{"id":145276,"date":"2026-09-03T16:28:46","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:28:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145276"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:51:41","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:51:41","slug":"nergal","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/nergal\/","title":{"rendered":"Nergal"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145276\" class=\"elementor elementor-145276 elementor-1962 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nergal, b\u016fh mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nergal je b\u016fh mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 tradice.<\/p><p><strong>B\u016fh v\u00e1lky, p\u0159ina\u0161e\u010d moru, spoluvl\u00e1dce podsv\u011bt\u00ed.<\/strong> Nergal je hr\u016fzostra\u0161n\u00fd dvojit\u00fd b\u016fh Mezopot\u00e1mie, naho\u0159e tv\u00e1\u0159 v\u00e1lky a moru, dole temn\u00e1 vl\u00e1da nad Irkallou po boku Ere\u0161kigal.<\/p><p>Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 jako sol\u00e1rn\u00ed, divok\u00e1 bytost, ale s\u0148atkem s vl\u00e1dkyn\u00ed podsv\u011bt\u00ed se st\u00e1v\u00e1 ob\u00e1vanou, av\u0161ak nezbytnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed kosmick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du. Kde se Nergal probud\u00ed, n\u00e1sleduje mor, v\u00e1lka a hlas mrtv\u00fdch.<\/p><p>Nergal je jako b\u016fh v\u00e1lky z\u00e1rove\u0148 vl\u00e1dcem podsv\u011bt\u00ed po boku Ere\u0161kigal. Jako b\u016fh v\u00e1lky a vl\u00e1dce podsv\u011bt\u00ed po boku Ere\u0161kigal pat\u0159\u00ed Nergal k nejob\u00e1van\u011bj\u0161\u00edm bo\u017estv\u016fm Mezopot\u00e1mie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh \/ Bohyn\u011b: Zosobn\u011bn\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc v panteonu ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury, s jasn\u011b vymezen\u00fdmi pravomocemi, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edly, osud, v\u00e1lka, plodnost. Uct\u00edv\u00e1ni prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kult\u016f, ob\u011bt\u00ed a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch instituc\u00ed.\">B\u016fh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145109\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Kol\u00e9bka zaznamenan\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, As\u00fdrie (p\u0159ibl. 3500 p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 330 p\u0159. n. l.).\">Mezopot\u00e1mie<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145235\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bohov\u00e9 podsv\u011bt\u00ed a smrti, vl\u00e1dci onoho sv\u011bta, soudci mrtv\u00fdch, pr\u016fvodci du\u0161\u00ed.\">B\u016fh smrti<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 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8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nergal-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1736\" alt=\"Nergal\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nergal-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nergal-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nergal-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nergal.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nergal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rychl\u00fd p\u0159ehled: Nergal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> Mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed bo\u017estvo, b\u016fh moru, v\u00e1lky a podsv\u011bt\u00ed<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pantheon<\/span>: Sumer, Akkad, Babylon (trvale p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd)<br>Funkce: mor a nemoc, v\u00e1lka, vl\u00e1da nad podsv\u011bt\u00edm (man\u017eel Ere\u0161kigal)<br>Hlavn\u00ed atributy: kyj s lv\u00ed hlavou, dvojit\u00fd me\u010d, sedm morov\u00fdch d\u00e9mon\u016f jako doprovod<br>Hlavn\u00ed kultovn\u00ed m\u00edsta: Kutha (hlavn\u00ed kultovn\u00ed m\u00edsto), Babylon, Ur<br>Astronomick\u00e1 identifikace: Mars (Salbatanu)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontext<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nergal je dolo\u017een od staroakkadsk\u00e9 doby (3. tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l.). Jeho