{"id":145184,"date":"2026-09-03T16:27:51","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:27:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145184"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:49:06","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:49:06","slug":"huli-jing","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/huli-jing\/","title":{"rendered":"Huli Jing"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145184\" class=\"elementor elementor-145184 elementor-1216\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Huli Jing, duch \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Huli Jing je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e se p\u0159isuzuje p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 tradice.<\/p><p><strong>Li\u0161\u010d\u00ed duch, sv\u016fdkyn\u011b a hleda\u010dka osv\u00edcen\u00ed z\u00e1rove\u0148.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duch: Net\u011blesn\u00e1 nebo polozt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00e1 bytost, zesnul\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed bytosti, dom\u00e1c\u00ed duchov\u00e9 nebo str\u00e1\u017eci prahu. P\u016fsob\u00ed v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b, \u010dasto v\u00e1zan\u00fd na m\u00edsta nebo rodiny.\">Duch<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145170\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 bo\u017estva, duchov\u00e9 a lidov\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, taoistick\u00e9, buddhistick\u00e9, konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00e9.\">\u010c\u00edna<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145229\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zv\u00ed\u0159e-\u010dlov\u011bk bytosti se schopnost\u00ed prom\u011bny, vlkodla\u010d\u00ed, li\u0161\u010d\u00ed, pta\u010d\u00ed nebo had\u00ed podoby.\">M\u011b\u0148avec<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 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data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_huli-jing-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147568\" alt=\"Huli Jing - duchov\u00e9 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 tradice, historicko-ilustrativn\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_huli-jing-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_huli-jing-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_huli-jing-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_huli-jing.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Huli Jing<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Huli-ting (\u72d0\u72f8\u7cbe, \u201eli\u0161\u010d\u00ed esence\u201c) je jedna z nej\u010dast\u011bji liter\u00e1rn\u011b zpracovan\u00fdch postav \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 demonologie. Li\u0161ka, kter\u00e1 d\u00edky dlouh\u00e9mu \u017eivotu a duchovn\u00ed kultivaci p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 lidskou podobu, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy \u017eenskou, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy kr\u00e1snou.<\/p><p>Jej\u00ed ambivalence je programov\u00e1: m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nebezpe\u010dnou sv\u016fdnic\u00ed, kter\u00e1 mu\u017e\u016fm odeb\u00edr\u00e1 <em>jing<\/em> (\u017eivotn\u00ed esenci); m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u011brnou spole\u010dnic\u00ed a miluj\u00edc\u00ed man\u017eelkou; m\u016f\u017ee dokonce usilovat o osv\u00edcen\u00ed a st\u00e1t se taoistkou nebo buddhistkou.<\/p><p>Klasick\u00e1 literatura, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Pu Sung-lingovo d\u00edlo <em>Liaozhai Zhiyi<\/em> (17. stol.) s \u010detn\u00fdmi li\u0161\u010d\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy, zachycuje toto diferencovan\u00e9 obraziv\u00e9 pojet\u00ed: li\u0161\u010d\u00ed duchov\u00e9 nejsou jednodu\u0161e zl\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e komplexn\u00ed osobnosti s vlastn\u00ed histori\u00ed.