{"id":145182,"date":"2026-09-03T16:27:50","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:27:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145182"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:49:02","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:49:02","slug":"yaoguai","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/yaoguai\/","title":{"rendered":"Yaoguai"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145182\" class=\"elementor elementor-145182 elementor-1213\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yaoguai, duch \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yaoguai je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1n vliv na sv\u011bt.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 tradice.<\/p><p><strong>Bytosti metamorf\u00f3zy, zv\u00ed\u0159ata a p\u0159edm\u011bty, kter\u00e9 se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1n vliv na sv\u011bt.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchem<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duch: Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 nebo polobezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, zesnul\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed bytosti, dom\u00e1c\u00ed duchov\u00e9 nebo str\u00e1\u017eci prahu. P\u016fsob\u00ed v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b, \u010dasto v\u00e1zan\u00e1 na m\u00edsta nebo rodiny.\">Duch<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145170\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 bo\u017estevn\u00ed, duchovn\u00ed a lidov\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, taoistick\u00e9, buddhistick\u00e9, konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00e9.\">\u010c\u00edna<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_yaoguai-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1698\" alt=\"Yaoguai\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_yaoguai-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_yaoguai-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_yaoguai-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_yaoguai.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yaoguai<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yaoguai (\u5996\u602a) je \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd souhrnn\u00fd pojem pro bytosti metamorf\u00f3zy, zv\u00ed\u0159ata, rostliny nebo dokonce p\u0159edm\u011bty, kter\u00e9 se d\u00edky dlouh\u00e9 existenci, duchovn\u00ed kultivaci nebo zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm okolnostem st\u00e1vaj\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1n vliv na sv\u011bt.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchem<\/span>.<\/p><p>Tento koncept je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd pro \u010d\u00ednskou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159edstava o uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologii<\/span>: v\u0161e, co existuje dostate\u010dn\u011b dlouho nebo se kultivuje, m\u016f\u017ee nashrom\u00e1\u017edit \u201eesenci&#8220; (<em>jing<\/em>) a st\u00e1t se v\u011bdomou duchovn\u00ed bytost\u00ed. Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem je li\u0161\u010d\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1n vliv na sv\u011bt.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> (Huli Jing), ale Yaoguai existuj\u00ed v nes\u010detn\u00fdch podob\u00e1ch.<\/p><p>Klasick\u00e1 literatura, zejm\u00e9na Pu Songlingovo <em>Liaozhai Zhiyi<\/em> a rom\u00e1ny z doby Ming <em>Xi You Ji<\/em> (\u201eCesta na z\u00e1pad&#8220;) a <em>Fengshen Yanyi<\/em> (\u201eJmenov\u00e1n\u00ed boh\u016f&#8220;), p\u0159edstavuje stovky Yaoguai, ka\u017edou s vlastn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem.<\/p><p>Ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b Yaoguai je charakteristick\u00e1 ambivalence: mnoz\u00ed jsou nebezpe\u010dn\u00ed, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pom\u00e1haj\u00ed lidem, jin\u00ed dokonce usiluj\u00ed o postaven\u00ed Buddhy nebo nesmrtelnosti. Hranice mezi Yaoguai, Xian (nesmrteln\u00fd) a Shen (b\u016fh) je plynul\u00e1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stru\u010dn\u00fd profil: Yaoguai<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> Bytost metamorf\u00f3zy<br>P\u016fvod: zv\u00ed\u0159ata, rostliny, p\u0159edm\u011bty d\u00edky dlouh\u00e9 existenci nebo kultivaci<br>Texty: Shanhaijing, Sou Shen Ji, Liaozhai Zhiyi, Xi You Ji, Fengshen Yanyi<br>Obdob\u00ed: od p\u0159edimperi\u00e1ln\u00ed doby po sou\u010dasnost<br>Zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jednotliv\u00e9 postavy: Sun Wukong (Kr\u00e1l opic), Bai Gu Jing (D\u00e9monka B\u00edl\u00e1 kost), Niu Mo Wang (Kr\u00e1l d\u00e9mon\u016f buvol\u016f)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ran\u00e9 doklady v d\u00edle <em>Shanhaijing<\/em> (kompilace z doby Han, ale vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed ze star\u0161\u00edch tradic). Vypr\u00e1v\u011bc\u00ed um\u011bn\u00ed z doby Tang s hustou motivikou Yaoguai. Doba Ming (14.