{"id":145155,"date":"2026-09-03T16:27:35","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:27:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145155"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:48:19","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:48:19","slug":"draugr","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/draugr\/","title":{"rendered":"Draugr"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145155\" class=\"elementor elementor-145155 elementor-1029\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Draugr, duch germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Seversk\u00fd revenant, str\u00e1\u017ece mohyl.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dif-draugr\">Draugr v pramenech s\u00e1g<\/h2>\n<p>Draugr (tak\u00e9 <em>aptrg\u01ebnguma\u00f0r<\/em>, \u201eten, kdo se vrac\u00ed\u201c) je <strong>nemrtv\u00e1 postava ob\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed mohylu<\/strong> ze staroseversk\u00e9 sagov\u00e9 literatury. Hlavn\u00edmi prameny jsou Grettisova saga (kap. 32-35: epizoda o Glamovi), Eyrbyggja saga (\u00de\u00f3r\u00f3lfr B\u00e6gif\u00f3tr) a Laxd\u00e6la saga. Charakteristick\u00e9 znaky: t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 t\u011blo, modr\u00e1 nebo \u010dern\u00e1 barva poko\u017eky, nadlidsk\u00e1 s\u00edla, pobyt v mohyle. K prom\u011bn\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed po smrti v d\u016fsledku chamtivosti, vra\u017eedn\u00e9ho \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed nebo nevyrovnan\u00e9ho provin\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p><p>Boj s draugrem prob\u00edh\u00e1 <strong>st\u011bt\u00edm jeho vlastn\u00ed zbran\u00ed<\/strong> a sp\u00e1len\u00edm na otev\u0159en\u00e9m poli. Dne\u0161n\u00ed badatel\u00e9 v oboru skandinavistiky (John Lindow, Carolyne Larrington) ch\u00e1pou draugra jako zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00ed nevy\u0159e\u0161en\u00e9 <strong>vikingsk\u00e9 ekonomiky cti<\/strong>: zesnul\u00ed s nevyrovnan\u00fdmi dluhy se vracej\u00ed, dokud nen\u00ed obnovena spole\u010densk\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha. P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 postavy: Haugb\u00faar (obyvatel\u00e9 mohyl), Aptrgangr (ten, kdo se vrac\u00ed).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duch: Net\u011blesn\u00e1 nebo polovi\u010dn\u00ed bytost, zesnul\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed bytosti, dom\u00e1c\u00ed duchov\u00e9 nebo str\u00e1\u017eci prah\u016f. P\u016fsob\u00ed v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b, \u010dasto je v\u00e1z\u00e1n na m\u00edsta nebo rodiny.\">Duch<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145141\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd sv\u011bt boh\u016f a duch\u016f severn\u00ed a st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy.\">Germ\u00e1nsk\u00e1<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145226\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zesnul\u00ed, jejich\u017e duchov\u00e9 d\u00e1le p\u016fsob\u00ed v tomto sv\u011bt\u011b, dom\u00e1c\u00ed duchov\u00e9, p\u0159edkov\u00e9, neklidn\u00ed mrtv\u00ed.\">Duch mrtv\u00e9ho<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 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e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_draugr-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147565\" alt=\"Draugr - duchov\u00e9 z germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 tradice, historicko-ilustrativn\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_draugr-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_draugr-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_draugr-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_draugr.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Draugr<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Draugr je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 tradice.<\/p><p>Draugr je klasick\u00fd revenant staroseversk\u00e9 tradice. Zesnul\u00fd se vrac\u00ed ze sv\u00e9 mohyly, nikoli jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>, n\u00fdbr\u017e jako t\u011blesn\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd, nadlidsky siln\u00fd, \u010dasto v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00fd mrtv\u00fd.<\/p><p>Hl\u00edd\u00e1 sv\u00e9 hrobov\u00e9 dary, \u0161krt\u00ed vet\u0159elce, m\u016f\u017ee zab\u00edjet dobytek na sousedn\u00edch dvorech a u\u010dinit cel\u00e9 kraje neobyvateln\u00fdmi. Nejhust\u0161\u00ed liter\u00e1rn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdomost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici<\/span> obsahuj\u00ed islandsk\u00e9 sagy.