{"id":145195,"date":"2026-09-03T16:27:58","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:27:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145195"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:49:23","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:49:23","slug":"gwishin","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/gwishin\/","title":{"rendered":"Gwishin"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145195\" class=\"elementor elementor-145195 elementor-1331\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gwishin, duch korejsk\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gwishin je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> korejsk\u00e9 tradice.<\/p><p>Duchov\u00e9 zem\u0159el\u00fdch v korejsk\u00e9 tradici, n\u00e1vrat z nedokon\u010den\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duch: Net\u011blesn\u00e1 nebo polot\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, zem\u0159el\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed bytosti, dom\u00e1c\u00ed duchov\u00e9 nebo str\u00e1\u017eci prahu. P\u016fsob\u00ed v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b, \u010dasto v\u00e1z\u00e1n na m\u00edsta nebo rodiny.\">Duch<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145187\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Korejsk\u00fd sv\u011bt boh\u016f, \u0161aman\u016f a lidov\u00fdch duch\u016f.\">Korea<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1705\" alt=\"Gwishin\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gwishin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gwishin (\uadc0\uc2e0, \u9b3c\u795e) je korejsk\u00fd souhrnn\u00fd pojem pro duchy zem\u0159el\u00fdch. Slovo znamen\u00e1 doslova \u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>\u201c, v sou\u010dasn\u00e9m u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak stoj\u00ed v pop\u0159ed\u00ed duchov\u00e9 zem\u0159el\u00fdch.<\/p><p>Gwishin jsou lid\u00e9, jejich\u017e du\u0161e po smrti nena\u0161ly \u0159\u00e1dnou cestu na onen sv\u011bt, a\u0165 u\u017e z d\u016fvodu nedokon\u010den\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti, nepotrestan\u00e9ho bezpr\u00e1v\u00ed, chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edho poh\u0159bu nebo neproveden\u00fdch ob\u0159ad\u016f za p\u0159edky (<em>jesa<\/em>).<\/p><p>Klasick\u00fdm zjeven\u00edm je \u017eena v b\u00edl\u00e9m smute\u010dn\u00edm od\u011bvu (<em>sobok<\/em>) s dlouh\u00fdmi \u010dern\u00fdmi vlasy zakr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edmi obli\u010dej. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Motiv<\/span> je ikonograficky bl\u00edzce spjat s japonsk\u00fdm Y\u016brei, m\u00e1 ale sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed, konfuci\u00e1nsky ovlivn\u011bn\u00fd z\u00e1klad.<\/p><div><h3><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Tradov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> z doby Joseon<\/h3><p><span data-nosnippet>P\u00edsemn\u00e9 dokumentov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f gwishin se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo v dynastii Joseon (1392, 1897). Sb\u00edrky <em>yadam<\/em> (\u00fastn\u00ed tradice) a <em>paesol<\/em> (anekdoty) byly systematicky zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1ny od 15. stolet\u00ed. Tyto texty vypov\u00eddaj\u00ed o gwishin, kte\u0159\u00ed byli vn\u00edm\u00e1ni sv\u011bdky.<\/span><\/p><p>Od evropsk\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o duch\u00e1ch se li\u0161\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee gwishin nezobrazuj\u00ed jako samostatnou zlou s\u00edlu, n\u00fdbr\u017e jako zoufalou osobu, kter\u00e1 vy\u017eaduje pozornost. Konfucianizace spole\u010dnosti od 16. stolet\u00ed tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> je\u0161t\u011b pos\u00edlila: zem\u0159el\u00fd bez \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch ob\u0159ad\u016f za p\u0159edky je mor\u00e1ln\u011b ztracen a nem\u016f\u017ee odpo\u010d\u00edvat v klidu.