{"id":145201,"date":"2026-09-03T16:28:02","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:28:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145201"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:49:34","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:49:34","slug":"gyalpo","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/gyalpo\/","title":{"rendered":"Gyalpo"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145201\" class=\"elementor elementor-145201 elementor-1338\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gyalpo, duch \u0161koly rNying-ma<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gyalpo je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nehmotn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> \u0161koly rNying-ma.<\/p><p>Kr\u00e1lov\u0161t\u00ed d\u00e9moni tibetsk\u00e9 tradice, padl\u00ed mni\u0161i, sesazen\u00ed vl\u00e1dci, pomstychtiv\u00ed duchov\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duch: Nehmotn\u00e1 nebo polozt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00e1 bytost, zesnul\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed bytosti, dom\u00e1c\u00ed duchov\u00e9 nebo str\u00e1\u017eci prahu. P\u016fsob\u00ed v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b, \u010dasto v\u00e1z\u00e1n na m\u00edsta nebo rodiny.\">Duch<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145188\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tibetsko-buddhistick\u00e1 a b\u00f6nsk\u00e1 tradice, jidam, dharmap\u00e1la, sv\u011bt n\u00e1g\u016f.\">Tibet<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"T\u0159\u00edda ochrann\u00fdch bo\u017estev tibetsk\u00e9ho buddhismu.\">Dharmap\u0101la<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_tibet_gyalpo-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1675\" alt=\"Gyalpo\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_tibet_gyalpo-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_tibet_gyalpo-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_tibet_gyalpo-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_tibet_gyalpo.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gyalpo (rgyal po)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gyalpo (tib. <em>rgyal po<\/em>, \u201ekr\u00e1l\u201c) tvo\u0159\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 ob\u00e1vanou t\u0159\u00eddu tibetsk\u00fdch duchovn\u00edch bytost\u00ed.<\/p><p>Pojem \u201ekr\u00e1lov\u0161t\u00ed d\u00e9moni\u201c ozna\u010duje duchy lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed za sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota zast\u00e1vali vysok\u00e9 postaven\u00ed, mnich\u016f, opat\u016f, kn\u00ed\u017eat, u\u010denc\u016f, a kte\u0159\u00ed se po smrti ze zklam\u00e1n\u00ed, hn\u011bvu nebo touhy po moci vracej\u00ed jako pomstychtiv\u00ed duchov\u00e9. Jejich vysok\u00e9 intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed a duchovn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed je \u010din\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi ne\u017e oby\u010dejn\u00e9 neklidn\u00e9 zesnul\u00e9.<\/p><p>Gyalpo v\u011bt\u0161inou ne\u00fato\u010d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo fyzicky; p\u016fsob\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm posedlosti, sv\u00e1ru, pochybnost\u00ed, odpadnut\u00ed od v\u00edry, konflikt\u016f v kl\u00e1\u0161terech a rodin\u00e1ch. V tantrick\u00e9 praxi jsou pomoc\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch ritu\u00e1l\u016f zapuzeni, spout\u00e1ni nebo v ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b integrov\u00e1ni jako sv\u00e1zan\u00ed ochrann\u00ed duchov\u00e9 do <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduismu povinnost a kosmick\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d; v buddhismu Buddhovo u\u010den\u00ed.\">dharmy<\/span>.<\/p><div><h3>Spout\u00e1n\u00ed Padmasambhavou a \u00fazemn\u00ed kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed<\/h3><p>V\u011bt\u0161ina tradic <em>Gyalpo<\/em> je \u00fazce spojena s p\u016fsoben\u00edm mistra <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Legend\u00e1rn\u00ed indick\u00fd tantrik (8. stol.); p\u0159inesl buddhismus do Tibetu.\">Padmasambhavy<\/span>, kter\u00fd v 8. stolet\u00ed p\u0159isp\u011bl k buddhaizaci Tibetu. Podle tradice Padmasambhava p\u0159ivolal mocn\u00e9 m\u00edstn\u00ed duchy, mezi nimi mnoho Gyalpo, a zkrotil je pomoc\u00ed magick\u00fdch smluv. Tito Gyalpo byli zav\u00e1z\u00e1ni chr\u00e1nit <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V indick\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch u\u010den\u00ed a spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">dharmu<\/span> a u\u017e ne\u0161kodit lidem.