<\/p><p>Pro draugra je typick\u00e1 fyzick\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost a obrovsk\u00e1 s\u00edla. B\u011bhem dne m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt slab\u0161\u00ed, av\u0161ak v noci prolom\u00ed mohylu a putuje krajinou.<\/p><p>Sagy podrobn\u011b vypravuj\u00ed o boj\u00edch mezi \u017eiv\u00fdmi hrdiny a draugry, kter\u00e9 obvykle kon\u010d\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pevn\u011b stanoven\u00e9, opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lem<\/span> nara\u017een\u00ed na k\u016fl, st\u011bt\u00ed a sp\u00e1len\u00ed. Draugr je funk\u010dn\u011b p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd s <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145113\">Edimmu<\/a>, Lemury a slovansk\u00fdm up\u00edrem a stoj\u00ed na po\u010d\u00e1tku rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 tradice revenant\u016f.<\/p><div><p><strong>Eyrbyggja saga a klasick\u00e1 epizoda o draugrovi<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Eyrbyggja saga<\/em> (zapsan\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ve 13. stolet\u00ed, s d\u011bjem zasazen\u00fdm do 10. stolet\u00ed) je jedn\u00edm z nejpodrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pramen\u016f pro zjeven\u00ed draugr\u016f. Saga vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o n\u011bkolika revenantech, kte\u0159\u00ed vst\u00e1vaj\u00ed ze sv\u00fdch mohyl, nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 a p\u016fsob\u00ed nepokoje.<\/p><p>V\u00fdrazn\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivem<\/span> je draugr z mo\u0159e, \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd se utopil ve vod\u011b a pot\u00e9 se vrac\u00ed jako vodn\u00ed bytost, \u010dasto je sly\u0161et nebo vid\u011bt na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. Saga zach\u00e1z\u00ed s t\u011bmito zjeven\u00edmi jako s b\u011b\u017enou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0159\u00e1du existence, pr\u00e1v\u011b ne jako s nadp\u0159irozenost\u00ed v modern\u00edm smyslu.<\/p><p>Eyrbyggja saga zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 i protiopat\u0159en\u00ed: op\u011btovn\u00e9 poh\u0159ben\u00ed na svat\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b, sp\u00e1len\u00ed mrtv\u00e9ho t\u011bla nebo magick\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly. Tyto prost\u0159edky nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee draug\u0159i nejsou pouh\u00fdmi duchy. Z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed naopak v\u00e1z\u00e1ni na sv\u00e9 fyzick\u00e9 t\u011blo, a proto vy\u017eaduj\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00fd z\u00e1sah.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159ehled: Draugr<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> Seversk\u00fd revenant<br>P\u016fvod: Nespr\u00e1vn\u011b poh\u0159ben\u00ed nebo znovu poh\u0159ben\u00ed mrtv\u00ed, obvykle s vlastnostmi jako chamtivost nebo n\u00e1sil\u00ed<br>Texty: Islandsk\u00e9 sagy, Edda, norsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 pov\u011bsti<br>Obdob\u00ed: Doba vikingsk\u00e1 a\u017e sou\u010dasnost (liter\u00e1rn\u011b)<br>Obrana: St\u011bt\u00ed, nara\u017een\u00ed na k\u016fl, sp\u00e1len\u00ed, poh\u0159ben\u00ed na b\u0159icho<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Liter\u00e1rn\u00ed rozkv\u011bt v islandsk\u00fdch sag\u00e1ch 12. 14. stolet\u00ed (Grettisova saga, Eyrbyggja saga, Laxd\u0153la saga). P\u0159edch\u016fdci v Edd\u011b. Lidov\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed v norsko-islandsk\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1van\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 kultura se zvyky, vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edmi a p\u00edsn\u011bmi.\" tabindex=\"0\">folkloru<\/span> a\u017e do modern\u00ed doby. \u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd revival v modern\u00edm fantasy \u017e\u00e1nru (Skyrim aj.).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed oblast: Island, Norsko, Skandin\u00e1vie obecn\u011b. Paraleln\u00ed motivy v germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 a anglosask\u00e9 tradici (trojice v Beowulfu s Grendelem ukazuje p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 struktury).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Islandsk\u00e9 sagy (Grettisova saga podrobn\u011b, Eyrbyggja saga se slavn\u00fdm Hrappem), m\u00edsta v Edd\u011b, norsk\u00e9 sb\u00edrky pov\u011bst\u00ed (Asbj\u00f8rnsen a Moe), modern\u00ed folkloristick\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce o Skandin\u00e1vii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Starosever\u0161tina:<\/strong> <em>draugr<\/em> (mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo <em>draugar<\/em>); <em>haugb\u00fai<\/em>, \u201eobyvatel mohyly\u201c.