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rychl\u00fd p\u0159ehled: Gwishin<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> duch zem\u0159el\u00e9ho<br>P\u016fvod: mrtv\u00ed lid\u00e9 s nedokon\u010denou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed<br>Texty: Samguk Yusa, sb\u00edrky yadam z doby Joseon, \u0161amansk\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed texty<br>Spou\u0161t\u011b\u010d: nepotrestan\u00e9 bezpr\u00e1v\u00ed, neproveden\u00e9 ob\u0159ady za p\u0159edky, n\u00e1siln\u00e1 smrt<br>Ochrana: jesa, \u0161amansk\u00fd gut, buddhistick\u00e9 ob\u0159ady za zem\u0159el\u00e9<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontext<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>P\u0159edstava neklidn\u00fdch duch\u016f zem\u0159el\u00fdch je v Koreji p\u0159\u00edtomna ji\u017e od nejstar\u0161\u00edch p\u00edsemn\u00fdch pramen\u016f. V Samguk Yusa (kolem 1281) se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed epizody vracej\u00edc\u00edch se mrtv\u00fdch. S upevn\u011bn\u00edm konfucianismu v dob\u011b Joseon (1392, 1910) vystupuje do pop\u0159ed\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> zesnul\u00e9ho, kter\u00e9ho znepokojuj\u00ed neproveden\u00e9 ob\u0159ady za p\u0159edky.<\/p><p>Sb\u00edrky <em>yadam<\/em> a <em>paesol<\/em> z doby Joseon obsahuj\u00ed bezpo\u010det p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f o gwishin, kter\u00e9 byly v 19. a 20. stolet\u00ed zaznamen\u00e1ny p\u00edsemn\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o gwishin jsou roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena po cel\u00e9 Koreji. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b hust\u00e1 vyprav\u011b\u010dsk\u00e1 tradice se v\u00e1\u017ee k b\u00fdval\u00fdm soudn\u00edm m\u00edst\u016fm, star\u00fdm \u0161kol\u00e1m a konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00fdm akademi\u00edm (<em>seowon<\/em>), vojensk\u00fdm stanovi\u0161t\u00edm a hrob\u016fm ob\u011bt\u00ed morov\u00fdch n\u00e1kaz. Modern\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e1 literatura a K-drama \u010dasto jako d\u011bji\u0161t\u011b vol\u00ed nemocnice, \u0161koly a stanice metra.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 prameny: Iry\u014fn, Samguk Yusa (kolem 1281); sb\u00edrky yadam z doby Joseon; \u0161amansk\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed texty zaznamenan\u00e9 v 19. a 20. stolet\u00ed.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Modern\u00ed referen\u010dn\u00ed d\u00edla: Kim Tae-gon (1981), Kendall (1985, 2009 \u201eShamans, Nostalgias, and the IMF\u201c), Walraven (1994). Pro film a literaturu: \u0159ada prac\u00ed o \u017e\u00e1nru \u201eK-horror\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ozna\u010den\u00ed a zp\u016fsoby psan\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Doslova \u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>\u201c ze znak\u016f \u9b3c (\u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>, du\u0161e zem\u0159el\u00e9ho\u201c) a \u795e (\u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>\u201c).<\/p><ul><li><strong>Cheonyeo-gwishin<\/strong> (\ucc98\ub140\uadc0\uc2e0), duch panny; \u017eena, kter\u00e1 zem\u0159ela neprovdan\u00e1.<\/li><li>Mongdal-gwishin (\ubabd\ub2ec\uadc0\uc2e0), mu\u017esk\u00fd prot\u011bj\u0161ek; neo\u017een\u011bn\u00fd zem\u0159el\u00fd mu\u017e.<\/li><li>Son-gaksi, v lidov\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd s Cheonyeo.<\/li><li>Mul-gwishin, vodn\u00ed duchov\u00e9; v\u011bt\u0161inou utonul\u00ed.<\/li><li>Dalgyal-gwishin, \u201evejcov\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>\u201c; bezobli\u010dejov\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>, lok\u00e1ln\u00ed varianta.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charakteristiky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Zjev.<\/strong> Klasick\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed: mlad\u00e1 \u017eena v b\u00edl\u00e9m smute\u010dn\u00edm kimonu (<em>sobok<\/em>), dlouh\u00e9 \u010dern\u00e9 vlasy zakr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed obli\u010dej, bled\u00e1 k\u016f\u017ee, ochable sv\u011b\u0161en\u00e9 ruce. N\u011bkter\u00e9 varianty nemaj\u00ed \u00fasta nebo o\u010di.<\/p><p>Chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Gwishin se zjevuj\u00ed na m\u00edstech sv\u00e9 smrti nebo sv\u00e9 nevy\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti. Mluv\u00ed jen z\u0159\u00eddka, na\u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, ukazuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm sv\u016fj z\u00e1m\u011br ve snech nebo n\u011bm\u00fdmi gesty. P\u016fsob\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm poruch vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed, no\u010dn\u00ed mor, chorobn\u00fdch stav\u016f.<\/p><p>\u010cas. Nej\u010dast\u011bji v noci, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b mezi p\u016flnoc\u00ed a t\u0159et\u00ed hodinou; za de\u0161tiv\u00fdch dn\u016f a v noci sedm\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed f\u00e1ze (<em>chilseok<\/em>).