{"id":145144,"date":"2026-09-03T16:27:29","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:27:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145144"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:48:00","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:48:00","slug":"satan","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/satan\/","title":{"rendered":"Satan"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145144\" class=\"elementor elementor-145144 elementor-1018\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Satan, b\u016fh k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Protivn\u00edk, hlavn\u00ed postava k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 demonologie.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh \/ bohyn\u011b: Zosobn\u011bn\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc v panteonu kultury, s jasn\u00fdmi oblastmi p\u016fsobnosti, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edly, osud, v\u00e1lka, plodnost. Uct\u00edvan\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kult\u016f, ob\u011bt\u00ed a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch instituc\u00ed.\">B\u016fh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145139\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"K\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1 tradice s jej\u00edmi and\u011bly, d\u00e9mony a mystick\u00fdmi bytostmi.\">K\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145232\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00edly chaosu a kosmi\u010dt\u00ed protivn\u00edci, prot\u011bj\u0161ky v n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-historick\u00e9m dualismu.\">Anti-b\u016fh<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg 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0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_satan-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147657\" alt=\"Satan \u2013 bohov\u00e9 z k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 tradice, historicko-ilustrativn\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_satan-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_satan-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_satan-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_satan.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Satan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Satan je centr\u00e1ln\u00ed postavou protivn\u00edka v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 tradici. Od hebrejsk\u00e9ho <em>ha-satan<\/em> (\u201e\u017ealobce\u201c) v knize Job a\u017e po zosobn\u011bn\u00e9ho \u201e\u010f\u00e1bla\u201c Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 prom\u011bna v\u00fdznamu, od funk\u010dn\u00ed role u Bo\u017e\u00edho tr\u016fnu k padl\u00e9mu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nebesk\u00e1 poselsk\u00e1 bytost Boha.\" tabindex=\"0\">and\u011blu<\/span> a p\u00e1nu pekla. V patristice a ve st\u0159edov\u011bku se st\u00e1v\u00e1 kosmick\u00fdm protivn\u00edkem a v\u016fdcem v\u0161ech d\u00e9mon\u016f.<\/p><p>Strukturn\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 Satan v monoteistick\u00e9m r\u00e1mci: je stvo\u0159en\u00edm, nikoli protibohem. Jeho moc je odvozen\u00e1 a nakonec p\u0159ekonateln\u00e1. P\u0159esto rozv\u00edj\u00ed obrovskou ikonografickou a narativn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost, v um\u011bn\u00ed, literatu\u0159e (Dante, Milton, Goethe) i v popkultu\u0159e, kde se prom\u011b\u0148uje z pekeln\u00e9ho monstra v tragicko-rebelskou postavu.<\/p><div><p><strong>N\u00e1bo\u017eensko-historick\u00e9 vrstvy<\/strong><\/p><p>Satan nen\u00ed jednotn\u00e1 postava, n\u00fdbr\u017e n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-historick\u00fd vrstven\u00fd komplex nejm\u00e9n\u011b \u010dty\u0159 r\u016fzn\u00fdch tradi\u010dn\u00edch lini\u00ed. \u017didovsk\u00e1 vrstva (Tanach) ukazuje <em>ha-satan<\/em> jako \u201e\u017ealobce\u201c u nebesk\u00e9ho tr\u016fnu, s pozitivn\u00ed funkc\u00ed uvnit\u0159 bo\u017esk\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy (Job 1, 2, Zachari\u00e1\u0161 3, Numeri 22).<\/p><p>Mezitestamentn\u00ed vrstva (1. kniha Henochova, Kniha jubile\u00ed, Testamenty dvan\u00e1cti patriarch\u016f) tuto postavu osamostat\u0148uje a spojuje ji s padl\u00fdmi str\u00e1\u017eci z Genesis 6. Novoz\u00e1konn\u00ed vrstva d\u011bl\u00e1 z \u017ealobce hlavn\u00edho nep\u0159\u00edtele Krista a c\u00edrkve (Matou\u0161 4, Luk\u00e1\u0161 4, Apokalypsa 12, 20).<\/p><p>Patristick\u00e1 a st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e1 vrstva rozv\u00edj\u00ed tuto koncepci do vypracovan\u00e9 demonologie, v n\u00ed\u017e je Satan nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm velitelem padl\u00fdch <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nebesk\u00e1 poselsk\u00e1 bytost Boha.\" tabindex=\"0\">and\u011bl\u016f<\/span>.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stru\u010dn\u00fd profil: Satan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> hlavn\u00ed protivn\u00edk, padl\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nebesk\u00e1 poselsk\u00e1 bytost Boha.