{"id":145157,"date":"2026-09-03T16:27:36","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:27:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145157"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:48:23","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:48:23","slug":"troll","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/troll\/","title":{"rendered":"Troll"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145157\" class=\"elementor elementor-145157 elementor-1031\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Troll, duch germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Troll je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 tradice.<\/p><p><strong>Obrovsk\u00e1 horsk\u00e1 bytost, mezi Eddin\u00fdm thursem a lidov\u00fdm poh\u00e1dkov\u00fdm obrem.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duch: Net\u011blesn\u00e1 nebo polovi\u010dn\u00ed bytost, zesnul\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed bytosti, dom\u00e1c\u00ed duchov\u00e9 nebo str\u00e1\u017eci prahu. P\u016fsob\u00ed v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b, \u010dasto v\u00e1z\u00e1n na m\u00edsta nebo rodiny.\">Duch<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145141\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd sv\u011bt boh\u016f a duch\u016f severn\u00ed a st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy.\">Germ\u00e1nsk\u00e1<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145229\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bytosti nap\u016fl zv\u00ed\u0159e, nap\u016fl \u010dlov\u011bk se schopnost\u00ed prom\u011bny, vlkodla\u010d\u00ed, li\u0161\u010d\u00ed, pta\u010d\u00ed nebo had\u00ed podoby.\">M\u011b\u0148avci<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_troll-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1570\" alt=\"Troll\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_troll-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_troll-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_troll-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_troll.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Troll<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Troll je jednou z nejvrstevnat\u011bj\u0161\u00edch postav seversk\u00e9 tradice. P\u016fvodn\u011b byl pojem velmi \u0161irok\u00fd (staronor\u0161tina <em>troll<\/em> m\u016f\u017ee obecn\u011b znamenat \u201ekouzeln\u00e1 bytost&#8220;), v lidov\u00fdch poh\u00e1dk\u00e1ch a literatu\u0159e se v\u0161ak zu\u017euje na obrovsk\u00e9ho obyvatele hor a les\u016f: hloup\u00e9ho nebo lstiv\u00e9ho, obvykle nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho, n\u011bkdy i komick\u00e9ho.<\/p><p>Ob\u00fdv\u00e1 jeskyn\u011b, hory, odlehl\u00e9 lesy, un\u00e1\u0161\u00ed lidi, krade nev\u011bsty, hl\u00edd\u00e1 poklad\u016f a na slune\u010dn\u00edm sv\u011btle se m\u011bn\u00ed v k\u00e1men.<\/p><p>Pozad\u00edm jsou J\u00f6tnar a Thursar z Eddy, myti\u010dt\u00ed ob\u0159i stoj\u00edc\u00ed proti boh\u016fm. Ve skandin\u00e1vsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 tradici se tito ob\u0159i spojuj\u00ed s region\u00e1ln\u00edmi horsk\u00fdmi a lesn\u00edmi duchy do troll ze lidov\u00fdch poh\u00e1dek, zaznamenan\u00e9ho v norsk\u00fdch sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch sag Asbj\u00f8rnsena a Moe, v islandsk\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 kultura se zvyky, vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edmi a p\u00edsn\u011bmi.\" tabindex=\"0\">folkloru<\/span>, v finsk\u00fdch poh\u00e1dk\u00e1ch. Modern\u00ed fantasy literatura (Tolkien, Rowling, Pratchett) proslavila obraz trolla po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p><div><p><strong>Troll\u00ed d\u011bti a hor\u0161t\u00ed trollov\u00e9 v Edd\u011b a sag\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/p><p>Snorri Sturluson popisuje v <em>Prosaick\u00e9 Edd\u011b<\/em> (kolem 1220), zejm\u00e9na v <em>Sk\u00e1ldskaparm\u00e1l<\/em> (jazyk skald\u016f), dv\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 kategorie troll\u016f. Jedni jsou zobrazov\u00e1ni jako obyvatel\u00e9 hor, velc\u00ed, mocn\u00ed a hloup\u00ed, nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 lid\u00ed i boh\u016f. Druz\u00ed, men\u0161\u00ed a hbit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, se objevuj\u00ed v kontextu kouzel a prom\u011bn.