{"id":145135,"date":"2026-09-03T16:27:24","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:27:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145135"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:47:45","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:47:45","slug":"shedim","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/shedim\/","title":{"rendered":"Shedim"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145135\" class=\"elementor elementor-145135 elementor-850\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Shedim, d\u00e9mon \u017eidovsk\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Shedim je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, j\u00ed\u017e se p\u0159isuzuje \u0161kodliv\u00e9 nebo dvojzna\u010dn\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mon<\/span> \u017eidovsk\u00e9 tradice.<\/p><p>Klasick\u00fd pojem demona v judaismu, mezi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00ed d\u00edlo rab\u00ednsk\u00e9ho judaismu s v\u00fdkladem n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tradice.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmudem<\/span> a zakl\u00ednac\u00ed miskou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00e9mon \/ d\u00e9monka: Nadp\u0159irozen\u00e1 bytost s p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00fdm nebo ambivalentn\u00edm p\u016fsoben\u00edm. Stoj\u00ed mezi bohy a lidmi, zp\u016fsobuje nemoc, poku\u0161en\u00ed nebo ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a je zah\u00e1n\u011bna zakl\u00edn\u00e1n\u00edm, apotropaiky a ritu\u00e1ly.\">D\u00e9mon<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145123\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u017didovsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 tradice od Tanachu po kabalu a novodobou mystiku.\">Judaismus<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_shedim-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1690\" alt=\"Shedim\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_shedim-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_shedim-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_shedim-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_shedim.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Shedim<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Shedim<\/em> je nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed souhrnn\u00fd pojem pro d\u00e9mony v \u017eidovsk\u00e9 tradici. Na rozd\u00edl od Lilith, Asmodaje nebo Azazela toto slovo nezna\u010d\u00ed jedinou postavu, ale celou t\u0159\u00eddu nevidom\u00fdch, \u010dasto nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch bytost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 stoj\u00ed mezi and\u011bly a lidmi.<\/p><p>V biblick\u00e9 hebrej\u0161tin\u011b je dolo\u017eeno pouze dvakr\u00e1t (Dt 32,17; \u017d 106,37), av\u0161ak v rab\u00ednsk\u00e9 literatu\u0159e se <em>shedim<\/em> st\u00e1v\u00e1 standardn\u00edm term\u00ednem pro d\u00e9mony v\u016fbec.<\/p><p>Mno\u017estv\u00ed pramen\u016f je enormn\u00ed. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00ed d\u00edlo rab\u00ednsk\u00e9ho judaismu s v\u00fdkladem n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tradice.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> obsahuje \u010detn\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed, kter\u00e1 shedim p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed; aramejsk\u00e9 zakl\u00ednac\u00ed misky je jmenovit\u011b zapov\u00eddaj\u00ed; st\u0159edov\u011bc\u00ed kabalist\u00e9 je za\u0159azuj\u00ed do hierarchi\u00ed \u201edruh\u00e9 strany\u201c.<\/p><p>A\u017e do modern\u00ed chasidsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 religiozity z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pojem v u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Jeho etymologie jej spojuje s mezopot\u00e1msk\u00fdm <em>shedu<\/em> (ochrann\u00fd genius, m\u00edsty hroziv\u00fd), co\u017e je jeden z nejhutn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch jazykov\u011b-n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch most\u016f mezi Mezopot\u00e1mi\u00ed a judaismem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Na jeden pohled: Shedim<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> souhrnn\u00fd pojem pro d\u00e9mony a nevidom\u00e9 \u0161kodliv\u00e9 bytosti<br>P\u016fvod: pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b mezopot\u00e1msk\u00fd (<em>shedu<\/em>), biblicko-hebrejsk\u00fd v p\u0159ejat\u00e9 podob\u011b<br>Texty: Dt 32,17; \u017d 106,37; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00ed d\u00edlo rab\u00ednsk\u00e9ho judaismu s v\u00fdkladem n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tradice.