{"id":145248,"date":"2026-09-03T16:28:29","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:28:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145248"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:50:56","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:50:56","slug":"charon","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/charon\/","title":{"rendered":"Charon"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145248\" class=\"elementor elementor-145248 elementor-1892 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charon, b\u016fh \u0159eck\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Charon je b\u016fh \u0159eck\u00e9 tradice.<\/p><p>P\u0159evozn\u00edk podsv\u011bt\u00ed, str\u00e1\u017ece posledn\u00ed hranice mezi \u017eivotem a smrt\u00ed. Charon p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017e\u00ed du\u0161e zem\u0159el\u00fdch p\u0159es \u0159eky <em>Styx<\/em> a <em>Acher\u00f3n<\/em> do \u0159\u00ed\u0161e H\u00e1dovy, je to povinnost, nikoli volba, a takov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 bez obolu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nespln\u011bna.<\/p><p>Nen\u00ed samotnou smrt\u00ed, ale z\u00e1rukou jej\u00ed nezvratnosti: jednou na Charonov\u011b lodi ji\u017e nen\u00ed n\u00e1vratu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh \/ bohyn\u011b: Personifikovan\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc v panteonu dan\u00e9 kultury, s jasn\u011b vymezen\u00fdmi oblastmi p\u016fsobnosti \u2013 silami p\u0159\u00edrody, osudem, v\u00e1lkou, plodnost\u00ed. Uct\u00edvan\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kult\u016f, ob\u011bt\u00ed a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch instituc\u00ed.\">B\u016fh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145121\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a mytologie starov\u011bk\u00e9ho \u0158ecka od myk\u00e9nsk\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed a\u017e po pozdn\u00ed antiku.\">\u0158ecko<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145235\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bohov\u00e9 podsv\u011bt\u00ed a smrti, vl\u00e1dci z\u00e1hrob\u00ed, soudci mrtv\u00fdch, pr\u016fvodci du\u0161\u00ed.\">Bo\u017estvo mrtv\u00fdch<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_charon-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1580\" alt=\"Charon\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_charon-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_charon-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_charon-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_charon.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159ehled: Charon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> \u0158eck\u00e1 mytologick\u00e1 postava, p\u0159evozn\u00edk mrtv\u00fdch<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteon<\/span>: \u0158ecko (podsv\u011bt\u00ed), p\u0159evzato do \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 tradice<br>Funkce: P\u0159ev\u00e1\u017e\u00ed zem\u0159el\u00e9 p\u0159es \u0159eku Acher\u00f3n\/Styx do \u0159\u00ed\u0161e H\u00e1dovy<br>Hlavn\u00ed atributy: veslo nebo ty\u010d, opot\u0159ebovan\u00fd \u010dlun, vyz\u00e1bl\u00e1 postava<br>Hlavn\u00ed kultovn\u00ed m\u00edsta: \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1my<\/span>; p\u0159\u00edtomen v poh\u0159ebn\u00ed praxi (Charon\u016fv obolos)<br>Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed: v\u00e1zov\u00e1 malba, sarkof\u00e1gov\u00e9 reli\u00e9fy, Lukianovy dialogy<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Charon je dolo\u017een od po\u010d\u00e1tku 6. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. liter\u00e1rn\u011b (v h\u00e9siodovsk\u00fdch textech) i v\u00fdtvarn\u011b (na attick\u00fdch v\u00e1z\u00e1ch). Hlavn\u00ed rozkv\u011bt obrazov\u00e9 tradice: 5. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. (klasick\u00e1 attick\u00e1 v\u00e1zov\u00e1 malba).