<\/p><p>Spout\u00e1n\u00ed Gyalpo Padmasambhavou nen\u00ed zni\u010den\u00edm jejich moci, n\u00fdbr\u017e nov\u00fdm zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm: z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u00fazemn\u00ed, mocn\u00ed a nebezpe\u010dn\u00ed, ale jejich agresivita je uvedena do slu\u017eby buddhismu. Tato transformace ukazuje, jak nebylo m\u00edstn\u00ed vytla\u010deno, n\u00fdbr\u017e integrov\u00e1no.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rychl\u00fd p\u0159ehled: Gyalpo<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> Kr\u00e1lov\u0161t\u00ed d\u00e9moni, pomstychtiv\u00ed duchov\u00e9 vysoce postaven\u00fdch zesnul\u00fdch<br>P\u016fvod: Padl\u00ed mni\u0161i, sesazen\u00ed vl\u00e1dci, ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed u\u010denci<br>Texty: Cykly Padmasambhavy, terma texty \u0161koly Nyingma, ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edru\u010dky sv\u00e1zan\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch duch\u016f<br>P\u016fsoben\u00ed: Posedlost, sv\u00e1r, pochybnosti, odpadnut\u00ed od v\u00edry, intriky v kl\u00e1\u0161terech<br>Obrana: Tantrick\u00e9 zapuzovac\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly, ob\u0159ady torma, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo vz\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed osloven\u00ed bo\u017estva \u010di moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> ochrann\u00fdch bo\u017estev<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klaerung1777534985 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klaerung1777534985\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klar1777534985 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"klar1777534985\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><em><strong>Odli\u0161en\u00ed od Mamo:<\/strong> Na rozd\u00edl od <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145203\">Mamo<\/a>, \u017eensk\u00fdch temn\u00fdch mat\u010d\u00edch duch\u016f, jsou Gyalpo mu\u017e\u0161t\u00ed <strong>kr\u00e1lov\u0161t\u00ed d\u00e9moni<\/strong>, padl\u00ed mni\u0161i a sesazen\u00ed kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 tibetsk\u00e9 tradice, jejich\u017e nen\u00e1vist a \u017e\u00e1rlivost je poh\u00e1n\u00ed k neblah\u00fdm skutk\u016fm.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontext<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kategorie Gyalpo vznik\u00e1 v hustot\u011b tibetsk\u00fdch kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00edch d\u011bjin, v nich\u017e se opakovan\u011b vyhrocovaly konflikty mezi mocn\u00fdmi mnichy a veden\u00edm jejich \u0159\u00e1d\u016f. Historicky je spojena s postavami, kter\u00e9 se po n\u00e1siln\u00e9 smrti nebo zklam\u00e1n\u00ed maj\u00ed vracet jako duchov\u00e9.<\/p><p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 slavn\u00fdm Gyalpo je <em>Dorje Shugden<\/em>, postava, kter\u00e1 se objevuje v 17. stolet\u00ed a a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti je zdrojem teologick\u00fdch kontroverz\u00ed uvnit\u0159 \u0161koly Gelug. Jin\u00ed Gyalpo byli v pr\u016fb\u011bhu cykl\u016f Padmasambhavy spout\u00e1ni a integrov\u00e1ni do <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonu<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gyalpo jsou v\u00e1z\u00e1ni na kl\u00e1\u0161tery, b\u00fdval\u00e1 s\u00eddla vysoce postaven\u00fdch lam\u016f, historick\u00e1 boji\u0161t\u011b a m\u00edsta politick\u00fdch konflikt\u016f. Kl\u00e1\u0161tery v oblasti Amdo a Khamu znaj\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 m\u00edstn\u00ed tradice o Gyalpo; i v j\u00e1drov\u00fdch oblastech centr\u00e1ln\u00edho Tibetu existuj\u00ed slavn\u00e9 svatyn\u011b Gyalpo.<\/p><p>Modern\u00ed kulty Gyalpo se d\u00e1le diferencovaly mezi tibetsk\u00fdmi exulanty; kontroverze kolem Dorje Shugdena z\u00edskaly celosv\u011btov\u00e9 rozv\u011btven\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 prameny: Cykly Padmasambhavy s vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edmi o podroben\u00ed; terma texty \u0161koly Nyingma; ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edru\u010dky jednotliv\u00fdch kl\u00e1\u0161ter\u016f. K t\u00e9matu Dorje Shugden existuje rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 modern\u00ed literatura. Standardn\u00ed d\u00edla: Nebesky-Wojkowitz (1956); Dreyfus, Georges (1998) \u201eThe Shuk-den Affair\u201c; Cabez\u00f3n, Jos\u00e9 Ignacio (ed. 1997) Buddhism and Language.