<\/p><p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fd je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> dev\u00edtiocas\u00e9 li\u0161\u010d\u00ed duchyn\u011b (<em>Jiuweihu<\/em>), kter\u00fd se z \u010c\u00edny roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il do Japonska (Kitsune) a Koreje (Kumiho). Vztah mezi \u010dlov\u011bkem a li\u0161\u010d\u00edm duchem je centr\u00e1ln\u00edm t\u00e9matem \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 literatury, jen\u017e zdaleka p\u0159esahuje hr\u016fzu a demonologii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159ehled: Huli Jing<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> Li\u0161\u010d\u00ed duch, metamorfovan\u00fd yaoguai<br>P\u016fvod: li\u0161ka d\u00edky dlouh\u00e9mu \u017eivotu a kultivaci<br>Stupn\u011b v\u00fdvoje: 50 let (p\u0159em\u011bna), 100 let (kr\u00e1sa), 1000 let (bo\u017eskost, dev\u011bt ohon\u016f)<br>Texty: Hanfeizi, Sou Shen Ji, Tang-Chuanqi, Liaozhai Zhiyi<br>Obdob\u00ed: od p\u0159edimperi\u00e1ln\u00ed doby po sou\u010dasnost<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontext<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prvn\u00ed doklady existuj\u00ed ji\u017e v p\u0159edimperi\u00e1ln\u00ed dob\u011b (Hanfeizi, Zuozhuan s li\u0161\u010d\u00edmi motivy). Doba Han rozv\u00edj\u00ed teorii kultivace. Doba Tang (chuanqi p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy) p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed propracovan\u00e9 li\u0161\u010d\u00ed postavy. Liaozhai Pu Songlinga (17. stol.) p\u0159edstavuje liter\u00e1rn\u00ed vrchol. Modern\u00ed filmov\u00e1 a televizn\u00ed tradice pokra\u010duje nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd kulturn\u00ed prostor. Japonsk\u00e9 Kitsune a korejsk\u00e9 Kumiho jsou p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdmi p\u0159evzet\u00edmi a samostatn\u00fdmi dal\u0161\u00edmi rozvinut\u00edmi. Dev\u00edtiocas\u00e1 li\u0161\u010d\u00ed \u017eena je p\u0159\u00edtomna ve v\u0161ech t\u0159ech v\u00fdchodoasijsk\u00fdch tradic\u00edch. Modern\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed recepce prob\u00edh\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm her a manga.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0160an-chaj-\u0165ing (ran\u00fd), Sou \u0160en \u0164i, tchangsk\u00e9 chuan-\u010dchi (Li Fu-jenova <em>Xu Xuanguai Lu<\/em>), Pu Sung-lingovo Liaozhai Zhiyi, \u0164i J\u00fcnovo Yuewei Caotang Biji, modern\u00ed filmov\u00fd korpus a popkultura.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a varianty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u010c\u00ednsky:<\/strong> \u72d0\u72f8\u7cbe (<em>h\u00fali j\u012bng<\/em>), \u201eli\u0161\u010d\u00ed esence\u201c; zkr\u00e1cen\u011b \u72d0 (<em>h\u00fa<\/em>) nebo \u72d0\u4ed9 (<em>h\u00faxi\u0101n<\/em>, \u201eli\u0161\u010d\u00ed nesmrteln\u00e1\u201c, pozitivn\u00ed).<br>Dev\u00edtiocas\u00e1: \u4e5d\u5c3e\u72d0 (<em>Ji\u01d4w\u011bih\u00fa<\/em>).<br>Japonsky: <em>Kitsune<\/em> (\u72d0), dev\u00edtiocas\u00e1 jako <em>Ky\u016bbi no Kitsune<\/em>.<br>Korejsky: <em>Kumiho<\/em> (\uad6c\ubbf8\ud638, \u201edev\u00edtiocas\u00e1 li\u0161ka\u201c).<br>Etymologie: <em>huli<\/em> je standardn\u00ed slovo pro \u201eli\u0161ka\u201c, <em>jing<\/em> ozna\u010duje sb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed esence.<\/p><p>V\u00fdvojov\u00e9 stupn\u011b jsou v klasick\u00e9 literatu\u0159e systematizov\u00e1ny: 50 let \u2192 p\u0159em\u011bna v atraktivn\u00ed \u017eenu. 100 let \u2192 dokonal\u00e1 lidsk\u00e1 podoba. 1000 let \u2192 bo\u017esk\u00e1 moc, dev\u011bt ocas\u016f, taoistick\u00e1 nesmrtelnost. Tato nauka o stupn\u00edch souvis\u00ed s obecnou taoistickou teori\u00ed kultivace.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charakteristiky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Vzhled<\/h3><p>Lidsk\u00e1 forma: kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 mlad\u00e1 \u017eena, \u010dasto zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b okouzluj\u00edc\u00ed, vzd\u011blan\u00e1, hudebn\u011b nadan\u00e1. P\u0159i odhalen\u00ed: li\u0161\u010d\u00ed ocas viditeln\u00fd pod sukn\u00ed nebo za dve\u0159mi. Pln\u011b vyvinut\u00e1 forma: dev\u00edtiocas\u00e1 li\u0161ka se z\u00e1\u0159ivou srst\u00ed (b\u00edlou nebo zlatou). Ve zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed podob\u011b: oby\u010dejn\u00e1 li\u0161ka.<\/p><h3>Chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3><p>Ambivalentn\u00ed. Star\u0161\u00ed tradice (obdob\u00ed Tchang) \u010dasto zobrazuj\u00ed Huli-ting jako nebezpe\u010dnou sv\u016fdnici, kter\u00e1 odeb\u00edr\u00e1 energii <em>jing<\/em>. Obdob\u00ed Liaozhai je diferencovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: mnoho li\u0161\u010d\u00edch duch\u016f jsou v\u011brn\u00e9 spole\u010dnice, oddan\u00e9 man\u017eelky, n\u00e1pomocn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtelkyn\u011b. N\u011bkter\u00e9 usiluj\u00ed o taoistickou kultivaci a lidskou d\u016fstojnost.