\u201317. stol.) s velk\u00fdmi rom\u00e1ny. Doba Qing s Liaozhai a Zi Bu Yu. Modern\u00ed literatura, film a hry nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cel\u00fd \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd prostor. Japonsk\u00e1 tradice y\u014dkai s vlastn\u00ed terminologi\u00ed, ale strukturn\u011b p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e1. Korej\u0161t\u00ed dokkaebi v podobn\u00e9 pozici. Vietnamsk\u00e9 a jihov\u00fdchodoasijsk\u00e9 varianty. Modern\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 popkultura po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Shanhaijing, Ganbaovo Sou Shen Ji (4. stol.), p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy Tang-chuanqi, <em>Xi You Ji<\/em> (Wu Cheng&#8217;en, 16. stol.), <em>Fengshen Yanyi<\/em> (Xu Zhonglin, 16. stol.), Liaozhai Zhiyi, modern\u00ed adaptace v komiksu, manze a anime.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ozna\u010den\u00ed a zp\u016fsoby psan\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u010c\u00ednsky:<\/strong> \u5996\u602a (<em>y\u0101ogu\u00e0i<\/em>); p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9: \u5996\u7cbe (<em>y\u0101oj\u012bng<\/em>, \u201eesence <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1n vliv na sv\u011bt.\" tabindex=\"0\">ducha<\/span>&#8222;), \u7cbe\u602a (<em>j\u012bnggu\u00e0i<\/em>).<br>Japonsky: \u5996\u602a (<em>y\u014dkai<\/em>), p\u0159ejet\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch znak\u016f s vlastn\u00ed tradic\u00ed.<br>Korejsky: dokkaebi jako m\u00edstn\u00ed paralela.<br>Podkategorie: zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed Yaoguai (li\u0161ka, had, opice, tygr), rostlinn\u00ed Yaoguai (strom, bambus, lotos), p\u0159edm\u011btov\u00ed Yaoguai (zrcadlo, smet\u00e1k, hrnec, zejm\u00e9na v Japonsku <em>tsukumogami<\/em>).<\/p><p>J\u00e1drem je logika metamorf\u00f3zy: \u017eiv\u00e1 bytost nebo p\u0159edm\u011bt shroma\u017e\u010fuje po stalet\u00ed \u201eesenci&#8220;. P\u0159i 100 letech m\u016f\u017ee nab\u00fdt lidsk\u00e9 podoby, p\u0159i 1000 letech bo\u017esk\u00e9 moci. Kultivace prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm meditativn\u00ed praxe tento proces urychluje. Taoistick\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed se \u010dasto soust\u0159ed\u00ed na Yaoguai, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed spr\u00e1vnou kultivac\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout dokonce nesmrtelnosti (postaven\u00ed Xian).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Vzhled<\/strong><\/p><p>Podle p\u016fvodu: zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed podoba s lidsk\u00fdmi rysy, lidsk\u00e1 forma se zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edmi prvky (zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed ocas, zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed u\u0161i, jisk\u0159\u00edc\u00ed o\u010di), nebo zcela lidsk\u00e1. P\u0159i odhalen\u00ed se uk\u00e1\u017ee p\u016fvodn\u00ed podoba, d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd liter\u00e1rn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span>.<\/p><p><strong>Chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Ambivalentn\u00ed. Mnoz\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed lidskou podobu, aby mohli \u017e\u00edt mezi lidmi jako obchodn\u00edci, poutn\u00edci, man\u017eel\u00e9. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed jsou dobrotiv\u00ed, jin\u00ed podv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed a kradou <em>jing<\/em> (\u017eivotn\u00ed esenci). N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed aktivn\u011b usiluj\u00ed o osv\u00edcen\u00ed nebo nesmrtelnost.<\/p><p><strong>Oblast p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>V\u0161ude, kde dlouho existuj\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata nebo star\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty, lesy, star\u00e9 domy, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1my<\/span>, hory. Zejm\u00e9na horsk\u00e9 oblasti ji\u017en\u00ed a z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010c\u00edny maj\u00ed mnoho m\u00edstn\u00edch tradic Yaoguai. Cesta v d\u00edle <em>Xi You Ji<\/em> vede p\u0159es 81 zkou\u0161ek s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi setk\u00e1n\u00edmi s Yaoguai.<\/p><p><strong>Mytologick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Nejde o bo\u017esk\u00e9 stvo\u0159en\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e o p\u0159irozen\u00fd v\u00fdsledek dlouh\u00e9 existence. V taoistick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu se Yaoguai za\u0159azuj\u00ed do hierarchie: pod Xian a Shen, ale nad b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty. Buddhistick\u00fd v\u00fdklad: ambivalentn\u00ed bytosti v ur\u010dit\u00fdch znovuzrozen\u00edch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Yaoguai<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekty Yaoguai na jeden pohled.