centr\u00e1ln\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span>, s\u0148atek s vl\u00e1dkyn\u00ed podsv\u011bt\u00ed <em>Ere\u0161kigal<\/em>, je vypr\u00e1v\u011bn v epose <em>Nergal a Ere\u0161kigal<\/em> (st\u0159edoasyrsk\u00e1 verze, p\u0159ibl. 14. stol. p\u0159. n. l.). Ve starobabylonsk\u00e9 dob\u011b je d\u00e1le roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en o v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 aspekty; v novobabylonsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i je uct\u00edv\u00e1n i jako ochrann\u00fd patron kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hlavn\u00edm kultovn\u00edm m\u00edstem byla <strong>Kutha<\/strong> (dnes Tell Ibrahim, severn\u011b od Babylonu), \u201em\u011bsto Nergala\u201c, vstupn\u00ed br\u00e1na do podsv\u011bt\u00ed podle babylonsk\u00e9 v\u00edry. D\u00e1le Babylon (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> v komplexu Esagila), Ur, S\u00fasy (elamsky), Mari. V biblick\u00e9 tradici je zmi\u0148ov\u00e1n jako <em>Nergal<\/em> (2 Kr\u00e1l 17,30), v seznamu boh\u016f, kter\u00e9 si asyr\u0161t\u00ed deportovan\u00ed p\u0159inesli do Sama\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 prameny: epos <em>Nergal a Ere\u0161kigal<\/em> (st\u0159edoasyrsk\u00e1 a pozdn\u011bbabylonsk\u00e1 verze), <em>Erra-epos<\/em> (Nergal jako Erra\/p\u0159ina\u0161e\u010d moru), r\u016fzn\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vac\u00ed texty (<em>Maqlu<\/em>, <em>Shurpu<\/em>), n\u00e1pisy z Kuthy a Babylonu. Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed literatura: Lambert, <em>Babylonian Wisdom Literature<\/em>; Cagni, <em>L\u2019epopea di Erra<\/em> (standardn\u00ed vyd\u00e1n\u00ed); Bott\u00e9ro, <em>La plus vieille religion<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a varianty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nergal je zobrazov\u00e1n ve dvou podob\u00e1ch: naho\u0159e jako svalnat\u00fd, vousat\u00fd v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk s helmou, kop\u00edm a zbran\u011bmi, obklopen\u00fd plameny nebo symboly moru. Dole, v Irkalle, sed\u00ed na temn\u00e9m tr\u016fnu vedle Ere\u0161kigal.<\/p><p>Jeho heraldick\u00fdm zv\u00ed\u0159etem je lev nebo hybridn\u00ed demonick\u00e1 bytost. Jeho barvou je \u010derven\u00e1, barva v\u00e1lky a nemoci. Doprov\u00e1z\u00ed ho <em>Namtar<\/em> (morov\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1n \u0161kodliv\u00fd nebo dvojzna\u010dn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mon<\/span>), stejn\u011b jako morov\u00e9 duchy, kte\u0159\u00ed zna\u010d\u00ed jeho cestu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Povahov\u00e9 rysy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nergal udr\u017euje rovnov\u00e1hu mezi \u017eivotem a smrt\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm v\u00e1lky a moru. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nemoci k n\u011bmu lid\u00e9 nevz\u00fdvali za uzdraven\u00ed, ale za usm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, aby mor odvolal. Ve v\u00e1lce se k n\u011bmu v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edci modlili za v\u00edt\u011bznou moc, p\u0159esto\u017ee se ob\u00e1vali i jeho nevypo\u010ditatelnosti.<\/p><p>Jeho hlavn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek se slavil v Kuth\u011b, kde kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161eli <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00edky, prosbu nebo \u00factu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011bti<\/span>, aby zm\u00edrnili jeho hn\u011bv. S\u0148atkem s Ere\u0161kigal se Nergal st\u00e1v\u00e1 tak\u00e9 z\u00e1rukou \u0159\u00e1du v podsv\u011bt\u00ed, nen\u00ed pouze ni\u010ditelem, n\u00fdbr\u017e nezbytnou silou v kosmick\u00e9m uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p><h3>Vzhled a symbolika<\/h3><p><em>Nergal<\/em> je zobrazov\u00e1n jako svalnat\u00fd mu\u017e s lv\u00ed m\u00e1nou nebo lv\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, \u010dasto obklopen\u00fd ohn\u011bm. Jeho k\u016f\u017ee m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u010derven\u00e1 nebo temn\u011b hn\u011bd\u00e1 a nese zbran\u011b, me\u010d, sekeru nebo luk, kter\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed jeho bojovnou povahu.