{"id":145172,"date":"2026-09-03T16:27:45","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:27:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145172"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:48:47","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:48:47","slug":"asura","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/asura\/","title":{"rendered":"Asura"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145172\" class=\"elementor elementor-145172 elementor-1203\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Asura, b\u016fh hinduistick\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Asura je b\u016fh hinduistick\u00e9 tradice.<\/p><p><strong>Protibohov\u00e9, brat\u0159i Dev\u016f ve v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9m kosmick\u00e9m z\u00e1pase.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh \/ bohyn\u011b: Personifikovan\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc v panteonu kultury, s jasn\u011b vymezen\u00fdmi oblastmi p\u016fsobnosti, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edly, osud, v\u00e1lka, plodnost. Uct\u00edvan\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kult\u016f, ob\u011bt\u00ed a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch instituc\u00ed.\">B\u016fh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145168\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Hinduistick\u00e9 sv\u011bty boh\u016f, asur\u016f a ochrany, v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 a\u017e tantrick\u00e9.\">Hinduismus<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145232\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mocnosti chaosu a kosmi\u010dt\u00ed protivn\u00edci, prot\u011bj\u0161ky v n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-historick\u00e9m dualismu.\">Antib\u016fh<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_asura-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1587\" alt=\"Asura\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_asura-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_asura-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_asura-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_asura.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Asura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Asurov\u00e9 jsou velk\u00fdmi protiklady Dev\u016f, v\u00e9dsk\u00fdch a hinduistick\u00fdch boh\u016f. Ob\u011b skupiny podle Pur\u00e1n poch\u00e1zej\u00ed od prap\u0159edka Prad\u017e\u00e1patiho (nebo Ka\u0161japy), jsou tedy p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed, nikoli pouh\u00fdmi nep\u0159\u00e1teli.<\/p><p>Jejich rivalita o kosmick\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d, o n\u00e1poj nesmrtelnosti <em>amrita<\/em>, o moc a vliv se t\u00e1hne celou indickou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologi\u00ed<\/span>, od Rgv\u00e9dy a\u017e po Pur\u00e1ny.<\/p><p>Za pov\u0161imnut\u00ed stoj\u00ed, \u017ee v nejstar\u0161\u00edm rgv\u00e9dsk\u00e9m textu je slovo \u201easura&#8220; nejprve pozitivn\u00edm ozna\u010den\u00edm i pro bohy jako Varuna. Teprve postupn\u011b se v\u00fdznam posouv\u00e1 k protivn\u00edkovi. Paralela s \u00edr\u00e1nskou avest\u00e1nskou tradic\u00ed je n\u00e1padn\u00e1: tam jsou <em>ahurov\u00e9<\/em> dob\u0159\u00ed bohov\u00e9 a <em>daevov\u00e9<\/em> d\u00e9moni, p\u0159esn\u011b naopak ne\u017e ve v\u00fdvoji v Indii.<\/p><div><p><strong>V\u00e9dsk\u00e9 ko\u0159eny v Rgv\u00e9d\u011b a opozice Asura-Deva<\/strong><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Kategorie Asura m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 ko\u0159eny ve v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 tradici, zaznamenan\u00e9 v <em>Rgv\u00e9d\u011b<\/em> (asi 1500\u20131200 p\u0159. n. l.), jednom z nejstar\u0161\u00edch indoevropsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch text\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p>V Rgv\u00e9d\u011b nejsou <em>asurov\u00e9<\/em> je\u0161t\u011b prim\u00e1rn\u011b d\u00e9moni\u010dt\u00ed, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e soupe\u0159\u00edc\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 mocnosti, \u010dasto vybaven\u00e9 bo\u017esk\u00fdmi atributy. Opozice mezi Asurou a <em>devou<\/em> (bohy) nen\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u011b mor\u00e1ln\u00ed, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e rozd\u00edlem v kosmick\u00e9 hierarchii.