<\/p><div><h3>Han jako psychologick\u00e1 a kulturn\u00ed hloubkov\u00e1 vrstva<\/h3><p>Modern\u00ed literatura a filmov\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed \u010dasto \u010dtou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> gwishin psychologicky. Zjeven\u00ed duch\u016f lze ch\u00e1pat jako manifestaci <em>Han<\/em>, korejsk\u00e9ho pocitu potla\u010den\u00e9ho, nahromad\u011bn\u00e9ho z\u00e1rmutku. Gwishin zt\u011bles\u0148uje nejen jednotliv\u00e9ho zesnul\u00e9ho, ale nashrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 utrpen\u00ed rodiny nebo historick\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed.<\/p><p>V tomto smyslu je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> gwishin zrcadlem soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nespravedlnosti: pokud je n\u011bkdo poh\u0159ben bez ohledu na konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00e9 povinnosti, m\u016f\u017ee to modern\u00edmu publiku p\u0159ipadat i jako kritika soci\u00e1ln\u00edch pom\u011br\u016f. K-hororov\u00e9 filmy tento aspekt rozvinuly a d\u011blaj\u00ed z p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f o gwishin metafory nevy\u0159e\u0161en\u00fdch traumat a institucion\u00e1ln\u00edch pochyben\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Gwishin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekty gwishin na jeden pohled.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fvod gwishin<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zesnul\u00ed lid\u00e9 s nevy\u0159\u00edzenou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed nebo nevykonan\u00fdmi p\u0159edkov\u00fdmi ob\u0159ady; m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto jako d\u016fsledek n\u00e1siln\u00e9 smrti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Adres\u00e1ti<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Poz\u016fstal\u00ed, d\u011bdicov\u00e9, osoby odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za smrt; n\u00e1hodn\u00ed sv\u011bdkov\u00e9 na m\u00edst\u011b; roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eno na \u0161kol\u00e1ch a v nemocnic\u00edch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forma<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>B\u00edle od\u011bn\u00e1, dlouhovlas\u00e1, bled\u00e1 postava; \u010dasto se zakryt\u00fdm obli\u010dejem a ochable sv\u011b\u0161en\u00fdmi pa\u017eemi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fsoben\u00ed gwishin<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nemoc, d\u011bs, no\u010dn\u00ed mory, \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed, nehody; v z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech smrt odpov\u011bdn\u00fdch osob.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Formy ochrany<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0158\u00e1dn\u011b proveden\u00e9 ob\u0159ady jesa; \u0161amansk\u00fd <em>gut<\/em> vykonan\u00fd <em>mudang<\/em>; buddhistick\u00e9 ob\u0159ady za zem\u0159el\u00e9; vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nevy\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely gwishin<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Japonsk\u00e9 <strong>Y\u016brei<\/strong> a <em>onry\u014d<\/em>; \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 <em>gu\u01d0<\/em> (viz Gui); evropsk\u00e9 B\u00edl\u00e9 pan\u00ed; indick\u00e9 <em>preta<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e1 praxe<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Jesa.<\/strong> Konfuci\u00e1nsky ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 ob\u0159ady za p\u0159edky se konaj\u00ed ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b v den \u00famrt\u00ed a p\u0159i velk\u00fdch sv\u00e1tc\u00edch Seollal a Chuseok. P\u0159esn\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed pokrm\u016f, n\u00e1dob a ritu\u00e1ln\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f m\u00e1 du\u0161i ukonej\u0161it a p\u0159ipomenout j\u00ed jej\u00ed m\u00edsto v kruhu p\u0159edk\u016f.<\/p><p>Ssitgim-gut. \u0160amansk\u00e9 \u201eo\u010distn\u00e9 gut\u201c v oblasti Jeolla a na ostrov\u011b Jindo uvol\u0148uje pouta zesnul\u00e9ho; mudang p\u0159ivol\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>, promlouv\u00e1 k n\u011bmu, o\u010di\u0161\u0165uje ho, doprov\u00e1z\u00ed ho.