<\/p><p>Toto rozli\u0161en\u00ed pozd\u011bji umo\u017enilo za\u0159adit r\u016fzn\u00e1 spat\u0159en\u00ed a pod\u00e1n\u00ed troll\u016f do r\u016fzn\u00fdch kategori\u00ed. Sk\u00e1ldskaparm\u00e1l pojedn\u00e1v\u00e1 o trollech tak\u00e9 jako o poetick\u00e9 metafo\u0159e, co\u017e nazna\u010duje u\u010den\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, nikoli pouze \u010distou lidovou tradici.<\/p><p>V islandsk\u00fdch sag\u00e1ch (Heimskringla, Egilova saga, Grettisova saga) se trollov\u00e9 objevuj\u00ed jako chaotick\u00e1 s\u00edla, kter\u00e1 se st\u0159et\u00e1v\u00e1 s lidmi a bohy, jen z\u0159\u00eddka v\u0161ak nese hlavn\u00ed d\u011bj. Jejich p\u0159\u00edtomnost p\u016fsob\u00ed jako zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00ed divokosti nebo jin\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, sp\u00ed\u0161e jako zna\u010dkovac\u00ed funkce v vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b ne\u017e jako pln\u011b rozvinut\u00fd typ postavy.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ve zkratce: Troll<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> Obrovsk\u00e1 horsk\u00e1\/lesn\u00ed bytost<br>P\u016fvod: Eddini J\u00f6tnar a Thursar, region\u00e1ln\u00ed hor\u0161t\u00ed duchov\u00e9<br>Texty: Edda, islandsk\u00e9 sagy, Asbj\u00f8rnsen &amp; Moe, Grimm, modern\u00ed fantasy<br>Obdob\u00ed: Doba vikingsk\u00e1 a\u017e sou\u010dasnost<br>Obrana: Slune\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011btlo, kosteln\u00ed zvony, ocel, s\u016fl<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mytologicky zakotven v Eddin\u00fdch J\u00f6tnarech. Liter\u00e1rn\u011b rozkv\u00e9t\u00e1 v islandsk\u00fdch sag\u00e1ch (Grettisova saga, B\u00e1r\u00f0arova saga). Postava lidov\u00fdch poh\u00e1dek ve skandin\u00e1vsk\u00e9 tradici od st\u0159edov\u011bku, bohat\u011b sesb\u00edran\u00e1 v 19. stol. (Asbj\u00f8rnsen &amp; Moe). Modern\u00ed postava popkultury od Tolkiena.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Skandin\u00e1vie, Norsko, \u0160v\u00e9dsko, Island jako j\u00e1drov\u00e1 oblast. Finsk\u00e9 a s\u00e1msk\u00e9 varianty. N\u011bmecko zn\u00e1 \u201etrolly&#8220; p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u00edky skandin\u00e1vsk\u00fdm importn\u00edm p\u0159eklad\u016fm; vlastn\u00ed hor\u0161t\u00ed a lesn\u00ed ob\u0159i maj\u00ed jin\u00e1 jm\u00e9na.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Edda (V\u00f6lusp\u00e1, Gr\u00edmnism\u00e1l), islandsk\u00e9 sagy, Asbj\u00f8rnsenova a Moeho <em>Norske Folkeeventyr<\/em>, skandin\u00e1vsk\u00fd a finsk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 b\u011b\u017enou kulturu, zvyky a tradovan\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy.\" tabindex=\"0\">folkloristika<\/span>, modern\u00ed fantasy literatura.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Staronor\u0161tina:<\/strong> <em>troll<\/em>, \u0161irok\u00fd pojem pro \u201ekouzlo, monstrum, magickou bytost&#8220;.<br>Eddiny pojmy: <em>j\u00f6tunn<\/em> (mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo j\u00f6tnar), \u201eobr&#8220;; <em>thurs<\/em>, \u201enestv\u016fra&#8220;.<br>Modern\u00ed jm\u00e9na: Horsk\u00fd troll, Lesn\u00ed troll, Troldkone (troll\u00ed \u017eena), Trollkunig (islandsky).<br>Tolkien: Trollov\u00e9 jako podskupina ork\u00edho sv\u011bta, kte\u0159\u00ed na denn\u00edm sv\u011btle zkamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed.<\/p><p>Z\u00fa\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdznamu z obecn\u00e9 kouzeln\u00e9 bytosti na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho horsk\u00e9ho obra prob\u00edh\u00e1 v pozdn\u00edm st\u0159edov\u011bku a ran\u00e9m novov\u011bku. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch islandsk\u00fdch textech z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pojem \u0161irok\u00fd, <em>troll<\/em> tam m\u016f\u017ee znamenat i \u010darod\u011bjnici.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charakteristiky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Vzhled<\/strong><\/p><p>Obrovsk\u00fd, \u010dasto n\u011bkolik metr\u016f vysok\u00fd. O\u0161kliv\u00fd, s tlust\u00fdm nosem, bradavicemi, rozcuchan\u00fdmi vlasy. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch tradic\u00edch s n\u011bkolika hlavami. K\u016f\u017ee obvykle \u0161ed\u00e1 nebo zarostl\u00e1 mechem, p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed sk\u00e1lu. V norsk\u00fdch poh\u00e1dk\u00e1ch \u010dasto s ohonem.