<\/p><h3>Oblast p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/h3><p>Ob\u00fdv\u00e1 hroby, star\u00e9 ruiny, li\u0161\u010d\u00ed d\u00edry v odlehl\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch. V lidsk\u00e9 podob\u011b tak\u00e9 ve m\u011bstech a vesnic\u00edch, \u010dasto jako man\u017eelka kupce, poutnice nebo \u010destn\u00e1 \u010dlenka rodiny. Ur\u010dit\u00e9 oblasti (\u0160an-si, severn\u00ed \u010c\u00edna) jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za centra li\u0161\u010d\u00edch duch\u016f.<\/p><h3>Mytologick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/h3><p>Nejde o stvo\u0159en\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e o v\u00fdsledek kultivace. Taoisticky: li\u0161ka je zv\u00ed\u0159e, kter\u00e9 mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b dob\u0159e shroma\u017e\u010fuje <em>yin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m pojet\u00ed p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed s\u00edla, kter\u00e1 v\u0161e prostupuje.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u010dchi<\/span><\/em>, a proto rychle dosp\u00edv\u00e1 ke kultivaci. Lidov\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 tradice uct\u00edv\u00e1 Huxian (\u201eli\u0161\u010d\u00ed nesmrtelnou\u201c) ve vlastn\u00edch chr\u00e1mech, zejm\u00e9na v severn\u00ed \u010c\u00edn\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Huli Jing<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekty Huli Jing na prvn\u00ed pohled.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kulturn\u00ed kontext<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Li\u0161ka d\u00edky dlouh\u00e9 kultivaci. Nauka o stupn\u00edch: 50 let p\u0159em\u011bna, 100 let kr\u00e1sa, 1000 let bo\u017eskost a dev\u011bt ohon\u016f. Taoistick\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159edstava o struktu\u0159e a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologie<\/span> jako r\u00e1mec.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159edm\u011bt p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mlad\u00ed mu\u017ei v kontextu sv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed, u\u010denci a b\u00e1sn\u00edci (vzorec z Liaozhai), poutn\u00edci a obchodn\u00edci. V kladn\u00fdch tradic\u00edch: man\u017eel\u00e9 a rodiny.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zobrazen\u00ed<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 mlad\u00e1 \u017eena v lidsk\u00e9 podob\u011b, s li\u0161\u010d\u00edm ohonem p\u0159i odhalen\u00ed. Pln\u011b rozvinut\u00e1: dev\u00edtiocas\u00e1 li\u0161ka se z\u00e1\u0159ivou srst\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Funkce<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ambivalentn\u00ed. Sv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed a od\u010derp\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed jing (negativn\u011b), nebo v\u011brn\u00e9 partnerstv\u00ed a pom\u00e1haj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost (kladn\u011b). \u010casto usiluje o kultivaci a nesmrtelnost.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Formy ochrany<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>P\u0159i negativn\u00edm projevu: taoistick\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed vyh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed ducha nebo d\u00e9mona, jen\u017e je ch\u00e1p\u00e1n jako \u0161kodliv\u00fd.\" tabindex=\"0\">exorcismus<\/span>, fu-talismany, kohout\u00ed krev, speci\u00e1ln\u00ed mantry. V ambivalentn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech: chytr\u00e1 rozmluva, respekt, prov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed \u00famysl\u016f (liaozhaiovsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy to liter\u00e1rn\u011b zobrazuj\u00ed).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Srovnateln\u00e9 bytosti<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kitsune (Japonsko), Kumiho (Korea), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145175\">Yakshini<\/a> (ambivalentn\u011b sv\u016fdn\u00e1), evropsk\u00e9 v\u00edly s prom\u011bnou ve zv\u00ed\u0159e.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Liter\u00e1rn\u00ed tradice a kult<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Liaozhai cyklus<\/h3><p>Pu Songlingova <em>Liaozhai Zhiyi<\/em> obsahuje mnoho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f o duchu li\u0161ky, n\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u011bsiv\u00e9, mnoh\u00e9 dojemn\u00e9. Li\u0161\u010d\u00ed duchyn\u011b jako komplexn\u00ed osobnost, kter\u00e1 miluje u\u010deneck\u00e9ho hrdinu, chr\u00e1n\u00ed ho a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1. Tento obraz dodnes utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed recepci.