{"id":145154,"date":"2026-09-03T16:27:35","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:27:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145154"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:48:18","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:48:18","slug":"alp","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/alp\/","title":{"rendered":"Alp"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145154\" class=\"elementor elementor-145154 elementor-1028\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Alp, duch germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>No\u010dn\u00ed t\u00edsniv\u00fd duch n\u011bmeck\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 v\u00edry.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duch: Net\u011blesn\u00e1 nebo polo\u0442\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, zesnul\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed bytosti, dom\u00e1c\u00ed duchov\u00e9 nebo str\u00e1\u017eci prah\u016f. P\u016fsob\u00ed v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b, \u010dasto v\u00e1z\u00e1n na m\u00edsta nebo rodiny.\">Duch<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145141\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd sv\u011bt boh\u016f a duch\u016f severn\u00ed a st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy.\">Germ\u00e1nsk\u00fd<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_alp-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147566\" alt=\"Alp - Duchov\u00e9 germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 tradice, historicko-ilustrativn\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_alp-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_alp-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_alp-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_alp.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Alp<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Alp je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 tradice.<\/p><p>Alp je klasickou postavou <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145416\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Stav vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed, kdy je v\u011bdom\u00ed bd\u011bl\u00e9, ale t\u011blo je st\u00e1le ochromen\u00e9 REM atoni\u00ed; \u010dasto spojeno s halucinacemi.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 paral\u00fdzy<\/a> ve st\u0159edoevropsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e. Mal\u00fd, t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> si v noci sed\u00e1 na hrudn\u00edk sp\u00edc\u00edho, br\u00e1n\u00ed mu v d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed a vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 no\u010dn\u00ed d\u011bsy. N\u011bmeck\u00e9 slovo \u201eAlbtraum\u201c nese tuto postavu v jazyce dodnes, co\u017e je jedno z m\u00e1la st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch jmen d\u00e9mon\u016f, kter\u00e9 jazykov\u011b z\u016fstalo beze zmen\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Tradice<\/span> sah\u00e1 od st\u0159edohornon\u011bmeck\u00e9 literatury a pr\u00e1vn\u00edch pramen\u016f p\u0159es sb\u00edrky brat\u0159\u00ed Grimm\u016f a\u017e po modern\u00ed etnografick\u00e9 archivy. Alp je kulturn\u011b bl\u00edzce p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd s Mahr (p\u016fvodn\u011b \u017eensky pojatou postavou) a s anglick\u00fdm <em>mare<\/em> ve slov\u011b <em>nightmare<\/em>. Zah\u00e1n\u00ed se pomoc\u00ed znamen\u00ed na prahu dve\u0159\u00ed, no\u017ee pod pol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159em, modliteb a lidov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vac\u00edch formul\u00ed.<\/p><div><p><strong>St\u0159edohornon\u011bmeck\u00e9 prameny a Kladivo na \u010darod\u011bjnice<\/strong><\/p><p>Tradi\u010dn\u00ed linie postavy Alp lze vysledovat a\u017e do st\u0159edohornon\u011bmeck\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed. Wilhelm Grimm ve sv\u00fdch sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch zaznamenal zpr\u00e1vy o no\u010dn\u00edch d\u011bsech a no\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u00e1ch, p\u0159i nich\u017e si d\u00e9monick\u00e1 bytost sedla sp\u00edc\u00edmu na hrudn\u00edk a hrozila mu udu\u0161en\u00edm.<\/p><p>Samotn\u00fd v\u00fdraz se objevuje v r\u016fzn\u00fdch region\u00e1ln\u00edch variant\u00e1ch: <em>Alb<\/em> ve \u0160v\u00e1bsku, <em>Alp<\/em> v Bavorsku, <em>Elf<\/em> v Hol\u0161t\u00fdnsku. Tato variabilita sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o lidov\u00e9 tradici roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 po stalet\u00ed, v n\u00ed\u017e forma bytosti z\u016fst\u00e1vala stabiln\u00ed, ale n\u00e1zvy se region\u00e1ln\u011b li\u0161ily.<\/p><p>V d\u00edle <em>Malleus Maleficarum<\/em> (Heinrich Kramer a Jacob Sprenger, 1487) jsou pops\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edpady no\u010dn\u00edho su\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00e9monick\u00fdmi silami.