{"id":145176,"date":"2026-09-03T16:27:47","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:27:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145176"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:48:52","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:48:52","slug":"mara","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/mara\/","title":{"rendered":"Mara"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145176\" class=\"elementor elementor-145176 elementor-1207\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mara, b\u016fh buddhistick\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Poku\u0161itel pod stromem b\u00f3dhi, p\u00e1n smyslov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dif-mara\">Marovo pokou\u0161en\u00ed Buddhy<\/h2>\n<p>Marovou hlavn\u00ed sc\u00e9nou je <strong>pokou\u0161en\u00ed b\u00f3dhisattvy Siddh\u00e1rthy<\/strong> pod <strong>stromem b\u00f3dhi<\/strong> v B\u00f3dhgaji. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1le\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed k z\u00e1vazn\u011b uznan\u00e9mu souboru text\u016f n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kanonicky<\/span> jsou pops\u00e1ny t\u0159i f\u00e1ze: nejprve se objev\u00ed se <strong>z\u00e1stupy d\u00e9mon\u016f<\/strong> (Tri\u0161na, R\u00e1ga, Arati, \u017e\u00e1dostivost, v\u00e1\u0161e\u0148, nelibost); pot\u00e9 vy\u0161le sv\u00e9 <strong>t\u0159i dcery<\/strong> (Tanha, Arati, R\u00e1ga) v sv\u016fdn\u00e9 podob\u011b; a kone\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed poku\u0161en\u00ed pochybnostmi a n\u00e1rokem (\u201eKdo je sv\u011bdkem tv\u00fdch z\u00e1sluh?\u201c).<\/p><p>Siddh\u00e1rtha se dotkne zem\u011b, <em>bh\u016bmispar\u015ba-mudr\u0101<\/em>, a bohyn\u011b zem\u011b dosv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed jeho dokonalost. Mara podl\u00e9h\u00e1. Jeho \u010dty\u0159i vojska jsou <em>k\u0101ma<\/em> (touha), <em>arati<\/em> (nespokojenost), <em>k\u1e63ut-pip\u0101s\u0101<\/em> (hlad a \u017e\u00edze\u0148), <em>t\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47\u0101<\/em> (\u017e\u00e1dostivost). V mah\u00e1j\u00e1nov\u00e9m buddhismu se Mara roz\u0161i\u0159uje na <strong>\u010dty\u0159i Mary<\/strong>: Skandha-Mara (p\u011bt agreg\u00e1t\u016f), Klesha-Mara (zatemn\u011bn\u00ed mysli), Mrityu-Mara (smrt), Devaputra-Mara (nebesk\u00e9 poku\u0161en\u00ed). V buddhistick\u00e9 tradici vystupuje Mara jako b\u016fh poku\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00fd se stav\u00ed proti cest\u011b k osv\u00edcen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh \/ bohyn\u011b: Zosobn\u011bn\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc v panteonu ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury, s jasn\u00fdmi sf\u00e9rami p\u016fsobnosti, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edly, osud, v\u00e1lka, plodnost. Uct\u00edv\u00e1n kulty, ob\u011btmi a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdmi institucemi.\">B\u016fh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145169\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Buddhistick\u00e1 tradice s b\u00f3dhisattvami, ochrann\u00fdmi bo\u017estvy, hladov\u00fdmi duchy a str\u00e1\u017eci pekel.\">Buddhismus<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145232\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Chaotick\u00e9 s\u00edly a kosmi\u010dt\u00ed protivn\u00edci, protihr\u00e1\u010di v n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9m dualismu.\">Anti-b\u016fh<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" 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0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147671\" alt=\"M\u00e1ra \u2013 bohov\u00e9 z buddhistick\u00e9 tradice, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mara<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mara je centr\u00e1ln\u00ed postavou protivn\u00edka v buddhistick\u00e9 tradici. Jeho nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sc\u00e9nou je noc p\u0159ed Buddhov\u00fdm osv\u00edcen\u00edm: pod stromem b\u00f3dhi v B\u00f3dhgaji vy\u0161le Mara sv\u00e9 vojsko a sv\u00e9 t\u0159i dcery, \u017e\u00e1dostivost, odpor, chtivost, aby odvedly <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"V mah\u00e1j\u00e1nov\u00e9m buddhismu osv\u00edcen\u00fd, kter\u00fd odkl\u00e1d\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed osvobozen\u00ed ve prosp\u011bch u\u010den\u00ed pro ostatn\u00ed bytosti.