{"id":145170,"date":"2026-09-03T16:27:43","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:27:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145170"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:48:43","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:48:43","slug":"cina","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/cina\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010c\u00edna"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145170\" class=\"elementor elementor-145170 elementor-1201\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-hero-rebuilt-china iwg-kultur-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"k-hero-rebuilt-china\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-khleft-china iwg-kultur-hero-left e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"khleft-china\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-h1-china elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"k-h1-china\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u010c\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed bohov\u00e9, Nefritov\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159, draci a lidov\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd panteon<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-hero-lead-china e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aj11-hero-lead-china\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-lead-china elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"k-lead-china\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Bytosti z \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 tradice<\/strong> na iWell Guard. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, daoistick\u00e9 a konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00e9 tradice. Bohat\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f dan\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tradice nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteon<\/span> s nebeskou byrokraci\u00ed, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u0159el\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f rodiny jako trvale p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edch ochrann\u00fdch sil.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultem p\u0159edk\u016f<\/span> a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi duchy.<\/p>\n<p class=\"iwg-kwfix\">Lidov\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed \u010c\u00edny spojuje daoistick\u00e9, buddhistick\u00e9 a m\u00edstn\u00ed tradice do slo\u017eit\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f dan\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tradice nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonu<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-hero-toc-china e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aj11-hero-toc-china\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-toc-china elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"k-toc-china\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Obsah t\u00e9to str\u00e1nky:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><a href=\"#k-china-h1\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#x-china-h100\">Historie a panteon<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#x-china-h101\">Bytosti v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#x-china-h102\">Dne\u0161n\u00ed v\u00fdznam<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#k-china-h2\">Bohov\u00e9 (9)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#k-china-h3\">Duchov\u00e9 (6)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#e115d4c\">Podrobn\u011bji<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-khrght-china iwg-kultur-hero-right e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"khrght-china\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-img-china iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"k-img-china\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_e-gui-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147548\" alt=\"E Gui, duchov\u00e9 z \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 tradice, historicky ilustrativn\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_e-gui-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_e-gui-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_e-gui-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_e-gui.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-clstrsec-aj12-china e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"clstrsec-aj12-china\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-clstrh2-aj12-china elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"clstrh2-aj12-china\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Daoismus, lidov\u00ed bohov\u00e9 a m\u00fdtus o draku<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj12-cluster-text-china e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aj12-cluster-text-china\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj12-cluster-text-china-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aj12-cluster-text-china-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 tradice je <strong>institucion\u00e1ln\u011b v\u00edcevrstvou konstrukc\u00ed<\/strong>: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 a filozofick\u00e1 tradice orientovan\u00e1 na Tao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">daoismus<\/span>, buddhismus, konfucianismus a v\u0161e prostupuj\u00edc\u00ed lidov\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 dom\u00e1cnost mohla tradi\u010dn\u011b pat\u0159it ke v\u0161em \u010dty\u0159em najednou: konfucianismus pro rodinnou etiku, buddhismus pro smrt a znovuzrozen\u00ed, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 a filozofick\u00e1 tradice orientovan\u00e1 na Tao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">daoismus<\/span> pro l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed a ochranu, lidov\u00ed bohov\u00e9 pro ka\u017edodenn\u00ed pot\u0159eby.