<\/p><p>A\u010dkoli tam Alp nen\u00ed jmenovit\u011b zm\u00edn\u011bn, popsan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky (ochromen\u00ed, du\u0161nost, vize t\u00ed\u017eiv\u00e9 v\u00e1hy) odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed zpr\u00e1v\u00e1m z pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 kultura se zvyky, vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edmi a p\u00edsn\u011bmi.\" tabindex=\"0\">folkl\u00f3ru<\/span>. Pron\u00e1sledovatel\u00e9 \u010darod\u011bjnic v t\u011bchto jevech rozpozn\u00e1vali d\u00e9monickou intervenci, nikoli fyziologickou poruchu sp\u00e1nku, jak ji pozd\u011bji popsala medic\u00edna 19. stolet\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rychl\u00fd p\u0159ehled: Alp<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> No\u010dn\u00ed t\u00edsniv\u00fd duch, nositel no\u010dn\u00edch d\u011bs\u016f<br>P\u016fvod: Mal\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>, \u010dasto spojovan\u00fd se zesnul\u00fdmi nebo \u010darod\u011bjnicemi<br>Texty: st\u0159edohornon\u011bmeck\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed prameny, Grimm, etnografick\u00e9 sb\u00edrky<br>Obdob\u00ed: ran\u00fd st\u0159edov\u011bk a\u017e sou\u010dasnost (jazykov\u011b dodnes)<br>Obrana: pentagram, boty obr\u00e1cen\u00e9 naruby, n\u016f\u017e pod pol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159em<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Poprv\u00e9 dolo\u017eeno ve st\u0159edohornon\u011bmeck\u00e9 literatu\u0159e (P\u00edse\u0148 o Nibelung\u00e1ch, Walther) a v pr\u00e1vn\u00edch pramenech (\u0161kodliv\u00e1 magie). Bohat\u011b zdokumentov\u00e1no ve sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch 19. a 20. stolet\u00ed (Grimm, Wolf, M\u00fcller-Bergstr\u00f6m). Jako slovo p\u0159\u00edtomno dodnes v podob\u011b \u201eAlbtraum\u201c.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>N\u011bmecky mluv\u00edc\u00ed oblast; podobn\u00e9 postavy s jin\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny (Nachtmahr, Drude, Trud) v okoln\u00edch regionech. Anglick\u00e9 slovo <em>nightmare<\/em> vych\u00e1z\u00ed z varianty Mahr.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>St\u0159edohornon\u011bmeck\u00e9 texty, pr\u00e1vn\u00ed prameny (procesy s \u010darod\u011bjnictv\u00edm), Grimmova N\u011bmeck\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch dan\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span>, etnografick\u00e9 archivy 19.\/20. stolet\u00ed, modern\u00ed v\u00fdzkum sp\u00e1nku jako sekul\u00e1rn\u00ed pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a varianty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>St\u0159edohornon\u011bmecky:<\/strong> <em>alp<\/em>, <em>alb<\/em>. Etymologicky p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 se slovem \u201eelf\u201c, Alp je p\u016fvodn\u011b elf v negativn\u00ed funkci.<br>Region\u00e1ln\u00ed varianty: Trud\/Drud (bavorsky), Nachtmahr (roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9), Walrider, Doggeli (\u0161v\u00fdcarsky), Mart (dolnon\u011bmecky).<br>Anglicky: <em>mare<\/em> ve slov\u011b <em>nightmare<\/em>.<\/p><p>Ztoto\u017en\u011bn\u00ed Alp = elf p\u0159ekvap\u00ed jen na prvn\u00ed pohled: ve star\u0161\u00ed germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 p\u0159edstav\u011b byli elfov\u00e9 ambivalentn\u00ed bytosti, nikoli p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 postavy pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 kultura se zvyky, vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edmi a p\u00edsn\u011bmi.\" tabindex=\"0\">folkl\u00f3ru<\/span>. \u201eElfenschuss\u201c pro n\u00e1hl\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed do stejn\u00e9ho komplexu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charakteristiky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Podoba<\/strong><\/p><p>Mal\u00fd, t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd, \u010dasto nen\u00e1padn\u00fd. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch m\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed podobu, ko\u010dky, pavouka, lasice, n\u011bkdy pok\u0159iven\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nem\u00e1 pevn\u011b stanovenou obrazovou formu, sp\u00ed\u0161e je vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako t\u00edha a tlak.<\/p><p><strong>Chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>P\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed v noci kl\u00ed\u010dovou d\u00edrkou, kom\u00ednem, \u0161kv\u00edrou ve dve\u0159\u00edch. Used\u00e1 na hrudn\u00edk sp\u00edc\u00edho, odn\u00edm\u00e1 mu dech a schopnost pohybu. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00edky, prosbu nebo uct\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ob\u011b\u0165<\/span> nem\u016f\u017ee k\u0159i\u010det, nem\u016f\u017ee uprchnout. Podle dne\u0161n\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu sp\u00e1nku se jedn\u00e1 o klasickou symptomatiku <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145416\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Stav vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed, kdy v\u011bdom\u00ed procit\u00e1, ale t\u011blo je je\u0161t\u011b ochromeno REM atoni\u00ed.