<\/p><p>V \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 dob\u011b ho v 6. knize <em>Aeneis<\/em> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1le\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed k pevn\u011b stanoven\u00e9mu souboru svat\u00fdch text\u016f n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed; nekanonick\u00e9 texty se pova\u017euj\u00ed za apokryfn\u00ed.\">kanonicky<\/span> popsal Vergilius. Lukianovy dialogy mrtv\u00fdch (2. stolet\u00ed n. l.) z n\u011bj u\u010dinily nejlidov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postavu podsv\u011bt\u00ed. V byzantsk\u00e9m k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed se dochoval jako <em>Charos<\/em> (personifikace smrti).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Charon nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed kultovn\u00ed m\u00edsta, je to postava m\u00fdtu a poh\u0159ebn\u00ed praxe. Jeho roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed se ale projevuje v rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 a \u0159eck\u00e9 poh\u0159ebn\u00ed praxi: v podob\u011b <em>Charonova obolu<\/em> (mince, kterou zem\u0159el\u00e9mu vkl\u00e1dali do \u00fasta nebo na oko, aby zaplatil za p\u0159evoz).<\/p><p>Archeologicky je dolo\u017eeno tis\u00edce takov\u00fdch minc\u00ed. V novo\u0159eck\u00e9m lidov\u00e9m p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed (Charos) je p\u0159\u00edtomen dodnes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hlavn\u00ed prameny: H\u00e9siodos (fragment\u00e1rn\u011b), Aischylos (<em>Sieben gegen Theben<\/em>), Aristofan\u00e9s (<em>Die Fr\u00f6sche<\/em>, v. 180 a n\u00e1sl., komick\u00e1 sc\u00e9na s Charonem), Vergilius <em>Aeneis<\/em> VI 295\u2013330, Lukianos <em>Totengespr\u00e4che<\/em>. Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed literatura: Sourvinou-Inwood, <em>&#8222;Reading&#8220; Greek Death<\/em>; Garland, <em>The Greek Way of Death<\/em>; Dietrich, <em>Tradition in Greek Religion<\/em>; Stevens, <em>Charon&#8217;s Obol and Other Coins in Ancient Funerary Practice<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ozna\u010den\u00ed a zp\u016fsoby psan\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u0158ecky:<\/strong> \u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd (Ch\u00e1r\u00f3n). Etymologie je sporn\u00e1, mo\u017en\u00e9 odvozen\u00ed od *gher- (\u201ejisk\u0159it, ho\u0159et\u201c nebo \u201e\u017eluto\u0161ed\u00e1 barva\u201c), p\u0159\u00edbuznost se slovem Charis (milost) v\u011bt\u0161ina filolog\u016f odm\u00edt\u00e1. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00fd prot\u011bj\u0161ek: Charon (p\u0159evzato z \u0159e\u010dtiny beze zm\u011bny).<\/p><p>Etrusk\u00fd: <em>Charun<\/em>, s v\u00fdrazn\u011b agresivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed povahou, ozbrojen\u00fd hadem a kladivem, m\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159evozn\u00edk, v\u00edce str\u00e1\u017ece a trestatel. P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 postavy: Hermes Psychopompos (pr\u016fvodce du\u0161\u00ed do podsv\u011bt\u00ed, ale nikoliv samotn\u00fd p\u0159evozn\u00edk); Thanatos (personifikovan\u00e1 smrt, bratr Hypna).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charakteristiky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Vzhled<\/h3><p>Charon je zobrazov\u00e1n jako star\u00fd, vyhubl\u00fd mu\u017e se stroh\u00fdm vousem a tvrd\u00fdm, nemilosrdn\u00fdm v\u00fdrazem. Nos\u00ed tmav\u00fd, vybledl\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nebo roztrhan\u00fd chit\u00f3n, \u010dasto s k\u00e1p\u00ed. Jeho atributy jsou jednoduch\u00e9 a funk\u010dn\u00ed: dlouh\u00fd d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fd h\u00e1\u010dek na lo\u010f (nebo veslo), ob\u010das i ty\u010d jako p\u0159evozn\u00edkova h\u016fl.