<\/p><p>Ran\u00e9 v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 hymny popisuj\u00ed Asuru jako mocn\u00e9ho a inteligentn\u00edho, \u010dasto jako kosmogonick\u00e9ho partnera Dev\u016f v soupe\u0159\u00edc\u00edch konfliktech stvo\u0159en\u00ed. A\u017e v pozdn\u011b v\u00e9dsk\u00fdch textech a protopur\u00e1nsk\u00fdch sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch doch\u00e1z\u00ed k mor\u00e1ln\u00ed degradaci: Asurov\u00e9 jsou p\u0159ezna\u010deni na zl\u00e9 \u010di ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed mocnosti.<\/p><p>Tato reinterpretace pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed historick\u00e9 konflikty indo\u00e1rijc\u016f s p\u0159edv\u00e9dsk\u00fdm obyvatelstvem, jejich\u017e bo\u017estva byla stigmatizov\u00e1na jako Asurov\u00e9. Kontinuita od v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 rivality k pur\u00e1nsk\u00e9 demonizaci je slo\u017eit\u00fdm procesem v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch teologie.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rychl\u00fd p\u0159ehled: Asura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> protibohov\u00e9, kosmi\u010dt\u00ed rivalov\u00e9 Dev\u016f<br>P\u016fvod: podle Pur\u00e1n od prap\u0159edka Prad\u017e\u00e1patiho\/Ka\u0161japy<br>Podt\u0159\u00eddy: daitjov\u00e9 (od Diti), danavov\u00e9 (od Danu)<br>Texty: Rgv\u00e9da, brahm\u00e1ny, Mah\u00e1bh\u00e1rata, Pur\u00e1ny<br>Obdob\u00ed: od v\u00e9dsk\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed do sou\u010dasnosti<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontext<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Ran\u00e9 zm\u00ednky v Rgv\u00e9d\u011b (od asi 1500 p\u0159. n. l.), kde je slovo \u201easura&#8220; zprvu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no pozitivn\u011b-neutr\u00e1ln\u011b. Brahm\u00e1ny a upani\u0161ady (800, 500 p\u0159. n. l.) tuto polaritu upev\u0148uj\u00ed. Epika a Pur\u00e1ny p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed velk\u00e9 postavy Asur\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Indick\u00fd subkontinent. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm hinduistick\u00e9 a buddhistick\u00e9 misie se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed do jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie. V buddhismu se Asura zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 jako oblast existence (<em>asura-gati<\/em>) a putuje tak d\u00e1le do v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rgv\u00e9da, Atharvav\u00e9da, brahm\u00e1ny, R\u00e1maj\u00e1na a Mah\u00e1bh\u00e1rata, Pur\u00e1ny (Bh\u00e1gavata, Vi\u0161nu, D\u00e9v\u00ed), tantry. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy: Samudra-manthan, Durga a Mahi\u0161\u00e1sura, boje avat\u00e1r\u016f Kr\u0161ny.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sanskrt:<\/strong> <em>asura<\/em>, mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo <em>asur\u0101\u1e25<\/em>.<br>Podt\u0159\u00eddy: <em>daitya<\/em> (od Diti), <em>danava<\/em> (od Danu), oba zplozeni Ka\u0161japou.<br>Etymologie: sporn\u00e1, spojov\u00e1na se slovem <em>asu<\/em> \u201e\u017eivotn\u00ed dech&#8220;; avest\u00e1nsko-\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 <em>ahura<\/em>.<br>Zn\u00e1m\u00e9 postavy: Hiranjaka\u0161ipu, Mahi\u0161\u00e1sura, Vritra, Bali.<\/p><p>Indo\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 roz\u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed je jedine\u010dn\u00e9: stejn\u00fd ko\u0159en se v \u00cdr\u00e1nu st\u00e1v\u00e1 hlavn\u00edm bohem (<em>Ahura Mazda<\/em>), v Indii protivn\u00edkem boh\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Vzhled<\/strong><\/p><p>Bojovn\u00fd, \u010dasto s v\u00edce pa\u017eemi a hlavami. N\u011bkdy ve zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed podob\u011b (Mahi\u0161\u00e1sura jako buvol). V <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka o obrazov\u00fdch motivech a jejich v\u00fdznamu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografii<\/span> obrn\u011bn\u00fd, s korunami.<\/p><p><strong>Chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Typick\u00fd vzorec: Asura prov\u00e1d\u00ed askezi, z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 bo\u017esk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ud\u011blen\u00ed blaha a ochrany, \u010dasto v pevn\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 form\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span>, st\u00e1v\u00e1 se nezraniteln\u00fdm a naru\u0161uje kosmick\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d. Bohov\u00e9 zasahuj\u00ed (avat\u00e1\u0159i Vi\u0161nua, Durga, \u0160iva) a Asuru p\u0159em\u00e1haj\u00ed.