\">b\u00f3dhisattvu<\/span> od osv\u00edcen\u00ed.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"V mah\u00e1j\u00e1nov\u00e9m buddhismu osv\u00edcen\u00fd, kter\u00fd odkl\u00e1d\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed osvobozen\u00ed ve prosp\u011bch u\u010den\u00ed pro ostatn\u00ed bytosti.\">B\u00f3dhisattva<\/span> se dotkne zem\u011b, aby ji p\u0159ivolal za sv\u011bdka, zem\u011b se zat\u0159ese a Mara se st\u00e1hne. Tato sc\u00e9na je ikonograficky roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a teologicky z\u00e1sadn\u00ed.<\/p><p>Mara nen\u00ed kosmick\u00fdm protibohem v monoteistick\u00e9m smyslu. Je p\u00e1nem <em>k\u00e1madh\u00e1tu<\/em> (smyslov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta), postavou d\u00e9va, kter\u00e1 se lp\u011bn\u00edm a p\u00fdchou stala p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou na cest\u011b.<\/p><p>V roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9m buddhistick\u00e9m v\u00fdkladu existuj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i Marov\u00e9: Skandha-Mara (agreg\u00e1ty), Kl\u00e9\u0161amara (zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed), Marana-Mara (smrt), Devaputra-Mara (d\u00e9va-Mara, person\u00e1ln\u00ed postava). V\u0161ichni ozna\u010duj\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky na cest\u011b k osvobozen\u00ed. To d\u011bl\u00e1 z u\u010den\u00ed o Marovi komplexn\u00ed teorii toho, co stoj\u00ed praxi v cest\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kr\u00e1tk\u00fd profil: Mara<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> Poku\u0161itel, p\u00e1n smyslov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta<br>P\u016fvod: d\u00e9va k\u00e1madh\u00e1tu; podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch text\u016f: padl\u00fd z p\u00fdchy<br>\u010cty\u0159i Marov\u00e9: Skandha, Kl\u00e9\u0161a, Marana, Devaputra<br>Texty: p\u00e1lijsk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Za z\u00e1vazn\u00fd uznan\u00fd soubor svat\u00fdch text\u016f n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">k\u00e1non<\/span> (Padh\u00e1na sutta), Lalitavistara, d\u017e\u00e1taky<br>Doba: 5. stol. p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e sou\u010dasnost<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontext<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dolo\u017eeno s Buddhou (5. stol. p\u0159. n. l.). P\u00e1lijsk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Za z\u00e1vazn\u00fd uznan\u00fd soubor svat\u00fdch text\u016f n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">k\u00e1non<\/span> (3. stol. p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 1. stol. n. l.) obsahuje \u010detn\u00e9 epizody s Marou. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u201aVelk\u00fd v\u016fz'; jedna ze t\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u00edch tradic buddhismu, s ide\u00e1lem b\u00f3dhisattvy a rozvinutou filozofickou reflex\u00ed.\">Mah\u00e1j\u00e1nov\u00e9<\/span> s\u00fatry roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed l\u00e1tku (Lalitavistara, Saddharmapundarika). <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u201aDiamantov\u00fd v\u016fz'; tantrick\u00e1 forma mah\u00e1j\u00e1nov\u00e9ho buddhismu, zejm\u00e9na v Tibetu, se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na praxi jidamu a mantrickou technikou.