<br>P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 pojmy: <em>aptrganga<\/em> (\u201eten, kdo se vrac\u00ed\u201c), <em>dau\u00f0r<\/em> (jednodu\u0161e \u201esmrt\/mrtv\u00fd\u201c, podle kontextu).<br>Modern\u00ed nor\u0161tina: draug (\u010dasto s odkazem na mo\u0159e v pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch lidov\u00fdch pov\u011bstech).<\/p><p>Islandsk\u00e1 tradice zn\u00e1 jako hlavn\u00ed formu landdraugra (v mohyle). Pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed lidov\u00e1 tradice vyv\u00edj\u00ed seedraugra, mrtv\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd stra\u0161\u00ed u mo\u0159e a zjevuje se ryb\u00e1\u0159\u016fm na mo\u0159i.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Povahov\u00e9 rysy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Vzhled<\/strong><\/p><p>Obrovsk\u00fd (po smrti \u010dasto v\u00fdrazn\u011b vyrostl\u00fd), tmav\u011b modr\u00fd nebo \u0161edo\u010dern\u00fd, n\u011bkdy zpola rozpadl\u00fd. S\u00e1gy popisuj\u00ed Gl\u00e1mra (Grettisova saga) jako \u201etak velk\u00e9ho, \u017ee pro to nebylo m\u00edry&#8220;. O\u010di mu v noci sv\u00edt\u00ed. T\u011blo je neporu\u0161en\u00e9, nen\u00ed to duch.<\/p><p><strong>Chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Hl\u00edd\u00e1 sv\u016fj pokladu v mohyle. V ur\u010dit\u00fdch noc\u00edch m\u016f\u017ee vyrazit ven, zab\u00edjet dobytek, dusit lidi, vypr\u00e1zdnit cel\u00e9 usedlosti. Kdo p\u0159e\u017eije boj s n\u00edm, m\u016f\u017ee z\u00edskat poklad a sl\u00e1vu, ale odnese si i zaklinadlo, kter\u00e9 na n\u011bj p\u016fsob\u00ed po cel\u00fd zbytek \u017eivota.<\/p><p><strong>Oblast p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Mohyla a jej\u00ed okol\u00ed. V z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech cel\u00fd kraj, kter\u00fd se d\u00edky draugrovi stane neobyvateln\u00fdm (Eyrbyggja saga, Thorolf B\u00e6gif\u00f3tr). Mo\u0159sk\u00fd draugr se zdr\u017euje u mo\u0159e a v ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch chat\u00e1ch.<\/p><p><strong>Mytologick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Draugr vznik\u00e1 kombinac\u00ed povahov\u00fdch p\u0159edpoklad\u016f zesnul\u00e9ho a nedbal\u00e9ho poh\u0159bu, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd bo\u017esk\u00fd z\u00e1sah za t\u00edm nestoj\u00ed. Vinn\u00ed, n\u00e1siln\u011b zem\u0159el\u00ed nebo hrabiv\u00ed mrtv\u00ed se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed draugrem sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e ti, kdo zem\u0159eli v klidu.<\/p><div><p><strong>Grettisova saga a Gl\u00e1mr, nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed draugr<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Grettisova saga<\/em> (pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b 14. Jahrhundert) vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o boji hrdiny Grettira s draugrem Gl\u00e1mrem. Gl\u00e1mr byl kdysi past\u00fd\u0159em, zem\u0159el v\u0161ak za nejasn\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed a vr\u00e1til se ze sv\u00e9 mohyly.<\/p><p>Zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 si svou t\u011blesnou velikost (nadlidskou), za dne je slab\u0161\u00ed, ale v noci nep\u0159emo\u017eiteln\u00fd. Grettir se s Gl\u00e1mrem mus\u00ed utkat t\u011blesn\u011b, souboj mu\u017ee proti mu\u017ei, co\u017e draugra odli\u0161uje od net\u011blesn\u00fdch duch\u016f. Boj kon\u010d\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee Grettir Gl\u00e1mra p\u0159em\u016f\u017ee a otev\u0159e jeho hrob.<\/p><p>Tato epizoda se stala v seversk\u00e9 liter\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u011bd\u011b proslulou a slou\u017e\u00ed jako archetyp pro konfrontace s draugrem. Ukazuje tak\u00e9, \u017ee draug\u0159i jsou ch\u00e1p\u00e1ni jako naru\u0161en\u00ed kosmologick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba napravit nadp\u0159irozen\u00fdm nebo ritu\u00e1ln\u00edm n\u00e1sil\u00edm, a nikoli jako zl\u00e9 nebo mor\u00e1ln\u011b vinn\u00e9 bytosti.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Draugr<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace o draugrovi na prvn\u00ed pohled.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fvod draugra<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vznik\u00e1 ze zesnul\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd se probud\u00ed v mohyle. P\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edmi faktory jsou \u0161patn\u00e1 povaha, nespr\u00e1vn\u00fd poh\u0159eb a n\u00e1siln\u00e1 smrt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159edm\u011bt p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vykr\u00e1da\u010di hrobek, obyvatel\u00e9 bl\u00edzk\u00fdch statk\u016f, dobytek. Hrdinov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed mohylu p\u0159emoci.