{"id":145185,"date":"2026-09-03T16:27:52","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:27:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145185"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:49:06","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:49:06","slug":"e-gui","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/e-gui\/","title":{"rendered":"E Gui"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145185\" class=\"elementor elementor-145185 elementor-1215\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">E-Gui, duch \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>E-Gui je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 tradice.<\/p><p><strong>Hladov\u00ed duchov\u00e9 v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m kalend\u00e1\u0159i a lidov\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e.<\/strong><\/p><p>E-Gui (\u9913\u9b3c, hladov\u00ed duchov\u00e9) jsou konceptem t\u0159\u00eddy v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m buddhismu s ko\u0159eny v indick\u00e9 nauce o pretech. Objevuj\u00ed se s tenk\u00fdmi krky, obrovsk\u00fdmi b\u0159\u00ed\u0161ky a neukojiteln\u00fdm hladem jako forma trestu za chamtivost a lakotu v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b.<\/p><p>Sv\u00e1tek Zhongyuan (m\u011bs\u00edc duch\u016f, 7. lun\u00e1rn\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc) je v\u011bnov\u00e1n jejich uct\u011bn\u00ed, buddhistick\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1my<\/span> v tomto obdob\u00ed konaj\u00ed ob\u011btn\u00ed ob\u0159ady ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed utrpen\u00ed t\u011bchto bytost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dif-egui\">E-Gui v Yulanpen-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0158\u00edzen\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lu<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>E-Gui (\u9913\u9b3c, \u201ehladov\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>\u201c) je zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 existence v <strong>buddhistick\u00e9m sch\u00e9matu \u0161esti \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed<\/strong> (<em>liu dao<\/em>). Kdo je v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b karmicky zat\u00ed\u017een <strong>lakotou, chamtivost\u00ed nebo kr\u00e1de\u017e\u00ed j\u00eddla<\/strong>, inkarnuje se v pretaloce, \u0159\u00ed\u0161i hladov\u00fdch duch\u016f. Charakteristika: <strong>nadut\u00e9 b\u0159\u00ed\u0161ko, jehlovit\u00fd krk, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd j\u00edcen<\/strong>, kter\u00fdm by pro\u0161lo j\u00eddlo, v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 utrpen\u00ed hladem.<\/p><p>Vzorov\u00fdm vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edm o vykoupen\u00ed je <strong>Mulian zachra\u0148uje svou matku<\/strong> (Yulanpen-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduismu a buddhismu naukov\u00fd text ve stru\u010dn\u00e9 form\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatra<\/span>, kolem 270 n. l.): Buddh\u016fv \u017e\u00e1k Mulian vid\u00ed svou zesnulou matku v pretaloce, ale nem\u016f\u017ee j\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo pomoci, Buddha mu rad\u00ed, aby 15. den 7. lun\u00e1rn\u00edho m\u011bs\u00edce nasytil <strong>sanghu<\/strong> j\u00eddlem; p\u0159enos z\u00e1sluh matku osvobod\u00ed.<\/p><p>Z toho se vyvinul v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed <strong>sv\u00e1tek Yulanpen<\/strong> (japonsky <em>Obon<\/em>, korejsky <em>Baekjung<\/em>) s ob\u011btinami j\u00eddla a lampionov\u00fdmi ritu\u00e1ly pro hladov\u00e9 duchy.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duch: Nehmotn\u00e1 nebo poloamotn\u00e1 bytost, zem\u0159el\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed bytosti, dom\u00e1c\u00ed duchov\u00e9 nebo str\u00e1\u017eci prah\u016f. P\u016fsob\u00ed v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b, \u010dasto v\u00e1z\u00e1n na m\u00edsto nebo rodinu.\">Duch<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145170\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 bohov\u00e1, duchov\u00e1 a lidov\u00e1 religiozita, taoistick\u00e1, buddhistick\u00e1, konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00e1.\">\u010c\u00edna<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145226\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zem\u0159el\u00ed, jejich\u017e duchov\u00e9 d\u00e1le p\u016fsob\u00ed v tomto sv\u011bt\u011b, dom\u00e1c\u00ed duchov\u00e9, p\u0159edkov\u00e9, neklidn\u00ed mrtv\u00ed.\">Duch mrtv\u00e9ho<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_e-gui-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1679\" alt=\"E Gui\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_e-gui-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_e-gui-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_e-gui-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_e-gui.