<\/p><p><strong>Chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>\u017dije v jeskyn\u00edch a hor\u00e1ch. Nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd pro poutn\u00edky, un\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nev\u011bsty, odv\u00e1d\u00ed d\u011bti, hl\u00edd\u00e1 poklady. Je hloup\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e lid\u00e9; v lidov\u00fdch poh\u00e1dk\u00e1ch se \u010dasto d\u00e1 p\u0159elst\u00edt. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed trollov\u00e9 se tajn\u011b po setm\u011bn\u00ed vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed do vesnic; kdy\u017e jsou zasti\u017eeni v\u00fdchodem slunce, zkamen\u00ed.<\/p><p><strong>Oblast p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Horsk\u00e9 oblasti, rozlehl\u00e9 lesy, osam\u011bl\u00e9 jeskyn\u011b a skaln\u00ed rozsedliny. N\u011bkter\u00e9 ikonick\u00e9 skaln\u00ed \u00fatvary v Norsku jsou dodnes vykl\u00e1d\u00e1ny jako zkamen\u011bl\u00ed trollov\u00e9 (Trolltunga, Trollveggen).<\/p><p><strong>Mytologick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>V eddick\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn dochovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span> pat\u0159\u00ed J\u00f6tnar k prvotn\u00edm mocnostem existuj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159ed bohy. Thor je jejich hlavn\u00edm protivn\u00edkem. V lidov\u00e9 tradici tento kosmick\u00fd rozm\u011br ztr\u00e1c\u00ed na v\u00fdznamu; troll se st\u00e1v\u00e1 oby\u010dejnou bytost\u00ed hor a les\u016f.<\/p><div><p><strong>Sb\u00edrka Asbj\u00f8rnsena a Moea a seversk\u00e1 moderna<\/strong><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Nor\u0161t\u00ed folklorist\u00e9 Peter Christen Asbj\u00f8rnsen a J\u00f8rgen Moe vyd\u00e1vali od roku 1841 svou sb\u00edrku <em>Norske Folkeeventyr<\/em> (Norsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 poh\u00e1dky). Jejich sb\u00edrka obsahovala \u0159adu p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f o trollech: trolly, kte\u0159\u00ed hl\u00eddaj\u00ed mosty, sv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed lidi nebo se ha\u0161te\u0159\u00ed s bohy.<\/span><\/p><p>Asbj\u00f8rnsen a Moe zp\u0159esnili popisy troll\u016f a u\u010dinili je vypr\u00e1v\u011bcky p\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi. Zaznamenali tak\u00e9 region\u00e1ln\u00ed rozmanitost (fjordov\u00ed trollov\u00e9, hor\u0161t\u00ed trollov\u00e9, mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed trollov\u00e9), co\u017e podpo\u0159ilo specializaci trollsk\u00e9 tradice.<\/p><p>Tato sb\u00edrka, mnohokr\u00e1t znovu vydan\u00e1 a p\u0159elo\u017een\u00e1 do \u0159ady jazyk\u016f, se stala pro evropsk\u00fd romantismus kanonick\u00fdm d\u00edlem a ur\u010dila standard, podle n\u011bj\u017e se sever\u0161t\u00ed trollov\u00e9 ch\u00e1pou v modern\u00ed literatu\u0159e a folkloristice.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: troll<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekty trolla na jeden pohled.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kulturn\u00ed kontext<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Eddi\u010dt\u00ed J\u00f6tnar a Thursov\u00e9 jako mytologick\u00fd p\u016fvod. V lidov\u00e9 tradici splynuli s region\u00e1ln\u00edmi horsk\u00fdmi a lesn\u00edmi duchy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159edm\u011bt p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Poutn\u00edci, past\u00fd\u0159i, d\u011bti. Nev\u011bsty v lidov\u00fdch poh\u00e1dk\u00e1ch. Hrdinov\u00e9 hledaj\u00edc\u00ed poklad.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vzhled trolla<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Obrovsk\u00fd, o\u0161kliv\u00fd, tlust\u00fd nos, rozcuchan\u00e9 vlasy, n\u011bkdy v\u00edce hlav. Barva k\u016f\u017ee \u0161ed\u00e1 nebo zarostl\u00e1 mechem. Ob\u010das s ohonem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Funkce<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Un\u00e1\u0161\u00ed, odv\u00e1d\u00ed, hl\u00edd\u00e1 poklady, drt\u00ed. V lidov\u00fdch poh\u00e1dk\u00e1ch jej lze p\u0159elst\u00edt. P\u0159i v\u00fdchodu slunce ztr\u00e1c\u00ed \u017eivot a m\u011bn\u00ed se v k\u00e1men.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrana p\u0159ed trollem<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Denn\u00ed sv\u011btlo (hlavn\u00ed ochrann\u00fd prost\u0159edek), kosteln\u00ed zvony, ocel. Lest a trp\u011blivost, lidov\u00e9 poh\u00e1dky ukazuj\u00ed hrdiny, kte\u0159\u00ed trolla zdr\u017e\u00ed a\u017e do r\u00e1na.