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 paral\u00fdzy<\/a>.<\/p><p><strong>Oblast p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>M\u00edsto sp\u00e1nku, zejm\u00e9na v ur\u010dit\u00fdch noc\u00edch (mezn\u00ed dny, \u00fapln\u011bk). Ve venkovsk\u00fdch tradic\u00edch tak\u00e9 kon\u011b: Alp v noci \u201ejezd\u00ed&#8220; na koni, r\u00e1no m\u00e1 k\u016f\u0148 zamotanou h\u0159\u00edvu.<\/p><p><strong>Mytologick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>P\u016fvodn\u011b elf\u00ed bytost, v lidov\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e se prom\u011bnila v ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00edho t\u00edsn\u00edc\u00edho ducha. V k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9m p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed byla \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b ch\u00e1p\u00e1na jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, j\u00ed\u017e se p\u0159isuzuje \u0161kodliv\u00e9 nebo rozporn\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mon<\/span> nebo jako du\u0161e \u010darod\u011bjnice. V modern\u00edm v\u00fdkladu je <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145416\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Stav bd\u011blosti p\u0159i svalov\u00e9 REM atonii; celosv\u011btov\u011b vykl\u00e1dan\u00fd jako zku\u0161enost s duchy (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari) \u2013 neurologicky vysv\u011btliteln\u00fd.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">sp\u00e1nkov\u00e1 paral\u00fdza<\/a> ch\u00e1p\u00e1na jako neurologick\u00fd jev.<\/p><div><p><strong>Sp\u00e1nkov\u00e1 paral\u00fdza a kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdklad<\/strong><\/p><p>Modern\u00ed medic\u00edna zn\u00e1 tento stav jako <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145416\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Stav bd\u011blosti p\u0159i svalov\u00e9 REM atonii; celosv\u011btov\u011b vykl\u00e1dan\u00fd jako zku\u0161enost s duchy (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari) \u2013 neurologicky vysv\u011btliteln\u00fd.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">sp\u00e1nkovou paral\u00fdzu<\/a> nebo <em>isolated sleep paralysis<\/em>. Vyskytuje se, kdy\u017e v\u011bdom\u00ed procitne b\u011bhem REM sp\u00e1nku, ale t\u011blo je st\u00e1le ochromeno p\u0159irozenou ochranou svalov\u00e9ho tonu snu. Pacienti popisuj\u00ed halucinace, du\u0161nost a pocit t\u00ed\u017eiv\u00e9 v\u00e1hy na hrudi.<\/p><p>Kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdklad kol\u00edsal mezi nadp\u0159irozen\u00fdm a medic\u00ednsk\u00fdm podle epochy a regionu. V n\u011bmecky mluv\u00edc\u00edch zem\u00edch z\u016fstal Alp dlouho p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm vysv\u011btlen\u00edm pro tyto jevy. David Hufford zdokumentoval ve sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci <em>The Terror that Comes in the Night<\/em> (1982) fenomenologickou st\u00e1lost t\u011bchto zku\u0161enost\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d kulturami.<\/p><p>Tradi\u010dn\u00ed linie Alpa nezanikly se sekularizac\u00ed, ale byly reinterpretov\u00e1ny. Psychologick\u00e1 a terapeutick\u00e1 literatura 20. stolet\u00ed se z\u010d\u00e1sti op\u00edrala o sb\u00edrky <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdn\u00ed obor zkoumaj\u00edc\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00ed kulturu, zvyky a tradovan\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e1rodopisu<\/span>, aby historicky zasadila poruchy sp\u00e1nku do kontextu. Alp z\u016fstal kulturn\u00edm archivem nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho, kter\u00e9 se zprvu vymykalo racion\u00e1ln\u00edmu vysv\u011btlen\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Alp<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekty bytosti Alp na jeden pohled.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tradice<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Poch\u00e1z\u00ed z germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy elf\u016f; v lidov\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e se prom\u011bnil v ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00edho t\u00edsn\u00edc\u00edho ducha. V k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9m p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed byl ch\u00e1p\u00e1n \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, j\u00ed\u017e se p\u0159isuzuje \u0161kodliv\u00e9 nebo rozporn\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mon<\/span>, \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b jako du\u0161e \u010darod\u011bjnice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00edlov\u00e1 skupina Alpa<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sp\u00edc\u00ed lid\u00e9, zejm\u00e9na v poloze na z\u00e1dech. Ve venkovsk\u00e9 tradici tak\u00e9 kon\u011b ve st\u00e1ji.