 o nedalekou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Text vyryt\u00fd nebo vytesan\u00fd do pevn\u00e9ho podkladu.\" tabindex=\"0\">inskripci<\/span> a je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za nejist\u00e9. Celkov\u011b tento n\u00e1lez ukazuje, \u017ee Thanatos jen z\u0159\u00eddka st\u00e1l v centru kultovn\u00edho obrazu, ale t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy se objevuje v narativn\u00edch nebo funer\u00e1ln\u00edch souvislostech.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1f239f2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp1f239f2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp540a3c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp540a3c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Postaven\u00ed v genealogii Noci<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe38f3c6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpe38f3c6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcbcba41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpcbcba41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thanatos nem\u00e1 v \u0159eck\u00e9 poezii otce. H\u00e9siodos ho v <em>Theogonii<\/em> \u0159ad\u00ed mezi d\u011bti Nyx, Noci, kterou porodila bez spojen\u00ed s mu\u017esk\u00fdm prot\u011bj\u0161kem.<\/p><p>V tomto v\u00fd\u010dtu stoj\u00ed Thanatos vedle Hypna, Sp\u00e1nku, vedle Mora, Osudu, vedle K\u00e9r, duch\u016f smrti, vedle Moma, Hany, vedle Nemesis, Odplaty, a vedle dal\u0161\u00edch temn\u00fdch mocnost\u00ed jako Apat\u00e9, G\u00e9ras a Eris.<\/p><p>Tato genealogie je v\u00edc ne\u017e pouh\u00fd \u00fadaj o p\u0159\u00edbuzenstv\u00ed. Za\u0159azuje smrt do oblasti, kter\u00e1 stoj\u00ed v protikladu k olympsk\u00e9mu sv\u011btu sv\u011btla a kter\u00e1 vznik\u00e1 sama ze sebe, bez mu\u017esk\u00e9ho principu.<\/p><p>H\u00e9siodos popisuje, \u017ee Hypnos a Thanatos s\u00eddl\u00ed na nejzaz\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1pad\u011b, kde zapad\u00e1 slunce, a \u017ee slunce na n\u011b nikdy nezasv\u00edt\u00ed sv\u00fdmi paprsky. V\u00fdslovn\u011b stav\u00ed do protikladu m\u00edrnost sp\u00e1nku a \u017eeleznou tvrdost smrti, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 nemilosrdn\u00e9 srdce a nikdy nepropust\u00ed toho, koho jednou uchopila.<\/p><p>\u00dazk\u00e9 pouto s Hypnem prostupuje celou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdomost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici<\/span>. Oba jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za dvoj\u010data, nebo p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm za neodd\u011bliteln\u00e9 bratry, a jejich spole\u010dn\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i nesen\u00ed Sarp\u00e9d\u00f3na, zd\u016fraz\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edbuznost sp\u00e1nku a smrti jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed motiv \u0159eck\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed.<\/p><p>Od K\u00e9r se Thanatos li\u0161\u00ed svou povahou. K\u00e9ry jsou krve\u017e\u00edzniv\u00e9, n\u00e1siln\u00e9 duchy smrti, kte\u0159\u00ed na boji\u0161ti lov\u00ed ob\u011bti. Thanatos naproti tomu sp\u00ed\u0161e zt\u011bles\u0148uje smrt jako takovou, jako nevyhnuteln\u00fd konec, bez konotace krut\u00e9ho, p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9ho um\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed. Toto rozli\u0161en\u00ed nen\u00ed v\u017edy zcela jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 800 p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">antick\u00e9<\/span> texty pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed oba pojmy m\u00edsty zam\u011bniteln\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp30bed01 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp30bed01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb1b1dd1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpb1b1dd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Od