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">E-Gui<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>E-Gui (\u9913\u9b3c), \u201ehladov\u00ed duchov\u00e9&#8220;, jsou \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm prot\u011bj\u0161kem buddhistick\u00e9ho <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145177\">preta<\/a>. P\u0159i\u0161li z Indie prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm buddhistick\u00e9 mise do \u010c\u00edny a vyvinuli si tam vlastn\u00ed tradici, kter\u00e1 se propojila s daoistick\u00fdm a konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factypln\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultem<\/span> p\u0159edk\u016f.<\/p><p>V \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m kalend\u00e1\u0159i je jim v\u011bnov\u00e1n cel\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc: sedm\u00fd lun\u00e1rn\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc, \u201em\u011bs\u00edc hladov\u00fdch duch\u016f&#8220; (<em>Yulan Yue<\/em>).<\/p><p>B\u011bhem tohoto m\u011bs\u00edce, zejm\u00e9na 15. den (sv\u00e1tek Yulanpen), se podle <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdomost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed mezi generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span> otev\u00edraj\u00ed br\u00e1ny podsv\u011bt\u00ed. E-Gui p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed do sv\u011bta \u017eiv\u00fdch a hledaj\u00ed potravu. V\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed stav\u011bj\u00ed ob\u011btn\u00ed olt\u00e1\u0159e p\u0159ed sv\u00fdmi domy a na ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch m\u00edstech, spaluj\u00ed pap\u00edrov\u00e9 pen\u00edze a dary, p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed s\u00fatry.<\/p><p>Sv\u00e1tek je v Hongkongu, Singapuru, Malajsii a tchajwansk\u00fdch m\u011bstech jednou z nejviditeln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch velk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch akc\u00ed roku. \u00dast\u0159edn\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivem<\/span> je vztah zachra\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edho syna a matky (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pou\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, obvykle o \u017eivot\u011b svat\u00fdch.\" tabindex=\"0\">legenda<\/span> o Mulianovi), kter\u00fd spojuje buddhistickou nauku s konfuci\u00e1nskou etikou synovsk\u00e9 oddanosti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">E-Gui v kostce<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> hladov\u00fd duch, d\u016fsledek znovuzrozen\u00ed karmick\u00e9 chamtivosti<br>P\u016fvod: buddhistick\u00fd koncept preta z Indie, integrovan\u00fd v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed<br>Texty: Ullambana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduismu a buddhismu naukov\u00fd text ve stru\u010dn\u00e9 form\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatra<\/span>, texty Mulian-Bianwen, literatura Yuli<br>Obdob\u00ed: pln\u011b vytvo\u0159en od doby Tang a\u017e po sou\u010dasnost<br>\u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek: Hungry Ghost Festival, 15. den 7. lun\u00e1rn\u00edho m\u011bs\u00edce<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klaerung1777529112 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klaerung1777529112\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klar1777529112 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"klar1777529112\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><em><strong>Odli\u0161en\u00ed od Gui:<\/strong> Na rozd\u00edl od <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145181\">Gui<\/a>, obecn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho souhrnn\u00e9ho ozna\u010den\u00ed pro duchy zem\u0159el\u00fdch, jsou E-Gui specifickou podt\u0159\u00eddou <strong>hladov\u00fdch duch\u016f<\/strong>, bytost\u00ed, jejich\u017e karmick\u00e1 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e je odsuzuje k neukojiteln\u00e9mu hladu; v buddhisticko-\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m sv\u00e1tku Yulanpen maj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed funkci.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ullambana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduismu a buddhismu u\u010debn\u00ed text ve stru\u010dn\u00e9 form\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatra<\/span> p\u0159elo\u017eena do \u010d\u00edn\u0161tiny ve 3. stol. n. l. Legendy o Mulianovi jako texty bianwen od doby Tang (7. 10. stol.). Yuli-Bao-Chao (doba Song, 12. stol.) systematizuje kosmologii pekel a e-gui. Lidov\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed z doby Ming a Qing. Modern\u00ed praxe Festivalu hladov\u00fdch duch\u016f po cel\u00e9 v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hongkong, Tchaj-wan, Singapur a Malajsie s obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b \u017eiv\u00fdmi oslavami. Japonsk\u00fd sv\u00e1tek Obon jako sestersk\u00fd sv\u00e1tek (s p\u0159edstavou gaki). Korejsk\u00e1 tradice Baekjung. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 diaspora v Severn\u00ed Americe a Evrop\u011b slav\u00ed lok\u00e1ln\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ullambana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduismu a buddhismu naukov\u00fd text ve stru\u010dn\u00e9 form\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatra<\/span>, sb\u00edrky Mulian-Bianwen (dunhuangsk\u00e9 rukopisy), Yuli-Bao-Chao, literatura Gui-Yuan-Liu-Zhi (tangsk\u00e9 pozn\u00e1mkov\u00e9 knihy), modern\u00ed etnografie k Hungry Ghost Festivals.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ozna\u010den\u00ed a zp\u016fsoby psan\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u010c\u00ednsky:<\/strong> \u9913\u9b3c (<em>\u00e8 gu\u01d0<\/em>, \u201ehladov\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>&#8222;).<br>Sanskrt: <em>preta<\/em> (z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pojem).<br>Japonsky: <em>Gaki<\/em>.<br>Korejsky: <em>Agwi<\/em>.<br>Odli\u0161en\u00ed od Gui obecn\u011b: E-Gui je specifick\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda, hladov\u00fd duch, nikoli pouze stra\u0161idlo nebo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159edek, jemu\u017e je v mnoha kultur\u00e1ch prokazov\u00e1na \u00facta jako ochrann\u00e9 moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">p\u0159edek<\/span>.<\/p><p>\u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd p\u0159eklad \u9913\u9b3c povy\u0161uje centr\u00e1ln\u00ed rys, hlad, na jm\u00e9no. Zat\u00edmco v Indii \u201epreta&#8220; p\u016fvodn\u011b ozna\u010dovalo v\u0161echny zesnul\u00e9 a teprve pozd\u011bji se z\u00fa\u017eilo na t\u0159\u00eddu hladov\u00fdch duch\u016f, \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd p\u0159eklad sm\u011b\u0159uje p\u0159\u00edmo ke specifick\u00e9mu v\u00fdznamu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Povahov\u00e9 rysy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Vzhled<\/strong><\/p><p>Podobn\u011b jako preta: nafoukl\u00e9 b\u0159icho, hrdlo tenk\u00e9 jako ucho jehly, planouc\u00ed \u00fasta, tenk\u00e9 kon\u010detiny. V \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka o obsahu obraz\u016f a jejich v\u00fdznamu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografii<\/span> zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 n\u00e1zorn\u00e9, panoramata pekel zobrazuj\u00ed davy e-gui\u016f kolem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu na vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed d\u00edk\u016f, prosby nebo uct\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011btn\u00edch<\/span> stol\u016f, neschopn\u00e9 j\u00edst. Ikonografick\u00e1 tradice z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1l\u00e1 od dynastie Tang p\u0159es Song a\u017e po obdob\u00ed Ming a Qing.<\/p><p><strong>Chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>V\u011b\u010dn\u011b hladov\u00ed, neust\u00e1le hledaj\u00edc\u00ed potravu. P\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed k <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu na vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed d\u00edk\u016f, prosby nebo uct\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011btn\u00edm<\/span> alt\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, ale nemohou nic j\u00edst, p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed jen v\u016fni a kou\u0159. V sedm\u00e9m lun\u00e1rn\u00edm m\u011bs\u00edci opou\u0161t\u00ed e-gui podsv\u011bt\u00ed a proch\u00e1z\u00ed sv\u011btem \u017eiv\u00fdch.<\/p><p><strong>P\u016fsobnost<\/strong><\/p><p>S\u00eddlem je oblast pekel (<em>Di Yu<\/em>). V sedm\u00e9m lun\u00e1rn\u00edm m\u011bs\u00edci vyr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na zem. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b na m\u00edstech spojen\u00fdch se zem\u0159el\u00fdmi: h\u0159bitovy, m\u00edsta kremace, d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed domovy. U ob\u011btn\u00edch alt\u00e1\u0159\u016f se shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed v dnech sv\u00e1tku.<\/p><p><strong>Mytologick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Karmick\u00e9 znovuzrozen\u00ed z lakoty, zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed milodar\u016f, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 nev\u011brnosti. Doba pobytu v pretaloce m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt velmi dlouh\u00e1. Jedinou nad\u011bj\u00ed jsou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu na vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed d\u00edk\u016f, prosby nebo uct\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011bti<\/span> poz\u016fstal\u00fdch, zejm\u00e9na prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sanghy (muliansk\u00fd model).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: E-Gui<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekty e-guie na jeden pohled.