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f dan\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tradice nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteon<\/span> je hierarchick\u00fd jako nebesk\u00fd \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed syst\u00e9m<\/strong>. Nefritov\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 tr\u016fn\u00ed nad byrokraci\u00ed tvo\u0159enou bohy m\u011bst, bohy zem\u011b, bohy dve\u0159\u00ed a bohy kuchyn\u011b. Smrteln\u00edci mohou b\u00fdt po smrti kanonizov\u00e1ni a st\u00e1t se bohy, nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edklady jsou historick\u00e9 postavy jako Guandi (gener\u00e1l Guan Yu) nebo Mazu (ochrann\u00e1 bohyn\u011b n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f).<\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b toho zn\u00e1 \u010c\u00edna bohat\u00fd sv\u011bt duch\u016f a d\u00e9mon\u016f: Gui jsou nespokojen\u00e9 du\u0161e, E Gui hladov\u00ed duchov\u00e9, Yaoguai zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed duchov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed mohou p\u0159ij\u00edmat lidskou podobu. Drak je, na rozd\u00edl od z\u00e1padn\u00edho st\u0159edov\u011bku, kladn\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolem<\/span> vody, plodnosti a c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 moci.<\/p><p>\u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd slovn\u00edk zn\u00e1 jemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odstup\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchem<\/span>, bohem a bytost\u00ed, ne\u017e jak\u00e9 lze p\u0159en\u00e9st na evropsk\u00e9 pojmy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-china-s1 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"k-china-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-china-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"k-china-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-0003 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-0003\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-china-t1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"k-china-t1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u010casov\u00fd \u00fasek:<\/strong> od dynastie \u0160ang (1600 p\u0159. n. l.) po sou\u010dasnost, s daoistick\u00fdmi, konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi a buddhistick\u00fdmi vrstvami.<\/p><p>Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed: lidov\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed v cel\u00e9 \u010c\u00edn\u011b, s region\u00e1ln\u00edmi variantami a diasporou z\u00e1mo\u0159sk\u00fdch \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u016f.<\/p><p>Zdroje: Shujing, Shijing, Liezi, Zhuangzi, Daodejing, texty o Diyu, sb\u00edrky lidov\u00fdch poh\u00e1dek.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f dan\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tradice nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteon<\/span> a t\u0159\u00eddy bytost\u00ed: nebesk\u00e1 byrokracie pod Nefritov\u00fdm c\u00edsa\u0159em, bohov\u00e9 m\u011bst, p\u0159edkov\u00e9, kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 podsv\u011bt\u00ed Diyu, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed duchov\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-china-s100 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"x-china-s100\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-china-h100 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"x-china-h100\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">D\u011bjiny a panteon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-0004 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-0004\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-china-t100 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x-china-t100\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed pro\u0161lo n\u011bkolika vrstvami a synt\u00e9zami. P\u016fvodn\u011b existoval <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u0159el\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f rodiny jako trvale p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edch ochrann\u00fdch sil.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult p\u0159edk\u016f<\/span> a p\u0159ed\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrody a d\u00e9mon\u016f. S historick\u00fdm obdob\u00edm se ust\u00e1lilo uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Tianhuanga (nebesk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e) a m\u00edstn\u00edch bo\u017estev. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 a filozofick\u00e1 tradice orientovan\u00e1 na Tao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">Daoismus<\/span> pozd\u011bji formalizoval kosmologick\u00e9 principy a \u0161amansk\u00e9 praktiky.<\/p><p>Buddhismus p\u0159i\u0161el v 1. stolet\u00ed a splynul s m\u00edstn\u00edmi tradicemi, zejm\u00e9na v p\u0159edstav\u011b o oblastech podsv\u011bt\u00ed (Diyu). Konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00e1 etika se p\u0159ekryla s liturgickou prax\u00ed. Lidov\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed zahrnulo v\u0161echny vrstvy: bohy, p\u0159edky, dom\u00e1c\u00ed bohy (Tu Di Gong), d\u00e9mony a duchy.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f dan\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tradice nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteon<\/span> nen\u00ed hierarchick\u00fd, ale je uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n funk\u010dn\u011b podle oblast\u00ed p\u016fsobnosti (voda, \u00faroda, \u0159emesla, ochrana). Synkretismy prov\u00e1zej\u00ed tuto tradici a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti; jedna rodina m\u016f\u017ee z\u00e1rove\u0148 n\u00e1sledovat <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 a filozofick\u00e1 tradice orientovan\u00e1 na Tao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">daoismus<\/span>, buddhismus i konfucianismus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-china-s101 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"x-china-s101\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-china-h101 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"x-china-h101\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bytosti v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-0005 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-0005\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-china-t101 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x-china-t101\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dom\u00e1c\u00ed kult je v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 praxi z\u00e1sadn\u00ed: dom\u00e1c\u00ed b\u016fh (Tu Di Gong) a dal\u0161\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed bohov\u00e9 dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed denn\u011b drobn\u00e9 a t\u00fddn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00edky, prosbu nebo uct\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011bti<\/span>. Ochrann\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly proti zl\u00fdm duch\u016fm jsou b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, k obran\u011b slou\u017e\u00ed \u010derven\u00e9 \u0161\u0148\u016fry, dve\u0159n\u00ed amulety a oh\u0148ostroje.