<\/p><p>Buddhistick\u00e9 poh\u0159ebn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly. 49denn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0158\u00edzen\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span> (<em>sasiban<\/em>) po smrti s recitac\u00ed s\u00fater; v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ob\u0159ady (<em>cheondo-jae<\/em>) pro zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 neklidn\u00e9 du\u0161e.<\/p><p>Bujok. Vysv\u011bcen\u00e9 pap\u00edrov\u00e9 amulety s \u010derven\u00fdmi znaky, um\u00eds\u0165ovan\u00e9 na r\u00e1m dve\u0159\u00ed nebo v dom\u011b, aby odh\u00e1n\u011bly gwishin.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gwishin, paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Japonsko.<\/strong> Y\u016brei a <em>onry\u014d<\/em> sd\u00edlej\u00ed klasickou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka o obrazov\u00fdch obsaz\u00edch a jejich v\u00fdznamu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografii<\/span> b\u00edl\u00e9, dlouhovlas\u00e9 mrtv\u00e9 \u017eeny; japonsk\u00e1 postava je ovlivn\u011bna v\u00edce buddhisticky, korejsk\u00e1 v\u00edce konfuci\u00e1nsky.<\/p><p>\u010c\u00edna. <em>Gu\u01d0<\/em> (viz Gui) tvo\u0159\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 sinografick\u00e9 slovn\u00ed pole; kontext \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho Sv\u00e1tku duch\u016f sd\u00edl\u00ed motivy.<\/p><p>Evropa. B\u00edl\u00e9 pan\u00ed n\u011bmeckojazy\u010dn\u00e9 a slovansk\u00e9 tradice jsou funk\u010dn\u011b p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9; historick\u00e1 souvislost neexistuje.<\/p><p>Buddhismus. Hladov\u00ed duchov\u00e9 preta sd\u00edlej\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> neklidn\u00fdch, nevy\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch mrtv\u00fdch.<\/p><div><h3>Modern\u00ed recepce a adaptace<\/h3><p>Postava gwishin je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 korejsk\u00e9 kultu\u0159e v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1. Seri\u00e1ly jako <em>Tale of the Nine-Tailed<\/em>, <em>Alchemy of Souls<\/em> a filmy jako <em>A Tale of Two Sisters<\/em> tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed. Tv\u016frci klasickou podobu \u010dasto upravuj\u00ed: gwishin se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed mocn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi, chyt\u0159ej\u0161\u00edmi a mst\u00ed se c\u00edlev\u011bdom\u011bji ne\u017e ve star\u00fdch pod\u00e1n\u00edch.<\/p><p>To se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed i v liter\u00e1rn\u00edch adaptac\u00edch, nap\u0159\u00edklad v pr\u00f3ze Han Kang nebo Kim Ae-ran. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed gwishin je n\u011bm\u00e1, trp\u00edc\u00ed postava; modern\u00ed gwishin je akt\u00e9r, kter\u00fd si sv\u016fj p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh vypr\u00e1v\u00ed s\u00e1m. Tento posun od pasivn\u00ed k aktivn\u00ed bytosti ukazuje reinterpretaci konceptu Han jako siln\u00e9, nikoli jen tragick\u00e9 emoce.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7d7e612 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp7d7e612\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp026e302 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp026e302\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Postaven\u00ed v korejsk\u00e9 p\u0159edstav\u011b o onom sv\u011bt\u011b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c80f6a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2c80f6a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbd89af0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpbd89af0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Pojem <em>gwishin<\/em> (\uadc0\uc2e0) neozna\u010duje v korej\u0161tin\u011b jedin\u00fd druh bytosti, ale celou kategorii: duchy zesnul\u00fdch, kte\u0159\u00ed nepro\u0161li \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm p\u0159echodem na onen sv\u011bt. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed korejsk\u00e1 p\u0159edstava o smrti je siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bna konfucianismem, kter\u00fd byl od obdob\u00ed Joseon (1392 a\u017e 1897) ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed ideologi\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p>Podle t\u00e9to p\u0159edstavy se zesnul\u00fd d\u00edky spr\u00e1vn\u011b proveden\u00fdm smute\u010dn\u00edm a p\u0159edkov\u00fdm ob\u0159ad\u016fm st\u00e1v\u00e1 <em>josang<\/em>, laskav\u00fdm p\u0159edkem, kter\u00fd chr\u00e1n\u00ed potomky. Pokud tyto ob\u0159ady chyb\u00ed nebo byla smrt n\u00e1siln\u00e1, p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e1 \u010di poh\u0159eb neprob\u011bhl, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> ve sv\u011bt\u011b \u017eiv\u00fdch jako <em>gwishin<\/em>.