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forma<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mal\u00fd, t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd, neforemn\u00fd. M\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed podobu (ko\u010dka, pavouk, lasice). \u010casto je vn\u00edm\u00e1n sp\u00ed\u0161e jako tlak ne\u017e vid\u011bn.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tlak na hrudi, neschopnost pohybu, du\u0161nost, intenzivn\u00ed no\u010dn\u00ed d\u011bsy. Modern\u00ed v\u00fdklad: <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145416\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Stav bd\u011blosti p\u0159i svalov\u00e9 REM atonii; celosv\u011btov\u011b vykl\u00e1dan\u00fd jako zku\u0161enost s duchy (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari) \u2013 neurologicky vysv\u011btliteln\u00fd.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">sp\u00e1nkov\u00e1 paral\u00fdza<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Formy ochrany<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Drudova noha (pentagram) na dve\u0159\u00edch a u postele, obr\u00e1cen\u00e9 boty p\u0159ed postel\u00ed, n\u016f\u017e s ost\u0159\u00edm nahoru pod pol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159em, t\u0159ezalka pod postel\u00ed, modlitby.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely k Alpovi<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mahr, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145112\">Lil\u016b a Lil\u012btu<\/a>, Empusa, Strix, slovansk\u00e1 Kikimora, modern\u00ed v\u00fdzkum <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145416\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Stav bd\u011blosti p\u0159i svalov\u00e9 REM atonii; celosv\u011btov\u011b vykl\u00e1dan\u00fd jako zku\u0161enost s duchy (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari) \u2013 neurologicky vysv\u011btliteln\u00fd.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 paral\u00fdzy<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e1 praxe<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ochrana prahu a l\u016f\u017eka<\/strong><\/p><p>Drudova noha (pentagram s jedn\u00edm c\u00edpem sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edm nahoru) na dve\u0159\u00edch nebo nad postel\u00ed. Obr\u00e1cen\u00e9 boty p\u0159ed postel\u00ed Alpa zmatou. N\u016f\u017e s ost\u0159\u00edm nahoru pod pol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159em, tradi\u010dn\u011b dosv\u011bd\u010den v cel\u00e9 st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b.<\/p><p><strong>Slovn\u00ed formule<\/strong><\/p><p>Kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i us\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed. Alp m\u00e1 b\u00fdt vyvol\u00e1n jm\u00e9nem, pot\u00e9 mus\u00ed volaj\u00edc\u00edmu sd\u011blit sv\u00e9 jm\u00e9no a zmiz\u00ed. Lidov\u00e1 v\u00edra znala \u201evyvol\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed Alpa&#8220; jako obrannou praxi.<\/p><p><strong>Ochrana kon\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Ve st\u00e1ji: podkovy, alpsk\u00e9 zrc\u00e1tko (leskl\u00fd kovov\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt), ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed lucerny. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech se koni nasazoval obojek s rolni\u010dkami, Alp se b\u00e1l zvon\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely a modern\u00ed v\u00fdklad<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Celosv\u011btov\u00e9 paralely:<\/strong> Lil\u016b\/Lil\u012btu v Mezopot\u00e1mii, Empusa v \u0158ecku, Strix v \u0158\u00edm\u011b, Kikimora ve slovansk\u00e9m prostoru, Baba Jaga v n\u011bkter\u00fdch no\u010dn\u00edch podob\u00e1ch. V\u0161ude stejn\u00e1 struktura: \u017eensk\u00fd nebo drobn\u00fd no\u010dn\u00ed duch, kter\u00fd obt\u011b\u017euje sp\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p><p><strong>V\u00fdzkum sp\u00e1nku:<\/strong> Modern\u00ed v\u00fdzkum ve sp\u00e1nkov\u00fdch laborato\u0159\u00edch identifikuje tuto symptomatiku jako <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145416\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Stav bd\u011blosti p\u0159i svalov\u00e9 REM atonii; celosv\u011btov\u011b vykl\u00e1dan\u00fd jako z\u00e1\u017eitek s duchem (Mahr, Old Hag, Kana\u0161ibari) \u2013 neurologicky vysv\u011btliteln\u00fd.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">sp\u00e1nkovou paral\u00fdzu<\/a>, p\u0159echod z REM sp\u00e1nku, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00ed svalov\u00e1 atonie a v\u011bdom\u00ed. Etnologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum ukazuje nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d kulturami stejn\u00e9 fenomenologick\u00e9 popisy z\u00e1\u017eitku.<\/p><p><strong>Reflexe:<\/strong> Alp \u017eije jazykov\u011b dodnes ve slov\u011b \u201eAlbtraum&#8220; (no\u010dn\u00ed d\u011bs). F\u00fcssliho slavn\u00fd obraz \u201eNo\u010dn\u00ed d\u011bs&#8220; (1781) je nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm um\u011bleck\u00fdm zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm. Modern\u00ed hororov\u00e1 literatura a film toto <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> p\u0159eb\u00edraj\u00ed.