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 bytosti<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ob\u0159i z \u0159eck\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn dochovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span>, oger (francouzsk\u00e9 poh\u00e1dky), kyklop, germ\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed hor\u0161t\u00ed ob\u0159i, ogre v modern\u00ed fantasy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Setk\u00e1n\u00ed a ochrana<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Pravidlo denn\u00edho sv\u011btla<\/strong><\/p><p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ochranou je jednoduch\u00e9 pravidlo: zdr\u017eet trolla a\u017e do v\u00fdchodu slunce. V \u0159ad\u011b norsk\u00fdch lidov\u00fdch poh\u00e1dek hrdina vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u010das, h\u00e1danky, lest nebo dlouh\u00e9 rozhovory, aby trolla udr\u017eel na m\u00edst\u011b a\u017e do prvn\u00edho paprsku slunce, kdy se rozpadne v k\u00e1men.<\/p><p><strong>Zvony, ocel, s\u016fl<\/strong><\/p><p>Kosteln\u00ed zvony trolly zah\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed, proto je zvyklost\u00ed odl\u00e9vat zvony pro nov\u00e9 vesnick\u00e9 kostely. Ocel (n\u016f\u017e, sekera, podkova) trolly bolestiv\u011b p\u00e1l\u00ed. S\u016fl se h\u00e1z\u00ed do ohn\u011b, pokud se v okol\u00ed p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost troll\u016f.<\/p><p><strong>Vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Ne v\u0161ichni trollov\u00e9 jsou pouze nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edch s nimi lze vyjedn\u00e1vat, sm\u011b\u0148ovat, slou\u017eit jim, p\u0159ij\u00edmat od nich pou\u010den\u00ed. Rizika z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed vysok\u00e1, stejn\u011b jako odm\u011bny (poklady, tajemstv\u00ed).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely a recepce<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 a dal\u0161\u00ed paralely:<\/strong> Ob\u0159i, og\u0159i, kyklopov\u00e9, v\u0161ude se objevuje <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> obrovit\u00e9, hloup\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 bytosti, kter\u00e1 vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 hrdiny. Eddi\u010dt\u00ed J\u00f6tnar jsou myti\u010dt\u00ed, trollov\u00e9 lidov\u00fdch poh\u00e1dek jsou bl\u00ed\u017ee v\u0161edn\u00edmu \u017eivotu.<\/p><p><strong>Tolkien a fantasy<\/strong><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Tolkien (1937, <em>The Hobbit<\/em>) p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed norsk\u00e9 pravidlo denn\u00edho sv\u011btla do modern\u00ed fantasy. Z toho se st\u00e1v\u00e1 troll standardn\u00edm protivn\u00edkem v hr\u00e1ch na hrdiny, fantasy romanech a videohr\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p><p><strong>Skandin\u00e1vsk\u00e1 moderna<\/strong><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>V Norsku z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 troll kulturn\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomnou postavou, v cestovn\u00edm ruchu (troll\u00ed suven\u00fdry, Trollveggen), filmu (<em>Troll Hunter<\/em>, 2010; <em>Troll<\/em>, 2022), literatu\u0159e. Sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fd pocit \u201estra\u0161ideln\u00e9 a p\u0159itom okouzluj\u00edc\u00ed\u201c utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed skandin\u00e1vskou identitu.<\/span><\/p><div><p><strong>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a kosmologick\u00e1 role v seversk\u00e9m sv\u011bton\u00e1zoru<\/strong><\/p><p>V p\u0159edstav\u00e1ch seversk\u00fdch kultur nebyli trollov\u00e9 pouze monstra, ale ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed kosmologick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du. Ob\u00fdvali oblasti mimo lidskou civilizaci a p\u0159edstavovali s\u00edlu, kterou nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 asimilovat, ale bylo t\u0159eba ji respektovat nebo se j\u00ed b\u00e1t.<\/p><p>Hranice mezi lidsk\u00fdm prostorem (Midgard) a d\u00e9monick\u00fdm prostorem (J\u00f6tunheim) byla \u010dasto vyzna\u010dena trolly. Tato funkce odli\u0161ovala trolly od pouh\u00fdch zl\u00fdch d\u00e9mon\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed mohli existovat bez kosmologick\u00e9ho zakotven\u00ed.