<\/p><p>Samotn\u00e1 lo\u010f je \u00fazk\u00e1 a skromn\u00e1, srouben\u00e1 z prken, bez plachty, jen veslo nebo ty\u010d ur\u010duj\u00ed jej\u00ed sm\u011br. Na v\u00e1zov\u00fdch malb\u00e1ch Charon \u010dasto sed\u00ed v lodi masivn\u011b, cestuj\u00edc\u00ed jsou zobrazeni skr\u010den\u00ed nebo stoj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p><h3>Podstata a p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/h3><p>Na rozd\u00edl od spravedliv\u00e9ho, ale vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho H\u00e1da je Charon s doprovodem mrtv\u00fdch spjat nejbezprost\u0159edn\u011bji. Nevyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1, jeho pravidlo je jednoduch\u00e9: obolos, nebo nic. Kdo p\u0159ijde bez mince, bloud\u00ed sto let na b\u0159ehu tohoto sv\u011bta, doprov\u00e1zen Thanatem (smrt\u00ed) nebo Hermem, ale nep\u0159evezen.<\/p><p>Jeho netrp\u011blivost je legend\u00e1rn\u00ed; v Aristofanov\u00fdch \u201eFr\u00f6sche\u201c je karikov\u00e1n jako mrzut\u00fd sta\u0159\u00edk, kter\u00fd si horliv\u011b po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 mince obolos. P\u0159esto se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed striktn\u00edmi pravidly, \u017eiv\u00e9 nem\u016f\u017ee vz\u00edt s sebou a i b\u016fh Hermes s n\u00edm mus\u00ed jednat.<\/p><h3>Vzhled a symbolika<\/h3><p>Charon je typicky zobrazov\u00e1n jako zarputil\u00fd star\u0161\u00ed mu\u017e s divok\u00fdmi vlasy a vousem, \u010dasto s ok\u0159\u00eddlen\u00fdmi sand\u00e1ly (jako Hermes). Nos\u00ed veslo nebo ty\u010d, kterou \u0159\u00edd\u00ed sv\u016fj \u010dlun p\u0159es Styx. Jeho od\u011bv je obno\u0161en\u00fd, u\u0161pin\u011bn\u00fd, nikoli n\u00e1dhern\u00e9 roucho Olympan\u016f.<\/p><p>Samotn\u00fd Styx, \u0159eka podsv\u011bt\u00ed, je jeho atributem. Na v\u00e1zov\u00fdch malb\u00e1ch b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dasto zobrazen spole\u010dn\u011b s Hermem Psychopompem (pr\u016fvodcem du\u0161\u00ed), v p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 konkurenci nebo spolupr\u00e1ci o du\u0161e. Jeho barva byla temn\u00e1, pohled st\u00e1le up\u0159en\u00fd vp\u0159ed na dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klad.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Charon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekty Charona v p\u0159ehledu. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed pole shrnuj\u00ed p\u016fvod, funkci, vzhled, v\u00fdskyt, symboly a paralely.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tradice<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Charon je synem Nyx (Noci) a Erebu (temnoty podsv\u011bt\u00ed), jednoho z prvopo\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch daimon\u016f. Bratr Thanata (smrti), Hypna (sp\u00e1nku) a Eridy (sv\u00e1ru). N\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed ke generaci p\u0159edolympsk\u00fdch osudov\u00fdch bytost\u00ed.<\/p><p>Jeho oblast p\u016fsobnosti je p\u0159esn\u011b vymezena: jeho jedinou \u00falohou je p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eet p\u0159es \u0159eku Acher\u00f3n, resp. Styx. Pro nepoh\u0159ben\u00e9 mrtv\u00e9 je nedostupn\u00fd (epizoda s Palinurem v Aeneid\u011b).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charonova funkce<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u010cist\u011b p\u0159evoznick\u00e1 funkce. Bere zem\u0159el\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed byli \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b poh\u0159beni a nos\u00ed na jazyku p\u0159evozn\u00ed minci (<em>obolos<\/em>), a p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017e\u00ed je na druh\u00fd b\u0159eh Acher\u00f3ntu nebo Styxu.<\/p><p>Kdo nem\u00e1 obolos nebo zem\u0159el bez poh\u0159bu, mus\u00ed \u010dekat sto let na b\u0159ehu tohoto sv\u011bta. Nen\u00ed soudcem ani pr\u016fvodcem, je \u010dist\u011b p\u0159epravn\u00edm \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edkem. Povahou mrzut\u00fd a ne\u00faplatn\u00fd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charon\u016fv vzhled<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Huben\u00e1, vousat\u00e1 postava starce s nehybn\u00fdm, v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm v\u00fdrazem tv\u00e1\u0159e. Sp\u00ed\u0161e d\u00e9monick\u00fd ne\u017e bo\u017esk\u00fd. <em>Veslo<\/em> nebo dlouh\u00e1 <em>ty\u010d<\/em> v ruce, kterou odstrk\u00e1v\u00e1 pr\u00e1m.