<\/p><div><p><strong>P\u0159\u00edbuznost s Mahr a jin\u00fdmi no\u010dn\u00edmi duchy<\/strong><\/p><p>Alp je bl\u00edzce p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd s <em>Mahr<\/em>; oba jsou no\u010dn\u00ed duchov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed sedaj\u00ed na sp\u00edc\u00ed lidi a p\u016fsob\u00ed jim \u00fazkost. Rozd\u00edl \u010dasto spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 jen v rodu a regionu: kde se objevuje Alp (v mu\u017esk\u00e9m nebo st\u0159edn\u00edm rod\u011b), m\u016f\u017ee v sousedn\u00edch oblastech tot\u00e9\u017e jevem vysv\u011btlovat Mahr (v \u017eensk\u00e9m rod\u011b).<\/p><p>Skandin\u00e1vsk\u00e9 prot\u011bj\u0161ky jako norsk\u00fd <em>Mareritt<\/em> a islandsk\u00fd <em>Mara<\/em> ukazuj\u00ed na germ\u00e1nsk\u00fd ko\u0159en, kter\u00fd se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il po severn\u00ed a st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b.<\/p><p>Ve srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm zp\u016fsobem a bez vazby na v\u00edru.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistice<\/span> se Alp n\u011bkdy klasifikuje jako podtyp d\u00e9mon\u016f, \u010dasto je v\u0161ak ch\u00e1p\u00e1n i jako samostatn\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda bytost\u00ed, proto\u017ee m\u00edstn\u00ed v\u00e1zanost a opakovatelnost z\u00e1\u017eitk\u016f p\u016fsob\u00ed charakteristi\u010dt\u011bji ne\u017e abstraktn\u00ed zlovolnost klasick\u00e9ho d\u00e9mona. Toto vymezen\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v odborn\u00e9 literatu\u0159e p\u0159edm\u011btem diskuse.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9cdd254 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9cdd254\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpebbec9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpebbec9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Alp a slovo Albtraum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfab36f7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpfab36f7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpac5f837 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpac5f837\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejz\u0159eteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stopu, kterou <em>Alp<\/em> zanechal v dne\u0161n\u00edm jazyce, je slovo <em>Albtraum<\/em>, vedle star\u0161\u00edho pravopisu <em>Alptraum<\/em>. Znamen\u00e1 doslova sen, kter\u00fd Alp zp\u016fsobuje.<\/p><p>Toto jazykov\u00e9 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vede p\u0159\u00edmo k j\u00e1dru p\u0159edstavy o Alpovi: Alp je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm duch t\u00ed\u017ee, bytost, kter\u00e1 si v noci sed\u00e1 na sp\u00edc\u00edho, t\u00ed\u017e\u00ed mu hru\u010f a zp\u016fsobuje mu tak t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9, \u00fazkostn\u00e9 sny a pocit du\u0161en\u00ed a paral\u00fdzy.<\/p><p>Slovn\u00ed rodina sah\u00e1 hluboko do minulosti. Souvis\u00ed se staroseversk\u00fdm <em>alfr<\/em>, kter\u00e9 ozna\u010duje elfy nebo alby, a s anglick\u00fdm <em>elf<\/em>.<\/p><p>V angli\u010dtin\u011b star\u00e1 p\u0159edstava p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ve slov\u011b <em>nightmare<\/em>, jeho\u017e druh\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st <em>mare<\/em> pat\u0159\u00ed ke stejn\u00e9mu ko\u0159eni jako n\u011bmeck\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145158\">Mahr<\/a>. Tyto mezijazykov\u00e9 souvislosti ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159edstava no\u010dn\u00ed t\u00ed\u017eiv\u00e9 bytosti byla v germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 oblasti velmi star\u00e1 a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1.<\/p><p>Jazykov\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee Alp z\u0159ejm\u011b p\u016fvodn\u011b pat\u0159il k alb\u016fm, tedy k cel\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch bytost\u00ed, a teprve pozd\u011bji se jeho v\u00fdznam z\u00fa\u017eil na specifickou funkci no\u010dn\u00edho obt\u011b\u017eovatele.<\/p><p>V\u00fdzkum germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch dan\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span> a historick\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 lidovou kulturu, zvyky a tradovan\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy.\" tabindex=\"0\">etnografie<\/span> uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee se v\u00fdznam slova n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t prom\u011bnil, od obecn\u00e9 duchovn\u00ed bytosti p\u0159es ducha t\u00ed\u017ee a\u017e po dne\u0161n\u00ed, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b p\u0159enesen\u00fd v\u00fdznam ve slov\u011b <em>Albtraum<\/em>.<\/p><p>Alp je tak p\u0159\u00edkladem toho, jak mytologick\u00e1 p\u0159edstava p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 v jazyce dlouho pot\u00e9, co v\u00edra v samotnou bytost vyprchala.