<\/p><p>Tato logika propojuje duchovn\u00ed bytost p\u0159\u00edmo se soci\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0159\u00e1dem. <em>Gwishin<\/em> je m\u00e9n\u011b d\u00e9monickou bytost\u00ed a v\u00edce symptomem naru\u0161en\u00e9ho vztahu mezi \u017eiv\u00fdmi a mrtv\u00fdmi.<\/p><p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 posti\u017eeni jsou lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed zem\u0159eli bez potomk\u016f, proto\u017ee bez mu\u017esk\u00fdch d\u011bdic\u016f chyb\u011bl v konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed adres\u00e1t. \u0160amansk\u00e1 tradice <em>musok<\/em> zde nab\u00edzela dopln\u011bn\u00ed: <em>mudang<\/em>, v\u011bt\u0161inou \u017eensk\u00e9 \u0161amanky, mohly v ob\u0159adech jako <em>ssitgim-gut<\/em> nepokojn\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">ducha<\/span> o\u010distit a usm\u00ed\u0159it.<\/p><p>Religionistick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum, nap\u0159\u00edklad pr\u00e1ce Laurel Kendallov\u00e9 o korejsk\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd syst\u00e9m, v n\u011bm\u017e specialist\u00e9 komunikuj\u00ed se sv\u011btem duch\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161amanismu<\/span>, zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee koncept <em>gwishin<\/em> zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1v\u00e1 mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my. Spojuje konfuci\u00e1nskou povinnost k p\u0159edk\u016fm, buddhistick\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o cyklu znovuzrozen\u00ed a \u0161amanskou praxi.<\/p><p><em>Gwishin<\/em> je tak kulturn\u011b nadur\u010dena: ka\u017ed\u00e1 ze t\u0159\u00ed tradic nab\u00edz\u00ed vlastn\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, pro\u010d zesnul\u00fd nenal\u00e9z\u00e1 klid, a ka\u017ed\u00e1 z\u00e1rove\u0148 vlastn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Tato mnohovrstevnatost vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d je tato bytost tak p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1 v korejsk\u00e9 literatu\u0159e a lidov\u00e9m vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8b36413 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp8b36413\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4a80006 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp4a80006\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gwishin v modern\u00ed popkultu\u0159e<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpce3e698 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpce3e698\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3df2f7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp3df2f7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Od 90. let 20. stolet\u00ed je <em>gwishin<\/em> \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed postavou korejsk\u00e9ho hororov\u00e9ho \u017e\u00e1nru. Film <em>Yeogo goedam<\/em> (Whispering Corridors, 1998) a jeho pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159enesly nepokojn\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">ducha<\/span> do d\u00edv\u010d\u00ed \u0161koly a spojily jej s t\u00e9maty jako tlak na v\u00fdkon, \u0161ikana a institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p>Typick\u00fd obrazov\u00fd vzor, mlad\u00e1 \u017eena v b\u00edl\u00e9m smute\u010dn\u00edm rouchu s dlouh\u00fdmi \u010dern\u00fdmi vlasy zakr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edmi obli\u010dej, od t\u00e9 doby utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed jazyk \u017e\u00e1nru a prol\u00edn\u00e1 se s japonsk\u00fdm <em>y\u016brei<\/em>, ani\u017e by s n\u00edm byl toto\u017en\u00fd.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Televize tuto postavu d\u00e1le rozvinula v letech 2000 a\u017e 2010. Seri\u00e1ly jako <em>Master&#8217;s Sun<\/em> (2013) nebo <em>Hotel del Luna<\/em> (2019) ukazuj\u00ed <em>gwishin<\/em> nejen jako d\u011bsiv\u00e9 postavy, ale jako bytosti s nevy\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdmi z\u00e1le\u017eitostmi, kter\u00fdm \u017eiv\u00ed mohou nebo mus\u00ed pomoci.<\/span><\/p><p>Vyprav\u011b\u010dsk\u00fd vzorec se tak vrac\u00ed k tradi\u010dn\u00ed logice: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> je vysvobozen, jakmile je jeho utrpen\u00ed rozpozn\u00e1no a napraveno. Hororov\u00fd motiv a melodramatick\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> nedokon\u010den\u00e9ho \u017eivota tu le\u017e\u00ed bl\u00edzko sebe.