<\/p><p>Trollsk\u00e1 tradice z\u016fstala ve Skandin\u00e1vii \u017eiv\u00e1, zat\u00edmco v jin\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech Evropy vyprchala. To \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d modern\u00ed fantasy a seversk\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed renesance zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed postavu trolla tak v\u00fdrazn\u011b; nejde o v\u00fdmysl 19. stolet\u00ed, ale o historicky dolo\u017eenou pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed tradici s kontinuitou po stalet\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8484c62 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp8484c62\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp925f628 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp925f628\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Troll ve staroseversk\u00e9 tradici<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0b5733e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp0b5733e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf977c07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpf977c07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Staroseversk\u00e9 slovo <em>troll<\/em> je dob\u0159e dolo\u017eeno ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 literatu\u0159e Islandu a Skandin\u00e1vie, ov\u0161em jeho v\u00fdznam je tam \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed a m\u00e9n\u011b ostr\u00fd ne\u017e v modern\u00edm jazykov\u00e9m \u00fazu.<\/p><p>V s\u00e1g\u00e1ch i v eddick\u00e9 poezii <em>troll<\/em> neozna\u010duje jasn\u011b vymezen\u00fd druh bytosti, n\u00fdbr\u017e celou \u0161k\u00e1lu nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch, nadp\u0159irozen\u00fdch bytost\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee j\u00edt o obra, o monstrum, o obch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho mrtv\u00e9ho nebo obecn\u011b o zlovolnou kouzelnou bytost. Tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 slovo <em>trolld\u00f3mr<\/em> znamen\u00e1 prost\u011b \u010darod\u011bjnictv\u00ed.<\/p><p>V <em>\u00cdslendingas\u00f6gur<\/em>, islandsk\u00fdch s\u00e1g\u00e1ch, se trollovit\u00e9 bytosti objevuj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou jako hrozba na okraji os\u00eddlen\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, v hor\u00e1ch, v neprostupn\u00fdch \u00fadol\u00edch, na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed.<\/p><p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed skupinu tvo\u0159\u00ed <em>tr\u00f6llkonur<\/em>, troll\u00ed \u017eeny, kter\u00e9 se objevuj\u00ed v n\u011bkolika s\u00e1g\u00e1ch a ve skaldsk\u00e9 poezii. <em>Grettis saga<\/em> obsahuje slavnou epizodu, v n\u00ed\u017e se hrdina Grettir, \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed ve vyhnanstv\u00ed, utk\u00e1 s takovou troll\u00ed \u017eenou a s dal\u0161\u00edm nekal\u00fdm tvorem.<\/p><p>Badatel\u00e9 zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se staroseverskou literaturou zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 texty nenab\u00edzej\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou systematickou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v dan\u00e9 kultu\u0159e.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span> troll\u016f. <em>Troll<\/em> je sp\u00ed\u0161e sb\u011brn\u00fd pojem pro to Jin\u00e9, to Nezn\u00e1m\u00e9, co stoj\u00ed mimo lidsk\u00fd i bo\u017esk\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d.<\/p><p>Uzav\u0159en\u00fd, konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed obraz trolla, jak jej zn\u00e1me z pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lidov\u00e9 slovesnosti a zejm\u00e9na z modern\u00ed literatury pro d\u011bti, je pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdvojem. Kdo chce trolla uchopit z hlediska d\u011bjin n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, mus\u00ed tuto neur\u010ditost nejstar\u0161\u00edch pramen\u016f akceptovat a nesm\u00ed modern\u00ed p\u0159edstavu zp\u011btn\u011b prom\u00edtat do s\u00e1g.