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp383e27c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp383e27c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd33fc94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpd33fc94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sp\u00e1nkov\u00e1 paral\u00fdza: l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 j\u00e1dro star\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp488d917 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp488d917\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1274817 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp1274817\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>P\u0159edstava Alpa je \u010dasto zkouman\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem toho, jak je re\u00e1ln\u00e1 t\u011blesn\u00e1 zku\u0161enost kulturn\u011b vykl\u00e1d\u00e1na. Z\u00e1\u017eitek, na kter\u00e9m je vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o Alpovi zalo\u017eeno, se v mnoha ohledech shoduje s t\u00edm, co dne\u0161n\u00ed sp\u00e1nkov\u00e1 medic\u00edna popisuje jako sp\u00e1nkovou paral\u00fdzu.<\/p><p>V\u011bdom\u00ed se probouz\u00ed, zat\u00edmco svalov\u00e9 ochabnut\u00ed typick\u00e9 pro snov\u00fd sp\u00e1nek je\u0161t\u011b trv\u00e1. Posti\u017een\u00fd je p\u0159i v\u011bdom\u00ed, ale nem\u016f\u017ee se h\u00fdbat, \u010dasto poci\u0165uje tlak na hrudi, du\u0161nost a strach, a nez\u0159\u00eddka se k tomu p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 vjem ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti v m\u00edstnosti.<\/p><p>Tento z\u00e1\u017eitek je dolo\u017een ve v\u0161ech kultur\u00e1ch a epoch\u00e1ch a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy byl vysv\u011btlov\u00e1n \u00fato\u010d\u00edc\u00ed bytost\u00ed. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 tradice ho vykl\u00e1dala jako d\u00edlo Alpa, jin\u00e9 kultury znaj\u00ed srovnateln\u00e9 duchy t\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p><p>Kulturn\u011b srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed v\u00fdzkum sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 paral\u00fdzy uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee z\u00e1kladn\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky jsou n\u00e1padn\u011b st\u00e1l\u00e9, zat\u00edmco v\u00fdklad se od kultury ke kultu\u0159e li\u0161\u00ed. Bytost, kterou \u010dlov\u011bk vn\u00edm\u00e1, nese v\u017edy rysy, kter\u00e9 j\u00ed d\u00e1v\u00e1 m\u00edstn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdomost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed mezi generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span>.<\/p><p>Toto pozn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edstavu o Alpovi nezleh\u010duje, naopak ji teprve d\u011bl\u00e1 pochopitelnou. Vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d byla v\u00edra v Alpa tak roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 a tak trval\u00e1: zakl\u00e1dala se na opakovan\u00e9m, siln\u00e9m z\u00e1\u017eitku, pro kter\u00fd p\u0159ed modern\u00edm v\u00fdzkumem sp\u00e1nku neexistovalo jin\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed.<\/p><p>Etnologick\u00fd a religionistick\u00fd pohled tak vid\u00ed v Alpovi uk\u00e1zkov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad propojen\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti a kulturn\u00edho v\u00fdkladu. Z\u00e1\u017eitek byl skute\u010dn\u00fd, vysv\u011btluj\u00edc\u00ed bytost byla kulturn\u00ed konstrukc\u00ed, a oboj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159elo po stalet\u00ed stabiln\u00ed komplex v\u00edry.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp58c2f6a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp58c2f6a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf7a02cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf7a02cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy a Mahr<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5e6a3ee e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5e6a3ee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdb6f9e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpdb6f9e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Alp nestoj\u00ed osam\u011ble, ale pat\u0159\u00ed k okruhu \u00fazce p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch p\u0159edstav o no\u010dn\u00edm t\u00edsniv\u00e9m duchu. Nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuznou je <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145158\">Mahr<\/a>, kter\u00e1 ve velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti n\u011bmeck\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 oblasti pln\u00ed stejnou funkci: tiskne sp\u00edc\u00edho, jezd\u00ed na n\u011bm, t\u00ed\u017e\u00ed mu hru\u010f.