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fvod Yaoguai<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Z dlouho \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at, rostlin a p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f d\u00edky shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed esence. Taoistick\u00e9 a buddhistick\u00e9 v\u00fdklady se vz\u00e1jemn\u011b dopl\u0148uj\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159edm\u011bt p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Poutn\u00edci, horal\u00e9, obyvatel\u00e9 star\u00fdch dom\u016f, hledaj\u00edc\u00ed kultivaci. Nen\u00ed to omezeno c\u00edlen\u011b na lidi, Yaoguai se setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed i mezi sebou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vzhled<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed podoba, lidsk\u00e1 forma se zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edmi prvky, nebo \u010dist\u011b lidsk\u00e1. P\u0159i odhalen\u00ed se navrac\u00ed k p\u016fvodn\u00ed podob\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Funkce<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ambivalentn\u00ed. Mohou lidi podv\u00e1d\u011bt, kr\u00e1st jing, ale tak\u00e9 pom\u00e1hat a dokonce usilovat o osv\u00edcen\u00ed. Sun Wukong je klasick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem probuzen\u00ed Yaoguai.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrana<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Taoistick\u00e9 talismany fu, bagua zrcadla, d\u0159evo z broskvon\u011b. U zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch yaoguai specifick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly (kohout\u00ed krev proti ur\u010dit\u00fdm li\u0161\u010d\u00edm duch\u016fm). Uctiv\u00e9 zach\u00e1zen\u00ed se starou p\u0159\u00edrodou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 bytosti<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Japonsk\u00e9 y\u014dkai (shodn\u00e9 znaky), korejsk\u00fd dokkaebi, japonsk\u00e9 cukumogami (yaoguai z p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f), indon\u00e9sk\u00fd siluman.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yaoguai v literatu\u0159e a praxi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Xi You Ji (\u201eCesta na z\u00e1pad&#8220;)<\/strong><\/p><p>Klasick\u00fd rom\u00e1n (16. stol., p\u0159ipisovan\u00fd Wu Chengenovi) vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o cest\u011b mnicha Xuanzanga do Indie, doprov\u00e1zen\u00e9ho opi\u010d\u00edm kr\u00e1lem Sun Wukongem, prase\u010d\u00ed bytost\u00ed Zhu Bajiem a mnichem z p\u00edsku Sha Wujingem, v\u0161ichni t\u0159i jsou yaoguai, kte\u0159\u00ed mnicha chr\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p><p>Na cest\u011b se setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed s 81 dal\u0161\u00edmi yaoguai jako se zkou\u0161kami. Rom\u00e1n je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm d\u00edlem sv\u011btov\u00e9 literatury a zdrojem nes\u010detn\u00fdch adaptac\u00ed.<\/p><p><strong>Taoistick\u00e1 kultivace<\/strong><\/p><p>Taoistick\u00e1 tradice zn\u00e1 vzestup od zv\u00ed\u0159ete k xian (nesmrteln\u00e9mu) p\u0159es mezistupe\u0148 yaoguai. Ur\u010dit\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata, li\u0161ka, je\u0159\u00e1b, jelen, \u017eelva, jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1na za obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b vhodn\u00e1. Duchovn\u00ed praxe se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed stanoven\u00fdmi stupni.<\/p><p><strong>Modern\u00ed reflexe<\/strong><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Japonsk\u00e1 animace (<em>Natsume Yuujinchou<\/em>, <em>GeGeGe no Kitar\u014d<\/em>) navazuje na tradici y\u014dkai. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 filmy a seri\u00e1ly (adaptace Liaozhai, filmy <em>The Monkey King<\/em>) udr\u017euj\u00ed tradici \u017eivou. Videohry (Black Myth Wukong, 2024) p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed yaoguai do mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pov\u011bdom\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely a recepce<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>V\u00fdchodoasijsk\u00e1 tradice:<\/strong> Japonsk\u00e9 y\u014dkai a \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 yaoguai jsou dv\u011b v\u011btve t\u00e9\u017ee z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159edstavy. Japonci kategorie systematizovali (y\u014dkai v hierarchi\u00edch), \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 je rozvinuli v\u00edce liter\u00e1rn\u011b. Korejsk\u00fd dokkaebi a vietnamsk\u00e9 varianty jsou v region\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b.<\/p><p><strong>Taoistick\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159edstava o stavb\u011b a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologie<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed my\u0161lenka shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed esence (<em>jing<\/em>) dlouhou existenc\u00ed je hluboce zako\u0159en\u011bna v taoistick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed filozofii. Yaoguai nejsou \u201enadp\u0159irozen\u00ed&#8220;, n\u00fdbr\u017e p\u0159irozen\u00fdm d\u016fsledkem kosmick\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f, filozoficky samostatn\u00e9 pojet\u00ed.