\">Vad\u017eraj\u00e1na<\/span> za\u010dle\u0148uje Maru do tantrick\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch praktik. Modern\u00ed buddhistick\u00e1 praxe po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>P\u016fvod v severn\u00ed Indii; s buddhismem se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il na Sr\u00ed Lanku, do jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie, v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie, Tibetu a do modern\u00edch glob\u00e1ln\u00edch buddhistick\u00fdch komunit. Lok\u00e1ln\u00ed podoby Mary po cel\u00e9 Asii, thajsk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mov\u00e1<\/span> malba, tibetsk\u00e9 thangky, japonsk\u00e9 d\u0159evo\u0159ezy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Padh\u00e1na sutta (Sutta nip\u00e1ta), M\u00e1ra-samjutta (Samjutta nik\u00e1ja), \u010detn\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed z d\u017e\u00e1tak, Lalitavistara (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Velk\u00fd v\u016fz; jedna ze t\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u00edch tradic buddhismu, s ide\u00e1lem b\u00f3dhisattvy.\">mah\u00e1j\u00e1nov\u00e1<\/span> biografie Buddhy), tibetsk\u00e1 koment\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1 tradice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a varianty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sanskrt a p\u00e1li:<\/strong> <em>M\u0101ra<\/em>.<br>P\u0159\u00edzviska: P\u00e1pij\u00e1s (\u201ehor\u0161\u00ed\u201c), Kanha (\u201e\u010dern\u00fd\u201c), Namuci (\u201eneuvol\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed\u201c), Antaka (\u201esmrt\u201c).<br>\u010cty\u0159i Marov\u00e9 (u\u010den\u00ed o \u010dty\u0159ech Marech): Skandha-Mara (agreg\u00e1ty jako p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eka), Kl\u00e9\u0161amara (du\u0161evn\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed), Marana-Mara (smrt), Devaputra-Mara (person\u00e1ln\u00ed Mara).<br>V\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie: \u010d\u00ednsky \u9b54 (<em>Mo<\/em>), japonsky <em>Ma<\/em>.<\/p><p>U\u010den\u00ed o \u010dty\u0159ech Marech d\u011bl\u00e1 z Mary v\u00edce ne\u017e person\u00e1ln\u00ed postavu: syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd popisuje v\u0161e, co blokuje cestu. To je filozoficky velmi bohat\u00e9 a vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d Mara nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt prost\u011b pora\u017een, je p\u0159ekon\u00e1n vhledem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charakteristiky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Vzhled<\/strong><\/p><p>Jako kr\u00e1sn\u00fd d\u00e9va K\u00e1madh\u00e1tu v pln\u00e9 majest\u00e1tnosti, mladistv\u00fd, z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00fd. P\u0159i \u00fatoku na Buddhu: na slonu, s velk\u00fdm vojskem, obklopen dcerami. Hn\u011bviv\u00e1 podoba: d\u011bsiv\u00fd, se zbran\u011bmi, chrl\u00edc\u00ed ohe\u0148. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka o obsahu obraz\u016f a jejich v\u00fdznamu.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ikonografie<\/span> se li\u0161\u00ed podle tradice a epizody.<\/p><p><strong>Chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Nikoli n\u00e1siln\u00e9, ale sv\u016fdn\u00e9 a psychologick\u00e9. Vys\u00edl\u00e1 smyslov\u00e9 podn\u011bty, strach, sebepochybnosti, p\u00fdchu, sebel\u00edtost. Jeho t\u0159i dcery Tanh\u00e1 (touha), Arati (odpor) a R\u00e1ga (\u017e\u00e1dostivost) ilustruj\u00ed typick\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby \u00fatoku.<\/p><p><strong>Oblast p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Cel\u00fd smyslov\u00fd sv\u011bt (K\u00e1madh\u00e1tu) je jeho \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed. Jeho moc sah\u00e1 tak daleko, jak dlouho bytosti lp\u00ed na smyslov\u00e9m. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b aktivn\u00ed se projevuje na prahu probuzen\u00ed, v okam\u017eiku pod stromem b\u00f3dhi nebo p\u0159i pokro\u010dil\u00e9 meditaci.<\/p><p><strong>Mytologick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Je d\u00e9va, nikoli <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no \u0161kodliv\u00e9 nebo dvojzna\u010dn\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mon<\/span> v z\u00e1padn\u00edm slova smyslu. Jeho postava spojuje kosmologick\u00e9 postaven\u00ed (p\u00e1n K\u00e1madh\u00e1tu) s psychologickou funkc\u00ed (z\u00e1stupce v\u0161ech p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek). V n\u011bkter\u00fdch tradic\u00edch se po sv\u00e9 por\u00e1\u017ece dokonce st\u00e1v\u00e1 Buddhov\u00fdm \u017e\u00e1kem a obr\u00e1t\u00ed se.