<\/p><p>Kolem jeho t\u011bla nebo pa\u017ee se \u010dasto vine had. Jeho hlava m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dvoutv\u00e1\u0159n\u00e1, s jednou tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed obr\u00e1cenou k povrchu zem\u011b (b\u016fh v\u00e1lky) a druhou k podsv\u011bt\u00ed (kr\u00e1l podsv\u011bt\u00ed). Lev a \u0161t\u00edr jsou jeho svat\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Ohe\u0148 a krev jsou jeho symbolick\u00e9 barvy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Nergal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekty Nergala na prvn\u00ed pohled. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed pole shrnuj\u00ed p\u016fvod, funkci, vzhled, uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, symboly a paralely.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kulturn\u00ed kontext<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nergal je synem Enlila a Ninlil, bratrem Ninurty. V centr\u00e1ln\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span> <em>Nergal a Ere\u0161kigal<\/em> putuje do podsv\u011bt\u00ed; po n\u011bkolika konfliktech a vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edch se st\u00e1v\u00e1 man\u017eelem vl\u00e1dkyn\u011b podsv\u011bt\u00ed a sd\u00edl\u00ed s n\u00ed vl\u00e1du, ale pouze po polovinu roku (sez\u00f3nn\u00ed aspekt: b\u011bhem letn\u00edho \u017e\u00e1ru, kdy se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed mor).<\/p><p>V epose <em>Erra<\/em> jedn\u00e1 z vlastn\u00ed iniciativy jako nekontrolovan\u00e1 morov\u00e1 s\u00edla.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00edlov\u00e1 skupina Nergala<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>P\u0159ina\u0161e\u010d moru i jeho odvraca\u010d (dvoj\u00ed funkce jako u Apoll\u00f3na a Sechmet). Patron letn\u00ed hore\u010dky vrcholn\u00e9ho l\u00e9ta (akkadsky <em>idi\u0161a<\/em>). B\u016fh v\u00e1lky a bitev. Jako identifikace s Marsem je tak\u00e9 astronomicky velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00fd, jeho hv\u011bzda (Mars) je v babylonsk\u00fdch omenov\u00fdch textech interpretov\u00e1na jako p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. Ochrann\u00fd b\u016fh kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed v babylonsko-asyrsk\u00e9 tradici.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forma<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Antropomorfn\u011b zobrazov\u00e1n jako v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk s vysokou diad\u00e9movou \u010dapkou, v dlouh\u00e9m rouchu. Charakteristick\u00e9 jsou: <em>kyj se lv\u00ed hlavou<\/em> a dvojit\u00fd me\u010d. \u010casto doprov\u00e1zen <em>Sebitti<\/em>, sedmi d\u00e9mony moru. Na n\u011bkter\u00fdch pe\u010det\u00edch v podob\u011b lva nebo jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ein Wesen, das Merkmale verschiedener Lebewesen in sich vereint.\" tabindex=\"0\">sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e1 bytost<\/span> \u010dlov\u011bk-lev. Barva k\u016f\u017ee rud\u00e1 nebo temn\u011b rud\u00e1 (mor, hore\u010dka, hv\u011bzda Mars). V novobabylonsk\u00e9 dob\u011b zobrazov\u00e1n tak\u00e9 s vozem ta\u017een\u00fdm b\u00fdkem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Funkce<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>P\u016fsobnost:<\/strong> Nergal byl vz\u00fdv\u00e1n v dob\u00e1ch moru a p\u0159ed bitvami, jeho letn\u00ed hlavn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek se shodoval s v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed sez\u00f3nou moru. Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 p\u0159ed bitvami stav\u011bli st\u00e9ly. V za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vac\u00edch ritu\u00e1lech byl z\u00e1rove\u0148 vz\u00fdv\u00e1n i ob\u00e1v\u00e1n (dvoj\u00ed funkce). Kuthu bylo poutn\u00edm c\u00edlem pro ritu\u00e1ly spojen\u00e9 se smrt\u00ed a uzdraven\u00edm. V osobn\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Die Gesamtheit der religi\u00f6sen Verehrungshandlungen f\u00fcr eine Gottheit oder heilige Gestalt.