\" tabindex=\"0\">and\u011bl<\/span><br>P\u016fvod: p\u016fvodn\u011b bo\u017esk\u00fd \u017ealobce; pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tradice: p\u00e1d Lucifera<br>Texty: Job, evangelia, Zjeven\u00ed, patristika, scholastika<br>Obdob\u00ed: 1. stol. n. l. a\u017e sou\u010dasnost<br>Ochrana: sv\u00e1tosti, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed vym\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed ducha nebo d\u00e9mona vn\u00edman\u00e9ho jako \u0161kodliv\u00fd.\" tabindex=\"0\">exorcismus<\/span>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jazykov\u00e9 obr\u00e1cen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka k bo\u017estvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">modlitba<\/span>, vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed svat\u00fdch<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klaerung1777534989 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klaerung1777534989\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klar1777534989 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"klar1777534989\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><em><strong>Odli\u0161en\u00ed od Leviatana:<\/strong> Na rozd\u00edl od <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145147\">Leviatana<\/a>, kosmick\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 potvory jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolu<\/span> neovl\u00e1dan\u00e9ho chaosu, je Satan <strong>zosobn\u011bn\u00e1 postava<\/strong>, protivn\u00edk, kter\u00fd vstupuje do dialogu s Bohem a s lidmi a v judaisticko-k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 tradici vystupuje jako jednaj\u00edc\u00ed akt\u00e9r.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ve Star\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b jako \u201e\u017ealobce\u201c (Job, Zachari\u00e1\u0161), bez jasn\u00e9ho osobn\u00edho vymezen\u00ed. V Nov\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b jako jednozna\u010dn\u011b zl\u00fd protivn\u00edk (poku\u0161en\u00ed Jezukrista, Zjeven\u00ed). Patristika a st\u0159edov\u011bk postavu systematicky rozv\u00edjej\u00ed. Reformace a novov\u011bk ji reinterpretuj\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z v\u00fdchodn\u00edho St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed se s k\u0159es\u0165anskou misi\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed do cel\u00e9ho obydlen\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1 oblast vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vlastn\u00ed lidov\u00e9 obrazy Satana, kter\u00e9 m\u00edsty p\u0159ej\u00edmaj\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed d\u00e9monick\u00e9 tradice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon, apokalypsy, patristick\u00e9 homilie, st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e1 vizion\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 literatura (Tundal, Dante), sb\u00edrky exempel, grimo\u00e1ry, procesy s \u010darod\u011bjnicemi, Milton a Goethe v literatu\u0159e.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a varianty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Hebrejsky:<\/strong> <em>ha-satan<\/em> (\u201e\u017ealobce\u201c, Job).<br>\u0158ecky: <em>ho Satanas<\/em>, <em>ho diabolos<\/em> (\u201eten, kdo p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed zmatek\u201c).<br>Latinsky: <em>Satanas<\/em>, <em>diabolus<\/em>.<br>P\u0159\u00edzviska: kn\u00ed\u017ee tohoto sv\u011bta, otec l\u017ei, star\u00fd had, drak, Belzebub.<\/p><p>Mno\u017estv\u00ed jmen odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed proces, v n\u011bm\u017e se Satan stal sb\u011brnou postavou r\u016fzn\u00fdch tradic. Identifikace s Luciferem (Iz 14, pozdn\u00ed), s prvotn\u00edm hadem (Gen 3, novoz\u00e1konn\u00ed), s Belzebubem (evangelia) a s drakem (Zjeven\u00ed) vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed souvislou person\u00e1ln\u00ed postavu, je\u017e p\u016fvodn\u011b sest\u00e1vala z jednotliv\u00fdch d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch aspekt\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Povahov\u00e9 rysy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Vzhled<\/strong><\/p><p>V Nov\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b bez popisu podoby, \u201echod\u00ed kolem jako \u0159vouc\u00ed lev&#8220; (1. Petr 5,8), \u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nebesk\u00fd posel Boha.\" tabindex=\"0\">and\u011bl<\/span> sv\u011btla&#8220; (2. Kor 11,14). St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka o obsahu obraz\u016f a jejich v\u00fdznamu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografie<\/span>: s rohy, ko\u0148skou nohou, k\u0159\u00eddly, \u010derven\u00fd nebo \u010dern\u00fd, s netop\u00fd\u0159\u00edmi k\u0159\u00eddly. Dante: trojhlav\u00fd v ledov\u00e9m pal\u00e1ci dev\u00e1t\u00e9ho kruhu pekla.