<\/p><p><strong>Oblast p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Kosmick\u00e1, nebe, podsv\u011bt\u00ed, t\u0159i sv\u011bty. P\u00e1tala jako podsv\u011bt\u00ed Asur\u016f.<\/p><p><strong>Mytologick\u00fd p\u016fvod<\/strong><\/p><p>Zplozeni Ka\u0161japou s Aditi (Devov\u00e9), Diti (daitjov\u00e9), Danu (danavov\u00e9). Bratrsk\u00fd vztah k Dev\u016fm.<\/p><div><p><strong>Klasifikace v Mah\u00e1bh\u00e1rat\u011b a kosmick\u00e9 v\u00e1lky<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Mah\u00e1bh\u00e1rata<\/em> (redigovan\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b mezi 400 p\u0159. n. l. a 400 n. l.) ustavuje Asury jako pevn\u011b danou kosmickou t\u0159\u00eddu s vymezen\u00fdmi charakteristikami a rolemi v nadp\u0159irozen\u00fdch hierarchi\u00edch.<\/p><p>V Mah\u00e1bh\u00e1rat\u011b jsou Asurov\u00e9 koncipov\u00e1ni m\u00e9n\u011b mor\u00e1ln\u011b a v\u00edce funk\u010dn\u011b: jsou to v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edci, kouzeln\u00edci a rivalov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed s Devy bojuj\u00ed o kosmick\u00e9 zdroje. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b jsou v Mah\u00e1bh\u00e1rat\u011b zd\u016fraz\u0148ov\u00e1ny schopnosti Asur\u016f: <em>maya<\/em> (nadp\u0159irozen\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed iluze), <em>tapasya<\/em> (askeze jako hromad\u011bn\u00ed moci) a nadp\u0159irozen\u00e9 zbran\u011b.<\/p><p>Texty ukazuj\u00ed Asury nikoli jako pouh\u00e9 zlo, ale jako mor\u00e1ln\u011b ambivalentn\u00ed: mohou jednat eticky nebo neeticky podle sv\u00e9 volby. Tato ambivalence odli\u0161uje pojet\u00ed Mah\u00e1bh\u00e1raty od pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pur\u00e1nsk\u00fdch verz\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zavedly siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00ed manicheismus. Kosmick\u00e9 v\u00e1lky mezi Devy a Asury se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed metaforami etick\u00fdch konflikt\u016f uvnit\u0159 lidstva.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Asura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekty Asur\u016f na jeden pohled.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kulturn\u00ed kontext<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Potomci Ka\u0161japy s Diti\/Danu. Nevlastn\u00ed brat\u0159i Dev\u016f. Indo\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fd ko\u0159en je spojuje s avest\u00e1nsk\u00fdm <em>Ahurou<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Adres\u00e1ti<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kosmick\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d, Devov\u00e9. Vyzyvatel\u00e9 vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch boh\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forma<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bojovn\u00ed, v\u00edce pa\u017e\u00ed\/hlav, mo\u017en\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed podoby. Obrn\u011bn\u00ed, majest\u00e1tn\u00ed, s mocn\u00fdmi zbran\u011bmi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Funkce<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Naru\u0161uj\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d moc\u00ed z\u00edskanou askez\u00ed. Ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed nebesa i podsv\u011bt\u00ed a mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pora\u017eeni bo\u017esk\u00fdmi avat\u00e1ry.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Formy ochrany<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejde o individu\u00e1ln\u00ed obranu, ale o bo\u017esk\u00fd z\u00e1sah. Vishnuovy avat\u00e1ry, Durga proti Mahi\u0161\u00e1surovi, \u0160iva proti Tripur\u00e1surovi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 bytosti<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Avest\u0161t\u00ed ahurov\u00e9 (v obr\u00e1cen\u00e9 podob\u011b), tit\u00e1ni, j\u00f6tunov\u00e9, anfrit v zoroastrismu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00fdty a souboje<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Samudra-manthan<\/strong><\/p><p>D\u00e9vov\u00e9 a asurov\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u011b stloukaj\u00ed ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fd oce\u00e1n, aby z\u00edskali amritu. Vishnu v podob\u011b M\u00f3hin\u00ed asury oklame a amritu nech\u00e1 pouze d\u00e9v\u016fm, co\u017e je zdrojem v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed.<\/p><p><strong>Nrisinha proti Hiranjaka\u0161ipuovi<\/strong><\/p><p>Hiranjaka\u0161ipu z\u00edsk\u00e1 nezranitelnost, kterou nelze poru\u0161it ve dne ani v noci, ani uvnit\u0159, ani venku, ani \u010dlov\u011bkem, ani zv\u00ed\u0159etem. Vishnu v podob\u011b Nrisinhy (mu\u017ee-lva) ho poraz\u00ed na prahu dve\u0159\u00ed.<\/p><p><strong>Durga a Mahi\u0161\u00e1sura<\/strong><\/p><p>Buvol\u00edho asuru Mahi\u0161\u00e1suru lze porazit pouze \u017eenskou moc\u00ed. D\u00e9vov\u00e9 soust\u0159ed\u00ed svou energii do Durgy, kter\u00e1 ho po dev\u00edtidenn\u00edm boji zabije, co\u017e se slav\u00ed jako Navr\u00e1tri.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely a recepce<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Indo\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 roz\u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed:<\/strong> V zoroastrismu je Ahura Mazda nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm bohem a da\u00e9vov\u00e9 jsou d\u00e9moni, co\u017e je obr\u00e1cen\u00ed indick\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje. Ob\u011b tradice vych\u00e1zej\u00ed ze spole\u010dn\u00e9 indo\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 tradice.<\/p><p><strong>Buddhistick\u00e9 p\u0159ijet\u00ed:<\/strong> Asura-gati jako jedna ze \u0161esti sf\u00e9r byt\u00ed. Znovuzrozen\u00ed jako asura pramen\u00ed ze \u017e\u00e1rlivosti a p\u00fdchy.<\/p><p><strong>Modern\u00ed recepce:<\/strong> Bollywood, literatura Amishe Trip\u00e1th\u00edho, popul\u00e1rn\u011b nau\u010dn\u00e9 knihy Devdutta Pattanaika. Fantasy sv\u011bty adaptuj\u00ed asury po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p><div><p><strong>Buddhistick\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed o \u0161esti sv\u011btech a japonsk\u00e1 tradice \u0161ura<\/strong><\/p><p>V buddhismu byli asurov\u00e9 za\u010dlen\u011bni do sch\u00e9matu \u0161esti sf\u00e9r existence (<em>gati<\/em>), kde tvo\u0159\u00ed samostatnou kategorii. Toto buddhistick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed prom\u011bnilo hinduisticko-v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 asury v nadp\u0159irozen\u00e9 bytosti, kter\u00e9 se d\u00edky karm\u011b rod\u00ed do sf\u00e9ry mezi bohy a lidmi.<\/p><p>Asurov\u00e9 jsou v tomto u\u010den\u00ed charakterizov\u00e1ni p\u00fdchou, agresivitou a nekone\u010dn\u00fdm soupe\u0159en\u00edm; trp\u00ed neust\u00e1le t\u00edm, \u017ee sami zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed konflikty.<\/p><p>Buddhistick\u00e1 koncepce sf\u00e9ry asur\u016f byla rozpracov\u00e1na zejm\u00e9na v mah\u00e1j\u00e1nov\u00e9m buddhismu, kde jsou asurov\u00e9 ch\u00e1p\u00e1ni jako duchovn\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci schopn\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout osvobozen\u00ed. V Japonsku byly tyto koncepty p\u0159eneseny pod n\u00e1zvem <em>\u0161ura<\/em> (zvukov\u00e1 adaptace sanskrtu) a staly se \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm pojmem japonsk\u00e9 buddhistick\u00e9 filosofie.<\/p><p>\u0160urov\u00e9 zt\u011bles\u0148ovali v japonsk\u00e9 estetice utrpen\u00ed nekone\u010dn\u00e9ho boje; <em>\u0161ura-e<\/em> (malby \u0161ura) se staly samostatn\u00fdm um\u011bleck\u00fdm \u017e\u00e1nrem, kter\u00fd zobrazoval vnit\u0159n\u00ed stavy pln\u00e9 konfliktu.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp13f23d6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp13f23d6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp566be28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp566be28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prom\u011bna v\u00fdznamu slova od v\u00e9d po klasick\u00e9 obdob\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0efae34 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp0efae34\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1233a87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp1233a87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pojem <em>asura<\/em> pro\u0161el v pr\u016fb\u011bhu indick\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch d\u011bjin hlubokou prom\u011bnou, kter\u00e1 je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro pochopen\u00ed t\u00e9to t\u0159\u00eddy bytost\u00ed. V nejstar\u0161\u00edch vrstv\u00e1ch <em>Rgv\u00e9du<\/em> nen\u00ed <em>asura<\/em> hanliv\u00fdm v\u00fdrazem.<\/p><p>Ozna\u010duje vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed, mocnou d\u016fstojnost a je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n i pro velk\u00e9 bohy jako Varuna, Mitra a tak\u00e9 Indra. <em>Asura<\/em> zde znamen\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b p\u00e1n nebo vl\u00e1dce \u017eivotn\u00ed s\u00edly.