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: M\u00e1ra<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekty M\u00e1ry v p\u0159ehledu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00e1r\u016fv p\u016fvod<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>D\u00e9va K\u00e1madh\u00e1tu, p\u00e1n smyslov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch text\u016f odpadl z p\u00fdchy. V roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9m pojet\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed: \u010dty\u0159i M\u00e1ry jako celkov\u00e1 teorie p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vztahuje se na<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u0161echny bytosti, kter\u00e9 lp\u00ed na smyslov\u00e9m. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b aktivn\u00ed u pokro\u010dil\u00fdch medituj\u00edc\u00edch a na prahu probuzen\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vzhled<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kr\u00e1sn\u00fd d\u00e9va v majest\u00e1tnosti; na slonu s vojskem; se t\u0159emi dcerami (touha, odpor, \u017e\u00e1dostivost). V hn\u011bviv\u00e9 podob\u011b tak\u00e9 jako d\u011bsiv\u00fd v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nikoli n\u00e1sil\u00edm, ale suggesc\u00ed: strachem, pochybnostmi, touhou, p\u00fdchou. Psychologicky rafinovan\u00fd, zn\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrana<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gesto dotyku zem\u011b (bh\u00famispar\u0161a mudr\u00e1), recitace text\u016f paritta, metta bh\u00e1van\u00e1 (meditace laskavosti), moudrost a v\u0161\u00edmavost jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ochrana. Nikoli zni\u010den\u00ed, ale prohl\u00e9dnut\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Obdoby<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145144\">Satan<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145149\">Ibl\u00eds<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145116\">Apophis<\/a>, hinduistick\u00fd K\u00e1ma jako b\u016fh l\u00e1sky.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zach\u00e1zen\u00ed v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed praxe<\/strong><\/p><p>Recitace paritta (th\u00e9rav\u00e1da) v kritick\u00fdch okam\u017eic\u00edch. Ratana sutta (\u201eSutta o drahokamech\u201c) a Karan\u00edja metta sutta jako centr\u00e1ln\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 texty. V mah\u00e1j\u00e1nov\u00e9 tradici <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo vz\u00fdvac\u00ed obr\u00e1cen\u00ed k bo\u017estvu nebo moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> b\u00f3dhisattv\u016f (Aval\u00f3kit\u00e9\u0161vara, Mand\u017eu\u0161r\u00ed) proti vliv\u016fm M\u00e1ry.<\/p><p><strong>Meditativn\u00ed praxe<\/strong><\/p><p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u201eobrana\u201c proti M\u00e1\u0159e nen\u00ed obranou, ale prohl\u00e9dnut\u00edm. V\u0161\u00edmavost (sati), vhled (vipassan\u00e1) a laskavost (metta) \u2013 v\u0161echny t\u0159i rozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed M\u00e1rovu moc, proto\u017ee nereaguj\u00ed na jeho svody. Buddhovo gesto dotyku zem\u011b je prvotn\u00edm obrazem t\u00e9to praxe.<\/p><p><strong>Vad\u017eraj\u00e1nov\u00e1 transformace<\/strong><\/p><p>V tantrick\u00fdch tradic\u00edch se M\u00e1rova energie nepot\u00edr\u00e1, n\u00fdbr\u017e se p\u0159etv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm hn\u011bviv\u00fdch medita\u010dn\u00edch bo\u017estev (Jam\u00e1ntaka, Heruka). Postava hn\u011bviv\u00e9ho ochr\u00e1nce je se strukturou M\u00e1rovy energie spojena, jen v p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 podob\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely a recepce<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 paralely:<\/strong> Satan a Ibl\u00eds sd\u00edlej\u00ed funkci poku\u0161itele. Rozd\u00edl je v tom, \u017ee M\u00e1ra p\u016fsob\u00ed uvnit\u0159 syst\u00e9mu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduismu, buddhismu a d\u017einismu z\u00e1kon p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny a n\u00e1sledku \u010din\u016f: ka\u017ed\u00fd skutek se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch existenc\u00edch.