<\/p><p><strong>Popkultura mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b:<\/strong> Yaoguai a y\u014dkai jsou p\u0159\u00edtomni v glob\u00e1ln\u00ed fantasy kultu\u0159e. Fran\u0161\u00edza Pok\u00e9mon, Studio Ghibli, anime seri\u00e1ly je p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed do z\u00e1padn\u00edch detsk\u00fdch pokoj\u016f. V z\u00e1padn\u00ed fantasy literatu\u0159e z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed jako \u201ev\u00fdchodn\u00ed monstra&#8220; vlastn\u00ed profil.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8860c89 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp8860c89\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp035a9cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp035a9cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pojem yaoguai a jeho postaven\u00ed v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e v duchy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa3cc417 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa3cc417\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd43e2dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpd43e2dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pojem <em>yaoguai<\/em> se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze dvou znak\u016f, z nich\u017e prvn\u00ed, <em>yao<\/em>, ozna\u010duje zlov\u011bstn\u00fd, odchyln\u00fd nebo d\u00e9monick\u00fd jev, druh\u00fd, <em>guai<\/em>, ciz\u00ed \u010di d\u011bsiv\u00e9. Spole\u010dn\u011b <em>yaoguai<\/em> ozna\u010duje \u0161irokou t\u0159\u00eddu nadp\u0159irozen\u00fdch bytost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed prom\u011bnou a \u010dlov\u011bku obvykle \u0161kod\u00ed.<\/p><p>Na rozd\u00edl od <em>gui<\/em>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n \u00fa\u010dinek ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">ducha<\/span> zem\u0159el\u00e9ho, nen\u00ed yaoguai typicky mrtv\u00fdm, n\u00fdbr\u017e \u017eivou bytost\u00ed nebo p\u0159edm\u011btem, kter\u00fd d\u00edky dlouh\u00e9 existenci, p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00edm \u017eivotn\u00ed energie nebo za p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed nabyl duchovn\u00ed povahy a schopnosti prom\u011bny.<\/p><p>Tato p\u0159edstava m\u00e1 ko\u0159eny v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed filozofii. V\u0161e existuj\u00edc\u00ed v sob\u011b nese \u017eivotn\u00ed s\u00edla (<em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 p\u0159edstav\u011b p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed s\u00edla, kter\u00e1 v\u0161e prostupuje.\" tabindex=\"0\">qi<\/span><\/em>), a kde se tato s\u00edla po dlouhou dobu shroma\u017e\u010fuje a zhu\u0161\u0165uje, m\u016f\u017ee se v\u011bc st\u00e1t bytost\u00ed s v\u011bdom\u00edm a moc\u00ed.<\/p><p>Li\u0161ka, strom, star\u00fd hrnec, opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, v\u0161ichni se po dlouh\u00e9 dob\u011b mohou st\u00e1t yaoguai. Z toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee v\u011bk zv\u00ed\u0159ete nebo p\u0159edm\u011btu rozhoduje o jeho potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed nebezpe\u010dnosti.<\/p><p>P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 pojmy d\u00e1le vymezuj\u00ed toto pole. <em>Jing<\/em> ozna\u010duje <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n \u00fa\u010dinek ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">ducha<\/span> nebo esenci, kter\u00e1 v takov\u00e9 prom\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 bytosti p\u016fsob\u00ed, proto se \u010dasto mluv\u00ed o li\u0161\u010d\u00edm duchu jako o <em>huli jing<\/em>.<\/p><p><em>Mo<\/em> ozna\u010duje sp\u00ed\u0161e \u010f\u00e1belsk\u00e9ho, sv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00edho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n \u0161kodliv\u00fd nebo rozporn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mona<\/span>. P\u0159echody mezi t\u011bmito kategoriemi jsou v pramenech plynul\u00e9 a jedna bytost m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v r\u016fzn\u00fdch textech za\u0159azena r\u016fzn\u011b.<\/p><p>Pro religionistick\u00e9 zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, \u017ee yaoguai nen\u00ed jednotn\u00e1 podoba, n\u00fdbr\u017e funk\u010dn\u00ed t\u0159\u00edda. Vyjad\u0159uje my\u0161lenku, \u017ee hranice mezi \u010dlov\u011bkem, zv\u00ed\u0159etem, v\u011bc\u00ed a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n \u00fa\u010dinek ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchem<\/span> je prostupn\u00e1 a \u017ee sv\u011bt m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt obydlen prom\u011bn\u011bn\u00fdmi bytostmi, kter\u00e9 skr\u00fdvaj\u00ed svou pravou podstatu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7ec8f81 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp7ec8f81\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8a6da5a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp8a6da5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Liter\u00e1rn\u00ed vrchol v klasick\u00e9m d\u00edle Cesta na z\u00e1pad<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc77844d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpc77844d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp76a3d41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp76a3d41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u00edlo neformovalo obraz yaoguai siln\u011bji ne\u017e rom\u00e1n <em>Xiyou ji<\/em>, <em>Cesta na z\u00e1pad<\/em>, kter\u00fd svou zn\u00e1mou podobu z\u00edskal v \u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed za doby dynastie Ming a tradi\u010dn\u011b se p\u0159ipisuje Wu Cheng&#8217;enovi.