<\/p><p>Nos\u00ed jednoduchou kr\u00e1tkou bedern\u00ed rou\u0161ku, \u010dasto s k\u00f3nickou \u0161pi\u010datou \u010depic\u00ed (<em>pilos<\/em>). Pr\u00e1m je jednoduch\u00fd ploch\u00fd \u010dlun. Ve v\u00e1zov\u00e9 malb\u011b je \u010dasto zobrazen spole\u010dn\u011b s Hermem Psychopompem, kter\u00fd mu p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1 du\u0161e zem\u0159el\u00fdch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charonova \u00facta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>P\u016fsobnost:<\/strong> Charon nem\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span>, je v\u0161ak adres\u00e1tem nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed poh\u0159ebn\u00ed praxe: Charonova mince (<em>obol<\/em>, v \u0158\u00edm\u011b <em>obolus<\/em>).<\/p><p>Tis\u00edce takov\u00fdch minc\u00ed byly zdokumentov\u00e1ny v \u0159eck\u00fdch, hel\u00e9nistick\u00fdch a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch hrobech od 6. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e do 4. stolet\u00ed n. l. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch regionech byl zem\u0159el\u00fd poh\u0159ben se dv\u011bma mincemi (jedna na oko, jedna na \u00fasta). V novo\u0159eck\u00e9m lidov\u00e9m vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed je jako <em>Charos<\/em> \u017eiv\u00fd dodnes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charonovy symboly<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Veslo, ty\u010d, pr\u00e1m, mince (obol), bedern\u00ed rou\u0161ka, k\u00f3nick\u00e1 \u0161pi\u010dat\u00e1 \u010depice (pilos), vousat\u00e1 tv\u00e1\u0159 starce. Svat\u00e9 vody: Acheron, Styx (v n\u011bkter\u00fdch tradic\u00edch tak\u00e9 L\u00e9th\u00e9 a Kokytos). Svat\u00e9 rostliny: asfodel (kv\u011btina podsv\u011btn\u00edch luk). Svat\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo: 1 obol jako tarif.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 bytosti<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Charos\/Charon<\/em> (novo\u0159eck\u00e1 tradice, personifikace smrti), <em>Anubis<\/em> (Egypt, pr\u016fvod du\u0161\u00ed), <em>Hermes Psychopompos<\/em> (\u0158ecko, pr\u016fvod du\u0161\u00ed, p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1 je Charonovi), <em>Jama<\/em> (hinduismus, soudce mrtv\u00fdch a prvn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce), <em>Mictlantecuhtli<\/em> (azt\u00e9ck\u00e1 tradice, vl\u00e1dce podsv\u011bt\u00ed Mictlan), <em>Hel<\/em> (germ\u00e1nsk\u00e1 tradice). Specifick\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> p\u0159evozn\u00edka se objevuje tak\u00e9 u: <em>Sucellos<\/em> (keltsk\u00e1 tradice, s kladivem u p\u0159echodu podobn\u00e9ho Acheronu), v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stopy u <em>Jamy<\/em> (v tibetsk\u00fdch <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"V tibetsk\u00e9m buddhismu p\u0159echodn\u00fd stav mezi dv\u011bma existencemi; Bardo Th\u00f6dol popisuje f\u00e1zi po smrti.\">bardo<\/span> p\u0159edstav\u00e1ch).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Charonova p\u0159\u00edtomnost byla v \u0159ecko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultu\u0159e smrti v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1, ale nikoli d\u00edky <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slouz\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m\u016fm<\/span> nebo velk\u00fdm slavnostem, n\u00fdbr\u017e d\u00edky ka\u017edodenn\u00edm poh\u0159ebn\u00edm formalit\u00e1m.<\/p><p>Zvyk obolu byl z\u00e1sadn\u00ed: p\u0159i poh\u0159bu obdr\u017eel zem\u0159el\u00fd mince (obvykle mal\u00fd danake nebo obolus), kter\u00e1 byla um\u00edst\u011bna na \u00fasta, pod jazyk nebo na o\u010di. Ne\u0161lo o magick\u00e9 ob\u011btov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale o pr\u00e1vn\u00ed princip, bez mince nemohl Charon du\u0161i leg\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159epravit a musel ji odm\u00edtnout.