{"id":145241,"date":"2026-09-03T16:28:25","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:28:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145241"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:50:43","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:50:43","slug":"ra","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/ra\/","title":{"rendered":"Ra"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145241\" class=\"elementor elementor-145241 elementor-1878 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ra, b\u016fh egyptsk\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ra je b\u016fh egyptsk\u00e9 tradice.<\/p><p>Egyptsk\u00fd b\u016fh slunce a nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bo\u017estvo, stvo\u0159itel \u0159\u00e1du a ka\u017edodenn\u00ed obnovitel sv\u011bta. Ra stoj\u00ed ve st\u0159edu egyptsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v dan\u00e9 kultu\u0159e.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span> jako nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed postava kosmu.<\/p><p>Zt\u011bles\u0148uje s\u00edlu slunce, cyklickou obnovu a v\u011b\u010dn\u00fd boj mezi sv\u011btlem a chaosem. Jeho jm\u00e9no je synonymem bo\u017esk\u00e9 moci a z\u00e1ruky, \u017ee po noci n\u00e1sleduje den a \u017ee dobro v\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed nad zlem.<\/p><p>Ra je jako egyptsk\u00fd b\u016fh slunce z\u00e1rove\u0148 stvo\u0159itelem i udr\u017eovatelem sv\u011bta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh \/ bohyn\u011b: Zosobn\u011bn\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc v panteonu dan\u00e9 kultury, s jasn\u00fdmi kompetencemi, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edly, osud, v\u00e1lka, plodnost. Uct\u00edv\u00e1ni prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kult\u016f, ob\u011bt\u00ed a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch instituc\u00ed.\">B\u016fh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145115\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytologie starov\u011bk\u00e9ho Nilu, cca 3000 p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 30 p\u0159. n. l.\">Egypt<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145234\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bohov\u00e9 panteonu, kosmick\u00e1 svrchovanost, stvo\u0159itelsk\u00fd nebo vlada\u0159sk\u00fd aspekt.\">Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bo\u017estvo<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_ra-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147677\" alt=\"Ra - bohov\u00e9 z egyptsk\u00e9 tradice, historicko-ilustrativn\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_ra-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_ra-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_ra-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_ra.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ra<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159ehledn\u011b: Ra<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bo\u017estvo, slune\u010dn\u00ed b\u016fh, stvo\u0159itelsk\u00fd b\u016fh<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn v\u0161ech boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteon<\/span>: Egypt<br>Funkce: stvo\u0159itel \u0159\u00e1du, denn\u00ed obnova sv\u011bta, boj proti chaosu<br>Hlavn\u00ed atributy: slune\u010dn\u00ed kotou\u010d, uraeus (kobra), sokol\u00ed hlava, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Chrob\u00e1k vrubounovit\u00fd jako staroegyptsk\u00fd symbol zrozen\u00ed a obnovy.\" tabindex=\"0\">skarabeus<\/span><br>Hlavn\u00ed kultovn\u00ed m\u00edsta: Heliopolis (On), Th\u00e9by (Karnak-Luxor\/Amon-Re), Ab\u00fa Ghurab<br>\u0158\u00edmsk\u00fd ekvivalent: Sol Invictus, H\u00e9lios (\u0158ecko)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontext<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdomost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Tradice<\/span> o Rovi sah\u00e1 od Star\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e (cca 2700, 2200 p\u0159. n. l.), kdy je ji\u017e v <em>Textech pyramid<\/em> uct\u00edv\u00e1n jako nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bo\u017estvo, p\u0159es St\u0159edn\u00ed a Novou \u0159\u00ed\u0161i a\u017e do ptolemaiovsko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 doby.<\/p><p>Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi liter\u00e1rn\u00edmi sv\u011bdectv\u00edmi jsou <em>Texty pyramid<\/em> (Star\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e), <em>Texty rakv\u00ed<\/em> (St\u0159edn\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e), <em>Egyptsk\u00e1 kniha mrtv\u00fdch<\/em> (zejm\u00e9na <em>Kniha dne<\/em> a <em>Kniha noci<\/em>) a <em>slune\u010dn\u00ed litanie<\/em> z chr\u00e1m\u016f. Synkretick\u00e1 splynut\u00ed s Atumem a Amunem vznikaj\u00ed siln\u011bji v Nov\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i a p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed a\u017e do \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 doby.<\/p><p><strong>Mytologick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Ra<\/em>, b\u016fh slunce, je ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm kosmick\u00fdm principem egyptsk\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru a denn\u00ed manifestac\u00ed tvo\u0159iv\u00e9 s\u00edly. Denn\u011b pluje na sv\u00e9 slune\u010dn\u00ed lodi po obloze, ve\u010der zapad\u00e1 a v noci proch\u00e1z\u00ed podsv\u011bt\u00edm (<em>Duat<\/em>) v epick\u00e9m boji proti hadu <em>Apofisovi<\/em>, kter\u00fd jej denn\u011b usiluje poz\u0159\u00edt.