\">karmy<\/span>, nikoli jako kosmick\u00fd protib\u016fh. Jeho role je struktur\u00e1ln\u011b nutn\u00e1, nikoli zl\u00e1 v absolutn\u00edm smyslu.<\/p><p><strong>Psychologick\u00fd v\u00fdklad:<\/strong> Modern\u00ed buddhisti\u010dt\u00ed u\u010ditel\u00e9 (Bhikkhu Bodhi, Stephen Batchelor) ch\u00e1pou M\u00e1ru z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti psychologicky: jako souhrn vnit\u0159n\u00edch odpor\u016f proti cest\u011b. To jej \u010din\u00ed bezprost\u0159edn\u011b relevantn\u00edm pro dne\u0161n\u00ed medituj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p><p><strong>Um\u011bn\u00ed a popkultura:<\/strong> Sc\u00e9na M\u00e1rova \u00fatoku je jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch obrazov\u00fdch motiv\u016f buddhismu na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Zobrazov\u00e1n od Gandh\u00e1ry (2. 5. stol.) p\u0159es Borobudur a\u017e po modern\u00ed japonskou mangu. Ve videohr\u00e1ch a fantasy rom\u00e1nech je M\u00e1ra st\u00e1lou postavou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa5b4d88 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa5b4d88\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb5d02f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpb5d02f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Poku\u0161en\u00ed pod stromem b\u00f3dhi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp761498e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp761498e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp96af027 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp96af027\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed epizodou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span> o M\u00e1\u0159e je jeho \u00fatok na je\u0161t\u011b neprobuzen\u00e9ho Buddhu, b\u00f3dhisattvu Siddh\u00e1rthu Gautamu, v noci p\u0159ed jeho probuzen\u00edm pod f\u00edkovn\u00edkem u B\u00f3dhgaji.<\/p><p>Toto vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed je dochov\u00e1no v mnoha textech, mimo jin\u00e9 v <em>Padhana Sutta<\/em> p\u00e1lijsk\u00e9ho k\u00e1nonu a podrobn\u011b v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u017eivotopisech, jako je <em>Buddhacarita<\/em> od A\u0161vagh\u00f3\u0161i a <em>Lalitavistara<\/em>.<\/p><p>M\u00e1ra pozn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee b\u00f3dhisattva stoj\u00ed t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed pr\u016flomem a unikne jeho vl\u00e1d\u011b nad sv\u011btem zrozen\u00ed a smrti. Nejprve nasazuje sv\u00e1 vojska, d\u011bsiv\u00e9 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed d\u00e9monick\u00fdch postav, kter\u00e9 \u00fato\u010d\u00ed zbran\u011bmi, bou\u0159\u00ed, ohn\u011bm a temnotou.<\/p><p>V\u0161echny st\u0159ely se v\u0161ak ve chv\u00edli, kdy dos\u00e1hnou medituj\u00edc\u00edho b\u00f3dhisattvy, prom\u011bn\u00ed v kv\u011bty. Pot\u00e9 M\u00e1ra pos\u00edl\u00e1 sv\u00e9 dcery, kter\u00e9 se v n\u011bkter\u00fdch textech jmenuj\u00ed Tanh\u00e1, Arati a R\u00e1ga (\u017e\u00e1dost, nelibost, rozko\u0161), aby askety svedly, ale ani to se nezda\u0159\u00ed.<\/p><p>Nakonec M\u00e1ra zpochyb\u0148uje pr\u00e1vo b\u00f3dhisattvy zaujmout m\u00edsto probuzen\u00ed. B\u00f3dhisattva se pravou rukou dotkne zem\u011b a vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 ji za sv\u011bdka sv\u00fdch z\u00e1sluh nashrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch za nekone\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u017eivot\u016f. Zem\u011b to dosv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed, M\u00e1ra je pora\u017een a ustupuje.