<\/p><p>Kdo nem\u011bl rodinu nebo byl p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 chud\u00fd na zaplacen\u00ed obolu, hrozilo mu sto let bloud\u011bn\u00ed. To vedlo ke vzniku ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch poh\u0159ebn\u00edch fond\u016f (zejm\u00e9na v Ath\u00e9n\u00e1ch), aby ani bezectn\u00ed nebyli vylou\u010deni z posmrtn\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/p><p>Na v\u00e1z\u00e1ch (zejm\u00e9na l\u00e9kythoi, v\u00e1z\u00e1ch pro poh\u0159ebn\u00ed ob\u011bti) byl Charon zobrazov\u00e1n k vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed samotn\u00e9 cesty. Truchl\u00edc\u00ed tyto v\u00e1zy ukl\u00e1dali do hrobu nebo je pou\u017e\u00edvali p\u0159i periodick\u00fdch posmrtn\u00fdch hostin\u00e1ch (perideipna). Charonova p\u0159\u00edtomnost symbolizovala, \u017ee zem\u0159el\u00ed nejsou ztraceni, ale proch\u00e1zej\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fdm p\u0159evozem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charon, paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u0158\u00edmsk\u00e1 tradice:<\/strong> Charon je p\u0159evzat beze zm\u011bny. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 poh\u0159ebn\u00ed ob\u0159ady (Lemuria, Parentalia) sleduj\u00ed stejn\u00fd princip obolu. Vergilius Charona pevn\u011b zakotvuje v latinsk\u00e9 literatu\u0159e a u\u010din\u00ed z n\u011bj <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou my\u0161lenku nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> nemilosrdn\u00e9 hranice mezi t\u00edmto a on\u00edm sv\u011btem.<\/p><h3>Etrusk\u00e1 tradice<\/h3><em>Charun<\/em> je agresivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u010dasto zobrazov\u00e1n s ranami, hadem a kladivem, m\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159evozn\u00edk ne\u017e str\u00e1\u017ece a trestatel. Etrusk\u00e9 sarkof\u00e1gov\u00e9 reli\u00e9fy jej \u010dasto zobrazuj\u00ed ve sc\u00e9n\u00e1ch p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed du\u0161\u00ed, \u010dasto ve spole\u010dnosti jin\u00fdch podsv\u011btn\u00edch d\u00e9mon\u016f. Etrusk\u00e1 interpretace ovlivnila pozdn\u00ed \u0159\u00edmskou p\u0159edstavu o podsv\u011bt\u00ed.<p><strong>Mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e1 tradice:<\/strong> An-na, akkadsk\u00fd p\u0159evozn\u00edk podsv\u011bt\u00ed, pln\u00ed podobnou funkci. Materi\u00e1l je v\u0161ak jen m\u00e1lo zachovan\u00fd a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd historick\u00fd vliv nen\u00ed potvrzen. Funk\u010dn\u011b je v\u0161ak princip stejn\u00fd: \u0159eka odd\u011bluj\u00edc\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, p\u0159evozn\u00edk spr\u00e1vcuj\u00edc\u00ed hranici.<\/p><p><strong>Egyptsk\u00e1 tradice:<\/strong> Egyptsk\u00fd p\u0159evoz du\u0161\u00ed se li\u0161il z\u00e1sadn\u011b: du\u0161e byla p\u0159epravov\u00e1na slune\u010dn\u00ed b\u00e1rkou, nikoli jednoduch\u00fdm \u010dlunem. Anubis jako pr\u016fvodce du\u0161\u00ed je sp\u00ed\u0161e srovnateln\u00fd s Hermem Psychopompem. Pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159ecko-egyptsk\u00e9 synkretismy (nap\u0159. v graeco-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b) v\u0161ak ukazuj\u00ed prol\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed: Charon mohl b\u00fdt ch\u00e1p\u00e1n jako ekvivalent Anubise.<\/p><p><strong>Germ\u00e1nsk\u00e1 tradice:<\/strong> Hel, vl\u00e1dkyn\u011b podsv\u011bt\u00ed, p\u0159epravuje mrtv\u00e9, ale bez samostatn\u00e9ho p\u0159evozn\u00edka. Materi\u00e1l je chud\u00fd; postavy podobn\u00e9 Charonovi nejsou v seversk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed mezi generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici<\/span> jasn\u011b dolo\u017eeny.<\/p><p><strong>\u0160amansk\u00e9 a asijsk\u00e9 tradice:<\/strong> Mnoho kultur m\u00e1 \u0159e\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159evozn\u00edky nebo hroby, kter\u00e9 pln\u00ed podobnou funkci hranice (japonsk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v dan\u00e9 kultu\u0159e.