<\/p><p>Sv\u00e1tky a ritu\u00e1ly p\u0159i p\u0159elomu roku (lun\u00e1rn\u00ed Nov\u00fd rok, noc duch\u016f) se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed rodiny a uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edk\u016f. Kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed a daoist\u00e9 nab\u00edzej\u00ed specializovan\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly pro l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed vyhn\u00e1n\u00ed ducha nebo d\u00e9mona pova\u017eovan\u00e9ho za \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho.\" tabindex=\"0\">exorcismus<\/span> a duchovn\u00ed o\u010distu.<\/p><p>V\u00fdklad znamen\u00ed a feng-\u0161uej jsou roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 ka\u017edodenn\u00ed praktiky. Medialita a posedlost duchem jsou uzn\u00e1van\u00fdmi jevy, se kter\u00fdmi se zach\u00e1z\u00ed pomoc\u00ed ritu\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-china-s102 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"x-china-s102\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-china-h102 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"x-china-h102\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dne\u0161n\u00ed v\u00fdznam<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-0006 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-0006\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-china-t102 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x-china-t102\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tradi\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 v rodin\u00e1ch, chr\u00e1mech a region\u00e1ln\u00edch zvyc\u00edch, zejm\u00e9na na Tchaj-wanu, v Hongkongu a v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 diaspo\u0159e. Na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 pevnin\u011b bylo za komunismu potla\u010dov\u00e1no, ale od 90. let 20. stolet\u00ed za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 kulturn\u00ed obrozen\u00ed.<\/p><p>Akademicky je \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed zkoum\u00e1no jako model n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 pluralitiy. Esoterick\u00e9 z\u00e1padn\u00ed kruhy romantizovaly a zjednodu\u0161ily <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-filosofick\u00e1 tradice orientovan\u00e1 na Dao, Cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoismus<\/span> a feng-\u0161uej, a popkultura vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 duchy a demonick\u00e9 motivy (jiangshi, postavy z klasick\u00e9 literatury) pro horory a fantasy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-china-s2 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"k-china-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-china-h2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"k-china-h2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bohov\u00e9 (15)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-0007 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-0007\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-china-t2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"k-china-t2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-wesen-grid\"><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/chang-e\/\" aria-label=\"Chang-e\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_chang-e-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Chang-e\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Chang-e<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/guan-yu\/\" aria-label=\"Guan Yu\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_guan-yu-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Guan Yu\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Guan Yu<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/nefritovy-cisar\/\" aria-label=\"Nefritov\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_jade-kaiser-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Nefritov\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Nefritov\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/mazu\/\" aria-label=\"Mazu\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_mazu-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Mazu\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Mazu<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/nuwa\/\" aria-label=\"Nuwa\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_nuwa-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Nuwa\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Nuwa<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/yanluo\/\" aria-label=\"Yanluo\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_yanluo-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Yanluo\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Yanluo<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/zhong-kui\/\" aria-label=\"Zhong Kui\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_zhong-kui-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Zhong Kui\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Zhong Kui<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/kuchynsky-buh-zao-jun-domaci-bozstvo-krbu\/\" aria-label=\"Kuchy\u0148sk\u00fd b\u016fh Zao Jun \u2013 dom\u00e1c\u00ed bo\u017estvo krbu v \u010c\u00edn\u011b\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_china_kuechengott-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Kuchy\u0148sk\u00fd b\u016fh Zao Jun \u2013 dom\u00e1c\u00ed bo\u017estvo krbu v \u010c\u00edn\u011b\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Kuchy\u0148sk\u00fd b\u016fh Zao Jun \u2013 dom\u00e1c\u00ed bo\u017estvo krbu v \u010c\u00edn\u011b<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/sun-wukong-opici-kral\/\" aria-label=\"Sun Wukong \u2013 Opi\u010d\u00ed kr\u00e1l z Cesty na z\u00e1pad\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_china_sun-wukong-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Sun Wukong \u2013 Opi\u010d\u00ed kr\u00e1l z Cesty na z\u00e1pad\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Sun Wukong \u2013 Opi\u010d\u00ed kr\u00e1l z Cesty na z\u00e1pad<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/nefritovy-cisar\/\" aria-label=\"Nefritov\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_jade-kaiser-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Nefritov\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Nefritov\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/guan-yin\/\" aria-label=\"Guan Yin\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_china_guan-yin-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Guan Yin\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Guan Yin<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/nuwa\/\" aria-label=\"Nuwa\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_nuwa-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Nuwa\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Nuwa<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/xi-wangmu\/\" aria-label=\"Xi Wangmu\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_china_xi-wangmu-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Xi Wangmu\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Xi Wangmu<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/fuxi\/\" aria-label=\"Fuxi\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_china_fuxi-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Fuxi\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Fuxi<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/caishen\/\" aria-label=\"Caishen\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_china_caishen-1-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Caishen\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Caishen<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-china-s3 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"k-china-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-china-h3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"k-china-h3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Duchov\u00e9 (6)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-0008 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-0008\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-china-t3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"k-china-t3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-wesen-grid\"><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/e-gui\/\" aria-label=\"E Gui\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_e-gui-200x300.webp\" alt=\"E Gui\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">E Gui<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/gui\/\" aria-label=\"Gui\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_gui-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Gui\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Gui<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/jiangshi\/\" aria-label=\"Jiangshi\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_jiangshi-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Jiangshi\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Jiangshi<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/yaoguai\/\" aria-label=\"Yaoguai\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_yaoguai-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Yaoguai\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Yaoguai<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/huli-jing\/\" aria-label=\"Huli Jing\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_huli-jing-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Huli Jing\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Huli Jing<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/hei-bai-wuchang-poslove-smrti\/\" aria-label=\"Hei Bai Wuchang \u2013 Poslov\u00e9 smrti \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho podsv\u011bt\u00ed\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_china_heibai-wuchang-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Hei Bai Wuchang \u2013 Poslov\u00e9 smrti \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho podsv\u011bt\u00ed\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Hei Bai Wuchang \u2013 Poslov\u00e9 smrti \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho podsv\u011bt\u00ed<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-china-s-faq e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"x-china-s-faq\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-china-h-faq elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"x-china-h-faq\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch boz\u00edch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-0006 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-0006\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-china-t-faq elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x-china-t-faq\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Kolik boh\u016f m\u00e1 \u010c\u00edna?<\/h3>\n<p>\u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn v\u0161ech boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteon<\/span> je enormn\u00ed; odhady se pohybuj\u00ed od 200 hlavn\u00edch boh\u016f a\u017e po stovky milion\u016f m\u00edstn\u00edch <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9m n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed bo\u017esk\u00e1 s\u00edla na ur\u010dit\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b nebo p\u0159edm\u011btu.\" tabindex=\"0\">numin<\/span> a duch\u016f. V <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenskofilozofick\u00e1 tradice orientovan\u00e1 na Tao, tedy cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoismu<\/span> stoj\u00ed na vrcholu T\u0159i \u010dist\u00ed (San Qing) a Nefritov\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159.