<\/p><p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee popkultura p\u0159i tom \u010dasto zviditel\u0148uje konfuci\u00e1nskou hlubinnou strukturu, ani\u017e by ji p\u0159\u00edmo pojmenovala. Vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o <em>gwishin<\/em> se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy t\u00fdk\u00e1 naru\u0161en\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du: utajen\u00e9 vra\u017edy, pop\u0159en\u00e9ho t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed, zpronev\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed. Modern\u00ed z\u00e1bava tak vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 starou bytost jako n\u00e1stroj spole\u010densk\u00e9 kritiky.<\/p><p>Na rozd\u00edl od z\u00e1padn\u00edch stra\u0161ideln\u00fdch film\u016f, kde <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> \u010dasto z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pouhou hrozbou, vy\u017eaduje korejsk\u00fd <em>gwishin<\/em> obvykle mor\u00e1ln\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f. To jej spojuje s tradi\u010dn\u00edm c\u00edlem \u0161amansk\u00e9ho ob\u0159adu, kter\u00fd nesm\u011b\u0159uje ke zni\u010den\u00ed, ale ke sm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed ducha.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7595c4c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp7595c4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf354b9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf354b9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Han jako emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed j\u00e1dro<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp33b2cae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp33b2cae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa63ff4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa63ff4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>S <em>gwishinem<\/em> \u00fazce souvis\u00ed t\u011b\u017eko p\u0159elo\u017eiteln\u00fd pojem <em>han<\/em> (\ud55c). Ozna\u010duje nahromad\u011bn\u00fd komplex zloby, smutku, ho\u0159kosti a nenapln\u011bn\u00e9 touhy, kter\u00fd se hromad\u00ed b\u011bhem jednoho \u017eivota nebo nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.<\/p><p>Podle lidov\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy je pr\u00e1v\u011b tento <em>han<\/em>, kter\u00fd pout\u00e1 mrtv\u00e9ho k tomuto sv\u011btu a prom\u011b\u0148uje ho v <em>gwishina<\/em>. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1n vliv na sv\u011bt.\" tabindex=\"0\">Duch<\/span> m\u016f\u017ee odej\u00edt a\u017e tehdy, kdy\u017e se <em>han<\/em> rozpust\u00ed, tedy kdy\u017e je uzn\u00e1no sp\u00e1chan\u00e9 bezpr\u00e1v\u00ed a je-li to mo\u017en\u00e9, i vyrovn\u00e1no.<\/p><p>Odborn\u00e1 diskuse o <em>han<\/em> je rozporn\u00e1. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed korej\u0161t\u00ed kulturn\u00ed teoretici 20. stolet\u00ed jej ozna\u010dili za n\u00e1rodn\u00ed povahov\u00fd rys, kter\u00fd vyrostl z historie invaz\u00ed, koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1dy a rozd\u011blen\u00ed zem\u011b.<\/p><p>Jin\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad liter\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u011bdec Michael Shin, varuj\u00ed p\u0159ed esencializac\u00ed <em>han<\/em> jako nad\u010dasov\u00e9 korejsk\u00e9 vlastnosti a upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee samotn\u00e9 pov\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed tohoto pojmu je relativn\u011b ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 konstrukce, \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zprost\u0159edkovan\u00e1 koloni\u00e1ln\u00edm obdob\u00edm.<\/p><p>Pro pochopen\u00ed <em>gwishina<\/em> je tato debata m\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 ne\u017e pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee lidov\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed definuje <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1n vliv na sv\u011bt.\" tabindex=\"0\">ducha<\/span> d\u016fsledn\u011b prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jeho pocitu a utrp\u011bn\u00e9ho bezpr\u00e1v\u00ed, nikoli prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zl\u00e9 povahy.