<\/p><p><strong>Chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Pokou\u0161\u00ed, \u017ealuje, sv\u00e1d\u00ed, klame. Nedisponuje hrubou silou, jeho moc\u00ed je vliv a sugesce. Ve Zjeven\u00ed bojuje s Michaelem a na konci je spout\u00e1n. Mezit\u00edm je st\u00e1lou p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edho jako poku\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p><p><strong>P\u016fsobnost<\/strong><\/p><p>Cel\u00fd sv\u011bt (\u201ekn\u00ed\u017ee tohoto sv\u011bta&#8220;), se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na: poku\u0161en\u00ed jednotlivc\u016f, sv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed cel\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f, politickou moc (z apokalyptick\u00e9ho pohledu), vl\u00e1du nad peklem.<\/p><p><strong>Mytologick\u00fd p\u016fvod<\/strong><\/p><p>P\u016fvod v hebrejsk\u00e9 soudn\u00ed metaforice (Job: \u017ealobce p\u0159ed Bo\u017e\u00edm tr\u016fnem). Ve druh\u00e9m chr\u00e1mov\u00e9m obdob\u00ed splynut\u00ed s \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi dualistick\u00fdmi motivy (Ahriman). Pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed patristick\u00e1 identifikace s p\u00e1dem Lucifera (Iz 14, p\u016fvodn\u011b polemika proti babylonsk\u00e9mu kr\u00e1li).<\/p><div><p><strong>Patristick\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p>Origen\u00e9s v d\u00edle <em>De principiis<\/em> (kolem 230) rozeb\u00edr\u00e1 ot\u00e1zku, zda m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt Satan na konci sv\u011bta spasen (doktr\u00edna <em>apokatastasis<\/em>); tato pozice byla pozd\u011bji odsouzena jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed odchyluj\u00edc\u00ed se od uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 c\u00edrkevn\u00ed nauky.\" tabindex=\"0\">heresie<\/span>, av\u0161ak ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed c\u00edrkevn\u00ed tradici m\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed linie.<\/p><p>Augustin v d\u00edle <em>De civitate Dei<\/em> (XI, XIV) argumentuje proti manichejsk\u00e9mu dualismu a trv\u00e1 na ontologick\u00e9 druhotnosti zla: Satan nen\u00ed konkuruj\u00edc\u00ed b\u016fh, n\u00fdbr\u017e padl\u00e9 stvo\u0159en\u00ed, jeho\u017e existence je mo\u017en\u00e1 jen jako privace dobra.<\/p><p>Tato pozice z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pro katolickou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span> z\u00e1vazn\u00e1. Scholastick\u00e9 zp\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed v d\u00edle <em>Summa Theologiae<\/em> (I, q. 63, 64) systematizuje nauku o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nebesk\u00fd posel Boha.\" tabindex=\"0\">and\u011bl\u00edch<\/span> a za\u0159azuje Satana na vrchol padl\u00e9 hierarchie.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Satan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekty Satana v p\u0159ehledu. Podrobnosti o jm\u00e9nu, popisu, obran\u011b a paralel\u00e1ch najdete v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch odd\u00edlech.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tradice<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Z hebrejsk\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivu<\/span> \u201e\u017ealobce&#8220;; pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed identifikace s padl\u00fdm Luciferem. Ve druh\u00e9m chr\u00e1mov\u00e9m obdob\u00ed vliv \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdch dualistick\u00fdch p\u0159edstav.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Adres\u00e1ti<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u0161ichni lid\u00e9; se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na jednotlivce v poku\u0161en\u00ed, n\u00e1rody a politick\u00e9 mocnosti v apokalyptick\u00e9m v\u00fdkladu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forma<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon bez zobrazen\u00ed. St\u0159edov\u011bk: s rohy, ko\u0148skou nohou, netop\u00fd\u0159\u00edmi k\u0159\u00eddly, \u010derven\u00fd\/\u010dern\u00fd. Dante: trojhlav\u00fd v ledov\u00e9m pal\u00e1ci.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Poku\u0161en\u00ed, sv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ealov\u00e1n\u00ed, klam\u00e1n\u00ed. Vliv nam\u00edsto hrub\u00e9 s\u00edly. Na konci p\u0159emo\u017een Kristem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Formy ochrany<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sv\u00e1tosti (k\u0159est, eucharistie), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed vyh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed duchovn\u00ed bytosti nebo d\u00e9mona pova\u017eovan\u00e9ho za \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho.\" tabindex=\"0\">exorcismus<\/span>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jazykov\u00e9 obr\u00e1cen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka k bo\u017estvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">modlitba<\/span>, vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed svat\u00fdch, sv\u011bcen\u00e1 voda, znamen\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee. Ortodoxn\u00ed c\u00edrkve maj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed exorcistick\u00fd ritu\u00e1l.