m\u00fdtu k abstrakci: Thanatos v filosofii a psychologii<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8374c77 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp8374c77\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa4b6398 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa4b6398\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>U\u017e v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 800 p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">antice<\/span> Thanatos postupn\u011b ztr\u00e1cel svou mytickou podobu a stal se pouh\u00fdm slovem pro smrt jako pojem. Ve filosofick\u00e9 literatu\u0159e, nap\u0159\u00edklad u Plat\u00f3na a stoik\u016f, se <em>thanatos<\/em> objevuje jako v\u011bcn\u00fd term\u00edn, nikoli jako osoba.<\/p><p>P\u0159echod od personifikovan\u00e9 bytosti k abstrakci lze vysledovat na d\u011bjin\u00e1ch tohoto slova a je p\u0159\u00edkladem toho, jak personifikace v \u0159eck\u00e9 kultu\u0159e kol\u00edsaj\u00ed mezi postavou a pojmem.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Druhou, vlivnou kari\u00e9ru u\u010dinilo toto jm\u00e9no ve 20. stolet\u00ed. Sigmund Freud ve sv\u00e9m spise <em>Jenseits des Lustprinzips<\/em> z roku 1920 zavedl p\u0159edstavu smrteln\u00e9ho instinktu, kter\u00fd stoj\u00ed proti instinktu \u017eivota.<\/span><\/p><p>Freud s\u00e1m pojem <em>Thanatos<\/em> ve sv\u00fdch vydan\u00fdch spisech nepou\u017e\u00edval; do diskuse jej vnesl jeho \u017e\u00e1k Wilhelm Stekel a pozd\u011bji dal\u0161\u00ed a ust\u00e1lil se jako protipojem k Er\u00f3sovi. V psychoanalytick\u00e9 tradici od t\u00e9 doby Thanatos ozna\u010duje tendenci k agresi, destrukci a n\u00e1vratu do anorganick\u00e9ho stavu.<\/p><p>Toto pou\u017eit\u00ed je od antick\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u011bjak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estva<\/span> zna\u010dn\u011b vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 a zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 se na modern\u00edm p\u0159isvojen\u00ed. Vedlo to v\u0161ak k tomu, \u017ee jm\u00e9no Thanatos je dnes mnoha lidem zn\u00e1m\u00e9 sp\u00ed\u0161e z psychologie ne\u017e z \u0159eck\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span>. Tak\u00e9 odborn\u00fd term\u00edn <em>thanatologie<\/em> pro v\u011bdeck\u00e9 zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed um\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed a smrti se odvozuje odtud.<\/p><p>V modern\u00ed popkultu\u0159e se Thanatos objevuje v rom\u00e1nech, hr\u00e1ch a komiksech v\u011bt\u0161inou jako zosobn\u011bn\u00e1 smrt, \u010dasto sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fd s rysy jin\u00fdch postav smrti. Toto p\u0159ej\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed se jen z\u0159\u00eddka op\u00edr\u00e1 o konkr\u00e9tn\u011b \u0159eck\u00e9 prameny, ale pracuje s obecn\u00fdm obrazem smrti jako postavy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpff8fe6e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpff8fe6e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2048eb1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2048eb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sisyfos a spout\u00e1n\u00ed smrti<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5098e4d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5098e4d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1d2086c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp1d2086c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vedle epizody s H\u00e9raklem zn\u00e1 \u0159eck\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdomost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span> je\u0161t\u011b druh\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e je Thanatos p\u0159emo\u017een: p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Sisyfa, kr\u00e1le Korintu. Je zachycen v n\u011bkolika, m\u00edsty protich\u016fdn\u00fdch verz\u00edch, mimo jin\u00e9 u mytografa Ferekyda a v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch.<\/p><p>Podle nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed verze Sisyfos, kdy\u017e si pro n\u011bj Thanatos p\u0159i\u0161el, samotnou smrt p\u0159elstil a spoutal ji. Dokud byl Thanatos sv\u00e1z\u00e1n, nemohl zem\u0159\u00edt \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk.<\/p><p>Tento stav naru\u0161il \u0159\u00e1d sv\u011bta, proto\u017ee mrtv\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed do podsv\u011bt\u00ed, a zastaven\u00ed um\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed se dot\u00fdkalo i ob\u011btn\u00ed praxe a vztahu mezi \u017eiv\u00fdmi a bohy.<\/p><p>A\u017e b\u016fh v\u00e1lky \u00c1res Thanata vysvobodil a vydal mu Sisyfa, nebo\u0165 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u00c1res m\u011bl z\u00e1jem na tom, aby se ve v\u00e1lce znovu mohlo um\u00edrat.<\/p><p>Sisyfos unikl smrti je\u0161t\u011b jednou t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159ik\u00e1zal sv\u00e9 \u017een\u011b, aby mu nep\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ela posmrtnou ob\u011b\u0165, a pot\u00e9 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dil Persefonu, aby ho poslala zp\u011bt do \u017eivota, aby ji za toto zanedb\u00e1n\u00ed pok\u00e1ral. Za svou opakovanou vzpouru proti \u0159\u00e1du smrti byl nakonec v podsv\u011bt\u00ed potrest\u00e1n zn\u00e1m\u00fdm trestem: mus\u00ed valit k\u00e1men do kopce, kter\u00fd se mu po\u0159\u00e1d znovu skul\u00ed dol\u016f.<\/p><p>Toto vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed do skupiny m\u00fdt\u016f, kter\u00e9 pojedn\u00e1vaj\u00ed o vztahu lidsk\u00e9 lstivosti a nevyhnuteln\u00e9 smrtelnosti. Ukazuje Thanata jako moc, kterou lze na \u010das vy\u0159adit z platnosti, jej\u00ed\u017e funkce je v\u0161ak pro kosmick\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d nezbytn\u00e1. V\u0161emocn\u00fdm se zde pr\u00e1v\u011b neukazuje.<\/p><p>Badatel\u00e9 upozornili, \u017ee podobn\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o spoutan\u00e9 smrti nejsou triumfem nad smrtelnost\u00ed, ale naopak potvrzuj\u00ed jej\u00ed nezbytnost pr\u00e1v\u011b chaosem, kter\u00fd nast\u00e1v\u00e1 v okam\u017eiku v\u00fdjimky.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6324cda e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp6324cda\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp69cec75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp69cec75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult a ritu\u00e1l: Byl Thanatos uct\u00edv\u00e1n?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp041f635 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp041f635\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa8b8664 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa8b8664\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Na rozd\u00edl od velk\u00fdch olympsk\u00fdch boh\u016f, a tak\u00e9 na rozd\u00edl od Hada, m\u011bl Thanatos jen m\u00e1lo samostatn\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch uct\u00edvac\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f v\u011bnovan\u00fdch bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span>. Pramenn\u00e1 situace nedokl\u00e1d\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 skute\u010dn\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1my<\/span> ani pevn\u011b zaveden\u00e9 ob\u011btn\u00ed slavnosti.<\/p><p>Zem\u011bpisec Pausanias ve 2. stolet\u00ed n. l. p\u00ed\u0161e o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 m\u00edsto zasv\u011bcen\u00e9 uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva.\" tabindex=\"0\">svatyni<\/span> ve Spart\u011b, kde byli Hypnos a Thanatos zobrazeni spole\u010dn\u011b, a jinde zmi\u0148uje, \u017ee Spar\u0165an\u00e9 vzty\u010dovali sochy Smrti a Sm\u00edchu a podobn\u00fdm personifikac\u00edm.<\/p><p>\u00dadajn\u011b existovala socha i v Gythiu. Tyto zpr\u00e1vy jsou stru\u010dn\u00e9 a nenazna\u010duj\u00ed propracovanou kultovn\u00ed praxi.<\/p><p>To odpov\u00edd\u00e1 povaze t\u00e9to postavy. Thanatos nen\u00ed ani tak adres\u00e1tem proseb, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e moc\u00ed, s n\u00ed\u017e se \u010dlov\u011bk setk\u00e1v\u00e1, ani\u017e by ji mohl obm\u011bk\u010dit.<\/p><p>Na rozd\u00edl od Hada, kter\u00fd vl\u00e1dne \u0159\u00ed\u0161i mrtv\u00fdch a hraje roli v mysterijn\u00edch kultech, je Thanatos samotn\u00fdm aktem um\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed, a takov\u00fd proces se kultovn\u011b oslovuje mnohem h\u016f\u0159e ne\u017e vl\u00e1dce.<\/p><p>Naopak z\u0159eteln\u011b je Thanatos p\u0159\u00edtomen ve funer\u00e1ln\u00ed praxi, tedy v \u00fakonech spojen\u00fdch s poh\u0159bem a uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm mrtv\u00fdch. B\u00edle malovan\u00e9 lekythy zobrazuj\u00edc\u00ed Hypna a Thanata se kladly do hrobu nebo se stav\u011bly na hrob\u011b.<\/p><p>Zde m\u011bl obraz m\u00edrn\u00e9 dvojice bratr\u016f ut\u011b\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed funkci: smrt se p\u0159ibli\u017eovala sp\u00e1nku a odnesen\u00ed zesnul\u00e9ho se jevilo jako \u0161etrn\u00fd akt.<\/p><p>Celkov\u011b z pramen\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee \u0158ekov\u00e9 smrt uzn\u00e1vali jako nevyhnutelnou, ale m\u00e1lokdy se sna\u017eili na ni p\u016fsobit prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch uct\u00edvac\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f v\u011bnovan\u00fdch bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span>. Pokud se n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 nad\u011bje obracela k posmrtn\u00e9mu \u017eivotu, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad v eleusinsk\u00fdch myst\u00e9ri\u00edch, sm\u011b\u0159ovala k D\u00e9m\u00e9t\u00e9r a Persefon\u011b, nikoli k Thanatovi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145279\">Nyx, matka Thanatova<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145315\">Hypnos, dvoj\u010de<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145248\">Char\u00f3n, partner p\u0159i p\u0159echodu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145243\">H\u00e1des, kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed smrti<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145277\">Persefona, kr\u00e1lovna podsv\u011bt\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Odborn\u00e1 literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Dodds, E.R.: The Greeks and the Irrational. 1951<\/span><\/li><li>Bremmer, Jan N.: Greek Religion. 2008<\/li><li>Rohde, Erwin: Psyche. 1925<\/li><\/ul>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed d\u00edla naleznete v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145257\">seznamu literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df83dfb e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"df83dfb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a542f05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a542f05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>\u010cast\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o Thanatovi<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Kdo je Thanatos v \u0159eck\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span>?<\/h3><p>Thanatos (\u0159ecky Thanatos, smrt) je v \u0159eck\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span> personifikac\u00ed klidn\u00e9, nen\u00e1siln\u00e9 smrti, syn Nyx (Noci) a bratr Hypna (Sp\u00e1nku). Na rozd\u00edl od K\u00e9r (n\u00e1siln\u011b zab\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch duch\u016f osudu) si Thanatos odv\u00e1d\u00ed um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed ze \u017eivota jemn\u011b.