<\/p><h3>Huxian-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span><\/h3><p>V severn\u00ed \u010c\u00edn\u011b, zejm\u00e9na v Shanxi a Hebei, existuj\u00ed huxian-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1my<\/span>. Li\u0161\u010d\u00ed duchov\u00e9 jsou v nich uct\u00edv\u00e1ni jako \u201eXian&#8220; (nesmrteln\u00ed), s vlastn\u00edmi ritu\u00e1ly, ob\u011btinami a tradic\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u00edsto nebo instituce, kde se z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 bo\u017esk\u00fd v\u00fdrok.\" tabindex=\"0\">or\u00e1kula<\/span>. Tato praxe je \u017eiv\u00e1 dodnes, po skon\u010den\u00ed kulturn\u00ed revoluce znovu o\u017eila.<\/p><h3>Tangsk\u00e9 chuanqi a klasick\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed<\/h3><p>Vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed z doby Tang (7. 10. stolet\u00ed) polo\u017eila z\u00e1klad liter\u00e1rn\u00edho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivu<\/span> huli jing. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy jako \u201eRen Shi Zhuan&#8220; (\u017divotopis Ren) ukazuj\u00ed li\u0161\u010d\u00ed \u017eenu jako tragicky miluj\u00edc\u00ed postavu. Tato vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed se prom\u00edtla do d\u00edla Pu Songlinga a dodnes utv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed tuto tradici.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recepce a modern\u00ed doba<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>V\u00fdchodoasijsk\u00e9 paralely:<\/strong> Japonsk\u00e1 kitsune s vlastn\u00ed bohatou tradic\u00ed, Inari-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u016fvodn\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Japonska, formovan\u00e9 uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm kami.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161int\u00f3<\/span>, kitsune man\u017eelstv\u00ed, kitsune kouzelnictv\u00ed. Korejsk\u00e9 kumiho v K-dramatech a modern\u00edch filmech. Dev\u00edtiocas\u00e1 li\u0161\u010d\u00ed \u017eena je panv\u00fdchodoasijsk\u00e1 ikona.<\/p><h3>Popkultura mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b<\/h3><p>Anime (Naruto s dev\u00edtiocas\u00fdm), Pok\u00e9mon (Vulpix\/Ninetales), videohry (League of Legends Ahri), \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 seri\u00e1ly (<em>The Untamed<\/em> s vedlej\u0161\u00edmi postavami li\u0161\u010d\u00edch duch\u016f). <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Motiv<\/span> huli jing je p\u0159\u00edtomen celosv\u011btov\u011b, \u010dasto se silnou anime estetikou.<\/p><p><strong>Feministick\u00fd v\u00fdklad:<\/strong> Modern\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 liter\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u011bda \u010dte huli jing jako postavu \u017eensk\u00e9 autonomie v patriarch\u00e1ln\u00edch spole\u010dnostech, li\u0161\u010d\u00ed \u017eena se nepod\u0159izuje rodinn\u00fdm pravidl\u016fm, ale z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nez\u00e1vislou osobnost\u00ed. Tento v\u00fdklad utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed akademickou recepci od 90. let 20. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9a031aa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9a031aa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9193514 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9193514\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Li\u0161\u010d\u00ed duch v pramenech: od Gan Baa po Pu Songlinga<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp02ca0ee e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp02ca0ee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp444e0f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp444e0f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Li\u0161\u010d\u00ed duch, \u010d\u00ednsky <em>h\u00fali j\u012bng<\/em>, pat\u0159\u00ed k nejl\u00e9pe dokumentovan\u00fdm nadp\u0159irozen\u00fdm postav\u00e1m \u010c\u00edny, proto\u017ee byl po t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dva tis\u00edce let zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1n v liter\u00e1rn\u00edch sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch.<\/p><p>Ranou etapu p\u0159edstavuje <em>Soushen ji<\/em> (&#8222;Z\u00e1pisky o hled\u00e1n\u00ed duch\u016f&#8220;) Gan Baa ze \u010dtvrt\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, kter\u00e9 obsahuje n\u011bkolik li\u0161\u010d\u00edch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f a ukazuje li\u0161ku jako prom\u011bnlivou, dlouhov\u011bkou bytost, je\u017e m\u016f\u017ee nab\u00fdt lidsk\u00e9 podoby a promlouvat u\u010den\u011b.