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 bytosti<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Azazel (judaismus), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145116\">Apofis<\/a> (Egypt), Ahriman (zoroastrismus), Ibl\u00eds (isl\u00e1m), M\u00e1ra (buddhismus).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrana v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ritu\u00e1ly na obranu<\/strong><\/p><p>K\u0159est jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ochrana (Abrenuntio Diaboli). Pravideln\u00e1 praxe sv\u00e1tost\u00ed, osobn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jazykov\u00e9 obr\u00e1cen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka k bo\u017estvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">modlitba<\/span>, znamen\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed vyh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed duchovn\u00ed bytosti nebo d\u00e9mona pova\u017eovan\u00e9ho za \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho.\" tabindex=\"0\">Exorcismus<\/span> p\u0159i rozpoznan\u00e9m zasl\u00edben\u00ed, v katolick\u00e9 c\u00edrkvi dodnes upraven Rituale Romanum.<\/p><p><strong>Za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>C\u00edrkevn\u00ed exorcistick\u00e9 formule (Rituale Romanum, ortodoxn\u00ed euchologia), lidov\u00e1 apotropaia (\u201eOdejdi, Satane&#8220;), ka\u017edodenn\u00ed po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed. V grimo\u00e1rov\u00e9 tradici magick\u00e9 svazovac\u00ed formule, odsouzen\u00e9 c\u00edrkv\u00ed.<\/p><p><strong>Amulety a ochrann\u00e9 symboly<\/strong><\/p><p>K\u0159\u00ed\u017e, krucifix, benediktinsk\u00e1 medaile s formul\u00ed \u201eVade retro Satana&#8220;, Agnus Dei, obrazy svat\u00fdch. Sv\u011bcen\u00e1 voda jako denn\u00ed ochrann\u00fd prost\u0159edek.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Satan, paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u017didovsk\u00e1 tradice a p\u0159edehra:<\/strong> Job, Zacharj\u00e1\u0161, ha-satan jako \u017ealobce. Kumr\u00e1n a apokalyptick\u00e1 literatura postavu radikalizuj\u00ed. Azazel jako p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd padl\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nebesk\u00e1 bytost posla Bo\u017e\u00edho.\" tabindex=\"0\">and\u011bl<\/span>.<\/p><p><strong>Isl\u00e1m:<\/strong> Ibl\u00eds paraleln\u011b navazuje na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> Satana, je v\u0161ak strukturn\u011b pojat jinak (d\u017ein, nikoli padl\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nebesk\u00e1 bytost posla Bo\u017e\u00edho.\" tabindex=\"0\">and\u011bl<\/span>). V muslimsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd \u017eivot pro\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd v ka\u017edodennosti, \u010dasto mimo r\u00e1mec ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed nauky.\" tabindex=\"0\">lidov\u00e9 zbo\u017enosti<\/span> je st\u00e1l\u00fdm protivn\u00edkem.<\/p><p><strong>Dal\u0161\u00ed tradice:<\/strong> Zoroastrovsk\u00fd Ahriman jako mo\u017en\u00fd vzor. Buddhistick\u00fd M\u00e1ra jako sv\u016fdce u strom osv\u00edcen\u00ed. Egyptsk\u00fd Apop jako kosmick\u00fd nep\u0159\u00edtel chaosu.<\/p><div><p><strong>Reformace a novov\u011bk<\/strong><\/p><p>V reformaci z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 Satan v Lutherov\u011b <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span> zna\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Lutherovy vlastn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy o setk\u00e1n\u00edch se Satanem (nap\u0159\u00edklad epizoda s vrhnut\u00edm kalam\u00e1\u0159e na Wartburgu) jsou z religionisticko-historick\u00e9ho hlediska charakteristick\u00e9 pro silnou personifikaci Satana v protestantsk\u00e9m diskurzu 16. stolet\u00ed. Katolick\u00e1 protireformace reaguje rozpracovan\u00fdm apar\u00e1tem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed vyh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed ducha nebo d\u00e9mona pova\u017eovan\u00e9ho za \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho.\" tabindex=\"0\">exorcismu<\/span> v d\u00edle <em>Rituale Romanum<\/em> (1614).<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>V novov\u011bku (od 18. stolet\u00ed) proch\u00e1z\u00ed Satan sekularizac\u00ed v liter\u00e1rn\u011b-filozofick\u00e9 tradici (Milton, <em>Paradise Lost<\/em>, 1667; Goethe, <em>Faust<\/em>, 1808, 1832; Baudelaire, <em>Les Fleurs du Mal<\/em>, 1857), kter\u00e1 z n\u011bj d\u011bl\u00e1 z teologick\u00e9 prim\u00e1rn\u00ed funkce liter\u00e1rn\u00ed toposovou postavu.