<\/p><p>Z toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 charakteristick\u00e1 asymetrie. <em>Gwishin<\/em> je nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd, ale jeho \u0161koda nikdy nen\u00ed bezc\u00edln\u00e1. Hled\u00e1 pozornost, spravedlnost nebo dokon\u010den\u00ed p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/p><p>P\u0159esn\u011b zde nastupuje \u0161amansk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ust\u00e1len\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span> <em>gut<\/em>: <em>mudang<\/em> d\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1n vliv na sv\u011bt.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchovi<\/span> hlas, umo\u017en\u00ed mu vyj\u00e1d\u0159it sv\u00e9 utrpen\u00ed a pot\u00e9 ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1le\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed k ust\u00e1len\u00e9mu n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9mu ob\u0159adn\u00edmu postupu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1ln\u011b<\/span> vyvede ze sv\u011bta \u017eiv\u00fdch. Kdo se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 korejskou v\u00edrou v duchy, by proto <em>gwishina<\/em> nem\u011bl ch\u00e1pat p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jako hrozbu, ale jako zosobn\u011bn\u00fd po\u017eadavek na vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Doporu\u010den\u00e9 intern\u00ed odkazy:<\/p><ul><li>Kulturn\u00ed str\u00e1nka <strong>Korea<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Dal\u0161\u00ed samostatn\u00e9 profily z Koreje: <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145194\">Dokkaebi<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145196\">Gumiho<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145197\">Cheonyeo-gwishin<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145198\">Jeoseung Saja<\/a>.<\/li><li>Paralely: Y\u016brei (Japonsko), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145181\">Gui<\/a> (\u010c\u00edna), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145177\">Preta<\/a> (buddhismus).<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prameny a literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Stru\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br z\u00e1sadn\u00edch prac\u00ed o Gwishinovi:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Kendall, Laurel: <em>Shamans, Housewives, and Other Restless Spirits: Women in Korean <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ust\u00e1len\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritual<\/span> Life.<\/em> University of Hawai\u02bbi Press, Honolulu 1985.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Kendall, Laurel: <em>Shamans, Nostalgias, and the IMF: South Korean Popular Religion in Motion.<\/em> University of Hawai\u02bbi Press, Honolulu 2009.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Iry\u014fn: <em>Samguk Yusa.<\/em> P\u0159el. Ha Tae-Hung, Grafton K. Mintz. Yonsei University Press, Seoul 1972.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dal\u0161\u00ed standardn\u00ed d\u00edla v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145257\">seznamu literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-gwishin-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-gwishin-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-gwishin\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-gwishin-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-gwishin-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Popsan\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 praxe je religionistick\u00fdm za\u0159azen\u00edm historick\u00fdch tradic. iWell Guard navazuje na tuto kulturn\u011b-historickou linii nositeln\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a p\u0159edstavuje jej\u00ed sou\u010dasnou podobu. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1705,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Gwishin","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Gwishin - n\u00e1vrat z nedokon\u010den\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Gwishin, duchov\u00e9 zem\u0159el\u00fdch v korejsk\u00e9 tradici. N\u00e1vrat z nedokon\u010den\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti: t\u0159\u00eddy, ob\u0159ady a jejich role v korejsk\u00e9 folkloru.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"korea","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145195","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gwishin - n\u00e1vrat z nedokon\u010den\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gwishin, duchov\u00e9 zem\u0159el\u00fdch v korejsk\u00e9 tradici. 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