<\/p><p>V n\u011bkter\u00fdch regionech se oba pojmy u\u017e\u00edvaly soub\u011b\u017en\u011b, jinde p\u0159eva\u017eoval jeden nebo druh\u00fd. Toto region\u00e1ln\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed je dob\u0159e zdokumentovanou oblast\u00ed historick\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 kulturu v\u0161edn\u00edho dne, zvyky a tradovan\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy.\" tabindex=\"0\">folkloristiky<\/span>.<\/p><p>Pro cel\u00fd tento okruh p\u0159edstav je charakteristick\u00e9 prol\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkolika obraz\u016f. T\u00edsniv\u00fd duch je ch\u00e1p\u00e1n jednou jako samostatn\u00e1 duchovn\u00ed bytost, jednou jako vyslan\u00e1 du\u0161e \u017eij\u00edc\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd v\u011bdom\u011b \u010di nev\u011bdom\u011b tr\u00fdzn\u00ed ostatn\u00ed.<\/p><p>V tomto druh\u00e9m v\u00fdkladu se p\u0159edstava o Alpovi spojuje s v\u00edrou v \u010darod\u011bjnictv\u00ed: ur\u010dit\u00e1 osoba ve vsi mohla b\u00fdt podez\u0159\u00edv\u00e1na, \u017ee k druh\u00fdm chod\u00ed jako Alp. No\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1\u017eitek se tak st\u00e1val spole\u010densk\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem, kter\u00fd mohl v obci vyvolat podez\u0159en\u00ed a p\u0159isuzov\u00e1n\u00ed viny.<\/p><p>Z tohoto sv\u011bta p\u0159edstav se vysv\u011btluj\u00ed i tradovan\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 prost\u0159edky a jejich logika. Proto\u017ee Alp pronikal dovnit\u0159 otvorem, d\u00edrou po suku nebo \u0161kv\u00edrou, m\u011bly se takov\u00e9 otvory uzav\u00edrat.<\/p><p>Proto\u017ee ho bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edtat, pom\u00e1halo mu ulo\u017eit \u00fakol, kter\u00fd se d\u00e1 po\u010d\u00edtat. Proto\u017ee musel p\u0159i odchodu pou\u017e\u00edt stejnou cestu, dalo se ho chytit tak, \u017ee se ucpal vstup.<\/p><p>Tyto prost\u0159edky maj\u00ed smysl jen na pozad\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho modelu, jak Alp p\u016fsob\u00ed. Religionistick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum proto tyto ochrann\u00e9 praktiky \u010dte jako kl\u00ed\u010d k z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159edstav\u011b: z toho, co se proti Alpovi d\u011blalo, lze rekonstruovat, co si o n\u011bm lid\u00e9 mysleli.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Doporu\u010den\u00e9 intern\u00ed odkazy:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145141\">Germ\u00e1nsk\u00fd<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145158\">Mahr<\/a> (bl\u00edzk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbuzenstv\u00ed), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145155\">Draugr<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145156\">Nix<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145157\">Troll<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145112\">Lil\u016b a Lil\u012btu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145125\">Empusa<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145416\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bd\u011bl\u00fd stav p\u0159i svalov\u00e9 REM atonii; celosv\u011btov\u011b vykl\u00e1d\u00e1n jako duchovn\u00ed z\u00e1\u017eitek (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari) \u2013 neurologicky vysv\u011btliteln\u00fd.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">Sp\u00e1nkov\u00e1 paral\u00fdza<\/a>-v\u00fdzkum<\/li><li>F\u00fcssli, \u201eDer Nachtmahr&#8220;<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Odborn\u00e1 literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>V\u00fdb\u011br kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch prac\u00ed k t\u00e9matu Alp\/Mahr:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Grimm, Jacob: <em>Deutsche Mythologie<\/em>. 4. Aufl. Berlin 1875, 1878.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Hufford, David J.: <em>The Terror That Comes in the Night: An Experience-Centered Study of Supernatural Assault Traditions<\/em>. Philadelphia 1982 (<a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145416\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bd\u011bl\u00fd stav p\u0159i svalov\u00e9 REM atonii; celosv\u011btov\u011b vykl\u00e1d\u00e1n jako duchovn\u00ed z\u00e1\u017eitek (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari) \u2013 neurologicky vysv\u011btliteln\u00fd.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">sp\u00e1nkov\u00e1 paral\u00fdza<\/a> a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 kultura se zvyky, vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edmi a p\u00edsn\u011bmi.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklor<\/span>).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Roscher, Wilhelm Heinrich: <em>Ephialtes. Eine pathologisch-mythologische Abhandlung<\/em>. Leipzig 1900.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Ranft, Michael: <em>Tractat von dem Kauen und Schmatzen der Todten<\/em>. Leipzig 1734 (historicky).