<\/p><p>Toto gesto, <em>bh\u00famispar\u0161a mudr\u00e1<\/em>, gesto dotyku zem\u011b, se stalo nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem zobrazen\u00ed Buddhy v cel\u00e9m buddhistick\u00e9m um\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa43bb8d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa43bb8d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0af113c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp0af113c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00e1ra jako psychologick\u00fd princip v kanonick\u00e9m u\u010den\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp920e0d7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp920e0d7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp97daf06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp97daf06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V nejstar\u0161\u00edch textech p\u00e1li k\u00e1nonu nen\u00ed M\u00e1ra jen postavou z vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 pojmem doktr\u00edny. Slovo <em>m\u00e1ra<\/em> je odvozeno od ko\u0159ene znamenaj\u00edc\u00edho um\u00edrat a znamen\u00e1 doslova ten, kdo zab\u00edj\u00ed, nebo smrt. M\u00e1ra zt\u011bles\u0148uje v\u0161e, co pout\u00e1 bytosti ke kolob\u011bhu zrozen\u00ed a smrti.<\/p><p>Koment\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1 tradice rozli\u0161uje n\u011bkolik aspekt\u016f \u010di druh\u016f M\u00e1ry. Uv\u00e1d\u00ed se mimo jin\u00e9 M\u00e1ra jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span> (<em>devaputta-mara<\/em>), M\u00e1ra jako p\u011bt skupin jsoucnosti (<em>khandha-mara<\/em>), M\u00e1ra jako du\u0161evn\u00ed ne\u010distoty (<em>kilesa-mara<\/em>) a M\u00e1ra jako sama smrt (<em>maccu-mara<\/em>).<\/p><p>M\u00e1ra je tak z\u00e1rove\u0148 konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm protivn\u00edkem a \u0161ifrou pro vnit\u0159n\u00ed s\u00edly, kter\u00e9 br\u00e1n\u00ed osvobozen\u00ed.<\/p><p>V <em>Samyutta Nik\u00e1ji<\/em> se nach\u00e1z\u00ed mnoho kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch setk\u00e1n\u00ed, v nich\u017e se M\u00e1ra zjevuje Buddhovi nebo jeho mnich\u016fm a mni\u0161k\u00e1m, aby je znejistil, rozpt\u00fdlil nebo p\u0159ivedl k pochybnostem. Pozoruhodn\u00fd je postoj probuzen\u00fdch postav: prost\u011b M\u00e1ru rozpoznaj\u00ed, promluv\u00ed k n\u011bmu, a t\u00edm ztr\u00e1c\u00ed svou moc.<\/p><p>Tradice th\u00e9rav\u00e1dy tyto sc\u00e9ny \u010dasto \u010dte jako alegorie vnit\u0159n\u00edch stav\u016f. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm zp\u016fsobem a bez vazby na v\u00edru.\" tabindex=\"0\">Religionistika<\/span> zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee v ran\u00e9m buddhismu nebyla mytick\u00e1 a psychologick\u00e1 rovina odd\u011bleny, ale byly ch\u00e1p\u00e1ny jako dv\u011b str\u00e1nky t\u00e9\u017ee skute\u010dnosti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc0e6bee e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpc0e6bee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp660c692 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp660c692\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00e1riino postaven\u00ed v buddhistick\u00e9 kosmologii<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc2284b1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpc2284b1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp89354b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp89354b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V r\u00e1mci buddhistick\u00e9ho obrazu sv\u011bta nen\u00ed M\u00e1ra mimosv\u011btsk\u00fdm protivn\u00edkem, n\u00fdbr\u017e s\u00e1m sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed kosmu zrozen\u00ed. Je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za vl\u00e1dce nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho nebe smyslov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch textech za obyvatele nebe <em>Paranirmita-vasavartin<\/em>. M\u00e1ra je tedy mocnou bytost\u00ed s dlouh\u00fdm \u017eivotem a velkou moc\u00ed, ale nen\u00ed v\u011b\u010dn\u00fd a nen\u00ed osvobozen\u00fd.