<\/p><p>Doba Tang p\u0159inesla rozkv\u011bt li\u0161\u010d\u00edho vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed v tzv. <em>chuanqi<\/em>, &#8222;zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch o z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00e9m&#8220;. Nejvlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sb\u00edrkou je v\u0161ak <em>Liaozhai zhiyi<\/em> (&#8222;Podivn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy ze studovny voln\u00e9ho \u010dasu&#8220;) Pu Songlinga, vznikl\u00e1 v sedmn\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed.<\/p><p>Pu Songling v\u011bnoval li\u0161k\u00e1m des\u00edtky vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed a vytvo\u0159il v nich p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b rozr\u016fzn\u011bn\u00fd obraz: existuj\u00ed zl\u00e9 li\u0161\u010d\u00ed \u017eeny vys\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed s\u00edly, ale i v\u011brn\u00e9, chytr\u00e9 a mor\u00e1ln\u011b vzne\u0161en\u00e9 li\u0161\u010d\u00ed \u017eeny, kter\u00e9 sv\u00fdm lidsk\u00fdm partner\u016fm pom\u00e1haj\u00ed v nouzi.<\/p><p>Tento stav pramen\u016f m\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenskov\u011bdn\u00fd v\u00fdznam. <em>H\u00fali j\u012bng<\/em> nen\u00ed jednozna\u010dnou stra\u0161idelnou postavou, n\u00fdbr\u017e liter\u00e1rn\u011b vysoce propracovanou figurou, na n\u00ed\u017e \u010d\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed auto\u0159i po stalet\u00ed vyjedn\u00e1vali ot\u00e1zky touhy, mor\u00e1lky, soci\u00e1ln\u00edho vzestupu a hranice mezi \u010dlov\u011bkem a zv\u00ed\u0159etem.<\/p><p>Kdo redukuje li\u0161\u010d\u00edho ducha na &#8222;femme fatale&#8220;, p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span>. Sb\u00edrky Gan Baa a Pu Songlinga jsou dostupn\u00e9 ve spolehliv\u00fdch p\u0159ekladech a z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00e1kladem ka\u017ed\u00e9ho seri\u00f3zn\u00edho zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp11de5b2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp11de5b2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8d35271 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp8d35271\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kultivace a cesta k nebesk\u00e9 li\u0161ce<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp02f26b8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp02f26b8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp58c4390 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp58c4390\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00dast\u0159edn\u00edm, \u010dasto opom\u00edjen\u00fdm aspektem p\u0159edstavy o li\u0161\u010d\u00edm duchu je my\u0161lenka sebekultivace. <em>H\u00fali j\u012bng<\/em> podle roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9ho p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed nen\u00ed od po\u010d\u00e1tku nadp\u0159irozenou bytost\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e oby\u010dejnou li\u0161kou, kter\u00e1 d\u00edky vysok\u00e9mu v\u011bku a c\u00edlev\u011bdom\u00e9mu cvi\u010den\u00ed postupn\u011b nab\u00fdv\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch schopnost\u00ed.<\/p><p>Ve v\u011bku pades\u00e1ti nebo sta let, jak uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed texty, m\u016f\u017ee li\u0161ka p\u0159ijmout lidskou podobu; s dal\u0161\u00edm st\u00e1\u0159\u00edm roste jej\u00ed moc.<\/p><p>Tento vzestup je zasazen do taoisticky formovan\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed s\u00edly <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 p\u0159edstav\u011b p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed s\u00edla, kter\u00e1 prostupuje v\u0161\u00edm.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u010dchi<\/span><\/em> a o \u00fasil\u00ed o dlouhov\u011bkost a transcendenci. Li\u0161ka sb\u00edr\u00e1 <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 p\u0159edstav\u011b p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed s\u00edla, kter\u00e1 prostupuje v\u0161\u00edm.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u010dchi<\/span><\/em>, podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed je \u010derp\u00e1 z m\u011bs\u00edce, ze star\u00fdch hrob\u016f nebo z lidsk\u00fdch partner\u016f.<\/p><p>Na konci velmi dlouh\u00e9 cesty se li\u0161ka m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t <em>ti\u0101nh\u00fa<\/em>, &#8222;nebeskou li\u0161kou&#8220;, bytost\u00ed s dev\u00edti ocasy, kter\u00e1 dos\u00e1hla statusu nesmrteln\u00e9 a u\u017e nen\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e1, n\u00fdbr\u017e vzne\u0161en\u00e1.