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dal\u0161\u00ed standardn\u00ed d\u00edla v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145257\">seznamu literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-alp-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-alp-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-alp\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-alp-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-alp-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Zde popsan\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 praxe je v\u011bdeck\u00fdm za\u0159azen\u00edm historick\u00fdch tradic. iWell Guard navazuje na tuto kulturn\u011b-historickou linii nositeln\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a p\u0159edstavuje jejich sou\u010dasnou formu. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a453185 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a453185\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5511186 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5511186\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>\u010cast\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky k Alpovi<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Co je Alp v germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Soubor tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span>?<\/h3><p>Alp je no\u010dn\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00fd duch germ\u00e1nsko-n\u011bmeck\u00e9 tradice, kter\u00fd se usazuje na hrudi sp\u00edc\u00edch lid\u00ed a zp\u016fsobuje no\u010dn\u00ed hr\u016fzy.<\/p><p>Od Alpa se odvozuje i slovo &#8218;Albtraum&#8216; (star\u0161\u00ed doklad: &#8218;Alpdruck&#8216;). V modern\u00edm v\u00fdzkumu sp\u00e1nku se tento jev ozna\u010duje jako sp\u00e1nkov\u00e1 paral\u00fdza, tedy p\u0159echodn\u00e1 ztr\u00e1ta schopnosti pohybu p\u0159i p\u0159echodu do REM sp\u00e1nku, \u010dasto doprov\u00e1zen\u00e1 pocitem tlaku, du\u0161nost\u00ed a velmi \u017eiv\u00fdmi halucinacemi.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Jak se lid\u00e9 v lidov\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e chr\u00e1nili p\u0159ed Alpem?<\/h3><p>Klasick\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 medic\u00edna znala \u0159adu ochrann\u00fdch praktik: postavit boty obr\u00e1cen\u011b p\u0159ed postel, vlo\u017eit otev\u0159en\u00fd n\u016f\u017e pod pol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159, zap\u00edchnout do postele \u017eeleznou jehlu, p\u0159ed span\u00edm se modlit Ot\u010den\u00e1\u0161, namalovat na dve\u0159e pentagram.<\/p><p>V severn\u00edm N\u011bmecku byl Alp vyh\u00e1n\u011bn tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edkankou (&#8218;Albe, albe, jdi pry\u010d, sem nepat\u0159\u00ed\u0161.&#8216;). Tradice Schwarzwaldu znala Alp-kamenn\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span>: bezov\u00fdm kol\u00edkem provrtan\u00fdm kamenem u nohy postele.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Co je Alp v germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 mytologii?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Alp je no\u010dn\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00fd duch germ\u00e1nsko-n\u011bmeck\u00e9 tradice, kter\u00fd se usazuje na hrudi sp\u00edc\u00edch lid\u00ed a zp\u016fsobuje no\u010dn\u00ed hr\u016fzy.Od Alpa se odvozuje i slovo 'Albtraum' (star\u0161\u00ed doklad: 'Alpdruck'). V modern\u00edm v\u00fdzkumu sp\u00e1nku se tento jev ozna\u010duje jako sp\u00e1nkov\u00e1 paral\u00fdza, tedy p\u0159echodn\u00e1 ztr\u00e1ta schopnosti pohybu p\u0159i p\u0159echodu do REM sp\u00e1nku, \u010dasto doprov\u00e1zen\u00e1 pocitem tlaku, du\u0161nost\u00ed a velmi \u017eiv\u00fdmi halucinacemi.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Jak se lid\u00e9 v lidov\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e chr\u00e1nili p\u0159ed Alpem?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Klasick\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 medic\u00edna znala \u0159adu ochrann\u00fdch praktik: postavit boty obr\u00e1cen\u011b p\u0159ed postel, vlo\u017eit otev\u0159en\u00fd n\u016f\u017e pod pol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159, zap\u00edchnout do postele \u017eeleznou jehlu, p\u0159ed span\u00edm se modlit Ot\u010den\u00e1\u0161, namalovat na dve\u0159e pentagram.V severn\u00edm N\u011bmecku byl Alp vyh\u00e1n\u011bn tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edkankou ('Albe, albe, jdi pry\u010d, sem nepat\u0159\u00ed\u0161.'). Tradice Schwarzwaldu znala Alp-kamenn\u00fd ritu\u00e1l: bezov\u00fdm kol\u00edkem provrtan\u00fdm kamenem u nohy postele.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1660,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Alp","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Alp - No\u010dn\u00ed t\u00edsniv\u00fd duch n\u011bmeck\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 v\u00edry","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Alp je klasickou postavou sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 paral\u00fdzy ve st\u0159edoevropsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e: mal\u00fd, t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd duch, kter\u00fd si v noci sed\u00e1 na 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