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ozna\u010den\u00ed a zp\u016fsoby psan\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tibetsk\u00e9 <em>rgyal po<\/em> znamen\u00e1 doslova \u201ekr\u00e1l, vl\u00e1dce\u201c.<\/p><ul><li><strong>Rgyal chen<\/strong>, \u201evelk\u00fd kr\u00e1l\u201c; nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed Gyalpo.<\/li><li>Pehar rgyal po, Pehar; historicky v\u00fdznamn\u00fd, institucionalizovan\u00fd v nechungsk\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u00edsto nebo instituce, kde se z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 bo\u017esk\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f.\" tabindex=\"0\">or\u00e1kulu<\/span>.<\/li><li>Dorje Shugden, sporn\u00fd Gyalpo tradice Gelug.<\/li><li>Tsiu Marpo, dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd Gyalpo, spojen\u00fd s kl\u00e1\u0161terem Samye.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Povahov\u00e9 rysy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Vzhled.<\/strong> Ikonografick\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed se li\u0161\u00ed. \u010casto se objevuj\u00ed jako b\u011blotv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nebo bled\u011b \u017elut\u00e1 mu\u017esk\u00e1 postava s kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00ed \u010dapkou, zlat\u00fdmi \u0161perky a j\u00edzdn\u00edm kon\u011bm. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed gjalpo (jako Tsiu Marpo) jsou \u010derven\u00ed; Dord\u017ee \u0160ugden je zobrazov\u00e1n jako d\u011bsiv\u00fd \u017elut\u00fd v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk na sne\u017en\u00e9m lvu.<\/p><p>Chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Gjalpo p\u016fsob\u00ed nen\u00e1padn\u011b. Pronikaj\u00ed do sn\u016f, zas\u00e9vaj\u00ed pochybnosti, vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed neshody mezi spolubratry a spory v rodin\u00e1ch. V z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed lidi k posednut\u00ed, vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed a odpad od v\u00edry.<\/p><p>Vazba. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm tantrick\u00fdch ritu\u00e1l\u016f sv\u00e1zan\u00ed se gjalpo mohou st\u00e1t mocn\u00fdmi ochrann\u00fdmi duchy, jejich nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 povaha ale z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 a mus\u00ed b\u00fdt krocena spr\u00e1vnou p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed.<\/p><div><h3>Pehar jako nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed gjalpo<\/h3><p>Ze v\u0161ech gjalpo je nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed <em>Pehar<\/em>. Podle <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00fastn\u00ed tradice<\/span> byl Pehar p\u016fvodn\u011b v\u00e1le\u010dnick\u00fdm kr\u00e1lem, kter\u00fd se po smrti stal mocn\u00fdm gjalpo. Byl um\u00edst\u011bn do zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mal\u00e9 svat\u00e9 \u00falo\u017en\u00e9 m\u00edsto nebo m\u00edsto uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">svatyn\u011b<\/span> v kl\u00e1\u0161te\u0159e Samje. Pehar je \u010dasto zobrazov\u00e1n jako v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd b\u016fh se zbroj\u00ed a zbran\u00ed.<\/p><p>Jeho vztah k tibetsk\u00e9mu st\u00e1tu a kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00ed autorit\u011b byl v\u017edy ambivalentn\u00ed: na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b byl ustanoven jako ochr\u00e1nce <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V indick\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nauka a spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">dharmy<\/span> a n\u00e1roda, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b byl ob\u00e1v\u00e1n jako bytost, je\u017e trest\u00e1 neposlu\u0161nost morem a politick\u00fdmi nepokoji.<\/p><p>Nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tradice ch\u00e1pou Pehara jako m\u00edsto politick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed: m\u00edstn\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dnick\u00fd kr\u00e1l, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159etvo\u0159en na st\u00e1tn\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 bo\u017estvo, si v\u0161ak zachoval svou p\u016fvodn\u00ed povahu.