<\/p><p><em>Ra<\/em> zt\u011bles\u0148uje cyklickou povahu \u017eivota, smrti a znovuzrozen\u00ed. Spl\u00fdv\u00e1 s dal\u0161\u00edmi bohy (<em>Amun-Ra<\/em>, <em>Ra-Harachte<\/em>) a tvo\u0159\u00ed tak mnohotv\u00e1rnou podobu univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edly.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ra je uct\u00edv\u00e1n po cel\u00e9m starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b, s t\u011b\u017ei\u0161t\u011bm v Heliopoli (Iunu, egypt. On), nejstar\u0161\u00edm centru kultu slunce, a v Th\u00e9b\u00e1ch (se synkretickou postavou Amun-Ra).<\/p><p>Jeho uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed v\u00e1z\u00e1no na jedin\u00e9 m\u011bsto, ale prostupuje n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou prax\u00ed od delty a\u017e po n\u00fabijskou hranici. Po dobyt\u00ed hel\u00e9nistick\u00fdmi a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdmi mocnostmi je Ra ztoto\u017en\u011bn s \u0159eck\u00fdm H\u00e9liem a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdm Sol Invictem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>J\u00e1dro <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdomost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span> tvo\u0159\u00ed <em>Texty pyramid<\/em> z G\u00edzy, Memfisu a Abydu (5. 6. dynastie), kter\u00e9 Rea ji\u017e zobrazuj\u00ed jako boha nebe a stvo\u0159itele. <em>Texty rakv\u00ed<\/em> ze St\u0159edn\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed m\u00fdty o kosmick\u00e9 kolob\u011bhy.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet><em>Egyptsk\u00e1 kniha mrtv\u00fdch<\/em> (cca 1550, 1070 p\u0159. n. l.) popisuje Rovu no\u010dn\u00ed j\u00edzdu podsv\u011bt\u00edm v bohat\u00e9 obrazov\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di. N\u00e1pisy v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slouzc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mech<\/span>, hrobn\u00ed malby a kn\u011b\u017esk\u00e9 koment\u00e1\u0159e v chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch knihovn\u00e1ch (nap\u0159. Edfu, Dendera) vysv\u011btluj\u00ed synkretismy a ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed ka\u017edodennost.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ozna\u010den\u00ed a zp\u016fsoby psan\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Egyptsky:<\/strong> Ra (tak\u00e9 <em>Re<\/em>, egypt. <em>R\u02e4<\/em> nebo <em>Ra\u02e4<\/em>), determinativ: slune\u010dn\u00ed kotou\u010d. Ko\u0159en slova odkazuje na \u201eslunce&#8220;. Varianty psan\u00ed: <em>Re<\/em> (latinsk\u00e1 transliterace, \u010dasto v star\u0161\u00edch odborn\u00fdch knih\u00e1ch), <em>Ra<\/em> (modern\u00ed konvence), <em>Pre<\/em> (\u010dten\u00ed z hieroglyf\u016f, vz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed).<\/p><p>Synkretick\u00e1 jm\u00e9na: <em>Atum-Ra<\/em> (splynut\u00ed se stvo\u0159itelsk\u00fdm bohem Atumem z Heliopole, zejm\u00e9na rann\u00ed forma), <em>Amun-Ra<\/em> (splynut\u00ed s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm bohem Amunem z Th\u00e9b, dominantn\u00ed v Nov\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i), <em>Ra-Harachte<\/em> (Hor na horizontu, spojen\u00e1 podoba vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho Hora a boha slunce), <em>Chnum-Ra<\/em> (splynut\u00ed se stvo\u0159itelsk\u00fdm bohem-beranem Chnumem na ji\u017en\u00ed hranici).<\/p><p>P\u0159\u00edvlastky: <em>Chepre<\/em> (rann\u00ed forma jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Chroust vrubounovit\u00fd jako starov\u011bk\u00fd egyptsk\u00fd symbol vznik\u00e1n\u00ed a obnovy.\" tabindex=\"0\">skarabeus<\/span>, \u201eten, kdo vznik\u00e1&#8220;), <em>Atum<\/em> (ve\u010dern\u00ed forma jako star\u00fd mu\u017e nebo beran), <em>Chenti-Amenty<\/em> (p\u00e1n Z\u00e1padu, v podsv\u011bt\u00ed), <em>Neb-Tawy<\/em> (p\u00e1n obou zem\u00ed, kosmu). Hieroglyfick\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed: slune\u010dn\u00ed kotou\u010d (Aton), \u010dasto s bodem nebo kruhem uprost\u0159ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Vzhled<\/strong><\/p><p>Ra je typicky zobrazov\u00e1n jako mu\u017e se <em>sokol\u00ed hlavou<\/em>, na jeho\u017e temeni spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 z\u00e1\u0159\u00edc\u00ed <em>slune\u010dn\u00ed kotou\u010d<\/em>. Kolem slune\u010dn\u00edho kotou\u010de se vine <em>uraeus<\/em> (egypt. <em>wadjet<\/em>), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 moci a ochrany. Na star\u0161\u00edch vyobrazen\u00edch (Star\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed) sed\u00ed Ra v b\u00e1rce (lodi), kterou t\u00e1hnou dal\u0161\u00ed bohov\u00e9.<\/p><p>Pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed jej m\u00edsty ukazuj\u00ed jako <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Chrob\u00e1k vrubounovit\u00fd (skarabeus) jako staroegyptsk\u00fd symbol zrozen\u00ed a obnovy.\" tabindex=\"0\">skaraba<\/span><\/em> (Chepre, rann\u00ed forma, podoba hnojn\u00edka), kter\u00fd celou noc val\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed koule, dokud ji r\u00e1no znovu nevytla\u010d\u00ed a slunce se tak znovu zrod\u00ed. Ve ve\u010dern\u00ed podob\u011b se objevuje jako star\u00fd, se\u0161l\u00fd mu\u017e nebo <em>beran<\/em> (forma Atuma).<\/p><p><strong>Podstata a p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Ra je bohem slunce na obloze a nad to i samotnou <em>silou stvo\u0159en\u00ed a obnovy<\/em>. Podle egyptsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159edstava o uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologie<\/span> vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed svou denn\u00ed plavbou po obloze v denn\u00ed b\u00e1rce <em>Mand\u017eet<\/em> den a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u011bt.