<\/p><p>K nim se p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed lidov\u00ed bohov\u00e9 jako Cchaj-\u0161en (bohatstv\u00ed), Kuan J\u00fc (v\u011brnost, zbo\u017e\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd gener\u00e1l), Mazu (mo\u0159e) a Tu-ti (vesnick\u00e9 bo\u017estvo). Do <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn v\u0161ech boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonu<\/span> jsou zahrnuti i buddhisti\u010dt\u00ed b\u00f3dhisattvov\u00e9 jako Kuan Jin a Mile (Maitr\u00e9ja).<\/p>\n<h3>Kdo je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd b\u016fh?<\/h3>\n<p>V <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenskofilozofick\u00e1 tradice orientovan\u00e1 na Tao, tedy cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoismu<\/span> je J\u00fc Huang \u0160ang-ti (Nefritov\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159) vl\u00e1dcem v\u0161ech boh\u016f, duch\u016f a lid\u00ed; vl\u00e1dne nebesk\u00e9mu dvoru z poho\u0159\u00ed Kchun-lun.<\/p><p>Nad n\u00edm stoj\u00ed t\u0159i nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed taoistick\u00e1 bo\u017estva, San Qing (T\u0159i \u010dist\u00ed): J\u00fcan-\u0161&#8216; Tchien-cun, Ling-pao Tchien-cun a Tao-te Tchien-cun. Ve st\u00e1tn\u00edm konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00e9m kultu byl Tchien (Nebe) abstraktn\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc\u00ed bez lidsk\u00e9 podoby.<\/p>\n<h3>Kdo jsou Osm nesmrteln\u00fdch?<\/h3>\n<p>Osm nesmrteln\u00fdch (Ba Xian) je osm taoistick\u00fdch svat\u00fdch, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd zosob\u0148uje ur\u010dit\u00fd aspekt: L\u00fc Tung-pin (me\u010d, u\u010denec), Han Siang-c&#8216; (fl\u00e9tna, ml\u00e1d\u00ed), Cchao Kuo-\u0165iou (\u0161lechta), Tchie-kuaj Li (berla, chudoba), Lan Cchaj-che (ko\u0161, um\u011blec), He Siang-ku (lotos, \u017eena), \u010cung-li \u010cch\u00fcan (v\u011btrn\u00edk, zralost) a \u010cang Kuo-lao (buben, star\u00fd mu\u017e).<\/p><p>Cestuj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed nesmrtelnost. Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd motiv v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivem<\/span> je \u201eOsm nesmrteln\u00fdch p\u0159ekra\u010duje mo\u0159e\u201c.<\/p>\n<h3>Kdo jsou T\u0159i \u010dist\u00ed?<\/h3>\n<p>T\u0159i \u010dist\u00ed (San Qing) jsou nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bohov\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenskofilozofick\u00e1 tradice orientovan\u00e1 na Tao, tedy cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoismu<\/span>: J\u00fcan-\u0161&#8216; Tchien-cun (Prvotn\u00ed \u010dist\u00fd, samo Tao), Ling-pao Tchien-cun (\u010cist\u00fd numin\u00f3zn\u00ed energie) a Tao-te Tchien-cun (\u010cist\u00fd Tao a ctnosti, manifestace, n\u011bkdy identifikovan\u00fd s Lao-cem).<\/p><p>P\u0159eb\u00fdvaj\u00ed ve t\u0159ech nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch nebes\u00edch a jsou zdrojem ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho stvo\u0159en\u00ed. V praxi jsou uct\u00edv\u00e1ni m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e J\u00fc Huang, nebo\u0165 jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vzne\u0161en\u00e9 a abstraktn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Co jsou \u010d\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed draci?<\/h3>\n<p>\u010c\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed draci (Long) se zcela li\u0161\u00ed od evropsk\u00fdch ohniv\u00fdch drak\u016f: jsou to laskav\u00e1 bytosti, str\u00e1\u017eci vody, de\u0161t\u011b a r\u016fstu. Maj\u00ed had\u00ed t\u011blo, \u010dty\u0159i nohy s dr\u00e1py, jelen\u00ed hlavu a leskl\u00e9 \u0161upiny.<\/p><p>Existuj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i draci kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 (Long Wang) pro \u010dty\u0159i mo\u0159e; c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fd drak s p\u011bti dr\u00e1py byl v\u00fdhradn\u011b c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou my\u0161lenku nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolem<\/span>. Spolu s f\u00e9nixem, kirinem a \u017eelvou tvo\u0159\u00ed drak \u010cty\u0159i bo\u017esk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata (Si Ling).<\/p>\n<h3>\u010c\u00edm se li\u0161\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenskofilozofick\u00e1 tradice orientovan\u00e1 na Tao, tedy cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoismus<\/span>, konfucianismus a buddhismus v \u010c\u00edn\u011b?<\/h3>\n<p>T\u0159i u\u010den\u00ed (San Jiao) spole\u010dn\u011b utv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenskofilozofick\u00e1 tradice orientovan\u00e1 na Tao, tedy cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">Taoismus<\/span> zd\u016fraz\u0148uje harmonii s p\u0159\u00edrodou, nesmrtelnost, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, kter\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmi \u00fakony nebo formulemi zas\u00e1hnout do chodu v\u011bc\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">magii<\/span> a bohat\u00fd panteon boh\u016f. Konfucianismus je sp\u00ed\u0161e etickou filozofi\u00ed se zd\u016frazn\u011bn\u00edm synovsk\u00e9 oddanosti, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u0159el\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f rodiny jako d\u00e1le p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edch ochrann\u00fdch sil.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu p\u0159edk\u016f<\/span> a spole\u010densk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du, s minim\u00e1ln\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn v\u0161ech boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonem<\/span>. Buddhismus p\u0159inesl koncept karmy, nirv\u00e1nu a b\u00f3dhisattvy.<\/p><p>V praxi mnoho \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1 v\u0161echny t\u0159i tradice sou\u010dasn\u011b, jde o zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed formu n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tolerance.<\/p>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Kolik boh\u016f m\u00e1 \u010c\u00edna?