<\/p><p>V pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u00e9dsk\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed se toto u\u017eit\u00ed posouv\u00e1. <em>Asura<\/em> se st\u00e1le v\u00edce st\u00e1v\u00e1 protikladem k pojmu <em>d\u00e9va<\/em>, nebesk\u00e9mu bohu. Z p\u016fvodn\u00edho ozna\u010den\u00ed d\u016fstojnosti se st\u00e1v\u00e1 ozna\u010den\u00ed pro samostatnou skupinu mocnost\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch boh\u016fm.<\/p><p>V brahmansk\u00fdch textech je tento protiklad ji\u017e pln\u011b vyvinut\u00fd: d\u00e9vov\u00e9 a asurov\u00e9 jsou dva znep\u0159\u00e1telen\u00e9 rody, kter\u00e9 bojuj\u00ed o vl\u00e1du nad sv\u011btem.<\/p><p>B\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed navrhlo pro tuto prom\u011bnu r\u016fzn\u00e1 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed. Star\u0161\u00ed, dnes kriticky nahl\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 teze ji spojovala se vztahem k \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9mu n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, kde p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 slovo <em>ahura<\/em>, jako ve jm\u00e9n\u011b Ahura Mazda, ozna\u010duje naopak nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pozitivn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u011bjak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>, zat\u00edmco <em>da\u00e9va<\/em> se tam stalo ozna\u010den\u00edm pro d\u00e9mony.<\/p><p>Toto zrcadlov\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed je n\u00e1padn\u00e9, p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 historick\u00e1 souvislost je v\u0161ak sporn\u00e1. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je vnitroindick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj, kdy lidov\u00e1 etymologie vykl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed <em>a-sura<\/em> jako ne-boha prom\u011bnu v\u00fdznamu je\u0161t\u011b pos\u00edlila.<\/p><p>Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, \u017ee asurov\u00e9 ani ve sv\u00e9 pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, negativn\u00ed podob\u011b nejsou pouh\u00fdmi zloduchy. Jsou mocn\u00ed, \u010dasto zbo\u017en\u00ed a asketi\u010dt\u00ed, a jejich prohry proti d\u00e9v\u016fm jsou \u010dasto jen do\u010dasn\u00e9. Protiklad zde nen\u00ed tolik protikladem dobra a zla jako sp\u00ed\u0161e protikladem dvou kosmick\u00fdch stran.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp76cedd6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp76cedd6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbe529c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpbe529c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stlouk\u00e1n\u00ed ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp247c070 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp247c070\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf6c1437 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpf6c1437\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtem<\/span>, ve kter\u00e9m d\u00e9vov\u00e9 a asurov\u00e9 spolupracuj\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 soupe\u0159\u00ed, je stlouk\u00e1n\u00ed ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu, sanskrtsky <em>Samudra manthana<\/em>. Je zachycen v <em>Mah\u00e1bh\u00e1rat\u011b<\/em>, v n\u011bkolika pur\u00e1n\u00e1ch a v <em>R\u00e1m\u00e1jan\u011b<\/em> a pat\u0159\u00ed k nej\u010dast\u011bji zobrazovan\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016fm indick\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p><p>Bohov\u00e9, oslaben\u00ed a bl\u00edzc\u00ed ztr\u00e1t\u011b nesmrtelnosti, uzav\u0159ou na Vishnuovu radu \u00fa\u010delov\u00e9 spojenectv\u00ed s asury. Spole\u010dn\u011b cht\u011bj\u00ed stloukat oce\u00e1n, aby z\u00edskali <em>amritu<\/em>, n\u00e1poj nesmrtelnosti, a dal\u0161\u00ed vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 v\u011bci.<\/p><p>Jako stloukac\u00ed ty\u010d slou\u017e\u00ed hora Mandara, jako stloukac\u00ed provaz had V\u00e1suki. Asurov\u00e9 dr\u017e\u00ed provaz za hlavu hada, d\u00e9vov\u00e9 za ocas, a ob\u011b strany st\u0159\u00eddav\u011b t\u00e1hnou.