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fvod e-guie<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Karmick\u00fd d\u016fsledek znovuzrozen\u00ed z lakoty, chamtivosti, zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed milodar\u016f. V \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 adaptaci buddhistick\u00e9ho konceptu prety splynul\u00fd s m\u00edstn\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factypln\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultem<\/span> p\u0159edk\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00edlov\u00e1 skupina e-guie<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zem\u0159el\u00ed s odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm karmou; v kontextu sv\u00e1tku v\u0161ichni neopatrovan\u00ed mrtv\u00ed z okol\u00ed. Nep\u0159\u00edmo i \u017eiv\u00ed, jako v\u00fdzva k velkorysosti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forma<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nafoukl\u00e9 b\u0159icho, hrdlo tenk\u00e9 jako ucho jehly, planouc\u00ed \u00fasta, tenk\u00e9 kon\u010detiny. Klasick\u00e9 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 malby pekel zobrazuj\u00ed tuto postavu velmi podrobn\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fsoben\u00ed e-guie<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 utrpen\u00ed hladem a \u017e\u00edzn\u00ed. Neschopnost j\u00edst, a\u010dkoli se potrava zd\u00e1 dosa\u017eiteln\u00e1. B\u011bhem sv\u00e1tku vyr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed k ob\u011btn\u00edm alt\u00e1\u0159\u016fm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrana p\u0159ed e-guiem<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nikoli obrana, n\u00fdbr\u017e krmen\u00ed a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pevn\u011b stanoven\u00fd, opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd \u00fakon.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span>: ob\u011btn\u00ed dary, spalov\u00e1n\u00ed pap\u00edrov\u00fdch pen\u011bz, recitace s\u00fater, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu na vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed d\u00edk\u016f, prosby nebo uct\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011bti<\/span> sanghy. Ullambansk\u00fd sv\u00e1tek jako institucionalizovan\u00e1 velk\u00e1 forma.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Obdoby<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145177\">Preta<\/a> (indick\u00fd origin\u00e1l), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145174\">Pi\u0161\u00e1\u010da<\/a> (hladov\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span>), Gaki (Japonsko), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145113\">Edimmu<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sv\u00e1tek a praxe<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Yulanpen \/ Sv\u00e1tek hladov\u00fdch duch\u016f<\/h3><p>15. den sedm\u00e9ho lun\u00e1rn\u00edho m\u011bs\u00edce. Rodiny stav\u00ed ob\u011btn\u00ed stoly s r\u00fd\u017e\u00ed, ovocem, \u010dajem, v\u00ednem. Pap\u00edrov\u00e9 pen\u00edze (<em>zhi qian<\/em>) a dal\u0161\u00ed dary se spaluj\u00ed. Na ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch m\u00edstech stoj\u00ed jevi\u0161t\u011b pro \u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchovn\u00ed<\/span> opery&#8220; (tribuny bez sedadel pro div\u00e1ky, duchov\u00e9 sed\u00ed vp\u0159edu). Buddhistick\u00e9 a taoistick\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1my<\/span> nab\u00edzej\u00ed hromadn\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly.<\/p><h3><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pou\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, v\u011bt\u0161inou o \u017eivot\u011b svat\u00fdch.\" tabindex=\"0\">Legenda<\/span> o Mulianovi<\/h3><p>Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span>: Maudgalyayana (\u010d\u00ednsky Mulian) vid\u00ed nadp\u0159irozen\u00fdm zrakem svou matku ve stavu prety. Sna\u017e\u00ed se j\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e9st j\u00eddlo, ale to j\u00ed v \u00fastech vzplane. Buddha ho u\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee ji m\u016f\u017ee zachr\u00e1nit jen kolektivn\u00ed ob\u011btn\u00ed s\u00edla sanghy. Z toho vznik\u00e1 Ullambansk\u00fd sv\u00e1tek.<\/p><h3>Ka\u017edodenn\u00ed praxe<\/h3><p>Mimo sv\u00e1tek: stolek p\u0159edk\u016f doma s denn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravou \u010daje. Na okraji rodinn\u00e9ho j\u00eddla mal\u00fd tal\u00ed\u0159 pro e-gui. Pap\u00edrov\u00e9 dary se nenech\u00e1vaj\u00ed ve vlastn\u00edm byt\u011b (odn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed se ven).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recepce a p\u0159\u00edtomnost<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Region\u00e1ln\u00ed praxe sv\u00e1tku:<\/strong> Hongkong s obrovsk\u00fdmi ob\u011btn\u00edmi alt\u00e1\u0159i na okraj\u00edch ulic, pr\u016fvody pap\u00edrov\u00fdch kr\u00e1mk\u016f. Singapur s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchovn\u00edmi<\/span> operami ve v\u0161ech \u010dtvrt\u00edch. Tchaj-pej se st\u00e1tn\u00ed podporou sv\u00e1tku jako kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd region m\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed d\u016frazy.