<\/p><p>V noci pluje v no\u010dn\u00ed b\u00e1rce <em>Mesektet<\/em> podsv\u011bt\u00edm (Duat), kde se setk\u00e1v\u00e1 s chaotick\u00fdm d\u00e9monem <em>Apopem<\/em>, obrovsk\u00fdm hadem, kter\u00fd jej hroz\u00ed spolknout.<\/p><p>Ka\u017edou noc Ra bojuje s Apopem, ka\u017edou noc zv\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed, a tak se sv\u011bt obnovuje. Tato kosmick\u00e1 bitva je toto\u017en\u00e1 s v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du (Maat) nad chaosem (Isfet).<\/p><p><strong>Vzhled a symbolika<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Ra<\/em> je zobrazov\u00e1n jako mu\u017e se sokol\u00ed hlavou a slune\u010dn\u00edm kotou\u010dem, zdoben\u00fdm <em>uraeem<\/em>, svat\u00fdm hadem faraon\u016f.<\/p><p>Nos\u00ed zlat\u00e9 \u0161perky a <em>\u017eezlo nebes<\/em>. Ve sv\u00fdch denn\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00edch m\u011bn\u00ed podoby: jako <em>Chepre<\/em> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Chrob\u00e1k vrubounovit\u00fd (skarabeus) jako staroegyptsk\u00fd symbol zrozen\u00ed a obnovy.\" tabindex=\"0\">skarabeus<\/span>) za \u00fasvitu, jako <em>Ra<\/em> v poledne, jako <em>Atum<\/em> ve\u010der a jako <em>Auf<\/em> v noci v podsv\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p><p>Slune\u010dn\u00ed kotou\u010d je jeho nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolem<\/span>, kter\u00fd p\u0159edstavuje \u017eivot, s\u00edlu tepla a v\u011bdomou inteligenci.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Ra<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekty Ra na prvn\u00ed pohled. Tabulka shrnuje p\u016fvod, funkci, vzhled, uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, symboly a paralely.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kulturn\u00ed kontext<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ra vznik\u00e1 jako <em>sebestvo\u0159itel<\/em> nebo je stvo\u0159en <em>Atumem<\/em> (m\u00fdty se li\u0161\u00ed). V n\u011bkter\u00fdch verz\u00edch je synem Atuma a bohyn\u011b nebes <em>Nut<\/em>. V Heliopoli (On), nejstar\u0161\u00edm kultovn\u00edm centru, je uct\u00edv\u00e1n jako p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 manifestace slune\u010dn\u00ed energie.<\/p><p>Faraoni od 5. dynastie (cca 2500 p\u0159. n. l.) se tituluj\u00ed \u201esyn Ra&#8220; (<em>Sa Ra<\/em>) a legitimizuj\u00ed tak svou vl\u00e1du jako pozemsk\u00fd odraz kosmick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Funkce Ra<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bo\u017estvo a ru\u010ditel kosmick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du (Maat). Stvo\u0159itel a denn\u00ed obnovitel sv\u011bta. V\u016fdce boje proti chaosu a temnot\u011b. Ochr\u00e1nce faraon\u016f a egyptsk\u00e9ho lidu. Jeho funkce je kosmick\u00e1, nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 na mor\u00e1lce v osobn\u00edm smyslu: reprezentuje nezbytn\u00fd n\u00e1vrat dobra a sv\u011btla.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vzhled Ra<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mu\u017e se sokol\u00ed hlavou, slune\u010dn\u00edm kotou\u010dem a uraeem na \u010dele. Podoba <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Chrob\u00e1k vrubounovit\u00fd (skarabeus) jako staroegyptsk\u00fd symbol zrozen\u00ed a obnovy.\" tabindex=\"0\">skarabea<\/span> (Chepre) jako rann\u00ed forma. Star\u00fd beran (Atum) jako ve\u010dern\u00ed forma. Sed\u00ed v b\u00e1rce (Mand\u017eet nebo Mesektet), kterou t\u00e1hnou dal\u0161\u00ed bohov\u00e9 nebo zv\u00ed\u0159ata.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Ra<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hlavn\u00ed kultovn\u00ed m\u00edsta: <em>Heliopolis<\/em> (On, nejstar\u0161\u00ed a nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed chr\u00e1m, dnes zni\u010den\u00fd, ale liter\u00e1rn\u011b velmi roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd), <em>Th\u00e9by<\/em> (Karnak a Luxor s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Svat\u00e9 m\u00edsto v\u011bnovan\u00e9 uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva.\" tabindex=\"0\">svatyn\u00ed<\/span> Amona-Ra), <em>Ab\u00fa Gurab<\/em> (slune\u010dn\u00ed svatyn\u011b 5. dynastie, m\u00edsto denn\u00edch ritu\u00e1l\u016f).<\/p><p>Kn\u011b\u017esk\u00e1 spr\u00e1va: kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed v Heliopoli vedli denn\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed hymny. Faraoni sami vystupovali jako sv\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed z\u00e1stupci Ra na zemi. Soukrom\u00e9 uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed: amulety ve tvaru <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Chrob\u00e1k vrubounovit\u00fd (skarabeus) jako staroegyptsk\u00fd symbol zrozen\u00ed a obnovy.\" tabindex=\"0\">skarabea<\/span> jako osobn\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty, vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdchodu slunce p\u0159i v\u00fdzna\u010dn\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00edch okam\u017eic\u00edch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Symboly Ra<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<em>Slune\u010dn\u00ed kotou\u010d<\/em> (Aton), <em>sokol<\/em> (jako pt\u00e1k nebes a rychlosti), <em>uraeus<\/em> (ochrana a moc), <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Chrob\u00e1k vrubounovit\u00fd (skarabeus) jako staroegyptsk\u00fd symbol zrozen\u00ed a obnovy.\" tabindex=\"0\">skarabeus<\/span><\/em> (Chepre, rann\u00ed forma a kolob\u011bh), <em>beran<\/em> (Atum, ve\u010dern\u00ed forma), <em>b\u00e1rka<\/em> (Mand\u017eet a Mesektet, plavidla kosmem).