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span> byl vz\u00fdv\u00e1n i jako ochr\u00e1nce p\u0159ed zlo\u010dinci a loupe\u017en\u00edky na cest\u00e1ch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e9 prost\u0159edky<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kyj se lv\u00ed hlavou, dvojit\u00fd me\u010d, vysok\u00e1 korun\u0430, sedm doprovodn\u00fdch d\u00e9mon\u016f (Sebitti), lv\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ein Wesen, das Merkmale verschiedener Lebewesen in sich vereint.\" tabindex=\"0\">sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e1 bytost<\/span>, rud\u00e1 hv\u011bzda (Mars), vrcholn\u00e9 letn\u00ed horko. Rostliny: ho\u0159k\u00fd meloun, cesm\u00edna. Svat\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo: 7 (Sebitti).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely Nergala<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Erra<\/em> (akkadsk\u00fd, shodn\u00e9 rysy p\u0159ina\u0161e\u010de moru, vlastn\u00ed epos), <em>Re\u0161ef<\/em> (F\u00e9nicie\/Ugarit, mor a v\u00e1lka), <em>Apoll\u00f3n<\/em> (\u0158ecko, dvoj\u00ed aspekt p\u0159ina\u0161e\u010de moru a l\u00e9\u010ditele), <em>Mars<\/em> (\u0158\u00edm, astronomicky i v\u00e1le\u010dn\u011b identifikovan\u00fd), <em>Sechmet<\/em> (Egypt, p\u0159ina\u0161e\u010dka moru i l\u00e9\u010ditelka), <em>Indra<\/em> (hinduismus, v\u00e1lka a kosmick\u00e1 bitva), <em>T\u00fdr<\/em> (germ\u00e1nsk\u00fd, b\u016fh v\u00e1lky).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Praktick\u00e1 ochrana<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><h3>Apotropaick\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly proti Nergalovi<\/h3><p>Nergalova destruktivn\u00ed moc (mor, v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty, podsv\u011btn\u00ed osud) byla v mezopotamsk\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Die Gesamtheit der religi\u00f6sen Verehrungshandlungen f\u00fcr eine Gottheit oder heilige Gestalt.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span> v\u00e1z\u00e1na p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ein Bauwerk, das der Verehrung einer oder mehrerer Gottheiten dient.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mu<\/span> E-meslam v Kuthu pomoc\u00ed pravideln\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gabe an eine Gottheit, um Dank, Bitte oder Verehrung auszudr\u00fccken.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011bt\u00ed<\/span>, piva, ovc\u00ed, kadidla erin (cedr). Za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vac\u00ed s\u00e9rie \u0160urpu a Maql\u00fb (Lambert, <em>Babylonian Wisdom Literature<\/em>) dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly o\u010distn\u00e9ho ohn\u011b proti nemoci vyvolan\u00e9 Nergalem: nemocn\u00fd byl pomaz\u00e1n ln\u011bn\u00fdm olejem a hlin\u011bn\u00e1 figurka (Nergal-bin) byla sp\u00e1lena.<\/p><h3>Za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vac\u00ed formule<\/h3><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Das bittende oder beschw\u00f6rende Ansprechen einer Gottheit oder Macht.\" tabindex=\"0\">Vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> \u201eNergal pi-im-\u0161u-bal-li-ta\u201c (Nergale, obra\u0165 to slovo!) se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v akkadsk\u00e9 s\u00e9rii proti \u010darod\u011bjnictv\u00ed (Maql\u00fb VII, 32\u201346). V akkadsk\u00e9m Erra-eposu (tabulka I, 100\u2013150) vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed boh\u016f samotn\u00e9ho Nergala k sebeomezen\u00ed. Chr\u00e1mov\u00fd hymnus \u201eE-meslam \u0161u\u02bfgar-ra\u201c byl recitov\u00e1n p\u0159i novolun\u00ed, aby zm\u00edrnil jeho aktivitu.<\/p><h3>Amulety a ochrann\u00e9 symboly<\/h3><p>Apotropaick\u00e9 hlin\u011bn\u00e9 figurky se lv\u00ed hlavou (Nergalovo zv\u00ed\u0159e) byly zahrab\u00e1v\u00e1ny pod prahy dve\u0159\u00ed (srov. Wiggermann, <em>Mesopotamian Protective Spirits<\/em>). Pe\u010detn\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dky zobrazuj\u00ed \u201eNergal\u016fv <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ein Zeichen, das stellvertretend f\u00fcr eine Vorstellung oder Bedeutung steht.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>\u201c, standartu s dvojic\u00ed lv\u016f a \u017eezlo s knofl\u00edkem. Akkadsk\u00e9 st\u00e9ly proti moru z Uru (3. tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l., dnes v Britsk\u00e9m muzeu) nesou n\u00e1pisy vz\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed Nergala jako ochr\u00e1nce.