<\/p><p><strong>Turismus a prom\u011bna:<\/strong> Sv\u00e1tek hladov\u00fdch duch\u016f je st\u00e1le v\u00edce komercializov\u00e1n turisticky, p\u0159esto z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensky \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed. Mlad\u0161\u00ed generace jej udr\u017euj\u00ed v nov\u00fdch form\u00e1ch (online dary, digit\u00e1ln\u00ed alternativy pap\u00edrov\u00fdch pen\u011bz). Lidov\u00e1 religiozita v dialogu s modernost\u00ed.<\/p><p><strong>Popkultura:<\/strong> Modern\u00ed tchajwansk\u00e9 a hongkongsk\u00e9 hororov\u00e9 filmy adaptuj\u00ed motivy e-gui\u016f. Japonsk\u00fd gaki se objevuje v anime (Hozuki no Reitetsu jako pekeln\u00e1 komedie). Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed hororov\u00e1 literatura p\u0159ej\u00edm\u00e1 hladov\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc2466a3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpc2466a3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp690b776 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp690b776\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">E-Gui v buddhistick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu znovuzrozen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0d9763c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp0d9763c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp851e2d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp851e2d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>E-Gui<\/em>, \u201ehladov\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n vliv na sv\u011bt.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>\u201c, byl v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch utv\u00e1\u0159en a systematizov\u00e1n p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm buddhismem. V buddhistick\u00e9m pohledu na sv\u011bt ozna\u010duje jednu ze \u0161esti oblast\u00ed existence, do n\u00ed\u017e se bytost m\u016f\u017ee znovu narodit podle sv\u00e9ho karmy.<\/p><p>Oblast hladov\u00fdch duch\u016f, v sanskrtu <em>preta<\/em>, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed pod lidskou existenc\u00ed, ale nad peklem. Znovuzrozen\u00ed jako E-Gui je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za d\u016fsledek chamtivosti, skrblictv\u00ed a hrabivosti v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b.<\/p><p>Utrpen\u00ed E-Gui spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v neukojiteln\u00e9, nikdy neuspokojen\u00e9 touze. Buddhistick\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka o obrazov\u00fdch motivech a jejich v\u00fdznamu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografie<\/span> pro to vytvo\u0159ila v\u00fdmluvn\u00fd obraz: bytost s obrovsk\u00fdm nafoukl\u00fdm b\u0159ichem a drobou\u010dk\u00fdm, tenk\u00fdm jako jehla, krkem nebo \u00fasty, kter\u00fdmi se sotva dostane potrava.<\/p><p>V n\u011bkter\u00fdch popisech se j\u00eddlo, kter\u00e9 se k E-Gui dostane, zm\u011bn\u00ed v ohe\u0148, hnis nebo v\u00fdkaly, jakmile se ho pokus\u00ed sn\u00edst. Hladov\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n vliv na sv\u011bt.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> je tak zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00edm chamtivosti, kter\u00e1 se sama nikdy nem\u016f\u017ee nasytit.<\/p><p>Tento syst\u00e9m m\u00e1 jasn\u00fd etick\u00fd smysl. E-Gui nen\u00ed sv\u00e9voln\u011b zatracenou bytost\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e v\u00fdsledkem mor\u00e1ln\u00ed souvislosti p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny a n\u00e1sledku. Existence jako hladov\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n vliv na sv\u011bt.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> nav\u00edc nen\u00ed v\u011b\u010dn\u00e1; jakmile je odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed karma splaceno, m\u016f\u017ee nastat znovuzrozen\u00ed ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed oblasti.<\/p><p>E-Gui tak stoj\u00ed v r\u00e1mci nauky, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem je v\u00e9st poslucha\u010de ke st\u0159\u00eddmosti a \u0161t\u011bdrosti. Podobn\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy zn\u00e1 <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145169\">buddhismus<\/a> i v tibetsk\u00e9 a jihoasijsk\u00e9 tradici.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3963f01 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp3963f01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3db8bfd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp3db8bfd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mulian zachra\u0148uje svou matku: kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd m\u00fdtus<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp88f68ef e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp88f68ef\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb2abf02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpb2abf02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edm o hladov\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n vliv na sv\u011bt.