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcb31e9f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpcb31e9f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp93c4741 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp93c4741\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u017dalobce na nebesk\u00e9m dvo\u0159e: Satan ve Star\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp952ef1d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp952ef1d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp77d4a38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp77d4a38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hebrejsk\u00e9 slovo <em>satan<\/em> znamen\u00e1 prost\u011b \u201eodp\u016frce\u201c, \u201eprotivn\u00edk\u201c nebo \u201e\u017ealobce\u201c. Ve Star\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b m\u016f\u017ee naprosto neur\u010dit\u011b ozna\u010dovat i lidsk\u00e9ho protivn\u00edka. Kde m\u00edn\u00ed nebeskou postavu, stoj\u00ed zpravidla s \u010dlenem, <em>ha-satan<\/em>, tedy \u201e\u017ealobce\u201c, co\u017e je sp\u00ed\u0161e funk\u010dn\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed ne\u017e vlastn\u00ed jm\u00e9no.<\/p><p>Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsto se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v knize Job. Tam se <em>ha-satan<\/em> objevuje mezi \u201esyny Bo\u017e\u00edmi\u201c, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edstupuj\u00ed p\u0159ed Boha. Nen\u00ed zde protibohem, n\u00fdbr\u017e \u010dlenem nebesk\u00e9ho dvora, srovnateln\u00fdm s \u00fa\u0159aduj\u00edc\u00edm \u017ealobcem.<\/p><p>Pochybuje o tom, zda je Jobova <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pro\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd postoj a praxe \u010dlov\u011bka.\" tabindex=\"0\">zbo\u017enost<\/span> prav\u00e1, a od Boha z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 povolen\u00ed ji vyzkou\u0161et. Satan jedn\u00e1 pouze v r\u00e1mci toho, co B\u016fh dovoluje.<\/p><p>Podobn\u011b vystupuje \u017ealobce v knize Zacharj\u00e1\u0161, kde ob\u017ealov\u00e1v\u00e1 velekn\u011bze J\u00f3\u0161uu p\u0159ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nebesk\u00e1 bytost posla Bo\u017e\u00edho.\" tabindex=\"0\">and\u011blem<\/span> Hospodinov\u00fdm a je odm\u00edtnut.<\/p><p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed postaven\u00ed m\u00e1 m\u00edsto v knize Kronik, kter\u00e9 p\u0159eformulov\u00e1v\u00e1 star\u0161\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed z knihy Samuelovy: kde tam B\u016fh podn\u011bcuje Davida k lidov\u00e9mu s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed, je v Kronik\u00e1ch t\u00edmto podn\u011bcovatelem <em>satan<\/em>. B\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v tom spat\u0159uje ran\u00fd krok p\u0159esunout nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed z Boha na jinou postavu.<\/p><p>Je t\u0159eba konstatovat: v hebrejsk\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sb\u00edrka svat\u00fdch text\u016f n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed uzn\u00e1van\u00e1 za z\u00e1vaznou.\" tabindex=\"0\">k\u00e1nonu<\/span> nen\u00ed satan samostatnou moc\u00ed zla ani vl\u00e1dcem pekla. Je pod\u0159\u00edzenou postavou s omezenou funkc\u00ed v nebesk\u00e9m apar\u00e1tu. Pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstava o kosmick\u00e9m protivn\u00edkovi Bo\u017e\u00edm ve Star\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed vytvo\u0159ena.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb44b7a5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpb44b7a5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7b6294a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp7b6294a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Meziknihovn\u00ed zlom: od \u017ealobce k vl\u00e1dci temnot<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp07b8ca8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp07b8ca8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp59fbda8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp59fbda8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj se odehr\u00e1l v stalet\u00edch mezi Star\u00fdm a Nov\u00fdm z\u00e1konem, v tzv. mezitestament\u00e1rn\u00ed literatu\u0159e. V t\u00e9to dob\u011b, formovan\u00e9 ciz\u00ed vl\u00e1dou a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi krizemi, z\u00edsk\u00e1vala na s\u00edle p\u0159edstava, \u017ee dobru stoj\u00ed proti vlastn\u00ed zl\u00e1 moc.<\/p><p>Texty jako etiopsk\u00e1 kniha Henoch rozv\u00edjej\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o padl\u00fdch and\u011blech, kte\u0159\u00ed se vzbou\u0159ili proti bo\u017esk\u00e9mu \u0159\u00e1du.<\/p><p>Svitky od Mrtv\u00e9ho mo\u0159e, texty kumr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 komunity, znaj\u00ed postavu jm\u00e9nem <em>Belial<\/em> nebo <em>Beliar<\/em> a v\u00fdraznou nauku o dvou duch\u00e1ch, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchu<\/span> sv\u011btla a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchu<\/span> temnoty, kte\u0159\u00ed spolu z\u00e1pol\u00ed o \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p><p>V b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed se diskutuje vliv persk\u00e9ho dualismu, kter\u00fd znal dobrou a zlou prvopo\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed moc. Zda \u0161lo o p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 p\u0159ejet\u00ed, nebo o samostatn\u00fd vnitro\u017eidovsk\u00fd v\u00fdvoj pod vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm tlakem, je sporn\u00e9; mnoh\u00e9 sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed pro jejich vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed.<\/p><p>V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee v Nov\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b vystupuje v\u00fdrazn\u011b rozvinut\u00e1 postava. Satan se tam objevuje jako sv\u016fdce Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e na pou\u0161ti, jako \u201evl\u00e1dce tohoto sv\u011bta\u201c a protivn\u00edk Bo\u017e\u00edho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed.<\/p><p>Zjeven\u00ed Janovo jej v\u00fdslovn\u011b ztoto\u017e\u0148uje se \u201estar\u00fdm hadem\u201c a drakem a popisuje jeho kone\u010dn\u00fd p\u00e1d. Z nebesk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edho \u017ealobce Knihy Job se tak stal protivn\u00edk Bo\u017e\u00ed, p\u0159esto\u017ee, na rozd\u00edl od pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edho lidov\u00e9ho obrazu, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 i nad\u00e1le pod\u0159\u00edzen Bo\u017e\u00ed moci.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7b84e2a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp7b84e2a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe3de033 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpe3de033\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rohy a koz\u00ed kopyto: jak \u010f\u00e1bel z\u00edskal sv\u016fj vzhled<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp14f8fa3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp14f8fa3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7a09c7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp7a09c7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bible nepopisuje vzhled Satana. Za\u017eit\u00fd obraz \u010f\u00e1bla s rohy, koz\u00edma nohama, ocasem, vidlemi na hn\u016fj a rudou plet\u00ed je v\u00fdtvorem poblibick\u00e9ho, zejm\u00e9na st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed. Badatel\u00e9 mohou uv\u00e9st n\u011bkolik zdroj\u016f t\u00e9to p\u0159edstavy.<\/p><p>Roli hr\u00e1lo p\u0159ej\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed rys\u016f p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch bo\u017estev a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch bytost\u00ed. \u0158eck\u00fd past\u00fd\u0159sk\u00fd b\u016fh Pan a satyrov\u00e9 m\u011bli rohy, koz\u00ed nohy a bujarou povahu. Kdy\u017e se prosadilo k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed, takov\u00e9 postavy byly demonizov\u00e1ny a jejich vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed znaky p\u0159e\u0161ly na \u010f\u00e1bla. Sv\u00e9 d\u00edly p\u0159isp\u011bli i faunov\u00e9 a dal\u0161\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost, kter\u00e1 v sob\u011b spojuje znaky r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9 bytosti<\/span>.<\/p><p>K tomu p\u0159istoupily biblick\u00e9 obrazy, kter\u00e9 byly vykl\u00e1d\u00e1ny doslovn\u011b. Podobenstv\u00ed o posledn\u00edm soudu mluv\u00ed o odd\u011blen\u00ed \u201eovc\u00ed\u201c od \u201ekoz\u201c; kozel se tak stal zv\u00ed\u0159etem zatracen\u00fdch.<\/p><p>Peklo ohn\u011b vysv\u011btlovalo rudou barvu a spojen\u00ed s kou\u0159em a smolou. Netop\u00fd\u0159\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddla, kter\u00fdmi se \u010f\u00e1bel \u010dasto odli\u0161uje od pernat\u00fdch and\u011bl\u016f, zd\u016fraz\u0148ovala jeho p\u00e1d a zvr\u00e1cen\u00ed and\u011blsk\u00e9 podoby.<\/p><p>St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed, od kosteln\u00edch port\u00e1l\u016f p\u0159es tympanony a n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00e9 malby a\u017e po kni\u017en\u00ed malby, tento vzhled ust\u00e1lilo a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo. V divadle, v duchovn\u00edch hr\u00e1ch, vystupoval \u010f\u00e1bel v odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch kost\u00fdmech.<\/p><p>Historicky je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9: vzhled \u010f\u00e1bla nen\u00ed zjeven\u00fdm faktem, n\u00fdbr\u017e kulturn\u00edm produktem, slo\u017een\u00fdm z pohansk\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed, doslovn\u011b ch\u00e1pan\u00fdch obrazn\u00fdch slov a obrazov\u00e9 tradice c\u00edrkve.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa425a16 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa425a16\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf4291e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf4291e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Satan v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch teologie: poku\u0161itel, vykonavatel trestu, m\u00fdtus<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5068f65 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5068f65\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3a588a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp3a588a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Teologick\u00fd v\u00fdklad Satana nebyl nikdy jednotn\u00fd. Ji\u017e c\u00edrkevn\u00ed otcov\u00e9 se pot\u00fdkali s ot\u00e1zkou, odkud poch\u00e1z\u00ed zlo, kdy\u017e je B\u016fh dobr\u00fd a v\u0161e stvo\u0159il.