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nergal, paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nergal se podob\u00e1 Aresovi (\u0158ecko) sv\u00fdm v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdm aspektem a s H\u00e1dem nebo Plutem sd\u00edl\u00ed vl\u00e1du nad podsv\u011bt\u00edm. S Apoll\u00f3nem ho spojuje sol\u00e1rn\u00ed, z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00e1 divokost.<\/p><p>V indick\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 vid\u011bt paralely s Rudrou nebo Jamou, divok\u00fdmi bohy, kte\u0159\u00ed udr\u017euj\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zk\u00e1zy. Jeho dvoj\u00ed role, ni\u010ditele naho\u0159e a vl\u00e1dce v podsv\u011bt\u00ed, z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed jednu z psychologicky nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch bo\u017estev starov\u011bku.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb75b108 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpb75b108\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp53527b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp53527b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nergal jako p\u00e1n podsv\u011bt\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp314942d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp314942d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp086173b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp086173b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nergal je jedn\u00edm z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch bo\u017estev mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9ho panteonu a po dlouhou dobu byl \u00fazce spojen s podsv\u011bt\u00edm. Jeho hlavn\u00edm kultovn\u00edm centrem bylo m\u011bsto Kutha na jihu Mezopot\u00e1mie, jeho\u017e byl m\u011bstsk\u00fdm bohem. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ein Bauwerk, das der Verehrung einer oder mehrerer Gottheiten dient.\" tabindex=\"0\">Chr\u00e1m<\/span> v Kuth\u011b se naz\u00fdval E-meslam a Nergal s\u00e1m byl \u010dasto vz\u00fdv\u00e1n pod p\u0159\u00edzviskem odvozen\u00fdm od tohoto <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ein Bauwerk, das der Verehrung einer oder mehrerer Gottheiten dient.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mu<\/span>.<\/p><p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm mytologick\u00fdm pramenem pro Nergalovu vl\u00e1du nad podsv\u011bt\u00edm je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Eine \u00fcberlieferte Erz\u00e4hlung \u00fcber G\u00f6tter, Urspr\u00fcnge und die Ordnung der Welt.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> o Nergalovi a Ere\u0161kigal, dochovan\u00fd v n\u011bkolika verz\u00edch, mezi nimi krat\u0161\u00ed z Amarny a rozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed z pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed doby.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Eine \u00fcberlieferte Erz\u00e4hlung \u00fcber G\u00f6tter, Urspr\u00fcnge und die Ordnung der Welt.\" tabindex=\"0\">M\u00fdtus<\/span> vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, jak Nergal sestupuje do podsv\u011bt\u00ed, do \u0159\u00ed\u0161e bohyn\u011b Ere\u0161kigal. Po zvratech, kter\u00e9 se ve verz\u00edch li\u0161\u00ed, se Nergal st\u00e1v\u00e1 man\u017eelem Ere\u0161kigal a t\u00edm spoluvl\u00e1dcem nebo vl\u00e1dcem podsv\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p><p>Tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh vysv\u011btluje, jak se Nergal, kter\u00fd m\u011bl p\u016fvodn\u011b i jin\u00e9 aspekty, trvale spojil s \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed mrtv\u00fdch. V\u011bda diskutuje, zda byl Nergal bohem podsv\u011bt\u00ed od po\u010d\u00e1tku, nebo zda se tato funkce upevnila teprve v pr\u016fb\u011bhu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Die Weitergabe von Wissen und Erz\u00e4hlungen \u00fcber Generationen.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span>.<\/p><p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee Nergal nebyl navzdory sv\u00e9 spojitosti se smrt\u00ed pouh\u00fdm bohem hr\u016fzy. Byl mu prokazov\u00e1n pravideln\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Die Gesamtheit der religi\u00f6sen Verehrungshandlungen f\u00fcr eine Gottheit oder heilige Gestalt.