<\/p><p>Tato koncepce \u010din\u00ed z li\u0161\u010d\u00edho ducha zrcadlo lidsk\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed o kultivaci. Li\u0161ka d\u011bl\u00e1 tot\u00e9\u017e co taoistick\u00fd adept: cvi\u010d\u00ed, sb\u00edr\u00e1, p\u0159esahuje svou p\u0159irozenost. To vysv\u011btluje mor\u00e1ln\u00ed ambivalenci t\u00e9to postavy.<\/p><p>Li\u0161ka, kter\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bku odeb\u00edr\u00e1 \u017eivotn\u00ed s\u00edly, aby rychleji vystoupala, jedn\u00e1 drav\u011b; li\u0161ka, kter\u00e1 postupuje ctnostn\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm a hromad\u011bn\u00edm dobr\u00fdch skutk\u016f, je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 vzorovou postavou.<\/p><p>Li\u0161\u010d\u00ed duch je tak m\u00e9n\u011b <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n \u0161kodliv\u00fd nebo dvojzna\u010dn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9monem<\/span> ne\u017e bytost\u00ed na cest\u011b, jej\u00ed\u017e metody rozhoduj\u00ed o jej\u00edm mor\u00e1ln\u00edm postaven\u00ed. Tuto logiku sd\u00edl\u00ed s dal\u0161\u00edmi kultivace schopn\u00fdmi bytostmi \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 tradice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp406577c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp406577c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdd9c543 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpdd9c543\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Li\u0161\u010d\u00ed kult: uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edsto pouh\u00e9 obrany<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9e731bb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9e731bb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa7c898c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa7c898c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Na rozd\u00edl od mnoha stra\u0161ideln\u00fdch postav byl li\u0161\u010d\u00ed duch v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech \u010c\u00edny p\u0159edm\u011btem skute\u010dn\u00e9ho kultu. Zejm\u00e9na v severn\u00ed \u010c\u00edn\u011b, v oblasti kolem Pekingu a v Mand\u017eusku, bylo uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed li\u0161ky roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eno a\u017e do ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 minulosti.<\/p><p>Li\u0161ka tam byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za jedno ze &#8222;\u010dty\u0159&#8220; nebo &#8222;p\u011bti&#8220; mocn\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch bo\u017estev, spolu s lasic\u00ed, je\u017ekem, hadem a krysou, kter\u00e9 byly spole\u010dn\u011b \u010dasto vz\u00fdv\u00e1ny jako <em>h\u00faxi\u0101n<\/em>, &#8222;li\u0161\u010d\u00ed nesmrteln\u00ed&#8220;, nebo pod podobn\u00fdmi uctiv\u00fdmi ozna\u010den\u00edmi.<\/p><p>Toto uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bylo ambivalentn\u00ed, a pr\u00e1v\u011b proto intenzivn\u00ed. Li\u0161ka mohla dom\u00e1cnosti p\u0159in\u00e9st blahobyt, zp\u016fsobit nebo vyl\u00e9\u010dit nemoci, b\u00fdt zapletena do jev\u016f posedlosti a promlouvat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm m\u00e9di\u00ed. Rodiny z\u0159izovaly mal\u00e9 svatyn\u011b, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ely <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu na vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed d\u00edk\u016f, prosby nebo uct\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011btiny<\/span> a sna\u017eily se tuto mocnou a rozmarnou bytost naklonit ve sv\u016fj prosp\u011bch.<\/p><p>Kult li\u0161ky tak pat\u0159il do oblasti m\u00edstn\u00edho lidov\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, nikoli velk\u00fdch institucion\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, a byl konfuci\u00e1nskou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Za pravov\u011brn\u00e9 uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">ortodoxi\u00ed<\/span> a pozd\u011bji modern\u00edmi reformn\u00edmi hnut\u00edmi \u010dasto pot\u00edr\u00e1n jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hanliv\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed pro p\u0159edstavy pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za neopodstatn\u011bn\u011b n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9.\" tabindex=\"0\">pov\u011bra<\/span>.