\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Obdoby<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<em>H\u00e9lios<\/em> (\u0158ecko), <em>Sol Invictus<\/em> (\u0158\u00edm, zejm\u00e9na v pozdn\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 dob\u011b), <em>S\u00farja<\/em> (v\u00e9dsko-hinduistick\u00fd), <em>\u0160ama\u0161<\/em> (Mezopot\u00e1mie jako slune\u010dn\u00ed b\u016fh, ale nikoli nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bo\u017estvo), <em>Apoll\u00f3n<\/em> (\u0158ecko, \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b s atributy slune\u010dn\u00edho boha), <em>Savitar<\/em> (v\u00e9dsk\u00fd, budi\u010d a hybatel). Egyptsk\u00e9 a v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 slune\u010dn\u00ed bo\u017estvo sd\u00edlej\u00ed funkci denn\u00ed obnovy a udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed chaosu na uzd\u011b.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ra byl bohem, kter\u00fd zaru\u010doval \u0159\u00e1d, nikoli bohem osobn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edslib\u016f sp\u00e1sy nebo myst\u00e9ri\u00ed. Jeho kult prob\u00edhal na dvou rovin\u00e1ch:<\/p><p><strong>Kn\u011b\u017esk\u00e1 a st\u00e1tn\u00ed rovina:<\/strong> Faraoni a kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed konali denn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly v chr\u00e1mech H\u00e9liopole, Karnaku a dal\u0161\u00edch kultovn\u00edch m\u00edstech. R\u00e1no se zp\u00edvaly hymny na podporu Rova vzestupu, ve\u010der se pron\u00e1\u0161ely ochrann\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a bojov\u00e9 zp\u011bvy proti Apopisovi.<\/p><p>Tyto ritu\u00e1ly byly pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za <em>kosmickou pr\u00e1ci<\/em>, kter\u00e1 zaru\u010dovala samotnou existenci sv\u011bta, a \u0161ly tak daleko za r\u00e1mec osobn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Kr\u00e1tk\u00e9, osobn\u00ed nebo spole\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 zamy\u0161len\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">zbo\u017en\u00e9 pobo\u017enosti<\/span>.<\/p><p>Osobn\u00ed a obchodn\u00ed rovina: Soukrom\u00e9 osoby nosily amulety ve tvaru <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Brouk vrubou\u0161 jako staroegyptsk\u00fd symbol vznik\u00e1n\u00ed a obnovy.\" tabindex=\"0\">skaraba<\/span> s Rov\u00fdmi symboly nebo jm\u00e9nem, aby si zajistily denn\u00ed ochranu. P\u0159i v\u00fdchodu slunce pron\u00e1\u0161ely kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 modlitby nebo vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed. Zejm\u00e9na za faraon\u016f 5. dynastie byly stav\u011bny slune\u010dn\u00ed svatyn\u011b jako hrobov\u00e9 pam\u00e1tn\u00edky, aby faraona zapojily do Rovy kosmick\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy.<\/p><p>V osobn\u00edch jm\u00e9nech: Samo jm\u00e9no <em>Ra<\/em> neslo velkou moc. Slo\u017een\u00e1 jm\u00e9na jako <em>Si-Ra<\/em> (Syn R\u016fv) nebo <em>Ra-Hotep<\/em> (Ra je spokojen) byla v egyptsk\u00fdch rodin\u00e1ch, zejm\u00e9na mezi elitou, velmi roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ra a paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u0158ecko a \u0158\u00edm<\/strong><\/p><em>H\u00e9lios<\/em> nese v\u0161echny atributy Ra: slune\u010dn\u00ed b\u016fh, denn\u00ed j\u00edzda po obloze na kvadrize (vozu), nositel sv\u011btla sv\u011bta. V pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 dob\u011b se Ra spl\u00fdv\u00e1 se <em>Sol Invictus<\/em> (Neporaziteln\u00e9 slunce), zejm\u00e9na za c\u00edsa\u0159e Aureliana (270, 275 n. l.), kter\u00fd Sol Invictus ustanovil jako nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bo\u017estvo. Paralela sah\u00e1 a\u017e k ran\u00e9m k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 Kristovo zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed symbolicky spojuje s v\u00fdchodem slunce.<p><strong>V\u00e9dsk\u00e1 a hinduistick\u00e1 tradice<\/strong><\/p><em>Surja<\/em> (slune\u010dn\u00ed b\u016fh) a <em>Savitar<\/em> (Budi\u010d, Podn\u011bcovatel) sd\u00edlej\u00ed s Rou funkci denn\u00ed obnovy. Rgv\u00e9da (asi 1500 p\u0159. n. l.) popisuje Surju jedouc\u00edho po obloze na zlat\u00e9 kvadrize. Na rozd\u00edl od Ra, kter\u00fd z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm bo\u017estvem, je Surja v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm hinduismu zast\u00edn\u011bn Brahmou, Vi\u0161nuem a \u0160ivou jako nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed Trimurt\u00ed.<p><strong>Mezopot\u00e1mie<\/strong><\/p><em>\u0160ama\u0161<\/em> je egyptsko-mezopot\u00e1msk\u00fd slune\u010dn\u00ed b\u016fh a soudce. Na rozd\u00edl od Ra v\u0161ak \u0160ama\u0161 nen\u00ed kosmick\u00fdm nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm bo\u017estvem, n\u00fdbr\u017e jedn\u00edm z mnoha d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch boh\u016f. <em>Marduk<\/em> z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 v Babylonu roli tv\u016frce sv\u011bta a p\u0159emo\u017eitele chaosu (boj proti Tiamat), co\u017e je funk\u010dn\u011b podobn\u00e9 Rovi, av\u0161ak neomezuje se na slunce.<p><strong>Germ\u00e1nsk\u00e1 tradice<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Slunce<\/em> (Sol, Sunna) je v germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span> zastupov\u00e1no bohyn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jezd\u00ed po obloze na kvadrize, pron\u00e1sledovan\u00e1 vlkem Skollem. Funkce je podobn\u00e1 (denn\u00ed obnova), av\u0161ak pohlav\u00ed a symbolika se li\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd075236 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpd075236\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp733d0d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp733d0d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Slune\u010dn\u00ed b\u00e1rka a cesta dvan\u00e1cti no\u010dn\u00edmi hodinami<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd140f1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpd140f1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6d26802 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp6d26802\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00dast\u0159edn\u00edm teologick\u00fdm obrazem Ra je jeho denn\u00ed cesta.