<\/p><p>Rom\u00e1n vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o pouti mnicha Xuanzanga, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u011b s Opi\u010d\u00edm kr\u00e1lem Sun Wukongem a dal\u0161\u00edmi spole\u010dn\u00edky p\u0159in\u00e9st svat\u00e9 texty z Indie. Na cest\u011b se setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed s dlouhou \u0159adou yaoguai, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed mnicha se\u017erat nebo mu jeho pou\u0165 zma\u0159it.<\/p><p>Rom\u00e1n rozv\u00edj\u00ed cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m t\u011bchto bytost\u00ed. Mnoz\u00ed d\u00e9moni jsou p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata, \u0161korpion, buvol, pavouk, leopard, jin\u00ed jsou b\u00fdval\u00ed slu\u017eebn\u00edci boh\u016f nebo buddh\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed sestoupili na zem a \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed zk\u00e1zu.<\/p><p>Charakteristick\u00e9 je, \u017ee yaoguai \u010dasto ob\u00fdvaj\u00ed horskou tvrz nebo jeskyni, tedy pevn\u011b vymezenou oblast p\u016fsoben\u00ed, a \u017ee disponuj\u00ed magick\u00fdmi silami, kouzeln\u00fdmi zbran\u011bmi a schopnost\u00ed prom\u011b\u0148ovat svou podobu.<\/p><p>Opakuj\u00edc\u00edm se vyprav\u011b\u010dsk\u00fdm motivem je odhalen\u00ed. Yaoguai se zprvu objev\u00ed v lidsk\u00e9 podob\u011b, \u010dasto jako kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 \u017eena, bezmocn\u00fd sta\u0159ec nebo pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b, aby oklamal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010clov\u011bk, kter\u00fd podnik\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensky motivovanou cestu na svat\u00e9 m\u00edsto.\" tabindex=\"0\">poutn\u00edky<\/span>.<\/p><p>Sun Wukong prohl\u00e9dne p\u0159estrojen\u00ed sv\u00fdm ohniv\u00fdm pohledem a p\u0159inut\u00ed bytost, aby uk\u00e1zala svou pravou podobu. Epizoda \u010dasto nekon\u010d\u00ed zabit\u00edm, ale t\u00edm, \u017ee se objev\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u011bjak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span> a odvede si zp\u00e1tky sv\u00e9 uprchl\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159e nebo sluhu.<\/p><p>Tato struktura d\u011bl\u00e1 z rom\u00e1nu encyklopedii v\u00edry v yaoguai a z\u00e1rove\u0148 n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou alegorii. D\u00e9moni zt\u011bles\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky na cest\u011b k osv\u00edcen\u00ed, jejich p\u0159emo\u017een\u00ed symbolizuje zvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed vlastn\u00edch \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed.<\/p><p><em>Cesta na z\u00e1pad<\/em> je tak z\u00e1sadn\u00edm textem, prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kter\u00e9ho se s yaoguai setk\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed, jak v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, tak na Z\u00e1pad\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp70f8278 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp70f8278\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd8aa1a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpd8aa1a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Krat\u0161\u00ed sb\u00edrky podivuhodn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f a jejich vyprav\u011b\u010dsk\u00e1 tradice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7ef7b80 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp7ef7b80\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp809c1bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp809c1bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vedle velk\u00e9ho rom\u00e1nu existuje bohat\u00e1 tradice krat\u0161\u00edch vypr\u00e1v\u011bc\u00edch sb\u00edrek, kter\u00e9 zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed nadp\u0159irozen\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti. Tento \u017e\u00e1nr, naz\u00fdvan\u00fd <em>zhiguai<\/em>, tedy zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed podivuhodn\u00e9ho, sah\u00e1 a\u017e do ran\u00e9ho st\u0159edov\u011bku.<\/p><p>Ran\u00fdm z\u00e1stupcem je <em>Soushen ji<\/em>, Z\u00e1pisky o hled\u00e1n\u00ed nadp\u0159irozen\u00e9ho, kter\u00e9 se ve \u010dtvrt\u00e9m stolet\u00ed p\u0159ipisuj\u00ed Gan Baovi a obsahuj\u00ed mnoh\u00e1 setk\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bn\u00fdmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty a duchy.