<\/p><p>Z oce\u00e1nu postupn\u011b vystupuje mnoho bytost\u00ed a p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, mezi nimi bohyn\u011b \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed Lak\u0161m\u00ed, nebesk\u00fd o\u0159, strom p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed a nakonec smrt\u00edc\u00ed jed <em>halahala<\/em>, kter\u00fd vypije \u0160iva a zadr\u017e\u00ed ho ve sv\u00e9m hrdle. Nakonec se objev\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159 boh\u016f Dhanvantari s n\u00e1dobou amrity.<\/p><p>Nyn\u00ed se spojenectv\u00ed rozpad\u00e1. Vishnu na sebe vezme podobu okouzluj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eeny M\u00f3hin\u00ed, ujme se rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed a amritu d\u00e1 pouze d\u00e9v\u016fm. Asura R\u00e1hu se vpl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed mezi bohy, ale slunce a m\u011bs\u00edc ho prozrad\u00ed; Vishnu mu usekne hlavu, ta se v\u0161ak ji\u017e dotkla n\u00e1poje a z\u016fstala nesmrteln\u00e1.<\/p><p>Z t\u00e9to epizody <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> vysv\u011btluje zatm\u011bn\u00ed slunce a m\u011bs\u00edce, ch\u00e1pan\u00e1 jako jejich pohlcov\u00e1n\u00ed R\u00e1huem. Vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nel\u00ed\u010d\u00ed asury jako pouh\u00e9 pora\u017een\u00e9, ale jako nezbytn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky kosmick\u00e9ho procesu, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou o svou odm\u011bnu p\u0159ipraveni lst\u00ed, nikoli slabost\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5168fbd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp5168fbd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp992f40f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp992f40f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Asurov\u00e9 v buddhistick\u00e9m kosmu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp955e083 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp955e083\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5a6bd6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp5a6bd6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Asurov\u00e9 se neomezuj\u00ed pouze na hinduismus. Buddhismus tuto t\u0159\u00eddu bytost\u00ed p\u0159evzal a vyhradil j\u00ed pevn\u00e9 m\u00edsto ve sv\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159edstava o uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta uvnit\u0159 dan\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologii<\/span>. V buddhistick\u00e9 nauce o \u0161esti oblastech existence, do nich\u017e se bytosti podle sv\u00e9ho karmy znovu rod\u00ed, tvo\u0159\u00ed asurov\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed oblast, <em>asura-gati<\/em>.<\/p><p>Jejich postaven\u00ed je zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed. Asurov\u00e9 jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za mocn\u00e9 a dlouhov\u011bk\u00e9, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch ohledech podobn\u00e9 boh\u016fm, av\u0161ak jejich existence je ur\u010dena z\u00e1vist\u00ed, sv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm spor\u016f a neust\u00e1l\u00fdm bojem.<\/p><p>Hled\u00ed na \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed boh\u016f a tou\u017e\u00ed po n\u011bm, ani\u017e by ho mohli dos\u00e1hnout. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch v\u00fd\u010dtech oblast\u00ed existence proto nejsou uv\u00e1d\u011bni samostatn\u011b, ale b\u00fdvaj\u00ed p\u0159i\u0159azov\u00e1ni bu\u010f k boh\u016fm, nebo k ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm oblastem, co\u017e se v buddhistick\u00e9 tradici li\u0161\u00ed.<\/p><p>Opakuj\u00edc\u00edm se <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivem<\/span> buddhistick\u00fdch text\u016f je v\u00e1lka asur\u016f proti boh\u016fm nebe t\u0159iat\u0159iceti boh\u016f pod veden\u00edm jejich v\u016fdce Sakky, jen\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 hinduistick\u00e9mu Indrovi. Tento boj o Sv\u011btovou horu je popisov\u00e1n jako nekone\u010dn\u00e9, nikdy neutuchaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1polen\u00ed.<\/p><p>Z n\u00e1bo\u017eenskopsychologick\u00e9ho hlediska ch\u00e1pe buddhistick\u00e1 tradice oblast asur\u016f jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u00fdsti\u017en\u00fd obraz, kter\u00fd vyjad\u0159uje abstraktn\u00ed my\u0161lenku.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> ur\u010dit\u00e9ho du\u0161evn\u00edho stavu: existence ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017eivost\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1rlivost\u00ed a neust\u00e1l\u00fdm srovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm se s druh\u00fdmi. Takov\u00e9 byt\u00ed disponuje moc\u00ed a zd\u00e1nliv\u00fdm \u0161t\u011bst\u00edm, ale je vnit\u0159n\u011b rozerv\u00e1no nespokojenost\u00ed.