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vzhled draugra<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u011blesn\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd, obrovsky vyrostl\u00fd, tmav\u011b modr\u00fd nebo \u010dern\u00fd, se sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00edmi o\u010dima. Nen\u00ed to duch, draugr m\u00e1 v\u00e1hu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Funkce<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dus\u00ed lidi, zab\u00edj\u00ed dobytek, d\u011bl\u00e1 z cel\u00fdch kraj\u016f neobyvateln\u00e1 m\u00edsta. Lze ho p\u0159emoci z\u00e1pasem nebo bojov\u00fdm ritu\u00e1lem; \u010dasto po sob\u011b zanech\u00e1v\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jazykov\u00e1 formule, kterou m\u00e1 b\u00fdt osob\u011b nebo v\u011bci zp\u016fsobeno ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">kletbu<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e9 prost\u0159edky<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Setnut\u00ed hlavy a jej\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed mezi nohy, nara\u017een\u00ed na k\u016fl, sp\u00e1len\u00ed, ulo\u017een\u00ed do hrobu na b\u0159icho. V obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech otev\u0159en\u00ed mohyly a ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed zni\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Obdoby<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145113\">Edimmu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145129\">Lemury<\/a>, slovansk\u00fd up\u00edr (upyr), v\u00fdchodoevropsk\u00fd vamp\u00fdr, anglick\u00fd revenant.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e1 praxe<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Poh\u0159ebn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly<\/strong><\/p><p>Aby se zabr\u00e1nilo vzniku draugra: ulo\u017een\u00ed do hrobu na b\u0159icho (\u201eaby mrtv\u00fd s obli\u010dejem dol\u016f nena\u0161el cestu ven&#8220;), sv\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed palc\u016f na nohou, rub\u00e1\u0161 p\u0159ipevn\u011bn\u00fd jehlami. U zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fdch mrtv\u00fdch se t\u011blo vyn\u00e1\u0161elo nap\u0159ed nohama a n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t se oto\u010dilo, aby se zm\u00e1tla jejich orientace.<\/p><p><strong>Bojov\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly<\/strong><\/p><p>Hrdina vstoup\u00ed do mohyly, z\u00e1pas\u00ed s draugrem, usekne mu hlavu, um\u00edst\u00ed ji mezi jeho nohy, sp\u00e1l\u00ed t\u011blo a popel rozpt\u00fdl\u00ed nebo ho utop\u00ed v mo\u0159i. S\u00e1gy tento postup popisuj\u00ed v n\u011bkolika slavn\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1ch (Grettir proti Gl\u00e1mrovi, Grettir proti star\u00e9mu Karovi).<\/p><p><strong>Amulety a znamen\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>\u017delezo (me\u010d, srp), po christianizaci k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, runov\u00e9 amulety. V lidov\u00e9 seversk\u00e9 tradici: podkova na dve\u0159\u00edch a u l\u016f\u017eka, ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed sv\u011btla v noci.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely a dal\u0161\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Star\u0161\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 tradice<\/strong><\/p><p>Draugr m\u00e1 struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed rysy spole\u010dn\u00e9 s mezopotamsk\u00fdm <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145113\">Edimmu<\/a>, \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdmi <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145129\">Lemury<\/a> a \u0159eck\u00fdmi neklidn\u00fdmi mrtv\u00fdmi. V\u0161ude plat\u00ed tot\u00e9\u017e: nedostate\u010dn\u00fd poh\u0159eb jako p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span> jako protil\u00e1tka.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet><strong>Slovansk\u00fd upyr a vamp\u00fdr:<\/strong> Slovansk\u00fd upyr a st\u0159edoevropsk\u00fd vamp\u00fdr sd\u00edlej\u00ed povahu t\u011blesn\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho revenanta. Dr\u00e1kula Brama Stokera (1897) je jejich vzd\u00e1len\u00fdm potomkem. Rozd\u00edl je v tom, \u017ee draugr sv\u00e9 ob\u011bti dus\u00ed a ub\u00edj\u00ed, m\u00edsto aby pil jejich krev.<\/span><\/p><p><strong>Modern\u00ed recepce:<\/strong> Postavy draugr\u016f ve fantasy a videohr\u00e1ch (Skyrim, God of War Ragnar\u00f6k) si zachov\u00e1vaj\u00ed t\u011blesnou p\u0159\u00edtomnost i spojen\u00ed s mohylou. Seversk\u00e1 noir literatura a sou\u010dasn\u00e1 islandsk\u00e1 literatura toto <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> rovn\u011b\u017e zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed.<\/p><div><p><strong>Islandsk\u00e1 tradice a kontinuita v\u00edry<\/strong><\/p><p>Island hr\u00e1l v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch draugrovsk\u00e9 tradice zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed roli. Jako relativn\u011b izolovan\u00e1 spole\u010dnost se stabiln\u00ed liter\u00e1rn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed mezi generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradic\u00ed<\/span> (s\u00e1gy, Eddy) se koncept draugra mohl po stalet\u00ed uchov\u00e1vat a zp\u0159es\u0148ovat.<\/p><p>Modern\u00ed island\u0161t\u00ed folklorist\u00e9, jako J\u00f3n \u00c1rnason (19. stolet\u00ed), st\u00e1le zaznamen\u00e1vali pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed draugr\u016f ze sv\u00fdch kraj\u016f a usoudili, \u017ee v\u00edra nikdy zcela nevymizela, ale prom\u011bnila se.<\/p><p>Tato nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed mezi generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span> umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch liter\u00e1rn\u00edch pramen\u016f s modern\u00ed lidovou v\u00edrou. Takov\u00e9 linie kontinuity jsou v evropsk\u00e9 folkloristice vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 a d\u011blaj\u00ed z Islandu cenn\u00fd archiv pro v\u00fdzkum draugrovsk\u00e9 tradice.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6851f26 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp6851f26\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6054d3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp6054d3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Draugr v islandsk\u00fdch s\u00e1g\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4248a2f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp4248a2f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbcafb0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpbcafb0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejpodrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed popisy draugra se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v islandsk\u00fdch sag\u00e1ch, prozaick\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edch ze t\u0159in\u00e1ct\u00e9ho a \u010dtrn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zachycuj\u00ed \u017eivot islandsk\u00fdch osadn\u00edk\u016f. Mytologick\u00e1 poezie v tomto ohledu ustupuje do pozad\u00ed.<\/p><p>Tyto s\u00e1gy obsahuj\u00ed \u0159adu epizod, v nich\u017e mrtv\u00ed opou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed sv\u00e9 mohyly a su\u017euj\u00ed \u017eiv\u00e9. Draugr v nich nen\u00ed bled\u00fdm duchem, ale t\u011blesn\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomnou, hmotnou bytost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 disponuje nadlidskou silou.<\/p><p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jsou dva p\u0159\u00edpady. V <em>Grettis saga<\/em> bojuje hrdina Grettir s vete\u0161n\u00edkem Gl\u00e1mem, pastevcem, kter\u00fd po n\u00e1siln\u00e9 smrti obch\u00e1z\u00ed a zab\u00edj\u00ed lidi i dobytek.<\/p><p>Grettir jej poraz\u00ed v dlouh\u00e9m z\u00e1pase, ale um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed Gl\u00e1m na n\u011bj uval\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jazykov\u00e1 formule, j\u00ed\u017e se m\u00e1 osob\u011b nebo v\u011bci zp\u016fsobit ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">kletbu<\/span>, kter\u00e1 Grettirovi od t\u00e9 doby p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a strach ze tmy. V <em>Eyrbyggja saga<\/em> naopak stra\u0161\u00ed cel\u00e1 dom\u00e1cnost mrtv\u00fdch, dokud \u017eiv\u00ed neuspo\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed form\u00e1ln\u00ed soudn\u00ed proces proti vete\u0161n\u00edk\u016fm a nevy\u017eenou je t\u00edm pry\u010d.<\/p><p>Tato vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed maj\u00ed z hlediska d\u011bjin n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed velkou hodnotu, proto\u017ee ukazuj\u00ed, jak konkr\u00e9tn\u011b a v\u0161edn\u011b byla p\u0159edstava neklidn\u00e9ho mrtv\u00e9ho ch\u00e1p\u00e1na. Draugr je v\u00e1z\u00e1n na svou mohylu a na sv\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bydli\u0161t\u011b, jedn\u00e1 ze zloby, z\u00e1visti nebo dychtivosti po majetku a lze jej porazit jen d\u016frazn\u00fdmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi.<\/p><p>Badatel\u00e9 \u010dtou s\u00e1gy jako liter\u00e1rn\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b v\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy, nikoli jako v\u011bcn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy. To, \u017ee jsou epizody vypr\u00e1v\u011bny tak podrobn\u011b a podle pevn\u00fdch vzorc\u016f, je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za doklad toho, \u017ee v\u00edra ve vete\u0161n\u00edky byla ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9m Islandu hluboce zakotvena.