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span>, taoistick\u00e1 architektura podsv\u011bt\u00ed). P\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 souvislosti jsou spekulativn\u00ed, ale <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> \u201ehranice = \u0159eka, p\u0159evozn\u00edk = str\u00e1\u017ece pravidel\u201c je univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9bb9e41 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9bb9e41\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1d46d0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp1d46d0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Obolus: mince v \u00fastech mrtv\u00fdch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbb217de e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpbb217de\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb9aa08b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpb9aa08b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>S Char\u00f3nem je spojen jeden z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch poh\u0159ebn\u00edch zvyk\u016f antick\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, vkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed mince jako mzdy za p\u0159evoz.<\/p><p>Liter\u00e1rn\u00ed prameny, od Aristofanovy komedie <em>\u017d\u00e1by<\/em> a\u017e po Luki\u00e1na, mluv\u00ed o <em>naulon<\/em> nebo <em>danak\u0113<\/em>, pen\u00edz\u00edch, kter\u00e9 Char\u00f3n za p\u0159eplavbu p\u0159es podsv\u011btn\u00ed \u0159eky po\u017eadoval. Kdo nemohl zaplatit, m\u011bl podle t\u00e9to p\u0159edstavy z\u016fstat \u010dekat na b\u0159ehu.<\/p><p>Archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy jsou ov\u0161em mnohem slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e nazna\u010duje popul\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u0159edstava o \u201eobolu pod jazykem\u201c. Mince v hrobech se v \u0159eck\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b objevuj\u00ed od klasick\u00e9 doby, ale zdaleka ne v\u0161ude. Nach\u00e1zej\u00ed se bu\u010f v \u00fastech, v ruce, nebo rozsypan\u00e9 po hrob\u011b.<\/p><p>V n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech a dob\u00e1ch je tento zvyk b\u011b\u017en\u00fd, v jin\u00fdch t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nezn\u00e1m\u00fd. B\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad pr\u00e1ce Susan Stevens, uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee v\u00fdklad ka\u017ed\u00e9 jednotliv\u00e9 mince jako Char\u00f3novy mzdy je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 z\u00fa\u017een\u00fd. Mince se do hrobu mohly dostat i jako hodnotn\u00fd dar, ochrann\u00e9 znamen\u00ed nebo z jin\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f.<\/p><p>Souvislost nicm\u00e9n\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1. Liter\u00e1rn\u00ed tradice a \u010d\u00e1st archeologick\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u016f se vz\u00e1jemn\u011b podporuj\u00ed. Zvyk se v \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 dob\u011b pon\u011bkud roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il a dozn\u00edv\u00e1 a\u017e do <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159echodn\u00e1 epocha mezi antikou a st\u0159edov\u011bkem, zhruba 3. a\u017e 7. stolet\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">pozdn\u00ed antiky<\/span>.<\/p><p>Pro d\u011bjiny n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed je tento p\u0159\u00edpad instruktivn\u00ed: ukazuje, jak se vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00e1 p\u0159edstava a hmotn\u00e1 praxe vz\u00e1jemn\u011b posiluj\u00ed, ani\u017e by praxe kdy zcela a jednotn\u011b vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1sledovala. Propast mezi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtem<\/span> a n\u00e1lezem je zde sama p\u0159edm\u011btem badatelsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6c42b5a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp6c42b5a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7c17871 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp7c17871\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ikonografie: od hrub\u00e9ho starce ke ok\u0159\u00eddlen\u00e9mu d\u00e9monovi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp480c280 