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd panteon je enormn\u00ed; odhady se pohybuj\u00ed od 200 hlavn\u00edch boh\u016f a\u017e po stovky milion\u016f m\u00edstn\u00edch numin a duch\u016f. V taoismu stoj\u00ed na vrcholu T\u0159i \u010dist\u00ed (San Qing) a Nefritov\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159. K nim se p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed lidov\u00ed bohov\u00e9 jako Cchaj-\u0161en (bohatstv\u00ed), Kuan J\u00fc (v\u011brnost, zbo\u017e\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd gener\u00e1l), Mazu (mo\u0159e) a Tu-ti (vesnick\u00e9 bo\u017estvo). Do panteonu jsou zahrnuti i buddhisti\u010dt\u00ed b\u00f3dhisattvov\u00e9 jako Kuan Jin a Mile (Maitr\u00e9ja).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Kdo je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd b\u016fh?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"V taoismu je J\u00fc Huang \u0160ang-ti (Nefritov\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159) vl\u00e1dcem v\u0161ech boh\u016f, duch\u016f a lid\u00ed; vl\u00e1dne nebesk\u00e9mu dvoru z poho\u0159\u00ed Kchun-lun. Nad n\u00edm stoj\u00ed t\u0159i nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed taoistick\u00e1 bo\u017estva, San Qing (T\u0159i \u010dist\u00ed): J\u00fcan-\u0161' Tchien-cun, Ling-pao Tchien-cun a Tao-te Tchien-cun. Ve st\u00e1tn\u00edm konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00e9m kultu byl Tchien (Nebe) abstraktn\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc\u00ed bez lidsk\u00e9 podoby.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Kdo jsou Osm nesmrteln\u00fdch?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Osm nesmrteln\u00fdch (Ba Xian) je osm taoistick\u00fdch svat\u00fdch, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd zosob\u0148uje ur\u010dit\u00fd aspekt: L\u00fc Tung-pin (me\u010d, u\u010denec), Han Siang-c' (fl\u00e9tna, ml\u00e1d\u00ed), Cchao Kuo-\u0165iou (\u0161lechta), Tchie-kuaj Li (berla, chudoba), Lan Cchaj-che (ko\u0161, um\u011blec), He Siang-ku (lotos, \u017eena), \u010cung-li \u010cch\u00fcan (v\u011btrn\u00edk, zralost) a \u010cang Kuo-lao (buben, star\u00fd mu\u017e). Cestuj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed nesmrtelnost. Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm motivem je \u201eOsm nesmrteln\u00fdch p\u0159ekra\u010duje mo\u0159e\\\".\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Kdo jsou T\u0159i \u010dist\u00ed?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"T\u0159i \u010dist\u00ed (San Qing) jsou nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bohov\u00e9 taoismu: J\u00fcan-\u0161' Tchien-cun (Prvotn\u00ed \u010dist\u00fd, samo Tao), Ling-pao Tchien-cun (\u010cist\u00fd numin\u00f3zn\u00ed energie) a Tao-te Tchien-cun (\u010cist\u00fd Tao a ctnosti, manifestace, n\u011bkdy identifikovan\u00fd s Lao-cem). P\u0159eb\u00fdvaj\u00ed ve t\u0159ech nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch nebes\u00edch a jsou zdrojem ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho stvo\u0159en\u00ed. V praxi jsou uct\u00edv\u00e1ni m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e J\u00fc Huang, nebo\u0165 jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vzne\u0161en\u00e9 a abstraktn\u00ed.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Co jsou \u010d\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed draci?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"\u010c\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed draci (Long) se zcela li\u0161\u00ed od evropsk\u00fdch ohniv\u00fdch drak\u016f: jsou to laskav\u00e1 bytosti, str\u00e1\u017eci vody, de\u0161t\u011b a r\u016fstu. Maj\u00ed had\u00ed t\u011blo, \u010dty\u0159i nohy s dr\u00e1py, jelen\u00ed hlavu a leskl\u00e9 \u0161upiny. Existuj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i draci kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 (Long Wang) pro \u010dty\u0159i mo\u0159e; c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fd drak s p\u011bti dr\u00e1py byl v\u00fdhradn\u011b c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdm symbolem. Spolu s f\u00e9nixem, kirinem a \u017eelvou tvo\u0159\u00ed drak \u010cty\u0159i bo\u017esk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata (Si Ling).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"\u010c\u00edm se li\u0161\u00ed taoismus, konfucianismus a buddhismus v \u010c\u00edn\u011b?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"T\u0159i u\u010den\u00ed (San Jiao) spole\u010dn\u011b utv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed: Taoismus zd\u016fraz\u0148uje harmonii s p\u0159\u00edrodou, nesmrtelnost, magii a bohat\u00fd panteon boh\u016f. Konfucianismus je sp\u00ed\u0161e etickou filozofi\u00ed se zd\u016frazn\u011bn\u00edm synovsk\u00e9 oddanosti, kultu p\u0159edk\u016f a spole\u010densk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du, s minim\u00e1ln\u00edm panteonem. Buddhismus p\u0159inesl koncept karmy, nirv\u00e1nu a b\u00f3dhisattvy. V praxi mnoho \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1 v\u0161echny t\u0159i tradice sou\u010dasn\u011b, jde o zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed formu n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tolerance.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cf4de9 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0cf4de9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e115d4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e115d4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Podrobn\u011bji<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e6845 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f1e6845\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u0159i u\u010den\u00ed<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-0009 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-0009\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2935b86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2935b86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed je tradi\u010dn\u011b ch\u00e1p\u00e1no jako propleten\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed (san jiao): konfucianismu, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenskofilozofick\u00e1 tradice, kter\u00e1 se orientuje na Dao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoismu<\/span> a buddhismu. Tyto sm\u011bry se od 1. tis\u00edcilet\u00ed n. l. prol\u00ednaj\u00ed a vz\u00e1jemn\u011b ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed, vedle nich existuje bohat\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 v\u00edra.