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp51365f4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp51365f4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa91cff6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpa91cff6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Odvracen\u00ed, op\u011btovn\u00e9 pochov\u00e1n\u00ed a zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s hrobem<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0acb97c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp0acb97c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc7dd71e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpc7dd71e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>S\u00e1gy vypov\u00eddaj\u00ed o v\u00fdskytu draugr\u016f a vedle toho s pozoruhodnou p\u0159esnost\u00ed i o prost\u0159edc\u00edch, jak je u\u010dinit ne\u0161kodn\u00fdmi. Tyto popisy nab\u00edzej\u00ed pohled na celou praxi zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm mrtv\u00fdm.<\/p><p>Nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem bylo draugra ve sv\u00e9 mohyle nebo v boji definitivn\u011b p\u0159emoci a jeho t\u011blo n\u00e1sledn\u011b zni\u010dit.<\/p><p>N\u011bkolik s\u00e1g popisuje p\u0159itom pevn\u00fd postup: vete\u0161n\u00edkovi byla u\u0165ata hlava a polo\u017eena k jeho z\u00e1di nebo mezi stehna, t\u011blo bylo sp\u00e1leno a popel odnesen na vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 m\u00edsto nebo rozpr\u00e1\u0161en do mo\u0159e.<\/p><p>N\u011bkdy byl mrtv\u00fd tak\u00e9 vyzdvi\u017een ze sv\u00e9 mohyly a znovu pochov\u00e1n na jin\u00e9m, odlehl\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b. Tato opat\u0159en\u00ed m\u011bla za c\u00edl p\u0159eru\u0161it vazbu mrtv\u00e9ho k jeho m\u00edstu a jeho schopnost se pohybovat.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 minul\u00e9 kultury na z\u00e1klad\u011b hmotn\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">Archeologie<\/span> p\u0159inesla k tomuto <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdomost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed mezi generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">pod\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1lezy. Ve skandin\u00e1vsk\u00fdch hrobech z doby viking\u016f se ojedin\u011ble vyskytuj\u00ed poh\u0159by, u nich\u017e bylo t\u011blo zat\u00ed\u017eeno t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdmi kameny, ulo\u017eeno v nezvykl\u00e9 poloze nebo jinak o\u0161et\u0159eno, ne\u017e bylo obvykl\u00e9.<\/p><p>Badatel\u00e9 takov\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy opatrn\u011b vykl\u00e1daj\u00ed jako mo\u017en\u00fd v\u00fdraz obav z vete\u0161n\u00edka, z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak varuj\u00ed p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161nou jistotou, proto\u017ee motivy poh\u0159bu se archeologicky jen z\u0159\u00eddka daj\u00ed jednozna\u010dn\u011b ur\u010dit. Spojen\u00ed s\u00e1gin\u00e9ho vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed a hrobov\u00e9ho n\u00e1lezu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eitou, ale metodicky citlivou oblast\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145141\">germ\u00e1nsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5c04f45 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp5c04f45\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9bebc18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9bebc18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Haugb\u00fai, aptrgangr a rozmanitost v\u00edry ve vete\u0161n\u00edky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe9fee5e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpe9fee5e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5ff4a26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp5ff4a26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Staroseversk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdomost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed mezi generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">pod\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> nezn\u00e1 jedin\u00fd, jasn\u011b vymezen\u00fd typ vete\u0161n\u00edka. Zahrnuje sp\u00ed\u0161e \u0159adu p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch pojm\u016f a p\u0159edstav. Vedle <em>draugr<\/em> se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s <em>haugb\u00fai<\/em>, doslova \u201eobyvatelem mohyly\u201c, a <em>aptrgangr<\/em>, \u201eop\u011btovn\u00fdm chodcem\u201c. Badatel\u00e9 se dlouho p\u0159eli o to, zda je t\u0159eba tato slova od sebe striktn\u011b odd\u011blovat, nebo zda ozna\u010duj\u00ed p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se aspekty t\u00e9\u017ee z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159edstavy.