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Gjalpo<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekty gjalpo v p\u0159ehledu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fvod<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Padl\u00ed mni\u0161i, ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed opati, sesazen\u00ed kn\u00ed\u017eata, kte\u0159\u00ed se po konfliktn\u00ed smrti vracej\u00ed jako pomstychtiv\u00ed duchov\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Adres\u00e1ti<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mni\u0161i a lamov\u00e9, zejm\u00e9na v linijn\u00edch spisech; rodiny vysoce postaven\u00fdch zem\u0159el\u00fdch; politi\u010dt\u00ed odp\u016frci historick\u00fdch postav gjalpo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vzhled<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00ed mu\u017esk\u00e1 postava s \u010dapkou a zlat\u00fdmi \u0161perky, na j\u00edzdn\u00edm koni nebo sne\u017en\u00e9m lvu; podle konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed postavy b\u00edl\u00e1, \u017elut\u00e1 nebo \u010derven\u00e1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fsobnost<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Posednut\u00ed, pochybnosti, odpad od v\u00edry, intriky, spory mezi duchovn\u00edmi, rozpad kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00edch spole\u010denstv\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Formy ochrany<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tantrick\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly zakl\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed podle vzoru Padmasambhavy; ceremonie s tormami; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo vz\u00fdvac\u00ed osloven\u00ed bo\u017estva \u010di moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> velk\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch bo\u017estev (Mah\u00e1k\u00e1la, Palden Lhamo); d\u016fsledn\u00e9 dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011brnosti linii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Srovnateln\u00e9 bytosti<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Japon\u0161t\u00ed <em>gory\u014d<\/em> (pomstychtiv\u00ed duchov\u00e9 vysoce postaven\u00fdch osob); evropsk\u00e1 \u201eproklet\u00e1 kn\u00ed\u017eata\u201c; indi\u010dt\u00ed <em>bh\u016bta<\/em> a <em>preta<\/em> vysoce postaven\u00fdch zem\u0159el\u00fdch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrana v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tantrick\u00e9 vym\u00edtac\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly.<\/strong> Velk\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly jako ob\u0159ady Drak-p\u00f6-Ngagpa v\u00e1\u017eou jednotliv\u00e9 gjalpo p\u0159\u00edsahou k ur\u010dit\u00fdm svatyn\u00edm. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritu\u00e1l<\/span> je slo\u017eit\u00fd a mus\u00ed jej v\u00e9st kvalifikovan\u00fd lama.<\/p><p>Ob\u0159ady s tormou. Pravideln\u00e9 ob\u011bti torma v kl\u00e1\u0161terech udr\u017euj\u00ed v\u00e1zan\u00e9 gjalpo v p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9m rozpolo\u017een\u00ed; jejich zanedb\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo zakl\u00ednac\u00ed osloven\u00ed bo\u017estva \u010di moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">Vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> velk\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch bo\u017estev. Mah\u00e1k\u00e1la a Palden Lhamo jako vysoc\u00ed dharmap\u00e1lov\u00e9 jsou vz\u00fdv\u00e1ni, pokud se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 vliv gjalpo.<\/p><p>V\u011brnost tradi\u010dn\u00ed linii. Tradi\u010dn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010de o linii u\u010den\u00ed, \u00facta k u\u010ditel\u016fm a vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se politick\u00fdm pletich\u00e1m v kl\u00e1\u0161te\u0159e jsou nejlep\u0161\u00ed ochranou proti \u00fatok\u016fm gjalpo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gjalpo, paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Japonsko.<\/strong> <em>Gory\u014d<\/em>, pomstychtiv\u00ed duchov\u00e9 vysoce postaven\u00fdch osob (Sugawara no Mi\u010dizane, Taira no Masakado), sd\u00edlej\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed motiv t\u00e9to postavy, v\u010detn\u011b pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edho zapojen\u00ed jako ochrann\u00e9ho bo\u017estva.