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp480c280\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa5d097e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa5d097e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Char\u00f3novo zobrazen\u00ed se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, zhruba 800 p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">antiky<\/span> podstatn\u011b prom\u011bnilo. V \u0159eck\u00e9m v\u00e1zov\u00e9m mal\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed 5. a 4. stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed Kristem, zejm\u00e9na na b\u00edle malovan\u00fdch <em>l\u00e9kythech<\/em>, se objevuje jako vousat\u00fd, \u010dasto chud\u011b od\u011bn\u00fd p\u0159evozn\u00edk s veslem nebo ty\u010d\u00ed, \u010dekaj\u00edc\u00ed v mal\u00e9m \u010dlunu u r\u00e1kosov\u00e9ho b\u0159ehu.<\/p><p>Je mrzut\u00fd, ale ne skute\u010dn\u011b d\u011bsiv\u00fd, sp\u00ed\u0161e zasmu\u0161il\u00fd \u0159emesln\u00edk posmrtn\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.<\/p><p>Etrusk\u00e1 tradice z n\u011bj vytvo\u0159ila zcela jinou postavu. Etrusk\u00fd d\u00e9mon smrti <em>Charun<\/em>, jeho\u017e jm\u00e9no je p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 \u0159eck\u00e9mu Char\u00f3novi, se objevuje na n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00fdch malb\u00e1ch etrusk\u00fdch hrobek a na urn\u00e1ch s popelem jako hroziv\u00e1 postava s velk\u00fdm kladivem, n\u011bkdy se zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edma u\u0161ima, modrou nebo bledou plet\u00ed a hady.<\/p><p>Nen\u00ed pouh\u00fdm p\u0159evozn\u00edkem, ale n\u00e1siln\u00fdm pr\u016fvodcem mrtv\u00fdch.<\/p><p>V \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 dob\u011b se ob\u011b tradice slily. P\u0159edstava ok\u0159\u00eddlen\u00e9ho \u010di d\u00e9monick\u00e9ho duchu smrti, \u010dasto naz\u00fdvan\u00e9ho <em>Charun<\/em>, \u017eila d\u00e1l v It\u00e1lii, zat\u00edmco liter\u00e1rn\u00ed vzd\u011blan\u00e1 vrstva znala vergiliovsk\u00e9ho Char\u00f3na.<\/p><p>Vergilius jej v \u0161est\u00e9 knize <em>Aeneidy<\/em> vykresluje jako <em>terribili squalore<\/em>, tedy s d\u011bsivou ne\u010distotou, s ohniv\u00fdma o\u010dima a zanedban\u00fdm vousem, jako starce zatvrzel\u00e9ho a drsn\u00e9ho v\u011bku.<\/p><p>Tento popis se stal ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm pro st\u0159edov\u011bkou i novodobou Evropu. Dante u\u010dinil Char\u00f3na ve t\u0159et\u00edm zp\u011bvu <em>Pekla<\/em> prvn\u00edm str\u00e1\u017ecem, s n\u00edm\u017e se h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00edci setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Prom\u011bna od ml\u010denliv\u00e9ho v\u00e1zov\u00e9ho p\u0159evozn\u00edka k d\u00e9monick\u00e9mu starci se tak d\u00e1 sledovat t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u0159es dv\u011b tis\u00edcilet\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cped5c2f9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cped5c2f9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp563ebea elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp563ebea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Char\u00f3novo postaven\u00ed v geografii podsv\u011bt\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9e2a023 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9e2a023\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7c69dbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp7c69dbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Char\u00f3n nen\u00ed vl\u00e1dcem \u0159\u00ed\u0161e mrtv\u00fdch, ale funkcion\u00e1\u0159em v \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm syst\u00e9mu. Nad n\u00edm stoj\u00ed H\u00e1d\u00e9s, b\u016fh podsv\u011bt\u00ed samotn\u00e9ho, jemu\u017e toto kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed.<\/p><p>Char\u00f3nova p\u016fsobnost je prostorov\u011b p\u0159esn\u011b vymezena: p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017e\u00ed du\u0161e p\u0159es vodu, kter\u00e1 odd\u011blovala sv\u011bt \u017eiv\u00fdch od sv\u011bta mrtv\u00fdch. Prameny podle m\u00edsta uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed Acher\u00f3n, Styx nebo Kokytos jako \u0159eku, po n\u00ed\u017e se plav\u00ed.