<\/p><p>V tibetsk\u00e9m zobrazen\u00ed kola \u017eivota, <em>Bhava\u010dakry<\/em>, m\u00e1 oblast asur\u016f pevn\u00e9 m\u00edsto, \u010dasto vyobrazen\u00e1 se stromem p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed, jeho\u017e ko\u0159eny sahaj\u00ed k asur\u016fm, av\u0161ak jeho\u017e plody skl\u00edzej\u00ed bohov\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd530125 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpd530125\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1b5f268 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp1b5f268\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jednotliv\u00ed asurov\u00e9 a jejich p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp618b90f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp618b90f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp87a342b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp87a342b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u0159\u00edda asur\u016f zahrnuje \u0159adu jednotliv\u00fdch postav, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed v epick\u00e9 a pur\u00e1nsk\u00e9 literatu\u0159e vlastn\u00ed, rozvinut\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy. Ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee asurov\u00e9 zdaleka nejsou v\u017edy poj\u00edm\u00e1ni jako zavr\u017eenci, ale \u010dasto vystupuj\u00ed jako postavy vysok\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed.<\/p><p>Nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem je Prahl\u00e1da. Je synem asursk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le Hiranjaka\u0161ipua, z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak dokonal\u00fdm ctitelem Vi\u0161nua. Jeho otec ho proto pron\u00e1sleduje krut\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky, av\u0161ak Prahl\u00e1da je d\u00edky sv\u00e9 oddanosti opakovan\u011b zachr\u00e1n\u011bn.<\/p><p>Vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed vrchol\u00ed zjeven\u00edm Vi\u0161nua v podob\u011b mu\u017ee-lva <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145566\">Narasinhy<\/a>, kter\u00fd Hiranjaka\u0161ipua zab\u00edj\u00ed. Prahl\u00e1da samotn\u00fd je v tradici pova\u017eov\u00e1n za vzorn\u00e9ho zbo\u017en\u00e9ho, za asuru, kter\u00fd mravn\u011b p\u0159evy\u0161uje bohy.<\/p><p>Bali, vnuk Prahl\u00e1dy, je dal\u0161\u00edm velkodu\u0161n\u00fdm asursk\u00fdm kr\u00e1lem. Zbo\u017en\u00fdmi skutky z\u00edskal vl\u00e1du nad t\u0159emi sv\u011bty. Vi\u0161nu se zjevuje jako trpasli\u010d\u00ed br\u00e1hman V\u00e1mana a \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 tolik zem\u011b, kolik zm\u011b\u0159\u00ed t\u0159emi kroky.<\/p><p>Bali mu to poskytne, p\u0159esto\u017ee je varov\u00e1n, a Vi\u0161nu proch\u00e1z\u00ed dv\u011bma kroky nebem a zem\u00ed. Pro svou pravdomluvnost v\u0161ak Bali nen\u00ed zni\u010den, n\u00fdbr\u017e z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 vl\u00e1du nad podsv\u011bt\u00edm a p\u0159\u00edslib budouc\u00edho pov\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed. V Keralaje jeho ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1vrat slaven p\u0159i sv\u00e1tku Onam.<\/p><p>Jin\u00ed asurov\u00e9 jako Mahi\u0161\u00e1sura, buvol\u00ed d\u00e9mon zabit\u00fd bohyn\u00ed Durgou, nebo Vritra, kter\u00e9ho v <em>Rigv\u00e9d\u011b<\/em> p\u0159em\u00e1h\u00e1 Indra, naopak zastupuj\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1telskou stranu. Tato \u0161\u00ed\u0159e, od svat\u00e9ho Prahl\u00e1dy a\u017e po chaotick\u00e9ho Vritru, ukazuje, \u017ee t\u0159\u00edda asur\u016f netvo\u0159\u00ed jednotn\u00fd mravn\u00ed typ.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Doporu\u010den\u00e9 vnit\u0159n\u00ed odkazy:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145168\">Hinduismus<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145171\">Rak\u0161asa<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145173\">V\u00e9t\u00e1la<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145174\">Pi\u0161\u00e1\u010da<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145175\">Jak\u0161\u00edn\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145169\">Buddhismus<\/a> (asura-gati)<\/li><li>Zoroastrovsk\u00e1 paralela<\/li><li>Samudra-manthan-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prameny a literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>V\u00fdb\u011br z\u00e1sadn\u00edch prac\u00ed o Asurech:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Hale, Wash Edward: <em>Asura in Early Vedic Religion<\/em>. Delhi 1986.