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8ba61c4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp8ba61c4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpec6ae86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpec6ae86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Trollov\u00e9 ve skandin\u00e1vsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 pov\u011bsti<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp48dcc90 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp48dcc90\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp07b663b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp07b663b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed obraz trolla, jak jej zn\u00e1me dnes, se utv\u00e1\u0159el p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, postst\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 pov\u011bsti a byl zaznamen\u00e1n sb\u011brateli v 19. stolet\u00ed. V Norsku vykonali d\u016fle\u017eitou sb\u011bratelskou pr\u00e1ci Peter Christen Asbj\u00f8rnsen a J\u00f8rgen Moe se sv\u00fdmi <em>Norske Folkeeventyr<\/em>, ve \u0160v\u00e9dsku podobn\u00fd materi\u00e1l shrom\u00e1\u017edili r\u016fzn\u00ed folklorist\u00e9. V t\u00e9to mlad\u0161\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed v\u011bdomost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed z generace na generaci.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici<\/span> z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 troll v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rysy.<\/p><p>Nyn\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1 zpravidla p\u0159edstavov\u00e1n jako bytost \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v hor\u00e1ch, skal\u00e1ch nebo pahorc\u00edch, hrub\u00e1, siln\u00e1, \u010dasto hloup\u00e1 a snadno oklamateln\u00e1 lidmi. Opakuj\u00edc\u00edmi se motivy jsou jeho odpor k hluku, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ke zvon\u011bn\u00ed kosteln\u00edch zvon\u016f, obydl\u00ed pod mosty, bohatstv\u00ed v podob\u011b dobytka a poklad\u016f a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch tradic\u00edch p\u0159edstava, \u017ee jej slune\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011btlo obr\u00e1t\u00ed v k\u00e1men.<\/p><p>Tento posledn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> m\u00e1 star\u00fd p\u0159edobraz: ji\u017e v eddick\u00e9 poezii se trpasl\u00edk Alv\u00edss obr\u00e1t\u00ed v k\u00e1men, kdy\u017e jej zasko\u010d\u00ed vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed slunce.<\/p><p>Z folkloristick\u00e9ho hlediska plnily troll\u00ed pov\u011bsti n\u011bkolik funkc\u00ed. Vysv\u011btlovaly n\u00e1padn\u00e9 tvary krajiny, nap\u0159\u00edklad zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u011b tvarovan\u00e9 sk\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 byly vykl\u00e1d\u00e1ny jako zkamen\u011bl\u00ed trollov\u00e9. Vymezovaly hranici mezi obd\u011bl\u00e1vanou a divokou krajinou a varovaly p\u0159ed nebezpe\u010d\u00edmi pustiny. A ve vypr\u00e1v\u011bc\u00ed form\u011b zpracov\u00e1valy setk\u00e1n\u00ed s ciz\u00edm a nezn\u00e1m\u00fdm.<\/p><p>Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm typem vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o lidech, kter\u00e9 trollov\u00e9 odnesou do hory, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span>, kter\u00fd je \u00fazce spojen s p\u0159edstavami o podzem\u00ed a o p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch bytostech. Religionistick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum spat\u0159uje v tomto vypr\u00e1v\u011bc\u00edm materi\u00e1lu m\u00e9n\u011b syst\u00e9m v\u00edry ne\u017e pru\u017en\u00fd reperto\u00e1r, j\u00edm\u017e venkovsk\u00e1 spole\u010denstv\u00ed vykl\u00e1dala sv\u00e9 okol\u00ed a sv\u00e9 obavy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd5d270c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpd5d270c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9000042 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9000042\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Od stra\u0161ideln\u00e9 bytosti k postav\u011b z d\u011btsk\u00fdch knih<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa6e0daa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa6e0daa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa7f65d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa7f65d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>D\u011bjiny recepce trolla v 19. a 20. stolet\u00ed jsou u\u010debnicov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem prom\u011bny v\u00fdznamu duchovn\u00ed bytosti. V\u00fdchoz\u00edm bodem bylo n\u00e1rodn\u011b romantick\u00e9 zhodnocen\u00ed lidov\u00e9 tradice ve Skandin\u00e1vii. Troll se z ryze stra\u0161ideln\u00e9 postavy stal sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identity a um\u011bleckou inspirac\u00ed.