<\/p><p>Ve dne proch\u00e1z\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed b\u016fh oblohou na denn\u00ed b\u00e1rce, ve\u010der nastupuje na no\u010dn\u00ed b\u00e1rku a plav\u00ed se podsv\u011bt\u00edm, <em>Duatem<\/em>.<\/p><p>Tato no\u010dn\u00ed plavba je podrobn\u011b pops\u00e1na v samostatn\u00fdch textech, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v <em>Amduatu<\/em>, doslova to, co je v podsv\u011bt\u00ed, a v <em>Knize bran<\/em>. Oba texty pat\u0159\u00ed k podsv\u011btn\u00edm knih\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 byly v Nov\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed malov\u00e1ny na st\u011bny kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch hrobek v \u00dadol\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p><p><em>Amduat<\/em> rozd\u011bluje noc na dvan\u00e1ct hodin, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuje samostatnou oblast s vlastn\u00edmi bytostmi. Ve st\u0159edn\u00ed hodin\u011b, \u010dasto \u0161est\u00e9, se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed ud\u00e1lost: slune\u010dn\u00ed b\u016fh se spojuje s t\u011blem Osirise a z tohoto spojen\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 s\u00edlu ke sv\u00e9mu znovuzrozen\u00ed.<\/p><p>Badatel\u00e9, nap\u0159\u00edklad Erik Hornung, kter\u00fd podsv\u011btn\u00ed knihy obs\u00e1hle vydal a p\u0159elo\u017eil, v tom vid\u00ed j\u00e1dro egyptsk\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o obnov\u011b kosmu.<\/p><p>Cesta nen\u00ed bez nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. V ka\u017ed\u00e9 hodin\u011b hroz\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky, mus\u00ed se proj\u00edt branami, odvr\u00e1tit \u0161kodliv\u00e9 bytosti. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm nep\u0159\u00edtelem je had Apopis, kter\u00fd se sna\u017e\u00ed b\u00e1rku zastavit. Pr\u016fvodci jako <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145115\">dal\u0161\u00ed bo\u017estva<\/a> a bla\u017een\u00ed zem\u0159el\u00ed prodl\u00e9vaj\u00edc\u00ed v podsv\u011bt\u00ed boha podporuj\u00ed.<\/p><p>Na konci dvan\u00e1ct\u00e9 hodiny se Ra znovu rod\u00ed jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Brouk vrubou\u0161 jako staroegyptsk\u00fd symbol vznik\u00e1n\u00ed a obnovy.\" tabindex=\"0\">skarabeus<\/span> nebo jako d\u00edt\u011b a vystupuje na v\u00fdchodn\u00edm horizontu. Tato narativn\u00ed struktura dala Egyp\u0165an\u016fm model, kter\u00fdm bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 denn\u00ed b\u011bh slunce, smrt a nad\u011bji na znovuzrozen\u00ed shrnout do jednoho obrazu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8ebeaf6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp8ebeaf6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3cd4822 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp3cd4822\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Apopis: ka\u017edodenn\u00ed boj o \u0159\u00e1d sv\u011bta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0a24bfd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp0a24bfd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp29eac91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp29eac91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Protivn\u00edkem Ra je Apofis, v egyptsk\u00e9 v\u00fdslovnosti <em>Apep<\/em>, obrovsk\u00fd had, kter\u00fd ohro\u017euje slune\u010dn\u00ed b\u00e1rku na jej\u00ed no\u010dn\u00ed plavb\u011b.<\/p><p>Apofis zt\u011bles\u0148uje samotn\u00fd chaos, neuspo\u0159\u00e1danost, kter\u00e1 hroz\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd den znovu pohltit stvo\u0159en\u00fd sv\u011bt; jedin\u00fd nep\u0159\u00edtel by byl p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 malou p\u0159edstavou. Na rozd\u00edl od boh\u016f se Apofis nikdy nerod\u00ed a nikdy nen\u00ed definitivn\u011b zabit; je trvalou hrozbou.<\/p><p>V knih\u00e1ch podsv\u011bt\u00ed a ve zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch ritu\u00e1ln\u00edch textech je popisov\u00e1n boj proti Apofisovi. Had se sna\u017e\u00ed pohltit vodu, po n\u00ed\u017e b\u00e1rka pluje, nebo zablokovat cestu. Bohov\u00e9 jako Seth, kter\u00fd stoj\u00ed na p\u0159\u00eddi b\u00e1rky, nebo bohyn\u011b Selket spout\u00e1vaj\u00ed a probod\u00e1vaj\u00ed tuto bestii.<\/p><p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm textem k tomuto t\u00e9matu je tzv. <em>Kniha o Apofisovi<\/em>, dochovan\u00e1 v pozdn\u00ed rukopisn\u00e9 podob\u011b papyru Bremner-Rhind. Obsahuje zakl\u00ednadla a pokyny, jak Apofise spoutat, roz\u0159ezat a sp\u00e1lit.<\/p><p>Tyto texty byly v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mu<\/span> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1le\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed k pevn\u011b stanoven\u00e9mu n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9mu postupu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1ln\u011b<\/span> uskute\u010d\u0148ov\u00e1ny. Kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed zhotovovali figurky hada z vosku nebo je kreslili na papyrus, aby je pak rozdupali, probodli a sp\u00e1lili, forma ritu\u00e1ln\u00edho zni\u010den\u00ed chaosu.