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Doniger, Wendy: <em>The Origins of Evil in Hindu Mythology<\/em>. Berkeley 1976.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>O&#8217;Flaherty, Wendy: <em>Hindu Myths<\/em>. Harmondsworth 1975.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Gonda, Jan: <em>Vedic Literature<\/em>. Wiesbaden 1975.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dal\u0161\u00ed standardn\u00ed d\u00edla v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145257\">seznamu literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb26dd e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"dcb26dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-547a837 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"547a837\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>\u010cast\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky k Asur\u016fm<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Co jsou Asurov\u00e9 v hinduistick\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span>?<\/h3><p>Asurov\u00e9 jsou v hinduistick\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span> t\u0159\u00eddou mocn\u00fdch nadp\u0159irozen\u00fdch bytost\u00ed, kosmick\u00fdch protivn\u00edk\u016f Dev\u016f (boh\u016f). V Rigv\u00e9d\u011b je jejich postaven\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b ambivalentn\u00ed (Mitra a Varuna jsou tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdv\u00e1ni Asury), v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch textech jsou st\u00e1le v\u00edce zobrazov\u00e1ni jako d\u00e9mon\u0161t\u00ed.<\/p><p>Mezi zn\u00e1m\u00e9 Asury pat\u0159\u00ed Mahi\u0161\u00e1sura (buvol\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no \u0161kodliv\u00e9 nebo rozporn\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mon<\/span>, pora\u017een\u00fd Durgou), Hiranjaka\u0161ipu (pora\u017een\u00fd Narasinhou) a R\u00e1vana (pora\u017een\u00fd R\u00e1mou). Reprezentuj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b zlo ne\u017e nezkrocenou moc.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi Asury v hinduismu a buddhismu?<\/h3><p>V hinduismu jsou Asurov\u00e9 jasn\u011b vymezeni jako protivn\u00edci Dev\u016f, v\u011bt\u0161inou negativn\u011b. V buddhismu tvo\u0159\u00ed Asurov\u00e9 jednu ze \u0161esti oblast\u00ed existence (do nich\u017e je mo\u017en\u00e9 se znovu narodit): stoj\u00ed mezi bohy a lidmi, ale jsou charakterizov\u00e1ni z\u00e1vist\u00ed, p\u00fdchou a bojovnost\u00ed.<\/p><p>Buddha u\u010dil, \u017ee i existence v podob\u011b Asury je pln\u00e1 utrpen\u00ed, nebo\u0165 v\u011b\u010dn\u00fd boj o postaven\u00ed znesvobod\u0148uje. V tibetsk\u00e9m buddhismu jsou Asurov\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1ni na Bhava\u010dak\u0159e (kole \u017eivota).<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Co jsou Asurov\u00e9 v hinduistick\u00e9 mytologii?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Asurov\u00e9 jsou v hinduistick\u00e9 mytologii t\u0159\u00eddou mocn\u00fdch nadp\u0159irozen\u00fdch bytost\u00ed, kosmick\u00fdch protivn\u00edk\u016f Dev\u016f (boh\u016f). V Rigv\u00e9d\u011b je jejich postaven\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b ambivalentn\u00ed (Mitra a Varuna jsou tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdv\u00e1ni Asury), v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch textech jsou st\u00e1le v\u00edce zobrazov\u00e1ni jako d\u00e9mon\u0161t\u00ed.Mezi zn\u00e1m\u00e9 Asury pat\u0159\u00ed Mahi\u0161\u00e1sura (buvol\u00ed d\u00e9mon, pora\u017een\u00fd Durgou), Hiranjaka\u0161ipu (pora\u017een\u00fd Narasinhou) a R\u00e1vana (pora\u017een\u00fd R\u00e1mou). Reprezentuj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b zlo ne\u017e nezkrocenou moc.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi Asury v hinduismu a buddhismu?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"V hinduismu jsou Asurov\u00e9 jasn\u011b vymezeni jako protivn\u00edci Dev\u016f, v\u011bt\u0161inou negativn\u011b. V buddhismu tvo\u0159\u00ed Asurov\u00e9 jednu ze \u0161esti oblast\u00ed existence (do nich\u017e je mo\u017en\u00e9 se znovu narodit): stoj\u00ed mezi bohy a lidmi, ale jsou charakterizov\u00e1ni z\u00e1vist\u00ed, p\u00fdchou a bojovnost\u00ed.Buddha u\u010dil, \u017ee i existence v podob\u011b Asury je pln\u00e1 utrpen\u00ed, nebo\u0165 v\u011b\u010dn\u00fd boj o postaven\u00ed znesvobod\u0148uje. 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