<\/p><p>\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 religiozita nen\u00ed organizov\u00e1na v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u011b: \u010dlov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee bez rozporu praktikovat konfuci\u00e1nskou rodinnou etiku, taoistickou geomancii a buddhistickou recitaci <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduismu a buddhismu stru\u010dn\u011b formulovan\u00fd pou\u010dn\u00fd text.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatry<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39c47ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"39c47ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Taoismus a kosmologie jin-jang<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bw-d5fb8af-f9b7e14 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bw-d5fb8af-f9b7e14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5fb8af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d5fb8af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenskofilozofick\u00e1 tradice, kter\u00e1 se orientuje na Dao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">Taoismus<\/span>, zalo\u017een\u00fd na d\u00edlech <em>Daodejing<\/em> a <em>Zhuangzi<\/em>, m\u00e1 dva hlavn\u00ed proudy: filozofick\u00fd a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenskofilozofick\u00e1 tradice, kter\u00e1 se orientuje na Dao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoismus<\/span>. Model jin-jang a p\u011bti prvk\u016f (Wu Xing) strukturuje skute\u010dnost. Nefritov\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 (Yuhuang Shangdi) stoj\u00ed na vrcholu nebesk\u00e9ho byrokratick\u00e9ho panteonu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acbfb0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"acbfb0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult p\u0159edk\u016f a lidov\u00ed bohov\u00e9<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bw-cd2b4be-c882121 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bw-cd2b4be-c882121\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd2b4be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cd2b4be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u0159el\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f rodiny jako trvale p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edch ochrann\u00fdch mocnost\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kult p\u0159edk\u016f<\/span> je n\u00e1bo\u017eensky \u00fast\u0159edn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jak\u00fdkoli <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteon<\/span>. O zem\u0159el\u00e9 \u010dleny rodiny je pe\u010dov\u00e1no prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ritu\u00e1l\u016f, vonn\u00fdch ty\u010dinek, ob\u011btin j\u00eddla a p\u00e1len\u00ed pap\u00edrov\u00fdch pen\u011bz. Lidov\u00ed bohov\u00e9 jsou \u010dasto historicky dolo\u017een\u00e9 osobnosti, kter\u00e9 byly po smrti zbo\u017e\u0161t\u011bny: Guan Yu, Mazu, Caishen. B\u016fh m\u011bsta (Cheng Huang) v ka\u017ed\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed jako nebesk\u00fd starosta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dae723d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dae723d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Obdob\u00ed Maa a sou\u010dasn\u00e1 praxe<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bw-75e0012-0bb3904 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bw-75e0012-0bb3904\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75e0012 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"75e0012\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p><span data-nosnippet>Kulturn\u00ed revoluce (1966-1976) zni\u010dila <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1my<\/span>, kl\u00e1\u0161tery a ritu\u00e1ly. Od 80. let 20. stolet\u00ed za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 praxe masivn\u00ed obrodu. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">Chr\u00e1my<\/span> jsou obnovov\u00e1ny, lidov\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly se konaj\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u011b. N\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed je z\u00e1rove\u0148 politicky regulov\u00e1no. Akademick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenskofilozofick\u00e1 tradice, kter\u00e1 se orientuje na Dao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoismu<\/span> ud\u011blal v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch enormn\u00ed pokrok.<\/span><\/p><h3>Stav v\u00fdzkumu<\/h3><p><span data-nosnippet>\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 v\u00edra a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenskofilozofick\u00e1 tradice, kter\u00e1 se orientuje na Dao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoismus<\/span> jsou religionisticky dob\u0159e zpracov\u00e1ny. Standardn\u00edmi d\u00edly jsou Marcel Granet (<em>La religion des Chinois<\/em>, 1922), Chad Hansen (<em>A Daoist Theory of Chinese Thought<\/em>, 1992) a Stephen Bokenkamp (<em>Early Daoist Scriptures<\/em>, 1997).<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Metodicky nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou je odd\u011blen\u00ed institucionalizovan\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenskofilozofick\u00e1 tradice, kter\u00e1 se orientuje na Dao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoismu<\/span>, konfucianismu a \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed lidov\u00e9 v\u00edry; p\u0159ehled k tomu pod\u00e1v\u00e1 Kristofer Schipper (<em>The Taoist Body<\/em>, 1993).