<\/p><p>Indie. <em>Bh\u016bta<\/em> a <em>preta<\/em> vysoce postaven\u00fdch zem\u0159el\u00fdch v indick\u00e9 tradici znaj\u00ed podobn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy; tantrick\u00e1 metoda zakl\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed je spole\u010dn\u00fdm d\u011bdictv\u00edm.<\/p><p>Evropa. Motivy proklet\u00fdch kn\u00ed\u017eat, kte\u0159\u00ed se vracej\u00ed jako duchov\u00e9, se objevuj\u00ed v anglick\u00e9, skotsk\u00e9 a n\u011bmeckojazy\u010dn\u00e9 pov\u011bs\u0165ov\u00e9 literatu\u0159e.<\/p><p>Mongolsko. D\u00edky buddhistick\u00e9mu pronik\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159evzala mongolsk\u00e1 tradice postavy podobn\u00e9 gjalpo i jejich ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p><div><h3>Ochrann\u00e1 funkce a nov\u00e9 vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed autority<\/h3><p>Ochrann\u00e1 funkce gjalpo ukazuje subtiln\u00ed teologick\u00fd koncept: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> se sklonem ke \u0161kozen\u00ed se prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm smlouvy st\u00e1v\u00e1 ochr\u00e1ncem. Jde o pragmatick\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, nikoli o mor\u00e1ln\u00ed o\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Gjalpo chr\u00e1n\u00ed z povinnosti, soucit v tom nehraje roli.<\/p><p>V modern\u00edm Tibetu je uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed gjalpo \u010dasto politizov\u00e1no: jsou ch\u00e1p\u00e1ni jako ochr\u00e1nci tibetsk\u00e9 nez\u00e1vislosti a identity. Duchovn\u00ed praktikuj\u00edc\u00ed pracuj\u00ed s meditacemi na gjalpo, aby chr\u00e1nili m\u00edstn\u00ed centra moci. To ukazuje, jak je p\u0159edbuddhistick\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed duch\u016f znovu aktivov\u00e1no v sou\u010dasn\u00fdch souvislostech.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3a7ccf9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp3a7ccf9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfc9e285 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpfc9e285\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rgjal po jako t\u0159\u00edda kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch duch\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp628c37c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp628c37c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcce5532 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpcce5532\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Rgyal po<\/em> (vyslovov\u00e1no gyalpo) jsou v tibetsk\u00e9 duchov\u011bd\u011b t\u0159\u00eddou kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch duch\u016f.<\/p><p>V\u00fdraz <em>rgyal po<\/em> znamen\u00e1 prost\u011b kr\u00e1l, a pr\u00e1v\u011b v tom spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010d k p\u0159edstav\u011b o jejich p\u016fvodu: podle tradi\u010dn\u00ed nauky se \u010dasto jedn\u00e1 o neklidn\u00e9 duchy zem\u0159el\u00fdch kr\u00e1l\u016f, vysoce postaven\u00fdch lam\u016f nebo mocn\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed, jejich\u017e smrt byla zast\u00edn\u011bna p\u00fdchou, poru\u0161en\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edsahami nebo n\u00e1sil\u00edm.<\/p><p>Siln\u00e1 osobnost, kter\u00e1 nenalezla klid, se tak podle t\u00e9to p\u0159edstavy mohla st\u00e1t obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b mocn\u00fdm a nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchem<\/span>.<\/p><p>Ren\u00e9 de Nebesky-Wojkowitz pojedn\u00e1v\u00e1 o <em>rgyal po<\/em> v d\u00edle <em>Oracles and Demons of Tibet<\/em> jako o jedn\u00e9 z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch t\u0159\u00edd duch\u016f. Ikonograficky se \u010dasto zobrazuj\u00ed b\u00edl\u00ed, v kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9m nebo v\u00e1le\u010dnick\u00e9m od\u011bvu, na koni.<\/p><p>P\u0159isuzuj\u00ed se jim p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm nemoci a poruchy spojen\u00e9 s \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00edm, zmaten\u00edm a n\u00e1hl\u00fdmi du\u0161evn\u00edmi poruchami. \u00datok <em>rgyal po<\/em> byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd, proto\u017ee postihoval nejen t\u011blo, ale i rozum.