<\/p><p>Jeho z\u00e1jem na zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed probuzen\u00ed vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b z tohoto postaven\u00ed. Dokud bytosti z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v kolob\u011bhu zrozen\u00ed, z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v M\u00e1rov\u011b sf\u00e9\u0159e vlivu. Kdo dos\u00e1hne osvobozen\u00ed, t\u00e9to vl\u00e1d\u011b se vymyk\u00e1. M\u00e1ra proto nen\u00ed absolutn\u00edm zlem ve smyslu kosmick\u00e9ho dualismu, n\u00fdbr\u017e moc\u00ed uvnit\u0159 podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, kter\u00e1 h\u00e1j\u00ed svou vlastn\u00ed sf\u00e9ru.<\/p><p>Tato koncepce z\u00e1sadn\u011b odli\u0161uje buddhismus od dualistick\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, v nich\u017e princip zla stoj\u00ed na roven principu dobra. M\u00e1ra je mocn\u00fd, ale v z\u00e1sad\u011b p\u0159ekonateln\u00fd, a jeho por\u00e1\u017eka nen\u00ed zni\u010den\u00edm nep\u0159\u00edtele, n\u00fdbr\u017e pouh\u00fdm vyman\u011bn\u00ed se z jeho vlivu.<\/p><p>B\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed upozornilo na to, \u017ee pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tradice, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v mah\u00e1j\u00e1n\u011b, M\u00e1riinu roli d\u00e1le rozli\u0161ovaly a n\u011bkter\u00e9 dokonce u\u010dily, \u017ee probuzen\u00e1 bytost m\u016f\u017ee M\u00e1\u0159e p\u0159istupovat se soucitem, nebo\u0165 i on je trp\u00edc\u00ed bytost\u00ed v kolob\u011bhu existence.<\/p><p>Vzd\u00e1lenou paralelu k postav\u011b poku\u0161itele nal\u00e9z\u00e1me i v jin\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch, nap\u0159\u00edklad v postav\u011b, kterou <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145214\">k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 texty<\/a> znaj\u00ed jako protivn\u00edka, kosmologick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed je v\u0161ak zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Doporu\u010den\u00e9 intern\u00ed odkazy:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145169\">Buddhismus<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145177\">Preta<\/a>, Jamad\u00fata, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145179\">Str\u00e1\u017eci Naraky<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145180\">D\u00e1kin\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145144\">Satan<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145149\">Ibl\u00eds<\/a> (paralely s poku\u0161itelem)<\/li><li>Buddhovo probuzen\u00ed pod stromem b\u00f3dh\u00ed<\/li><li>Nauka o \u010dty\u0159ech M\u00e1r\u00e1ch (skandha, kl\u00e9\u0161a, marana, d\u00e9vaputra)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Odborn\u00e1 literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>V\u00fdb\u011br kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch prac\u00ed o M\u00e1\u0159e:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Boyd, James W.: <em>Satan and M\u0101ra. Christian and Buddhist Symbols of Evil<\/em>. Leiden 1975.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Ling, T. O.: <em>Buddhism and the Mythology of Evil<\/em>. London 1962.<\/span><\/li><li>Nyanaponika Thera: <em>The Four Nutriments of Life<\/em>. Kandy 1981.<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Walshe, Maurice: <em>The Long Discourses of the Buddha<\/em>. Boston 1995 (p\u0159ek. Digha Nikaya).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Rhys Davids, Thomas W.: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sacred-texts.com\/bud\/sbe11\/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Buddhist Suttas<\/a><\/em>. Oxford 1881.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dal\u0161\u00ed standardn\u00ed d\u00edla naleznete v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145257\">seznamu literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b29ad2f e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b29ad2f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b50593 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9b50593\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o M\u00e1\u0159ovi<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Kdo je M\u00e1ra v buddhistick\u00e9 tradici?