<\/span><\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><p><strong>Standardn\u00ed literatura (srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm zp\u016fsobem a bez vyznava\u010dsk\u00e9 v\u00e1zanosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistika<\/span>):<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dal\u0161\u00ed standardn\u00ed d\u00edla naleznete v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145257\">seznamu literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcc-china-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcc-china-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-china\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcc-china-inner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcc-china-inner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcc-china-h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcc-china-h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty v t\u00e9to kulturn\u00ed tradici<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcc-china-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcc-china-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m kulturn\u00edm prostoru chr\u00e1n\u00ed nositele bagua zrcadla nade dve\u0159mi, fu talismany na od\u011bvu a v prostor\u00e1ch i nefritov\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty; dopl\u0148uje je praxe taoistick\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch svitk\u016f.<\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard se \u0159ad\u00ed do t\u00e9to kulturn\u011b-historick\u00e9 linie nositeln\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f v soudob\u00e9 materi\u00e1lov\u00e9 architektu\u0159e, vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fd v N\u011bmecku. 41 \u00farovn\u00ed, ryz\u00ed zlato, platina, st\u0159\u00edbro. 30denn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na vr\u00e1cen\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcc-china-b iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgcc-china-b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=kultur-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcc-china-b .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcc-china-b .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcc-china-b .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcc-china-b .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcc-china-b .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcc-china-d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcc-china-d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti se mohou li\u0161it. Nejedn\u00e1 se o zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek. Nen\u00ed slibem l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-china e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-china\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-china-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-china-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradi\u010dn\u00edch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span> nen\u00ed jednotn\u00fdm vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edm, n\u00fdbr\u017e postupn\u011b vznikl\u00fdm propleten\u00edm taoistick\u00fdch, konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00fdch, buddhistick\u00fdch a lidov\u011b n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch lini\u00ed.<\/p><p>Zahrnuje kosmogonie kolem Pangu a N\u00fcwy, \u0159adu T\u0159\u00ed vzne\u0161en\u00fdch a P\u011bti c\u00edsa\u0159\u016f, postavy nebesk\u00e9 byrokracie jako Nefritov\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e i region\u00e1ln\u00ed bytosti hor, \u0159ek a dom\u016f. Teprve tato souhra vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed to, co z\u00e1padn\u00ed badatel\u00e9 ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako \u010d\u00ednskou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradi\u010dn\u00edch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgssrev-china e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgssrev-china\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgssrev-china-h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgssrev-china-h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e9 symboly z \u010c\u00edny<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgssrev-china-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgssrev-china-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lexikon ochrann\u00fdch symbol\u016f se na vlastn\u00edch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch v\u011bnuje n\u011bkolika znak\u016fm a p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016fm z \u010c\u00edny: <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145674\">bagua zrcadlu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145724\">mincovn\u00edmu amuletu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145722\">mincovn\u00edmu me\u010di<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145726\">broskvov\u00e9mu d\u0159evu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145725\">pixiu<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145727\">boh\u016fm dve\u0159\u00ed<\/a>. Kulturn\u011b p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ehled nab\u00edz\u00ed str\u00e1nka o <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145429\">ochrann\u00fdch symbolech<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1679,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"\u010d\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed bohov\u00e9","_yoast_wpseo_title":"\u010c\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed bohov\u00e9 \u2013 Nefritov\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 a draci | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Bohov\u00e9 \u010c\u00edny: Nefritov\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 Yu Huang, Guan Yin, Mazu, Osm nesmrteln\u00fdch, Dra\u010d\u00ed kr\u00e1lov\u00e9. Daoistick\u00fd a lidov\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd panteon. M\u00fdtus a kult.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145170","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u010c\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed bohov\u00e9 \u2013 Nefritov\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 a draci | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bohov\u00e9 \u010c\u00edny: Nefritov\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 Yu Huang, Guan Yin, Mazu, Osm nesmrteln\u00fdch, Dra\u010d\u00ed kr\u00e1lov\u00e9. Daoistick\u00fd a lidov\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd panteon. 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