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Liter\u00e1rn\u00edm vrcholem t\u00e9to tradice je <em>Liaozhai zhiyi<\/em>, Podivn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy ze studia Liaozhai, od Pu Songlinga, kter\u00e9 vzniklo kolem roku 1700 na po\u010d\u00e1tku dynastie Qing. Pu Songling shrom\u00e1\u017edil a vybrousil stovky vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed, v nich\u017e hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli li\u0161\u010d\u00ed duchov\u00e9, rostlinn\u00ed duchov\u00e9, duchov\u00e9 zem\u0159el\u00fdch a dal\u0161\u00ed yaoguai.<\/span><\/p><p>Charakteristick\u00e1 je pro n\u011bj ambivalence t\u011bchto bytost\u00ed. Jeho li\u0161\u010d\u00ed duchov\u00e9 nejsou jen nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi sv\u016fdnicemi, ale \u010dasto chytr\u00fdmi, v\u011brn\u00fdmi a mor\u00e1ln\u011b vysp\u011blej\u0161\u00edmi postavami, na nich\u017e se ukazuj\u00ed slabiny lidsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/p><p>Tyto sb\u00edrky se od rom\u00e1nu li\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsobem vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed. \u010casto vzbuzuj\u00ed dojem zpr\u00e1vy, uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed m\u00edsta, jm\u00e9na a \u010dasy a tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee vypravuj\u00ed o skute\u010dn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lostech. Stoj\u00ed tak na pomez\u00ed z\u00e1bavy, mor\u00e1ln\u00edho pou\u010den\u00ed a jist\u00e9ho druhu lidov\u00e9 dokumentace.<\/p><p>Pro badatele maj\u00ed tyto texty vysokou hodnotu, proto\u017ee ukazuj\u00ed, jak v\u00edra v yaoguai z\u016fst\u00e1vala \u017eiv\u00e1 a prom\u011b\u0148ovala se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu stalet\u00ed. Dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed tak\u00e9 \u00fazk\u00e9 spojen\u00ed mezi v\u00edrou v duchy a spole\u010denskou kritikou.<\/p><p>T\u00edm, \u017ee bytosti p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed hranici mezi \u0159\u00e1dy, ukazuj\u00ed, co se v lidsk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b vymklo z rovnov\u00e1hy. <em>Liaozhai zhiyi<\/em> bylo mnohokr\u00e1t p\u0159elo\u017eeno a pat\u0159\u00ed k nej\u010dten\u011bj\u0161\u00edm d\u00edl\u016fm klasick\u00e9 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bc\u00ed literatury.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp97a5e7f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp97a5e7f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp46d4d15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp46d4d15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prom\u011bna, kultivace a cesta od d\u00e9mona k nesmrteln\u00e9mu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5c45f58 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5c45f58\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp206d6c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp206d6c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed my\u0161lenkou v\u00edry v yaoguai je, \u017ee se tyto bytosti nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v procesu v\u00fdvoje. Zv\u00ed\u0159e, kter\u00e9 procitne k duchovn\u00ed p\u0159irozenosti, t\u00edm je\u0161t\u011b nedos\u00e1hlo sv\u00e9ho kone\u010dn\u00e9ho stavu.<\/p><p>Mnoh\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed popisuj\u00ed, jak se p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bn\u00e1 bytost m\u016f\u017ee d\u00edky sebekultivaci, shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed energie a mravn\u00ed osv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed d\u00e1le vzestupovat, v nejlep\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b a\u017e do stavu nesmrteln\u00e9ho nebo drobn\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u011bjak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estva<\/span>.<\/p><p>Tato logika vzestupu spojuje v\u00edru v duchy s taoistickou p\u0159edstavou vnit\u0159n\u00ed alchymie. Tak jako se \u010dlov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee cvi\u010den\u00edm, dechov\u00fdmi technikami a ctnostmi uch\u00e1zet o nesmrtelnost, m\u016f\u017ee touto cestou j\u00edt i zv\u00ed\u0159e. Nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem je li\u0161ka.<\/p><p>V mnoha textech proch\u00e1z\u00ed li\u0161ka jednotliv\u00fdmi stupni, li\u0161ka star\u00e1 n\u011bkolik desetilet\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159em\u011bnit v \u017eenu, li\u0161ka vysok\u00e9ho v\u011bku dosahuje rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed a nebesk\u00e1 dev\u00edtiocas\u00e1 li\u0161ka stoj\u00ed na prahu bo\u017eskosti.