<\/p><p>Tato t\u0159\u00edda je \u00fazce spojena s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi ochrann\u00fdmi bo\u017estvy Tibetu.<\/p><p>St\u00e1tn\u00ed ochr\u00e1nce <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145310\">Pehar<\/a> je za\u0159azov\u00e1n do t\u0159\u00eddy <em>rgyal po<\/em> a je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za hlavu skupiny p\u011bti kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch duch\u016f, <em>rgyal po sku lnga<\/em>. Zde se projevuje stejn\u00e1 dvoj\u00ed povaha jako u ostatn\u00edch tibetsk\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd duch\u016f: nev\u00e1zan\u00fd <em>rgyal po<\/em> je nebezpe\u010d\u00edm, zat\u00edmco <em>rgyal po<\/em> v\u00e1zan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsahou se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t mocn\u00fdm ochr\u00e1ncem kl\u00e1\u0161ter\u016f a u\u010ditelsk\u00fdch lini\u00ed.<\/p><p>Hranice mezi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no \u0161kodliv\u00e9 nebo dvojzna\u010dn\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9monem<\/span> a ochrann\u00fdm bo\u017estvem prob\u00edh\u00e1 podle vztahu, do kter\u00e9ho je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> postaven, a nikoli podle jeho podstaty.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe8cdb53 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpe8cdb53\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp056653d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp056653d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Motiv poru\u0161en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsahy a nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 smrti<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdde2c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpdde2c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf77fe73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpf77fe73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pro vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o p\u016fvodu <em>rgyal po<\/em> je charakteristick\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> poru\u0161en\u00e9ho slibu. \u010cast\u00fd vyprav\u011b\u010dsk\u00fd vzorec zn\u00ed: \u010dlov\u011bk vysok\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed, lama nebo mnich, um\u00edr\u00e1 ve stavu hn\u011bvu, zran\u011bn\u00e9 p\u00fdchy, poru\u0161en\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Slavnostn\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd slib u\u010din\u011bn\u00fd bo\u017estvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">slibu<\/span> nebo s touhou po pomst\u011b.<\/p><p>M\u00edsto dobr\u00e9ho znovuzrozen\u00ed vznik\u00e1 <em>rgyal po<\/em>, jeho\u017e p\u016fvodn\u00ed duchovn\u00ed moc z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 zachov\u00e1na, ale nyn\u00ed se obrac\u00ed destruktivn\u00edm sm\u011brem. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee dan\u00e1 osoba byla za \u017eivota n\u00e1bo\u017eensky nebo politicky mocn\u00e1, je z n\u00ed vze\u0161l\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd.<\/p><p>Tento vzorec spojuje p\u0159edstavu <em>rgyal po<\/em> se samotn\u00fdmi d\u011bjinami tibetsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. N\u011bkolik tibetsk\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch a sporn\u00fdch bo\u017estev m\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o p\u016fvodu, v nich\u017e na po\u010d\u00e1tku stoj\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd konflikt, roztr\u017eka mezi u\u010ditelem a \u017e\u00e1kem nebo poru\u0161en\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Slavnostn\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd slib u\u010din\u011bn\u00fd bo\u017estvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">slib<\/span>.<\/p><p>Sporn\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed jako bo\u017esk\u00e1.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>, kter\u00e9 se v nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tibetsko-buddhistick\u00e9 historii pod jm\u00e9nem Dorje Shugden stalo p\u0159edm\u011btem v\u00e1\u0161niv\u00fdch debat, pat\u0159\u00ed podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch v\u00fdklad\u016f do tohoto okruhu kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch duch\u016f vze\u0161l\u00fdch z dramatick\u00e9 smrti. Badatel\u00e9 tato za\u0159azen\u00ed posuzuj\u00ed kontroverzn\u011b a v souvislosti s p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdmi sekt\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi spory.