<\/p><p>Folkloristick\u00e9 a etnografick\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch uct\u00edvac\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> zdokumentovaly a uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee liter\u00e1rn\u00ed li\u0161\u010d\u00ed duch ze sb\u00edrek a kultovn\u011b uct\u00edvan\u00e1 li\u0161ka z vesnic jsou dv\u011bma stranami t\u00e9\u017ee p\u0159edstavy. Religionistick\u00fd poznatek je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd, proto\u017ee opravuje b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed: nadp\u0159irozen\u00e9 bytosti, kter\u00e9 jsou nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9, nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt nutn\u011b jen pot\u00edr\u00e1ny.<\/p><p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee li\u0161ka byla mocn\u00e1 a nevypo\u010ditateln\u00e1, sna\u017eili se s n\u00ed lid\u00e9 vej\u00edt ve spojen\u00ed, uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm si ji naklonit a jej\u00ed s\u00edlu obr\u00e1tit ve sv\u016fj prosp\u011bch. Hranice mezi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n \u0161kodliv\u00fd nebo rozporn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9monem<\/span> a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvem<\/span> tu tedy nevede podle m\u00edry nebezpe\u010dnosti, ale podle ot\u00e1zky, zda lze vytvo\u0159it vz\u00e1jemn\u00fd vztah.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Doporu\u010den\u00e9 intern\u00ed odkazy:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145170\">\u010c\u00edna (taoismus a lidov\u00e1 v\u00edra)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145181\">Gui<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145182\">Yaoguai<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145183\">Jiangshi<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145185\">E Gui<\/a><\/li><li>Kitsune (Japonsko), Kumiho (Korea), paralely<\/li><li>Liaozhai Zhiyi a klasick\u00e1 li\u0161\u010d\u00ed literatura<\/li><li>Huxian-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1my<\/span> a lidov\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (v\u00fdb\u011br)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>V\u00fdb\u011br kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch prac\u00ed o Huli Jing:<\/p><ul><li>Pu Songling: <em>Liaozhai Zhiyi<\/em>. N\u011bkolik n\u011bmeck\u00fdch a anglick\u00fdch p\u0159eklad\u016f.<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Kang, Xiaofei: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/cup.columbia.edu\/book\/the-cult-of-the-fox\/9780231133388\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Cult of the Fox. Power, Gender, and Popular Religion in Late Imperial and Modern China<\/a><\/em>. New York 2006.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Huntington, Rania: <em>Alien Kind. Foxes and Late Imperial Chinese Narrative<\/em>. Cambridge, MA 2003.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Smith, Karen Lucic: \u201eFox Wives and Foxes.&#8220; In: <em>Late Imperial China<\/em> 19 (1998).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Foster, Michael Dylan: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucpress.edu\/books\/the-book-of-yokai-expanded-second-edition\/paper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Book of Yokai<\/a><\/em>. Berkeley 2015 (pro japonsk\u00e9 paralely).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-hulijing e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-hulijing\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-hulijing-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-hulijing-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o bo\u017estvech dan\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span><\/em> je Huli Jing pova\u017eov\u00e1n za li\u0161\u010d\u00edho ducha, kter\u00fd si po stalet\u00ed osvojoval prom\u011bnu tvaru a ve sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch <strong>Soushen ji<\/strong> a <strong>Liaozhai zhiyi<\/strong> vystupuje jednou jako nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 sv\u016fdkyn\u011b, jednou jako pomocn\u00e1 ochr\u00e1nkyn\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1658,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Huli Jing","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Huli Jing - Li\u0161\u010d\u00ed duch, sv\u016fdkyn\u011b","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Huli Jing, \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd li\u0161\u010d\u00ed duch: sv\u016fdkyn\u011b a hleda\u010dka osv\u00edcen\u00ed z\u00e1rove\u0148. 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