<\/p><p>Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enou odpov\u011bd\u00ed bylo, \u017ee Satan byl p\u016fvodn\u011b dobr\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nebesk\u00e1 posl\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1 bytost Bo\u017e\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">and\u011bl<\/span>, kter\u00fd padl pro p\u00fdchu a svobodn\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed; zlo samo nebylo vlastn\u00edm byt\u00edm, n\u00fdbr\u017e nedostatkem dobra. Tato linie, spojen\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na s Augustinem, formovala z\u00e1padn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span> po stalet\u00ed.<\/p><p>Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku byla tato nauka d\u00e1le rozv\u00edjena, nap\u0159\u00edklad u Tom\u00e1\u0161e Akvinsk\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd systematicky pojednal o povaze and\u011bl\u016f a jejich p\u00e1du. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Zbo\u017enost \u017eit\u00e1 v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b, \u010dasto vedle ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed nauky.\" tabindex=\"0\">lidov\u00e9 zbo\u017enosti<\/span> a v praxi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed vyh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed duch\u00e1 nebo d\u00e9mona pova\u017eovan\u00e9ho za \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho.\" tabindex=\"0\">exorcismu<\/span> a pozd\u011bji v honu na \u010darod\u011bjnice nab\u00fdval na v\u00e1ze mnohem konkr\u00e9tn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a drasti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obraz Satana, kter\u00fd \u010dasto zast\u00ednil st\u0159\u00edzliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed teologick\u00e9 v\u00fdpov\u011bdi.<\/p><p>Reform\u00e1to\u0159i, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Martin Luther, mluvili o \u010f\u00e1blu velmi p\u0159\u00edmo a osobn\u011b jako o skute\u010dn\u00e9m protivn\u00edkovi v\u00edry. V novov\u011bku naproti tomu, zejm\u00e9na od osv\u00edcenstv\u00ed, nastalo kritick\u00e9 odstupov\u00e1n\u00ed. Mnoz\u00ed teologov\u00e9 st\u00e1le v\u00edce ch\u00e1pali Satana jako symbolickou nebo mytologickou \u0159e\u010d o s\u00edle zla, nikoli jako osobn\u00ed bytost.<\/p><p>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span> existuj\u00ed oba pohledy vedle sebe, od setrv\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed na osobn\u00ed zl\u00e9 moci a\u017e po d\u016fsledn\u011b symbolick\u00fd v\u00fdklad.<\/p><p>V\u011bdecky tuto ot\u00e1zku nelze rozhodnout; lze konstatovat pouze historick\u00fd fakt dlouh\u00e9 a mnohohlas\u00e9 v\u00fdkladov\u00e9 historie, v n\u00ed\u017e Satan nab\u00fdval velmi rozd\u00edln\u00fdch podob, od nebesk\u00e9ho \u017ealobce p\u0159es kn\u00ed\u017eete temnot a\u017e po teologick\u00fd spor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Doporu\u010den\u00e9 intern\u00ed odkazy:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145139\">K\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145145\">Lucifer<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145146\">Belzebub<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145147\">Leviatan<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145148\">Legie<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145138\">Azazel<\/a> (p\u0159edehra)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145116\">Apofis<\/a> (struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed paralela)<\/li><li><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed vyh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed duch\u00e1 nebo d\u00e9mona pova\u017eovan\u00e9ho za \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho.\" tabindex=\"0\">Exorcismus<\/span> a ritu\u00e1ly<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (v\u00fdb\u011br)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>V\u00fdb\u011br kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch prac\u00ed o Satanovi a k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 demonologii:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Russell, Jeffrey Burton: <em>Satan. The Early Christian Tradition<\/em>. Ithaca 1981 (4-svazkov\u00e9 standardn\u00ed d\u00edlo).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Pagels, Elaine: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/originofsatan00page\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Origin of Satan<\/a><\/em>. New York 1995.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Forsyth, Neil: <em>The Old Enemy. Satan and the Combat Myth<\/em>. Princeton 1987.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Kelly, Henry Ansgar: <em>Satan. A Biography<\/em>. Cambridge 2006.