<\/p><p>B\u00fdv\u00e1 typicky zobrazov\u00e1n jako ok\u0159\u00eddlen\u00fd jinoch s dohas\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed pochodn\u00ed. Na rozd\u00edl od H\u00e1da (\u0159\u00ed\u0161e mrtv\u00fdch) a jeho stejnojmenn\u00e9ho vl\u00e1dce je Thanatos samostatnou bytost\u00ed, samotnou smrt\u00ed, nikoli \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed mrtv\u00fdch.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>\u010c\u00edm se Thanatos li\u0161\u00ed od H\u00e1da?<\/h3><p>V \u0159eck\u00e9m my\u0161len\u00ed jsou tyto dva pojmy jasn\u011b odd\u011bleny. H\u00e1d\u00e9s je b\u016fh \u0159\u00ed\u0161e mrtv\u00fdch a z\u00e1rove\u0148 n\u00e1zev t\u00e9to \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 mrtv\u00e9 a vl\u00e1dne nad nimi. Thanatos je smrt jako d\u011bj, okam\u017eik, ve kter\u00e9m \u017eivot kon\u010d\u00ed.<\/p><p>V m\u00fdtu o Alk\u00e9stis (trag\u00e9die Euripida) z\u00e1pas\u00ed H\u00e9rakl\u00e9s osobn\u011b s Thanatem, aby p\u0159ivedl zp\u011bt kr\u00e1lovnu Alk\u00e9stis, sc\u00e9na, kter\u00e1 ukazuje, \u017ee Thanatos je samostatn\u00e1 postava, s n\u00ed\u017e lze vyjedn\u00e1vat nebo bojovat. Sigmund Freud pozd\u011bji p\u0159evzal Thanata jako pojem pro pud smrti.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Kdo je Thanatos v \u0159eck\u00e9 mytologii?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Thanatos (\u0159ecky Thanatos, smrt) je v \u0159eck\u00e9 mytologii personifikac\u00ed klidn\u00e9, nen\u00e1siln\u00e9 smrti, syn Nyx (Noci) a bratr Hypna (Sp\u00e1nku). Na rozd\u00edl od K\u00e9r (n\u00e1siln\u011b zab\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch duch\u016f osudu) si Thanatos odv\u00e1d\u00ed um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed ze \u017eivota jemn\u011b.B\u00fdv\u00e1 typicky zobrazov\u00e1n jako ok\u0159\u00eddlen\u00fd jinoch s dohas\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed pochodn\u00ed. Na rozd\u00edl od H\u00e1da (\u0159\u00ed\u0161e mrtv\u00fdch) a jeho stejnojmenn\u00e9ho vl\u00e1dce je Thanatos samostatnou bytost\u00ed, samotnou smrt\u00ed, nikoli \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed mrtv\u00fdch.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"\u010c\u00edm se Thanatos li\u0161\u00ed od H\u00e1da?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"V \u0159eck\u00e9m my\u0161len\u00ed jsou tyto dva pojmy jasn\u011b odd\u011bleny. H\u00e1d\u00e9s je b\u016fh \u0159\u00ed\u0161e mrtv\u00fdch a z\u00e1rove\u0148 n\u00e1zev t\u00e9to \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 mrtv\u00e9 a vl\u00e1dne nad nimi. Thanatos je smrt jako d\u011bj, okam\u017eik, ve kter\u00e9m \u017eivot kon\u010d\u00ed.V m\u00fdtu o Alk\u00e9stis (trag\u00e9die Euripida) z\u00e1pas\u00ed H\u00e9rakl\u00e9s osobn\u011b s Thanatem, aby p\u0159ivedl zp\u011bt kr\u00e1lovnu Alk\u00e9stis, sc\u00e9na, kter\u00e1 ukazuje, \u017ee Thanatos je samostatn\u00e1 postava, s n\u00ed\u017e lze vyjedn\u00e1vat nebo bojovat. Sigmund Freud pozd\u011bji p\u0159evzal Thanata jako pojem pro pud smrti.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1726,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Thanatos","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Thanatos - klidn\u00fd posel smrti, bratr sp\u00e1nku","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Personifikace smrti, syn Nyx, bratr Hypna. \u010cern\u00e1 k\u0159\u00eddla, obr\u00e1cen\u00e1 pochode\u0148, m\u00edrn\u00fd p\u0159echod na onen sv\u011bt.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"griechenland","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145278","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This 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