<\/p><p>\u0160v\u00e9dsk\u00fd mal\u00ed\u0159 John Bauer utvo\u0159il sv\u00fdmi ilustracemi k antologii <em>Bland tomtar och troll<\/em> na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed vlivn\u00fd obraz masivn\u00edho, sukovit\u00e9ho trolla \u017eij\u00edc\u00edho v lese.<\/p><p>V dal\u0161\u00edm pr\u016fb\u011bhu 20. stolet\u00ed se obraz posunul je\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011bji k laskavosti a k podob\u011b p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 pro d\u011bti. Finsko-\u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e1 autorka Tove Jansson vytvo\u0159ila v postav\u00e1ch <em>mumin\u016f<\/em> zakulacen\u00e9, dobrosrde\u010dn\u00e9 troll\u00ed bytosti, kter\u00e9 s hroziv\u00fdm s\u00e1gov\u00fdm trollem sotva co maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p><p>V hra\u010dk\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m a z\u00e1bavn\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu se troll stal ne\u0161kodnou, \u010dasto roztomilou figurkou. Soub\u011b\u017en\u011b s t\u00edm \u017eil ve fantasy literatu\u0159e, ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 d\u00edlem J. R. R. Tolkiena, d\u00e1l i obraz velk\u00e9ho, hloup\u00e9ho, nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho trolla.<\/p><p>Pro v\u011bdeck\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed je tato prom\u011bna p\u0159\u00ednosn\u00e1, proto\u017ee ukazuje, jak m\u016f\u017ee bytost ztratit svou funkci a z\u00edskat novou. S\u00e1gov\u00fd troll byl v\u00e1z\u00e1n na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed obavy a na ur\u010ditou krajinu.<\/p><p>Modern\u00ed troll je od tohoto zakotven\u00ed uvoln\u011bn a m\u016f\u017ee podle pot\u0159eby zt\u011bles\u0148ovat roztomilost, komiku nebo monstrozitu. \u0160v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 slovo <em>troll<\/em> t\u00edm na novou vlastn\u00ed obnovilo svou starou v\u00fdznamovou \u0161\u00ed\u0159i: dnes ozna\u010duje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161e, co si od n\u011bj vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Doporu\u010den\u00e9 intern\u00ed odkazy:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145141\">Germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145154\">Alp<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145155\">Draugr<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145156\">Nix<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145158\">Mahr<\/a><\/li><li>Eddi\u010dt\u00ed J\u00f6tnov\u00e9 a seversk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v dan\u00e9 kultu\u0159e.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span><\/li><li>Tolkien a modern\u00ed fantasy<\/li><li>Paralely: obr, kyklop, gigant<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prameny a literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatura\"><p>V\u00fdb\u011br z\u00e1sadn\u00edch prac\u00ed o trollech:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Lindow, John: <em>Trolls. An Unnatural History<\/em>. London 2014.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Simpson, Jacqueline: <em>Scandinavian Folktales<\/em>. Harmondsworth 1988.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Kvideland, Reimund \/ Sehmsdorf, Henning: <em>Scandinavian Folk Belief and Legend<\/em>. Minneapolis 1988.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Tangherlini, Timothy R.: <em>Interpreting Legend<\/em>. New York 1994.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>L\u00f6nnroth, Lars: <em>Den dubbla scenen<\/em>. Stockholm 1978.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dal\u0161\u00ed standardn\u00ed d\u00edla najdete v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145257\">seznamu literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-troll-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-troll-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-troll\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-troll-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-troll-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Zde popsan\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 praxe je v\u011bdeck\u00fdm za\u0159azen\u00edm historick\u00fdch tradic. iWell Guard navazuje na tuto kulturn\u011b-historickou linii nositeln\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a p\u0159edstavuje jejich sou\u010dasnou formu. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-wv-troll-faq-eb1ce4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"wv-troll-faq-eb1ce4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-wv-troll-faq-col-d45809\" data-id=\"wv-troll-faq-col-d45809\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wv-troll-h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"wv-troll-h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o trollech<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wv-troll-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"wv-troll-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<details class=\"iwg-faq-item\">\n  <summary><strong>Co je troll v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span>?<\/strong><\/summary>\n  <p>Troll je bytost seversk\u00e9 a germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span>, kter\u00e1 \u017eije v hor\u00e1ch, les\u00edch a pod mosty. Trollov\u00e9 jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za velk\u00e9, hrub\u00e9, \u010dasto hloup\u00e9, ale nebezpe\u010dn\u011b siln\u00e9. Ve staroseversk\u00e9 tradici (Edda, s\u00e1gy) jsou trollov\u00e9 popisov\u00e1ni jako rod obr\u016f, p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed J\u00f6tun\u016f. Modern\u00ed fantasy tradice tento obraz v\u00fdrazn\u011b prom\u011bnila.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<details class=\"iwg-faq-item\">\n  <summary><strong>Jak\u00e9 druhy troll\u016f existuj\u00ed?<\/strong><\/summary>\n  <p>Staroseversk\u00e1 tradice rozli\u0161uje n\u011bkolik typ\u016f troll\u016f: horsk\u00e9 trolly (obyvatele skal), vodn\u00ed trolly (\u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v \u0159ek\u00e1ch a jezerech), pahorkov\u00e9 trolly a men\u0161\u00ed Hus-Tomten \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 kultura se zvyky, vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edmi a p\u00edsn\u011bmi.\" tabindex=\"0\">folkl\u00f3ry<\/span>. Trollov\u00e9 zkamen\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i dopadu slune\u010dn\u00edho sv\u011btla, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span>, kter\u00fd se opakuje v mnoha norsk\u00fdch pov\u011bstech o skaln\u00edch \u00fatvarech.<\/p>\n<\/details>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wv-troll-s elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"wv-troll-s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Co je troll v mytologii?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Troll je bytost seversk\u00e9 a germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 mytologie, kter\u00e1 \u017eije v hor\u00e1ch, les\u00edch a pod mosty. Trollov\u00e9 jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za velk\u00e9, hrub\u00e9, \u010dasto hloup\u00e9, ale nebezpe\u010dn\u011b siln\u00e9. Ve staroseversk\u00e9 tradici (Edda, s\u00e1gy) jsou trollov\u00e9 popisov\u00e1ni jako rod obr\u016f, p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed J\u00f6tun\u016f. Modern\u00ed fantasy tradice tento obraz v\u00fdrazn\u011b prom\u011bnila.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Jak\u00e9 druhy troll\u016f existuj\u00ed?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Staroseversk\u00e1 tradice rozli\u0161uje n\u011bkolik typ\u016f troll\u016f: horsk\u00e9 trolly (obyvatele skal), vodn\u00ed trolly (\u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v \u0159ek\u00e1ch a jezerech), pahorkov\u00e9 trolly a men\u0161\u00ed Hus-Tomten \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 folkl\u00f3ry. Trollov\u00e9 zkamen\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i dopadu slune\u010dn\u00edho sv\u011btla, motiv, kter\u00fd se opakuje v mnoha norsk\u00fdch pov\u011bstech o skaln\u00edch \u00fatvarech.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1570,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Troll","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Troll \u2013 obrovsk\u00e1 horsk\u00e1 bytost z Eddy a sag","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Troll, obrovsk\u00e1 horsk\u00e1 bytost germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 tradice. Mezi Eddin\u00fdm thursem a lidov\u00fdm poh\u00e1dkov\u00fdm obrem, se vztahem ke kameni a obr\u016fm.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"germanisch","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145157","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Troll \u2013 obrovsk\u00e1 horsk\u00e1 bytost z Eddy a sag<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Troll, obrovsk\u00e1 horsk\u00e1 bytost germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 tradice. 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