<\/p><p>Na prot\u011bj\u0161\u00edm b\u0159ehu jeho \u00fakol kon\u010d\u00ed. Tam str\u00e1\u017e\u00ed u br\u00e1ny trojhlav\u00fd pes <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145558\">Kerberos<\/a> a uvnit\u0159 rozhoduj\u00ed soudci mrtv\u00fdch M\u00edn\u00f3s, Rhadamanthys a Aiakos o dal\u0161\u00edm osudu du\u0161e. Char\u00f3n nesoud\u00ed, neroz\u0159azuje, jen p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017e\u00ed.<\/p><p>Jeho jedinou podm\u00ednkou je form\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1le\u017eitost: mrtv\u00fd mus\u00ed b\u00fdt \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b poh\u0159ben a mus\u00ed b\u00fdt schopen p\u0159edlo\u017eit mzdu za p\u0159evoz. Nepoh\u0159ben\u00e9 nebo chud\u00e9 du\u0161e odm\u00edt\u00e1, co\u017e je p\u016fsobiv\u011b pops\u00e1no v <em>Aeneid\u011b<\/em>, kde se st\u00edny t\u00edsn\u00ed na b\u0159ehu a p\u0159eplavit se mohou jen poh\u0159ben\u00ed.<\/p><p>Tato omezen\u00e1 role m\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistorick\u00fd smysl. Char\u00f3n zt\u011bles\u0148uje samotn\u00fd pr\u00e1h, akt p\u0159echodu, kter\u00fd nepat\u0159\u00ed ani \u00fapln\u011b sv\u011btu \u017eiv\u00fdch, ani sv\u011btu mrtv\u00fdch.<\/p><p>Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee pro tento jedin\u00fd krok existuje vlastn\u00ed postava, ukazuje, jak p\u0159esn\u011b \u0159eck\u00e1 p\u0159edstava roz\u010dle\u0148ovala etapy um\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed. Smrt nebyla okam\u017eikem, ale cestou se zast\u00e1vkami, a Char\u00f3n str\u00e1\u017eil tu nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z nich, vodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ru mezi Zde a Tam.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145243\">H\u00e1d\u00e9s, vl\u00e1dce \u0159\u00ed\u0161e mrtv\u00fdch, k n\u011bmu\u017e Char\u00f3n voz\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145277\">Persefona, kr\u00e1lovna podsv\u011bt\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145311\">Herm\u00e9s Psychopompos, p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1 mrtv\u00e9 Char\u00f3novi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145244\">Anubis, egyptsk\u00fd pr\u016fvodce mrtv\u00fdch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145121\">\u0158ecko, p\u0159ehled panteonu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145235\">Bo\u017estva smrti, podkategorie<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (v\u00fdb\u011br)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Sourvinou-Inwood, Christiane: <em>&#8222;Reading&#8220; Greek Death. To the End of the Classical Period<\/em>. Oxford 1995.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Garland, Robert: <em>The Greek Way of Death<\/em>. London 1985.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Stevens, Susan T.: <em>Charon&rsquo;s Obol and Other Coins in Ancient Funerary Practice<\/em>. In: <em>Ph\u00f6nix<\/em> 45 (1991).<\/span><\/li><li>Vergil: <em>Aeneis<\/em>, Buch VI.<\/li><li>Aristofan\u00e9s: <em>\u017d\u00e1by<\/em>.<\/li><li>Walde, Christine (ed.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (heslo \u201eCharon\u201c).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1580,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Charon","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Charon \u2013 p\u0159evozn\u00edk podsv\u011bt\u00ed","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Charon: mince obolos, jeho p\u016fvod, vzhled a role v doprovodu du\u0161\u00ed. P\u0159ehled paralel v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"griechenland","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145248","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Charon \u2013 p\u0159evozn\u00edk podsv\u011bt\u00ed<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Charon: mince obolos, jeho p\u016fvod, vzhled a role v doprovodu du\u0161\u00ed. 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