<\/p><p>Z toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 mor\u00e1ln\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed yaoguai shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed energii n\u00e1siln\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, vys\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm lid\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi dravci. Jin\u00ed si vyb\u00edraj\u00ed pomalou, ctnostnou cestu a pak se jev\u00ed jako prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 nebo p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm ne\u0161kodn\u00e9 bytosti. Rozd\u00edl netkv\u00ed v povaze bytosti, ale v jej\u00edm rozhodnut\u00ed.<\/p><p>Tato p\u0159edstava vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d je yaoguai v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici<\/span> jen z\u0159\u00eddka \u010dist\u011b zl\u00fd. Je to bytost v pohybu, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee klesnout nebo se povzn\u00e9st.<\/p><p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 spojuje lidovou v\u00edru s velk\u00fdmi n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my, nebo\u0165 jak <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-filozofick\u00e1 tradice orientovan\u00e1 na dao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoismus<\/span> se sv\u00fdm \u00fasil\u00edm o nesmrtelnost, tak buddhismus se svou naukou o karmick\u00e9m vzestupu a poklesu, poskytuj\u00ed r\u00e1mec, do kter\u00e9ho jsou tyto prom\u011bnliv\u00e9 bytosti za\u0159azov\u00e1ny.<\/p><p>Yaoguai tak nestoj\u00ed mimo n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d, ale je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jeho prostupn\u00e9ho kosmu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Doporu\u010den\u00e9 intern\u00ed odkazy:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145170\">\u010c\u00edna (daoismus a lidov\u00e1 v\u00edra)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145181\">Gui<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145183\">Jiangshi<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145185\">E Gui<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145184\">Huli Jing<\/a><\/li><li>Japonsk\u00e9 y\u014dkai (znaky toto\u017en\u00e9)<\/li><li>Xi You Ji a Sun Wukong<\/li><li>Daoistick\u00e1 nauka o kultivaci a Xian-Rang<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (v\u00fdb\u011br)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>V\u00fdb\u011br kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch prac\u00ed o Yaoguai:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Wu Chengen: <em>Xi You Ji<\/em> (Cesta na z\u00e1pad). \u00dapln\u00fd n\u011bmeck\u00fd p\u0159eklad Eva L\u00fcdi Kong, Stuttgart 2016.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Huang, Martin W.: <em>Snakes&#8216; Legs. Sequels, Continuations, Rewritings, and Chinese Fiction<\/em>. Honolulu 2004.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Kang, Xiaofei: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/cup.columbia.edu\/book\/the-cult-of-the-fox\/9780231133388\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Cult of the Fox. Power, Gender, and Popular Religion in Late Imperial and Modern China<\/a><\/em>. New York 2006.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Campany, Robert Ford: <em>Strange Writing. Anomaly Accounts in Early Medieval China<\/em>. Albany 1996.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Foster, Michael Dylan: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucpress.edu\/books\/the-book-of-yokai-expanded-second-edition\/paper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Book of Yokai<\/a><\/em>. Berkeley 2015.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-yaoguai-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-yaoguai-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-yaoguai\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-yaoguai-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-yaoguai-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Popsan\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 praxe je religionistick\u00fdm za\u0159azen\u00edm historick\u00fdch tradic. iWell Guard navazuje na tuto kulturn\u011b-historickou linii nositeln\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a p\u0159edstavuje jej\u00ed sou\u010dasnou podobu. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f134723 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f134723\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c22ce38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c22ce38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky k Yaoguai<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Co jsou Yaoguai v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v dan\u00e9 kultu\u0159e.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span>?<\/h3><p>Yaoguai (\u010d\u00ednsky \u5996\u602a, y\u0101ogu\u00e0i, d\u00e9monick\u00e1 bytost) je souhrnn\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed pro nadp\u0159irozen\u00e9, \u010dasto zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed bytosti \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v dan\u00e9 kultu\u0159e.