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchu<\/span> je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o <em>Mulianovi<\/em>, \u017e\u00e1kovi Buddhy, kter\u00fd osvobod\u00ed svou matku, znovuzrozenou jako hladov\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n vliv na sv\u011bt.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>, z jej\u00edho utrpen\u00ed.<\/p><p>Vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed vych\u00e1z\u00ed z <em>Yulanpen-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduismu a buddhismu stru\u010dn\u00fd pou\u010dn\u00fd text.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatry<\/span><\/em> a v \u010c\u00edn\u011b se stalo nesm\u00edrn\u011b popul\u00e1rn\u00edm; v obdob\u00ed Tang vznikly rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, tzv. <em>bianwen<\/em>, \u201eprom\u011bnn\u00e9 texty\u201c, kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed k nejstar\u0161\u00edm vypr\u00e1v\u011bc\u00edm text\u016fm \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 literatury v lidov\u00e9m jazyce.<\/p><p>Obsah: Mulian, nadan\u00fd nadp\u0159irozen\u00fdmi schopnostmi, hled\u00e1 svou zesnulou matku a nal\u00e9z\u00e1 ji v \u0159\u00ed\u0161i hladov\u00fdch duch\u016f, kde trp\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm hladem, proto\u017ee byla za \u017eivota skrbl\u00e1 a bez l\u00e1sky. Mulian se j\u00ed sna\u017e\u00ed podat j\u00eddlo, ale potrava se j\u00ed v \u00fastech vzplane.<\/p><p>Obr\u00e1t\u00ed se na Buddhu, kter\u00fd mu vysv\u011btl\u00ed, \u017ee matku nem\u016f\u017ee vysvobodit s\u00e1m. Nam\u00edsto toho m\u00e1 patn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho dne sedm\u00e9ho m\u011bs\u00edce p\u0159in\u00e9st dary mni\u0161sk\u00e9 obci; d\u00edky spole\u010dn\u00e9mu p\u0159enosu z\u00e1sluh je matka z postaven\u00ed ducha vysvobozena.<\/p><p>Toto vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1 dvoj\u00ed v\u00fdznam. N\u00e1bo\u017eensky zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 koncept p\u0159enosu z\u00e1sluh: \u017eiv\u00ed mohou skrze zbo\u017en\u00e9 skutky ovlivnit osud zesnul\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch. Kulturn\u011b spojil p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh buddhistickou my\u0161lenku s \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed konfuci\u00e1nskou ctnost\u00ed synovsk\u00e9 oddanosti, <em>xiao<\/em>. Mulian je vzorn\u00fdm synem, kter\u00fd pro matku trp\u00edc\u00ed na onom sv\u011bt\u011b podnikne v\u0161e.<\/p><p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b toto spojen\u00ed buddhistick\u00e9 nauky o vykoupen\u00ed a konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00e9 rodinn\u00e9 etiky u\u010dinilo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed v \u010c\u00edn\u011b tak trvale \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdm a pevn\u011b zakotvilo E-Gui v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9m v\u011bdom\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2a18edd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2a18edd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6942562 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp6942562\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sv\u00e1tek duch\u016f a krmen\u00ed hladov\u00fdch duch\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6c5c3d5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp6c5c3d5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb2986b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpb2986b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Z mulianovsk\u00e9ho okruhu a p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch p\u0159edstav se v \u010c\u00edn\u011b vyvinul sv\u00e1tek <em>Zhongyuan<\/em>, sv\u00e1tek duch\u016f, kter\u00fd se slav\u00ed patn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho dne sedm\u00e9ho lun\u00e1rn\u00edho m\u011bs\u00edce; cel\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc je pak pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u201em\u011bs\u00edc duch\u016f\u201c.<\/p><p>V tomto obdob\u00ed, jak prav\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 p\u0159edstava, se otev\u00edraj\u00ed br\u00e1ny podsv\u011bt\u00ed a mrtv\u00ed, mezi nimi zejm\u00e9na hladov\u00ed duchov\u00e9, se mohou vr\u00e1tit do sv\u011bta \u017eiv\u00fdch.<\/p><p>Ve st\u0159edu sv\u00e1tku stoj\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de o tyto duchy. Rodiny vystavuj\u00ed j\u00eddlo, ovoce a n\u00e1poje, p\u00e1l\u00ed kadidlo a symbolick\u00e9 pen\u00edze. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost je v\u011bnov\u00e1na hladov\u00fdm duch\u016fm bez potomk\u016f, \u201ebezprizorn\u00fdm\u201c mrtv\u00fdm, o n\u011b\u017e se nestar\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 rodina a kte\u0159\u00ed jsou proto pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p><p>Pro n\u011b se stav\u011bj\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 olt\u00e1\u0159e s ob\u011btinami, n\u011bkdy s velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm j\u00eddla. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech k tomu pat\u0159\u00ed ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed krmen\u00ed, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e mni\u0161i recitac\u00ed a mudrami prom\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed potravu tak, aby pro\u0161la \u00fazk\u00fdm hrdlem E-Gui; tyto ritu\u00e1ly navazuj\u00ed na buddhistick\u00e9 texty o vysvobozen\u00ed hladov\u00fdch duch\u016f.<\/p><p>Sv\u00e1tek m\u00e1 vyrovn\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed smysl. Hladov\u00ed duchov\u00e9 jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e9 a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00e9, proto\u017ee jejich nedostatek je nut\u00ed k \u00fatok\u016fm.<\/p><p>T\u00edm, \u017ee je \u017eiv\u00ed po omezenou dobu bohat\u011b zaopat\u0159\u00ed, zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00ed jejich utrpen\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 od sebe odvracej\u00ed ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. Jde o \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 setk\u00e1n\u00ed mezi sv\u011bty: mrtv\u00ed jsou vpu\u0161t\u011bni, host\u011bni a po uplynut\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edce zase propu\u0161t\u011bni.<\/p><p>E-Gui tak nen\u00ed pouze pou\u010dnou postavou text\u016f, n\u00fdbr\u017e adres\u00e1tem \u0161irok\u00e9, ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b se opakuj\u00edc\u00ed ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed praxe, kter\u00e1 je v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch oblastech i v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch komunit\u00e1ch jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie \u017eiv\u00e1 a\u017e do dne\u0161n\u00edch dn\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9d67b10 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9d67b10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp55afeca elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp55afeca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hladov\u00ed duchov\u00e9 mezi buddhismem, taoismem a lidov\u00fdm n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edm<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp83c610a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp83c610a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2827d06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2827d06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>E-Gui je dobr\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem toho, jak se v \u010c\u00edn\u011b vrstvy r\u016fzn\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch tradic prol\u00ednaj\u00ed, ani\u017e by v tom v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed vid\u011bli rozpor.<\/p><p>Hladov\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> je p\u016fvodn\u011b buddhistick\u00fd koncept, kter\u00fd se sanskrtsk\u00fdm v\u00fdrazem <em>preta<\/em> dostal do \u010c\u00edny a byl p\u0159elo\u017een \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm slovem <em>gui<\/em>. <em>Gui<\/em> je v\u0161ak star\u0161\u00ed a \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd pojem, kter\u00fd obecn\u011b ozna\u010duje duchy mrtv\u00fdch a stra\u0161idla a je hluboce zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00fd v dom\u00e1c\u00edm n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/p><p>T\u00edmto p\u0159ekladem se buddhistick\u00fd preta spojil s \u010d\u00ednskou p\u0159edstavou nespokojen\u00e9ho mrtv\u00e9ho. Podle dom\u00e1c\u00ed logiky se \u010dlov\u011bk st\u00e1v\u00e1 nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchem<\/span>, pokud nebyl \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b pochov\u00e1n, nem\u00e1 potomky, kte\u0159\u00ed by mu ob\u011btovali, nebo zem\u0159el n\u00e1silnou smrt\u00ed.<\/p><p>Takto ch\u00e1pan\u00fd hladov\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> se do tohoto stavu dostal m\u00e9n\u011b vlastn\u00ed karmou ne\u017e selh\u00e1n\u00edm \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenskofilozofick\u00e1 tradice orientovan\u00e1 na Tao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">Taoismus<\/span> pak vyvinul vlastn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly k vysvobozen\u00ed trp\u00edc\u00edch mrtv\u00fdch a p\u0159i Sv\u00e1tku duch\u016f po\u0159\u00e1dal sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed ob\u0159ady, tak\u017ee buddhistick\u00e9 a taoistick\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly se praktikovaly vedle sebe nebo se vz\u00e1jemn\u011b prol\u00ednaly.