<\/h3><p>M\u00e1ra (sanskrt pro smrt, poku\u0161itel) je v buddhismu zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00edm poku\u0161en\u00ed, sv\u011btsk\u00e9ho ulp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a smrti.<\/p><p>M\u00e1ra vystoupil proti Buddhovi pod b\u00f3dhistromem a sna\u017eil se ho odvr\u00e1tit od dosa\u017een\u00ed osv\u00edcen\u00ed, s vojsky d\u00e9mon\u016f, se sv\u00fdmi t\u0159emi dcerami (Touha, Nechu\u0165, Rozko\u0161) a s v\u00fdtkou, \u017ee Buddha nem\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo na osv\u00edcen\u00ed. Buddha se dotkl zem\u011b, kterou p\u0159ivolal za sv\u011bdka, a M\u00e1ru porazil d\u00edky sv\u00e9 nezlomnosti.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Co jsou \u010dty\u0159i M\u00e1ry v buddhismu?<\/h3><p>Buddhistick\u00e1 nauka rozli\u0161uje \u010dty\u0159i aspekty M\u00e1ry: (1) Skandha-M\u00e1ra, poku\u0161en\u00ed skrze p\u011bt skupin byt\u00ed (t\u011blo, cit, vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed, ment\u00e1ln\u00ed formace, v\u011bdom\u00ed); (2) Kl\u00e9sha-M\u00e1ra, poku\u0161en\u00ed skrze skvrny (cht\u00ed\u010d, nen\u00e1vist, zaslepenost); (3) Mrityu-M\u00e1ra, samotn\u00e1 smrt; (4) D\u00e9vaputra-M\u00e1ra, nebesk\u00fd poku\u0161itel (osobn\u00ed podoba postavy). V\u0161emi \u010dty\u0159mi je t\u0159eba na cest\u011b k osvobozen\u00ed proj\u00edt.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Kdo je M\u00e1ra v buddhistick\u00e9 tradici?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"M\u00e1ra (sanskrt pro smrt, poku\u0161itel) je v buddhismu zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00edm poku\u0161en\u00ed, sv\u011btsk\u00e9ho ulp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a smrti. M\u00e1ra vystoupil proti Buddhovi pod b\u00f3dhistromem a sna\u017eil se ho odvr\u00e1tit od dosa\u017een\u00ed osv\u00edcen\u00ed \\u2014 s vojsky d\u00e9mon\u016f, se sv\u00fdmi t\u0159emi dcerami (Touha, Nechu\u0165, Rozko\u0161) a s v\u00fdtkou, \u017ee Buddha nem\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo na osv\u00edcen\u00ed. Buddha se dotkl zem\u011b \\u2014 kterou p\u0159ivolal za sv\u011bdka \\u2014 a M\u00e1ru porazil d\u00edky sv\u00e9 nezlomnosti.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Co jsou \u010dty\u0159i M\u00e1ry v buddhismu?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Buddhistick\u00e1 nauka rozli\u0161uje \u010dty\u0159i aspekty M\u00e1ry: (1) Skandha-M\u00e1ra, poku\u0161en\u00ed skrze p\u011bt skupin byt\u00ed (t\u011blo, cit, vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed, ment\u00e1ln\u00ed formace, v\u011bdom\u00ed); (2) Kl\u00e9sha-M\u00e1ra, poku\u0161en\u00ed skrze skvrny (cht\u00ed\u010d, nen\u00e1vist, zaslepenost); (3) Mrityu-M\u00e1ra, samotn\u00e1 smrt; (4) D\u00e9vaputra-M\u00e1ra, nebesk\u00fd poku\u0161itel (osobn\u00ed podoba postavy). V\u0161emi \u010dty\u0159mi je t\u0159eba na cest\u011b k osvobozen\u00ed proj\u00edt.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1554,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Mara buddhistick\u00fd poku\u0161itel","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Mara \u2013 b\u016fh buddhistick\u00e9 tradice","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Mara je centr\u00e1ln\u00ed postavou protivn\u00edka v buddhistick\u00e9 tradici. Jeho nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sc\u00e9nou je noc p\u0159ed Buddhov\u00fdm osv\u00edcen\u00edm pod stromem b\u00f3dhi.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"4","wesen_kultur":"buddhismus","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145176","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mara \u2013 b\u016fh buddhistick\u00e9 tradice<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mara je centr\u00e1ln\u00ed postavou protivn\u00edka v buddhistick\u00e9 tradici. 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