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Ratzinger, Joseph \/ Messori, Vittorio: <em>Zur Lage des Glaubens<\/em>. M\u00fcnchen 1985 (teologick\u00e9 pozice).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd92fee e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fd92fee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-441e49a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"441e49a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o Satanovi<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Kdo je Satan v \u017eidovsko-k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 tradici?<\/h3><p>Satan (hebrejsky ha-Satan, \u017ealobce) nen\u00ed v Hebrejsk\u00e9 bibli p\u016fvodn\u011b protivn\u00edkem Boha, ale bo\u017e\u00edm dvorn\u00edm sluhou, kter\u00fd zkou\u0161\u00ed lidi, jak je vid\u011bt v knize Job.<\/p><p>A\u017e v ran\u00e9m judaistick\u00e9m apokalyptick\u00e9m my\u0161len\u00ed a v Nov\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b se Satan st\u00e1v\u00e1 protivn\u00edkem Boha a v\u016fdcem padl\u00fdch <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nebesk\u00e1 poselsk\u00e1 bytost Boha.\" tabindex=\"0\">and\u011bl\u016f<\/span>. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9m k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed se tato postava slou\u010dila s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi p\u0159edstavami o d\u00e9monech v personifikovan\u00e9 zlo.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi Satanem, Luciferem a \u010f\u00e1blem?<\/h3><p>Tyto t\u0159i pojmy maj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9 ko\u0159eny: Satan poch\u00e1z\u00ed z hebrej\u0161tiny (\u017ealobce), Lucifer z latiny (nositel sv\u011btla, vlastn\u011b planeta Venu\u0161e jako jit\u0159n\u00ed hv\u011bzda) a \u010f\u00e1bel z \u0159eck\u00e9ho Diabolos (pomlouva\u010d).<\/p><p>A\u017e ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u011bjak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span> se v\u0161echny t\u0159i pojmy slou\u010dily do jedn\u00e9 postavy, padl\u00e9ho archand\u011bla, kter\u00fd se vzep\u0159el Bohu. V modern\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u011bjak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span> jsou tyto pojmy op\u011bt rozli\u0161ov\u00e1ny.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Kdo je Satan v \u017eidovsko-k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 tradici?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Satan (hebrejsky ha-Satan, \u017ealobce) nen\u00ed v Hebrejsk\u00e9 bibli p\u016fvodn\u011b protivn\u00edkem Boha, ale bo\u017e\u00edm dvorn\u00edm sluhou, kter\u00fd zkou\u0161\u00ed lidi, jak je vid\u011bt v knize Job.A\u017e v ran\u00e9m judaistick\u00e9m apokalyptick\u00e9m my\u0161len\u00ed a v Nov\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b se Satan st\u00e1v\u00e1 protivn\u00edkem Boha a v\u016fdcem padl\u00fdch and\u011bl\u016f. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9m k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed se tato postava slou\u010dila s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi p\u0159edstavami o d\u00e9monech v personifikovan\u00e9 zlo.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi Satanem, Luciferem a \u010f\u00e1blem?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Tyto t\u0159i pojmy maj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9 ko\u0159eny: Satan poch\u00e1z\u00ed z hebrej\u0161tiny (\u017ealobce), Lucifer z latiny (nositel sv\u011btla, vlastn\u011b planeta Venu\u0161e jako jit\u0159n\u00ed hv\u011bzda) a \u010f\u00e1bel z \u0159eck\u00e9ho Diabolos (pomlouva\u010d).A\u017e ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 teologii se v\u0161echny t\u0159i pojmy slou\u010dily do jedn\u00e9 postavy, padl\u00e9ho archand\u011bla, kter\u00fd se vzep\u0159el Bohu. V modern\u00ed teologii jsou tyto pojmy op\u011bt rozli\u0161ov\u00e1ny.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1568,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Satan protivn\u00edk","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Satan \u2013 Protivn\u00edk, hlavn\u00ed postava k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 demonologie","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Satan je centr\u00e1ln\u00ed postavou protivn\u00edka v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 tradici. Od hebrejsk\u00e9ho ha-satan (\u201e\u017ealobce\u201c) v knize Job a\u017e po zosobn\u011bn\u00e9ho...","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"5","wesen_kultur":"christentum","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145144","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Satan \u2013 Protivn\u00edk, hlavn\u00ed postava k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 demonologie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Satan je centr\u00e1ln\u00ed postavou protivn\u00edka v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 tradici. 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