<\/p><p>Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed zach\u00e1zen\u00ed se \u0159\u00eddilo zn\u00e1mou logikou: <em>rgyal po<\/em> musel b\u00fdt bu\u010f vypuzen a podroben, nebo, pokud byl dostate\u010dn\u011b siln\u00fd a v\u00e1z\u00e1n k u\u010den\u00ed, uct\u00edv\u00e1n jako ochr\u00e1nce a v t\u00e9to roli udr\u017eov\u00e1n pravideln\u00fdmi ob\u011btn\u00edmi dary a recitac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsah.<\/p><p>Toto pouto bylo pova\u017eov\u00e1no za trvale nejist\u00e9. Zanedban\u00fd ochr\u00e1nce <em>rgyal po<\/em> se mohl obr\u00e1tit proti vlastn\u00edmu spole\u010denstv\u00ed. Tato t\u0159\u00edda je tak zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem tibetsk\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy, \u017ee moc nen\u00ed ani dobr\u00e1, ani zl\u00e1, ale mus\u00ed b\u00fdt \u0159\u00edzena.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Doporu\u010den\u00e9 intern\u00ed odkazy:<\/p><ul><li>Kulturn\u00ed str\u00e1nka <strong>Tibet<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Dal\u0161\u00ed samostatn\u00e9 profily z Tibetu: <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145199\">Lu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145200\">Tsen<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145202\">Nyen<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145203\">Mamo<\/a>.<\/li><li>Paralely: <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145186\">Japonsko<\/a> (Y\u016brei\/<a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145192\">Gory\u014d<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145169\">Buddhismus<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (v\u00fdb\u011br)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Stru\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch prac\u00ed o Gyalpo:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Dreyfus, Georges: <em>The Shuk-den Affair: Origins of a Controversy.<\/em> In: Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 21\/2 (1998), s. 227, 270.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Cabez\u00f3n, Jos\u00e9 Ignacio (ed.): <em>Buddhism and Language.<\/em> SUNY Press, Albany 1994.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><p><strong>Standardn\u00ed literatura (Tibet):<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet><strong>Blondeau, Anne-Marie (ed.)<\/strong>: <em>Tibetan Mountain Deities. Verlag der \u00d6sterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 1998.<\/em><\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet><strong>de Nebesky-Wojkowitz, Ren\u00e9<\/strong>: <em>Oracles and Demons of Tibet. Mouton, The Hague 1956.<\/em><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dal\u0161\u00ed standardn\u00ed d\u00edla v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145257\">seznamu literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-gyalpo-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-gyalpo-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-gyalpo\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-gyalpo-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-gyalpo-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Popsan\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 praxe je religionistick\u00fdm za\u0159azen\u00edm historick\u00fdch tradic. iWell Guard navazuje na tuto kulturn\u011b-historickou linii nositeln\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a p\u0159edstavuje jej\u00ed sou\u010dasnou podobu. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1675,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Gyalpo duch","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Gyalpo - duch \u0161koly rNying-ma","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Kr\u00e1lov\u0161t\u00ed d\u00e9moni tibetsk\u00e9 tradice: padl\u00ed mni\u0161i, sesazen\u00ed vl\u00e1dci, pomstychtiv\u00ed duchov\u00e9. Religionistick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"tibet","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145201","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gyalpo - duch \u0161koly rNying-ma<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kr\u00e1lov\u0161t\u00ed d\u00e9moni tibetsk\u00e9 tradice: padl\u00ed mni\u0161i, sesazen\u00ed vl\u00e1dci, pomstychtiv\u00ed duchov\u00e9. 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