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span> a lidov\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, kategorie, kter\u00e1 v z\u00e1padn\u00edm smyslu le\u017e\u00ed mezi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e se p\u0159isuzuje p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchem<\/span>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, j\u00ed\u017e se p\u0159isuzuje \u0161kodliv\u00e9 nebo dvojzna\u010dn\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9monem<\/span> a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm duchem.<\/p><p>V\u011bt\u0161ina Yaoguai jsou p\u016fvodn\u011b oby\u010dejn\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata (li\u0161ka, had, pavouk, bambus, k\u00e1men), kter\u00e1 d\u00edky dlouh\u00e9mu v\u011bku nebo magick\u00e9 s\u00edle nabyla nadp\u0159irozen\u00e9 podoby. \u010casto jde o m\u011b\u0148avce, kte\u0159\u00ed mohou lidi sv\u00e1d\u011bt, \u0161kodit jim nebo jim naopak pom\u00e1hat.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Jak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00e9 bytosti Yaoguai existuj\u00ed?<\/h3><p>Zn\u00e1m\u00e9 kategorie Yaoguai: Huli Jing (li\u0161\u010d\u00ed duch, \u010dasto zobrazovan\u00fd jako kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 \u017eena, m\u016f\u017ee vys\u00e1vat energii mu\u017e\u016f), p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd s japonskou Kitsune a korejskou Gumiho. Opi\u010d\u00ed Yaoguai z klasick\u00e9ho d\u00edla Cesta na z\u00e1pad (16. stol.) s opi\u010d\u00edm kr\u00e1lem Sun Wukongem jako nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem.<\/p><p>Duchov\u00e9 my\u0161\u00ed a duchov\u00e9 had\u016f z lidov\u00fdch poh\u00e1dek. Bao Shu (stromov\u00ed duchov\u00e9) a Shi Gu (kamenn\u00ed duchov\u00e9). Yaoguai jsou \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm t\u00e9matem vypr\u00e1v\u011bc\u00ed literatury obdob\u00ed Tang a Ming (nap\u0159. Liaozhai Zhiyi od Pu Songlinga).<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Co jsou Yaoguai v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 mytologii?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yaoguai (\u010d\u00ednsky \u5996\u602a, y\u0101ogu\u00e0i, d\u00e9monick\u00e1 bytost) je souhrnn\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed pro nadp\u0159irozen\u00e9, \u010dasto zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed bytosti \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 mytologie a lidov\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, kategorie, kter\u00e1 v z\u00e1padn\u00edm smyslu le\u017e\u00ed mezi duchem, d\u00e9monem a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm duchem.V\u011bt\u0161ina Yaoguai jsou p\u016fvodn\u011b oby\u010dejn\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata (li\u0161ka, had, pavouk, bambus, k\u00e1men), kter\u00e1 d\u00edky dlouh\u00e9mu v\u011bku nebo magick\u00e9 s\u00edle nabyla nadp\u0159irozen\u00e9 podoby. \u010casto jde o m\u011b\u0148avce, kte\u0159\u00ed mohou lidi sv\u00e1d\u011bt, \u0161kodit jim nebo jim naopak pom\u00e1hat.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Jak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00e9 bytosti Yaoguai existuj\u00ed?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Zn\u00e1m\u00e9 kategorie Yaoguai: Huli Jing (li\u0161\u010d\u00ed duch, \u010dasto zobrazovan\u00fd jako kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 \u017eena, m\u016f\u017ee vys\u00e1vat energii mu\u017e\u016f), p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd s japonskou Kitsune a korejskou Gumiho. Opi\u010d\u00ed Yaoguai z klasick\u00e9ho d\u00edla Cesta na z\u00e1pad (16. stol.) s opi\u010d\u00edm kr\u00e1lem Sun Wukongem jako nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem.Duchov\u00e9 my\u0161\u00ed a duchov\u00e9 had\u016f z lidov\u00fdch poh\u00e1dek. Bao Shu (stromov\u00ed duchov\u00e9) a Shi Gu (kamenn\u00ed duchov\u00e9). Yaoguai jsou \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm t\u00e9matem vypr\u00e1v\u011bc\u00ed literatury obdob\u00ed Tang a Ming (nap\u0159. Liaozhai Zhiyi od Pu Songlinga).\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1698,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Yaoguai","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Yaoguai - bytosti metamorf\u00f3zy, zv\u00ed\u0159ata a p\u0159edm\u011bty","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Yaoguai (\u5996\u602a) je \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd souhrnn\u00fd pojem pro bytosti metamorf\u00f3zy: zv\u00ed\u0159ata, rostliny nebo p\u0159edm\u011bty, kter\u00e9 d\u00edky dlouh\u00e9 existenci nab\u00fdvaj\u00ed podoby.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"china","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145182","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Yaoguai - bytosti metamorf\u00f3zy, zv\u00ed\u0159ata a p\u0159edm\u011bty<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Yaoguai (\u5996\u602a) je \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd souhrnn\u00fd pojem pro bytosti metamorf\u00f3zy: zv\u00ed\u0159ata, rostliny nebo p\u0159edm\u011bty, kter\u00e9 d\u00edky dlouh\u00e9 existenci nab\u00fdvaj\u00ed podoby.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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