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span>, byl vz\u00fdv\u00e1n a st\u00e1l v pevn\u00e9m vztahu k dal\u0161\u00edm boh\u016fm. Mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed neznalo striktn\u00ed hranici mezi mocnostmi uct\u00edvan\u00fdmi a mocnostmi ob\u00e1van\u00fdmi. Kdo chce sledovat samotnou vl\u00e1dkyni podsv\u011bt\u00ed, najde u <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145283\">Ere\u0161kigal<\/a> protistranu tohoto <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Eine \u00fcberlieferte Erz\u00e4hlung \u00fcber G\u00f6tter, Urspr\u00fcnge und die Ordnung der Welt.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp23c6516 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp23c6516\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d79aec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2d79aec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nergal jako b\u016fh v\u00e1lky a moru<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa91f230 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa91f230\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp95d778c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp95d778c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vedle sv\u00e9 role vl\u00e1dce podsv\u011bt\u00ed m\u011bl Nergal je\u0161t\u011b druh\u00fd, s t\u00edm \u00fazce spjat\u00fd profil: byl bohem n\u00e1siln\u00e9 smrti, v\u00e1lky, moru a ni\u010div\u00e9ho letn\u00edho \u017e\u00e1ru. Tyto aspekty spolu logicky souvis\u00ed, proto\u017ee v\u0161echny p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed hromadnou smrt, a smrt vede do Nergalovy \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.<\/p><p>V hymnech a za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00edch vystupuje Nergal jako ob\u00e1van\u00e1 moc, kter\u00e1 pos\u00edl\u00e1 mor a hore\u010dku. Mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e1 p\u0159edstava spojovala ur\u010dit\u00e9 nemoci s bo\u017esk\u00fdm p\u016fsoben\u00edm a Nergal byl jedn\u00edm z bo\u017estev, kter\u00fdm se p\u0159isuzovaly epidemie.<\/p><p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 jej vz\u00fdvat, aby pr\u00e1v\u011b tato nebezpe\u010d\u00ed odvr\u00e1til, co\u017e je typick\u00fd vzorec mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed: tat\u00e1\u017e moc, kter\u00e1 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, ho m\u016f\u017ee i odvracet.<\/p><p>Jako b\u016fh v\u00e1lky byl Nergal vz\u00fdv\u00e1n kr\u00e1li, kte\u0159\u00ed sv\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 v\u00fdpravy stav\u011bli pod jeho ochranu. Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 n\u00e1pisy jej uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed mezi bohy, kte\u0159\u00ed vl\u00e1dci prop\u016fj\u010duj\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed a por\u00e1\u017e\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1tele. V t\u00e9to funkci st\u00e1l \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vedle jin\u00fdch boh\u016f v\u00e1lky, jako byl Ninurta, s n\u00edm\u017e v n\u011bkter\u00fdch textech sd\u00edl\u00ed rysy.<\/p><p>Astronomicky byl Nergal identifikov\u00e1n s planetou Mars, jeho\u017e \u010dervenav\u00e1 barva byla v mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9m v\u00fdkladu spojov\u00e1na s krv\u00ed, v\u00e1lkou a ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00edm.<\/p><p>Toto ztoto\u017en\u011bn\u00ed bylo tak pevn\u00e9, \u017ee p\u0159es \u0159ecko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fsobilo d\u00e1l v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch astrologick\u00fdch tradic\u00edch. V\u011bda vid\u00ed v p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed k Marsu dobr\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad toho, jak mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed nebe p\u0159ej\u00edmalo a systematizovalo mytologick\u00fd obsah.