<\/p><p>Religionistick\u00fd je tento n\u00e1lez v\u00fdznamn\u00fd proto, \u017ee ukazuje, \u017ee egyptsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nech\u00e1palo trv\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du jako samo sebou dan\u00e9. <em>Maat<\/em>, spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d, musela b\u00fdt denn\u011b obhajov\u00e1na, v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span> slune\u010dn\u00edm bohem, v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch uct\u00edvac\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f v\u011bnovan\u00fdch bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span> kn\u011b\u017estvem. V\u00fdchod slunce byl tak ka\u017ed\u00e9 r\u00e1no vybojovan\u00fdm v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm, nikoli samoz\u0159ejmost\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc5c618a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpc5c618a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp06da435 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp06da435\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Heliopolis a teologie Dev\u00edtky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5790fae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5790fae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp540b63f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp540b63f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hlavn\u00edm centrem kultu Ra byl Heliopolis, slune\u010dn\u00ed m\u011bsto, egyptsky <em>Iunu<\/em>, le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed v dne\u0161n\u00ed severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Kairaho. Odtud poch\u00e1z\u00ed jeden z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch egyptsk\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f stvo\u0159en\u00ed. Ve st\u0159edu stoj\u00ed b\u016fh stvo\u0159itel, kter\u00fd se podle textu jmenuje Atum, Ra nebo spojen\u00ed Ra-Atum.<\/p><p>Vznik\u00e1 z prvotn\u00edho oce\u00e1nu Nun a s\u00e1m ze sebe zplod\u00ed prvn\u00ed bo\u017esk\u00fd p\u00e1r, \u0160ua, vzduch, a Tefnut, vlhkost. Z nich vzejdou Geb, zem\u011b, a Nut, nebe, a z t\u011bchto pak Usir, Eset, Set a Nebthet.<\/p><p>Tato \u0159ada dev\u00edti bo\u017estev se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 <em>Dev\u00edtka<\/em> z Heliopole. Uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1v\u00e1 nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bo\u017estva <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span> do genealogick\u00e9 struktury a \u010din\u00ed z Ra-Atuma po\u010d\u00e1tek v\u0161eho.<\/p><p>Heliopolsk\u00fd kn\u011bz byl ve Star\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i jedn\u00edm z nejvlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch funkcion\u00e1\u0159\u016f a slune\u010dn\u00ed kult v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivnil ideologii kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 moci: ji\u017e ve Star\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i p\u0159ij\u00edmali kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 titul Syn Rea, a Texty pyramid, nejstar\u0161\u00ed egyptsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 texty, jsou siln\u011b pros\u00e1kl\u00e9 slune\u010dn\u00ed teologi\u00ed.<\/p><p>Viditeln\u00fdm znakem heliopolsk\u00e9ho kultu byl <em>Benben<\/em>, svat\u00fd kamenn\u00fd pil\u00ed\u0159 spojovan\u00fd s prvn\u00ed zem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se vyno\u0159ila z prvotn\u00ed vody, a d\u00e1le obelisk, jeho\u017e vrchol m\u011bl zachycovat slune\u010dn\u00ed paprsky.<\/p><p>Slune\u010dn\u00ed svatyn\u011b 5. dynastie, nap\u0159\u00edklad svatyn\u011b Niuserrea v Abu Gurabu, byly samostatn\u00fdmi stavbami v\u011bnovan\u00fdmi slune\u010dn\u00ed teologii. Heliopolis samotn\u00fd je dnes t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u00fapln\u011b zastav\u011bn\u00fd, av\u0161ak textov\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy, obelisky a zpr\u00e1vy antick\u00fdch autor\u016f umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed rozpoznat centr\u00e1ln\u00ed postaven\u00ed tohoto m\u00edsta pro egyptsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6535370 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp6535370\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9466707 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9466707\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00fdtus o povst\u00e1n\u00ed lidstva<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe57068a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpe57068a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd90c983 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpd90c983\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Z\u0159\u00eddka vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00fdm, ale teologicky z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtem<\/span> je zni\u010den\u00ed lidstva, zaznamenan\u00e9 v textu <em>O nebesk\u00e9 kr\u00e1v\u011b<\/em>, kter\u00fd je zaps\u00e1n v n\u011bkolika kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch hrobk\u00e1ch Nov\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.<\/p><p>Vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o dob\u011b, kdy Ra je\u0161t\u011b vl\u00e1dl jako kr\u00e1l lidem i boh\u016fm na zemi. Slune\u010dn\u00ed b\u016fh zest\u00e1rl, jeho t\u011blo je ze zlata, st\u0159\u00edbra a lazuritu, a lid\u00e9 pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed proti n\u011bmu povst\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p><p>Ra svol\u00e1 bohy k porozen\u00ed. Na jejich rozhodnut\u00ed vys\u00edl\u00e1 sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed oko v podob\u011b bohyn\u011b Hathor nebo Sachmety, aby potrestalo povstalce. Bohyn\u011b upadne do krvav\u00e9ho opojen\u00ed a hroz\u00ed, \u017ee vyhub\u00ed cel\u00e9 lidstvo.