<\/p><p>Pro p\u0159esn\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed je proto d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 rozli\u0161ovat jednotliv\u00e9 vrstvy. Existuje p\u0159esn\u011b definovan\u00fd buddhistick\u00fd E-Gui u\u010den\u00fdch text\u016f s logikou znovuzrozen\u00ed a etick\u00fdm zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00edm prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm chtivosti. Vedle n\u011bj stoj\u00ed lidov\u00e1 podoba hladov\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">ducha<\/span>, kter\u00fd je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zanedban\u00fdm mrtv\u00fdm bez opatrovn\u00edka.<\/p><p>Ob\u011b podoby nesou stejn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no a jsou uct\u00edv\u00e1ny p\u0159i stejn\u00fdch sv\u00e1tc\u00edch, pat\u0159\u00ed v\u0161ak k odli\u0161n\u00fdm my\u0161lenkov\u00fdm syst\u00e9m\u016fm. Badatel\u00e9 popisuj\u00ed tuto sm\u011bsici jako typickou pro \u010d\u00ednskou religiozitu, v n\u00ed\u017e buddhistick\u00e9, taoistick\u00e9 a lidov\u00e9 prvky nejsou odd\u011blen\u00e9, ale za\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 jako praktick\u00e1 jednota.<\/p><p>E-Gui tak stoj\u00ed na pr\u016fse\u010d\u00edku t\u0159\u00ed tradic, a pr\u00e1v\u011b tato v\u00edcevrstevnost jej d\u011bl\u00e1 z n\u00e1bo\u017eenskov\u011bdn\u00edho hlediska tak zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Doporu\u010den\u00e9 intern\u00ed odkazy:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145170\">\u010c\u00edna (taoismus a lidov\u00e1 v\u00edra)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145181\">Gui<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145182\">Yaoguai<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145183\">Jiangshi<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145184\">Huli Jing<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145177\">Preta<\/a> (origin\u00e1l), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145174\">Pi\u0161\u00e1\u010da<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145113\">Edimmu<\/a><\/li><li>Mulianova <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pou\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, nej\u010dast\u011bji o \u017eivot\u011b svat\u00fdch.\" tabindex=\"0\">legenda<\/span> a Ullambana <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduismu a buddhismu stru\u010dn\u011b formulovan\u00fd u\u010den\u00fd text.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatra<\/span><\/li><li>Sv\u00e1tek hladov\u00fdch duch\u016f<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prameny a literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>V\u00fdb\u011br kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch prac\u00ed o E-Gui:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Johnson, David (Hg.): <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritual<\/span> Opera, Operatic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritual<\/span>. \u201eMu-lien Rescues His Mother&#8220; in Chinese Popular Culture<\/em>. Berkeley 1989.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Cole, Alan: <em>Mothers and Sons in Chinese Buddhism<\/em>. Stanford 1998.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Yu, Anthony C.: <em>State and Religion in China<\/em>. Chicago 2005.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Overmyer, Daniel: <em>Folk Buddhist Religion<\/em>. Harvard 1976.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dal\u0161\u00ed standardn\u00ed d\u00edla naleznete v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145257\">seznamu literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-egui-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-egui-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-e-gui\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-egui-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-egui-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Popsan\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 praxe je religionistick\u00fdm za\u0159azen\u00edm historick\u00fdch tradic. iWell Guard navazuje na tuto kulturn\u011b-historickou linii nositeln\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a p\u0159edstavuje jej\u00ed sou\u010dasnou podobu. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1679,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"E-Gui hladov\u00fd duch buddhismus","_yoast_wpseo_title":"E-Gui - hladov\u00ed duchov\u00e9 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho buddhismu","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"E-Gui, hladov\u00ed duchov\u00e9 v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m kalend\u00e1\u0159i a lidov\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e. Sv\u00e1tek duch\u016f, ob\u011btiny a jejich postaven\u00ed","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"china","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145185","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>E-Gui - hladov\u00ed duchov\u00e9 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho buddhismu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"E-Gui, hladov\u00ed duchov\u00e9 v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m kalend\u00e1\u0159i a lidov\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e. 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