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc32216d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpc32216d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpee082c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpee082c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ikonografie a hmotn\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp592a0ef e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp592a0ef\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp728b57d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp728b57d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Obrazov\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed Nergala nelze v\u017edy jednozna\u010dn\u011b ur\u010dit, proto\u017ee mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e1 ikonografie boh\u016f se \u010dasto op\u00edr\u00e1 o atributy, nikoli o individu\u00e1ln\u00ed rysy tv\u00e1\u0159e. Nergal je ve v\u00fdzkumu identifikov\u00e1n p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ur\u010dit\u00fdch symbol\u016f a doprovodn\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at.<\/p><p>Charakteristick\u00fdm atributem Nergala je kyj nebo zahnut\u00e1 h\u016fl, n\u011bkdy zdoben\u00e1 dvojic\u00ed lv\u00edch hlav. Lev pat\u0159\u00ed k jeho nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm symbolick\u00fdm zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm a zd\u016fraz\u0148uje jeho n\u00e1silnou, drav\u010d\u00ed povahu. Na pe\u010det\u00edch a reli\u00e9fech se objevuje ob\u010das jako ozbrojen\u00e9, kr\u00e1\u010dej\u00edc\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ein als g\u00f6ttlich verehrtes Wesen innerhalb einer Religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>.<\/p><p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed postaven\u00ed zauj\u00edm\u00e1 slavn\u00e1 terakotov\u00e1 plastika, kter\u00e1 je \u010dasto, by\u0165 nikoli nesporn\u011b, spojov\u00e1na s okruhem Nergala: takzvan\u00fd Burney\u016fv <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Eine aus einer Fl\u00e4che herausgearbeitete, plastisch erhabene Darstellung.\" tabindex=\"0\">reli\u00e9f<\/span>, nebo Kr\u00e1lovna noci, starobabylonsk\u00e1 terakotov\u00e1 deska zobrazuj\u00edc\u00ed ok\u0159\u00eddlenou bohyni s pta\u010d\u00edmi nohami mezi dv\u011bma lvy a dv\u011bma sovami.<\/p><p>Identifikace t\u00e9to postavy je ve v\u00fdzkumu sporn\u00e1, navrhov\u00e1ny byly mimo jin\u00e9 Ere\u0161kigal a I\u0161tar. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Eine aus einer Fl\u00e4che herausgearbeitete, plastisch erhabene Darstellung.\" tabindex=\"0\">Reli\u00e9f<\/span> v ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b odkazuje na obrazov\u00fd okruh podsv\u011bt\u00ed a no\u010dn\u00ed moci, k n\u011bmu\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed i Nergal.<\/p><p>Hmotn\u011b je Nergal\u016fv <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Die Gesamtheit der religi\u00f6sen Verehrungshandlungen f\u00fcr eine Gottheit oder heilige Gestalt.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> dosv\u011bd\u010den chr\u00e1mov\u00fdmi n\u00e1pisy, votivn\u00edmi dary, za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vac\u00edmi texty a kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdmi n\u00e1pisy z n\u011bkolika stalet\u00ed. Dlouh\u00e1 historie jeho chr\u00e1mu v Kuth\u011b a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jeho jm\u00e9na v osobn\u00edch jm\u00e9nech ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee Nergal nebyl teologickou okrajovou postavou, n\u00fdbr\u017e <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ein als g\u00f6ttlich verehrtes Wesen innerhalb einer Religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvem<\/span> p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b, jemu\u017e byla p\u0159isuzov\u00e1na moc nad \u017eivotem a smrt\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3f3c96f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp3f3c96f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf6a3842 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf6a3842\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nergal v biblick\u00e9 tradici a v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch v\u00fdzkumu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7cbb0dc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp7cbb0dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp92b609a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp92b609a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nergal se dostal a\u017e do hebrejsk\u00e9 Bible. Ve druh\u00e9 knize Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 se v souvislosti s n\u00e1rody p\u0159es\u00eddlen\u00fdmi do Sama\u0159\u00ed po p\u00e1du severn\u00edho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee obyvatel\u00e9 K\u00faty s sebou p\u0159inesli a d\u00e1le uct\u00edvali sv\u00e9ho boha Nergala.