<\/p><p>Ra, kter\u00fd nechce lidstvo zcela zni\u010dit, nech\u00e1 obarvit obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed piva na \u010derveno a rozl\u00edt je po zemi. Bohyn\u011b je pova\u017euje za krev, vypije je, opije se a upust\u00ed od zab\u00edjen\u00ed.<\/p><p>Tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> kon\u010d\u00ed \u00fastupem Rea. Unaven sv\u011btem, nech\u00e1 se nebeskou kr\u00e1vou vz\u00edt na h\u0159bet a vystoup\u00ed na nebe; bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed vl\u00e1da na zemi t\u00edm kon\u010d\u00ed a p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed na jin\u00e9 bohy a nakonec na faraony.<\/p><p>Religionisticky text obsahuje n\u011bkolik vysv\u011btlen\u00ed: pro odd\u011blen\u00ed nebe a zem\u011b, pro odstup mezi nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm bohem a lidmi, pro ur\u010dit\u00e9 sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00e9 zvyky s \u010derven\u00fdm pivem a pro nebezpe\u010dnou dvoj\u00ed povahu slune\u010dn\u00edho oka, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee chr\u00e1nit i ni\u010dit. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 ukazuje Rea jako mocn\u00e9ho vl\u00e1dce i jako st\u00e1rnouc\u00ed postavu vzd\u00e1lenou sv\u011btu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp921d2ed e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp921d2ed\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc03c319 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpc03c319\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Splynut\u00ed: Amon-Ra, Aton a odkaz slune\u010dn\u00edho kultu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp992dbdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp992dbdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpee3e772 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpee3e772\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ra z\u016fstal p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd po t\u0159i tis\u00edcilet\u00ed, jen z\u0159\u00eddka v\u0161ak v nezm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 podob\u011b. Pro egyptsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed je charakteristick\u00e9 spl\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estev, a Ra byl v tomto ohledu obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b otev\u0159en\u00fd spojen\u00edm. Ji\u017e brzy se objevuje Ra-Atum, spojen\u00ed s heliopolsk\u00fdm stvo\u0159itelsk\u00fdm bohem.<\/p><p>S vzestupem Th\u00e9b v obdob\u00ed Nov\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e se Ra spojil s tamn\u00edm st\u00e1tn\u00edm bohem Amonem v Amona-Rea, kter\u00fd byl tak sou\u010dasn\u011b skryt\u00fdm bohem i viditeln\u00fdm sluncem. Tak\u00e9 Re-Harachte, spojen\u00ed s Horem na horizontu, je \u010dast\u00fdm zobrazovac\u00edm typem, zn\u00e1zor\u0148ovan\u00fdm jako b\u016fh se sokol\u00ed hlavou a slune\u010dn\u00edm kotou\u010dem.<\/p><p>Nejradik\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1sahem byla n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 politika Achnatona ve 14. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. Achnaton pov\u00fd\u0161il <em>Atona<\/em>, samotn\u00fd viditeln\u00fd slune\u010dn\u00ed kotou\u010d, na jedin\u00e9 uct\u00edvan\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span> a pot\u00edral kult Amona.<\/p><p>Aton je z hlediska d\u011bjin n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadem, nebo\u0165 byl uct\u00edv\u00e1n bez lidsk\u00e9 nebo zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed podoby, zobrazov\u00e1n pouze jako kotou\u010d s paprsky vy\u00fas\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edmi v ruce. Po Achnatonov\u011b smrti byla tato reforma zru\u0161ena a obnoven tradi\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011bt boh\u016f v\u010detn\u011b Amona-Rea.<\/p><p>Tato historie spl\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed je pro badatele kl\u00ed\u010dem k pochopen\u00ed egyptsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 discipl\u00edna zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se bohem a v\u00edrou ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span>. Hornung a dal\u0161\u00ed uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 ch\u00e1pali bo\u017estva jinak ne\u017e jako navz\u00e1jem se vylu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed jednotlivce: mohli v jednom bo\u017estvu rozpoznat aspekty jin\u00e9ho, ani\u017e by t\u00edm jednotliv\u00ed bohov\u00e9 zanikali.<\/p><p>Ra je tedy m\u00e9n\u011b pevnou postavou ne\u017e teologick\u00fdm principem, principem slunce jako po\u010d\u00e1tku, udr\u017eovatele a denn\u011b obnovovan\u00e9ho garanta sv\u011btov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du, kter\u00fd se mohl spojovat s mnoha m\u00edstn\u00edmi i nadregion\u00e1ln\u00edmi bo\u017estvy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145580\">Atum, Egypt<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145324\">Amon, Egypt<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145116\">Apop, Egypt<\/a><\/li><li>H\u00e9lios, \u0158ecko<\/li><li>Sol Invictus, \u0158\u00edm<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145594\">S\u00farja, hinduismus<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145234\">Vrcholn\u00e1 bo\u017estva, podkategorie<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145205\">Bohov\u00e9, p\u0159ehled t\u0159\u00eddy<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Odborn\u00e1 literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Assmann, Jan: <em>\u00c4gypten. Eine Sinngeschichte<\/em>. M\u00fcnchen 2015.