<\/p><p>Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 rozli\u0161en\u00ed vid\u00ed v <em>haugb\u00fai<\/em> mrtv\u00e9ho v\u00e1zan\u00e9ho na m\u00edsto, kter\u00fd z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9 mohyle a nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm se st\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161inou jen tehdy, kdy\u017e do mohyly n\u011bkdo vnikne, nap\u0159\u00edklad aby uloupil spolu s n\u00edm pochovan\u00e9 poklady.<\/p><p><em>Aptrgangr<\/em> naproti tomu opou\u0161t\u00ed hrob a vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017eiv\u00e9 v jejich domech. Pojem <em>draugr<\/em> se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 z\u010d\u00e1sti jako nad\u0159azen\u00fd v\u00fdraz, z\u010d\u00e1sti pro zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 aktivn\u00ed a zlovoln\u00e9 vete\u0161n\u00edky. Tato rozli\u0161en\u00ed v\u0161ak nejsou ve v\u0161ech pramenech dodr\u017eov\u00e1na d\u016fsledn\u011b.<\/p><p>Religionistick\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee za v\u0161emi t\u011bmito pojmy stoj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159edpoklad: smrt nekon\u010d\u00ed existenci \u00fapln\u011b a mrtv\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed pokra\u010dovat ve vlastn\u00ed, t\u011blesn\u011b ch\u00e1pan\u00e9 podob\u011b. \u010c\u00edm se mrtv\u00fd st\u00e1val vete\u0161n\u00edkem, nen\u00ed v pramenech \u0159e\u0161eno jednotn\u011b.<\/p><p>Uv\u00e1d\u00ed se zl\u00e1 povaha za \u017eivota, n\u00e1siln\u00e1 nebo nespravedliv\u00e1 smrt, chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed nebo chybn\u00fd poh\u0159eb i siln\u00e1 vazba na majetek nebo m\u00edsto. Tato rozmanitost spou\u0161t\u011b\u010d\u016f ukazuje, \u017ee v\u00edra ve vete\u0161n\u00edky nebyla uzav\u0159en\u00fdm naukov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem, n\u00fdbr\u017e souborem souvisej\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159edstav, kter\u00e9 byly v jednotliv\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edch r\u016fzn\u011b zd\u016fraz\u0148ov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpca98fb3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpca98fb3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp57e6230 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp57e6230\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Od st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9ho vete\u0161n\u00edka k modern\u00ed recepci<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe20db78 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpe20db78\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfe5f9a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpfe5f9a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u00edra v draugra nezmizela s koncem st\u0159edov\u011bku. V islandsk\u00e9 a obecn\u011b skandin\u00e1vsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 tradici p\u0159etrv\u00e1valy p\u0159edstavy o neklidn\u00e9m mrtv\u00e9m a\u017e do novov\u011bku, by\u0165 \u010dasto prom\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 a dopln\u011bn\u00e9 o nov\u00e9 rysy.<\/p><p>V n\u011bkter\u00fdch mlad\u0161\u00edch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edch se draugr spojuje s mo\u0159em a vystupuje jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e se p\u0159isuzuje p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> utonul\u00fdch, kter\u00fd ohro\u017euje \u017eiv\u00e9 na mo\u0159i. Tato n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed varianta je zn\u00e1ma p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z Norska a ukazuje, jak se z\u00e1kladn\u00ed postava p\u0159izp\u016fsobila \u017eivotu pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edho obyvatelstva.<\/p><p>V devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed se draugr d\u00edky z\u00e1pis\u016fm lidov\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed a rostouc\u00edmu z\u00e1jmu o starosevernu literaturu stal zn\u00e1m\u00fdm \u0161ir\u0161\u00edmu publiku. Spisovatel\u00e9 a sb\u011bratel\u00e9 se t\u00e9to l\u00e1tky chopili, a revenant si tak na\u0161el cestu do romantick\u00e9 a pozdn\u011b romantick\u00e9 poezie Skandin\u00e1vie.<\/p><p>V sou\u010dasnosti je draugr pevnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed popkultury. Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 hry, fantasy literatura a filmy tento pojem pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u010dasto ov\u0161em ve zna\u010dn\u011b zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9 podob\u011b nebo sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9 s jin\u00fdmi p\u0159edstavami o nemrtv\u00fdch.