<\/p><p>Tato stru\u010dn\u00e1 zm\u00ednka je z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska cenn\u00e1, proto\u017ee ukazuje, jak \u00fazce z\u016fstal b\u016fh spojen se sv\u00fdm m\u011bstem a jak se kulty st\u011bhovaly spole\u010dn\u011b s obyvatelstvem.<\/p><p>V modern\u00edm b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed byl Nergal zkoum\u00e1n od rozlu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kl\u00ednov\u00e9ho p\u00edsma v 19. stolet\u00ed. Star\u0161\u00ed asyriologov\u00e9 ho rychle za\u0159adili jako boha podsv\u011bt\u00ed a marsovskou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>.<\/p><p>Nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum obraz zp\u0159esnil a zd\u016fraz\u0148uje mnohovrstevnatost t\u00e9to postavy. Nergala nelze redukovat na jedinou funkci, n\u00fdbr\u017e spojuje podsv\u011bt\u00ed, v\u00e1lku, mor a slune\u010dn\u00ed \u017e\u00e1r do souvisl\u00e9ho profilu.<\/p><p>Diskutovan\u00fdm t\u00e9matem je vztah Nergala k dal\u0161\u00edm boh\u016fm, se kter\u00fdmi je v pramenech \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b ztoto\u017e\u0148ov\u00e1n nebo spojov\u00e1n, nap\u0159\u00edklad s Errou, bohem moru a zk\u00e1zy, jemu\u017e je v\u011bnov\u00e1no samostatn\u00e9 liter\u00e1rn\u00ed d\u00edlo, Erra epos.<\/p><p>Zda byli Erra a Nergal p\u016fvodn\u011b odd\u011blen\u00fdmi postavami, nebo dv\u011bma jm\u00e9ny t\u00e9\u017ee mocnosti, nen\u00ed v b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed jednozna\u010dn\u011b vy\u0159e\u0161eno.<\/p><p>Religionistick\u00fd v\u00fdznam Nergala spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee na n\u011bm lze uchopit mezopotamskou p\u0159edstavu, podle n\u00ed\u017e smrt, n\u00e1sil\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edly nestoj\u00ed mimo bo\u017esk\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d, ale spravuje je pojmenovateln\u00e9 a vz\u00fdvateln\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145283\">Ere\u0161kigal, man\u017eelka v podsv\u011bt\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145109\">Mezopot\u00e1mie, p\u0159ehled panteonu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145235\">Bohov\u00e9 podsv\u011bt\u00ed, podkategorie<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145205\">Bohov\u00e9, p\u0159ehled t\u0159\u00edd<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prameny a literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Cagni, Luigi: <em>L&rsquo;epopea di Erra<\/em>. \u0158\u00edm 1969 (standardn\u00ed vyd\u00e1n\u00ed).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Lambert, Wilfred G.: <em>Babylonian Wisdom Literature<\/em>. Oxford 1960.<\/span><\/li><li>Walde, Christine (ed.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (heslo &bdquo;Nergal&ldquo;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dal\u0161\u00ed standardn\u00ed d\u00edla v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145257\">seznamu literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1736,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Nergal","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Nergal \u2013 b\u016fh v\u00e1lky a vl\u00e1dce podsv\u011bt\u00ed v Mezopot\u00e1mii","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Nergal, b\u016fh v\u00e1lky a vl\u00e1dce podsv\u011bt\u00ed Mezopot\u00e1mie. Chr\u00e1m v Kuth\u011b, s\u0148atek s Ere\u0161kigal, spoluvl\u00e1dce Irkally a \u0159\u00e1d smrti.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"4","wesen_kultur":"mesopotamien","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145276","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Nergal \u2013 b\u016fh v\u00e1lky a vl\u00e1dce podsv\u011bt\u00ed v Mezopot\u00e1mii<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nergal, b\u016fh v\u00e1lky a vl\u00e1dce podsv\u011bt\u00ed Mezopot\u00e1mie. 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