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Hornung, Erik: <em>Der \u00e4gyptische <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mythos<\/span> von der Himmelskuh. Eine Aetologie des Unvollkommenen<\/em>. Freiburg i. Br. 1982.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Quirke, Stephen: <em>Ancient Egyptian Religion<\/em>. Dover 2013 (Nachdruck).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Te Velde, Herman: <em>The God Khenti-Amentiu. Studien zur Religionsgeschichte und zur archaologischen Topographie des Westdelta<\/em>. Leiden 1967.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Belegstellen in: Faulkner, Raymond O. (Hg.): <em>The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts<\/em>. Oxford 1969.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Goyon, Jean-Claude: <em>Le Ceremonial d&#8217;Ouverture de la Bouche dans le contexte rituel du temple d&#8217;Edfu<\/em>. Cairo 1972 (f\u00fcr priesterliche Rituale und Hymnen).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dal\u0161\u00ed standardn\u00ed d\u00edla naleznete v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145257\">seznamu literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-227cfcf e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"227cfcf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80fc4a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"80fc4a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o Rovi<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>K\u00fdm byl Ra v egyptsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span>?<\/h3><p>Ra (tak\u00e9 Re, egyptsky R\u02bf, slunce) je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed b\u016fh egyptsk\u00e9ho panteonu a v mnoha period\u00e1ch i \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00fd b\u016fh. Jeho kult byl obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b intenzivn\u00ed ve Star\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i v H\u00e9liopoli (egyptsky Iunu, M\u011bsto sloupu).<\/p><p>Ra denn\u011b pluje na sv\u00e9 slune\u010dn\u00ed b\u00e1rce po obloze, r\u00e1no jako Chepre (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Chrob\u00e1k vrubounovit\u00fd jako staroegyptsk\u00fd symbol vznik\u00e1n\u00ed a obnovy.\" tabindex=\"0\">skarabeus<\/span>), v poledne jako Ra (sokol), ve\u010der jako Atum (star\u00fd mu\u017e). V noci proch\u00e1z\u00ed dvan\u00e1cti hodinami podsv\u011bt\u00ed, kde bojuje proti hadu chaosu Apopovi.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Jak souvis\u00ed Ra, Amon a Aton?<\/h3><p>V pr\u016fb\u011bhu egyptsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin se r\u016fzn\u00e9 koncepty slune\u010dn\u00edho boha spojovaly. Ra byl p\u016fvodn\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed b\u016fh H\u00e9liopole. Ve St\u0159edn\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161i se Amon z Th\u00e9b spojil s Rem v Amona-Ra, \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9ho boha Nov\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.<\/p><p>Achnaton (1351-1334 p\u0159. n. l.) se ve sv\u00e9 reform\u011b Atona pokusil nahradit v\u0161echny bohy abstraktn\u00edm slune\u010dn\u00edm aspektem Atonem, jde o jedinou zn\u00e1mou monoteistickou reformu egyptsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch d\u011bjin, kter\u00e1 v\u0161ak byla po jeho smrti rychle zru\u0161ena.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Wer war Ra in der \u00e4gyptischen Mythologie?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Ra (auch Re, \u00e4gyptisch R\u02bf, die Sonne) ist der h\u00f6chste Sonnengott des \u00e4gyptischen Pantheons und in vielen Perioden Reichsgott. Seine Verehrung war besonders intensiv im Alten Reich in Heliopolis (\u00e4gyptisch Iunu, Stadt der S\u00e4ule).Ra f\u00e4hrt t\u00e4glich in seiner Sonnenbarke \u00fcber den Himmel, am Morgen als Khepri (Skarab\u00e4us), am Mittag als Ra (Falke), am Abend als Atum (alter Mann). Bei Nacht durchquert er die zw\u00f6lf Stunden der Unterwelt, wo er gegen die Chaosschlange Apophis k\u00e4mpft.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Wie h\u00e4ngen Ra, Amun und Aton zusammen?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Im Verlauf der \u00e4gyptischen Geschichte verschmolzen verschiedene Sonnengott-Konzepte. Ra war der urspr\u00fcngliche Sonnengott von Heliopolis. Im Mittleren Reich wurde Amun von Theben mit Ra zu Amun-Ra verschmolzen, dem Reichsgott des Neuen Reiches.Echnaton (1351-1334 v. Chr.) versuchte in seiner Aton-Reform, alle G\u00f6tter durch den abstrakten Sonnen-Aspekt Aton zu ersetzen, die einzige bekannte monotheistische Reform der \u00e4gyptischen Religionsgeschichte, die aber nach seinem Tod schnell r\u00fcckg\u00e4ngig gemacht wurde.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1547,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Ra","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Ra \u2013 egyptsk\u00fd b\u016fh slunce a stvo\u0159itel","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Stvo\u0159itelsk\u00e1 s\u00edla, synkretismy (Atum-Ra, Amun-Ra), boj proti Apofisovi, Heliopolis, Kniha mrtv\u00fdch a paralely k H\u00e9liovi, Sol Invictovi, S\u00farjovi.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"aegypten","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145241","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ra \u2013 egyptsk\u00fd b\u016fh slunce a stvo\u0159itel<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Stvo\u0159itelsk\u00e1 s\u00edla, synkretismy (Atum-Ra, Amun-Ra), boj proti Apofisovi, Heliopolis, Kniha mrtv\u00fdch a paralely k H\u00e9liovi, Sol Invictovi, S\u00farjovi.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/ra\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" 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