<\/p><p>Modern\u00ed hern\u00ed draugr je v\u011bt\u0161inou obecn\u00fd nemrtv\u00fd, kter\u00fd s p\u0159esn\u011b vymezenou postavou sag, v\u00e1zanou na pr\u00e1vo, m\u00edsto a poh\u0159eb, sd\u00edl\u00ed jen jm\u00e9no.<\/p><p>Z v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho hlediska je tento jev typick\u00fd: jasn\u011b ohrani\u010den\u00fd st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt v\u00edry se v modern\u00ed z\u00e1bav\u011b prom\u011b\u0148uje v pru\u017en\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span>, kter\u00fd ztr\u00e1c\u00ed sv\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9 a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed zakotven\u00ed. Kdo chce pochopit historick\u00e9ho draugra, mus\u00ed se proto obr\u00e1tit na sagy a b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed o <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145141\">germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 tradici<\/a>, nikoli na jeho dne\u0161n\u00ed podoby v m\u00e9di\u00edch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Doporu\u010den\u00e9 intern\u00ed odkazy:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145141\">Germ\u00e1nsk\u00fd<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145154\">Alp<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145156\">Nix<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145157\">Troll<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145158\">Mara<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145113\">Edimmu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145129\">Lemures<\/a> (paralely)<\/li><li>Slovansk\u00fd up\u00edr a historie up\u00edr\u016f<\/li><li>Islandsk\u00e9 sagy<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Odborn\u00e1 literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>V\u00fdb\u011br kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch prac\u00ed o draugrovi:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Byock, Jesse: <em>Viking Age Iceland<\/em>. London 2001.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Jakobsson, \u00c1rmann: \u201eThe Fearless Vampire Killers.&#8220; In: <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 kultura se zvyky, vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edmi a p\u00edsn\u011bmi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Folklore<\/span><\/em> 120 (2009).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Ellis Davidson, Hilda R.: <em>The Road to Hel<\/em>. Cambridge 1943.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Chadwick, Nora K.: \u201eNorse Ghosts. A Study in the Draugr and the Haugb\u00fai.&#8220; In: <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 kultura se zvyky, vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edmi a p\u00edsn\u011bmi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Folklore<\/span><\/em> 57 (1946).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Barber, Paul: <em>Vampires, Burial, and Death<\/em>. New Haven 1988.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dal\u0161\u00ed standardn\u00ed d\u00edla v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145257\">seznamu literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-draugr-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-draugr-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-draugr\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-draugr-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-draugr-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Zde popsan\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 praxe je v\u011bdeck\u00fdm za\u0159azen\u00edm historick\u00fdch tradic. iWell Guard navazuje na tuto kulturn\u011b-historickou linii nositeln\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a p\u0159edstavuje jejich sou\u010dasnou formu. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1661,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Draugr, seversk\u00fd revenant","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Draugr - Seversk\u00fd revenant, str\u00e1\u017ece mohyl","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Draugr je klasick\u00fd revenant staroseversk\u00e9 tradice. Zesnul\u00fd se vrac\u00ed ze sv\u00e9 mohyly","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"4","wesen_kultur":"germanisch","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145155","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Draugr - Seversk\u00fd revenant, str\u00e1\u017ece mohyl<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Draugr je klasick\u00fd revenant staroseversk\u00e9 tradice. 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