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> (mj. Pesachim 110, 112); aramejsk\u00e9 zakl\u00ednac\u00ed misky; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sm\u011br \u017eidovsk\u00e9 mystiky s hlavn\u00edmi d\u00edly jako Sefer Jecira a Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabala<\/span><br>Obdob\u00ed: od p\u0159edexiln\u00edho po sou\u010dasnost<br>Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed: Babylonie, Palestina, celosv\u011btov\u00e1 diaspora<br>Ochrana: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jazykov\u00e9 obr\u00e1cen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka k bo\u017estvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">modlitba<\/span>, magie jmen, amulety, mezuza, rab\u00ednsky regulovan\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ob\u011b biblick\u00e9 zm\u00ednky stoj\u00ed v kontextu polemiky proti modl\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm ob\u011btem; shedim jsou zde \u201eciz\u00ed mocnosti\u201c, jim\u017e Izrael neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00edky, prosbu nebo uct\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011bti<\/span>. Rozvinut\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed v rab\u00ednsk\u00e9 literatu\u0159e 3. 6. stolet\u00ed n. l., zejm\u00e9na v babylonsk\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00ed d\u00edlo rab\u00ednsk\u00e9ho judaismu s v\u00fdkladem n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tradice.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmudu<\/span>. Aramejsk\u00e9 zakl\u00ednac\u00ed misky (4. 7. stolet\u00ed) poskytuj\u00ed bohat\u00e9 praktick\u00e9 vhledy. St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sm\u011br \u017eidovsk\u00e9 mystiky s hlavn\u00edmi d\u00edly jako Sefer Jecira a Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabala<\/span> a lidov\u00e1 magie tradici d\u00e1le rozv\u00edjej\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Centrem je Babylonie (s\u00e1s\u00e1novsk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e), kde vznikaj\u00ed zakl\u00ednac\u00ed misky. D\u00e1le Palestina a ve\u0161ker\u00e1 pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed diaspora. V modern\u00edch \u017eidovsk\u00fdch komunit\u00e1ch po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b je pojem st\u00e1le p\u0159\u00edtomen, zejm\u00e9na v ortodoxn\u00edm a chasidsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jednotliv\u00e9 biblick\u00e9 zm\u00ednky, rab\u00ednsk\u00e1 literatura (Mi\u0161na, Tosefta, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00ed d\u00edlo rab\u00ednsk\u00e9ho judaismu s v\u00fdkladem n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tradice.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span>), midra\u0161sk\u00e9 texty, aramejsk\u00e9 zakl\u00ednac\u00ed misky v mnoha stovk\u00e1ch exempl\u00e1\u0159\u016f, st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sm\u011br \u017eidovsk\u00e9 mystiky s hlavn\u00edmi d\u00edly jako Sefer Jecira a Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabala<\/span> (Sefer Raz\u00edel, Zohar), amulety, modern\u00ed lidov\u011b n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edru\u010dky. Jedna z nejl\u00e9pe dosv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd d\u00e9mon\u016f cel\u00e9 st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9 oblasti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ozna\u010den\u00ed a zp\u016fsoby psan\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Hebrejsky:<\/strong> <em>shed<\/em> (\u05e9\u05b5\u05c1\u05d3, singul\u00e1r), <em>shedim<\/em> (\u05e9\u05b5\u05c1\u05d3\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd, plur\u00e1l).<br>Aramejsky: <em>sh\u012bd\u0101<\/em>, plur\u00e1l <em>sh\u012bd\u0113<\/em>.<br>P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 pojmy: <em>mazzikim<\/em> (\u0161k\u016fdci), <em>ruchot ra&#8217;ot<\/em> (zl\u00ed duchov\u00e9), <em>lilin<\/em> (no\u010dn\u00ed bytosti). V\u0161echny ozna\u010duj\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u011b se p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed, nikoli v\u0161ak toto\u017en\u00e9 kategorie.<\/p><p>Pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fd odvozen\u00ed od mezopotamsk\u00e9ho <em>shedu<\/em> (ochrann\u00fd b\u00fd\u010d\u00ed genius u vrat <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m\u016f<\/span> a pal\u00e1c\u016f) je z jazykov\u00e9ho hlediska zaj\u00edmav\u00e9: to, co bylo v Mezopot\u00e1mii ochrannou silou, se v Izraeli st\u00e1v\u00e1 hrozbou. To odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistorick\u00e9 postaven\u00ed biblick\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u00edra v jedin\u00e9ho boha.\" tabindex=\"0\">monoteismu<\/span>, to, co jin\u00ed uct\u00edvali jako ochrann\u00e9 bohy, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v izraelsk\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu jen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no \u0161kodliv\u00e9 nebo rozporn\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9monem<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Vzhled<\/strong><\/p><p>Z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti neviditeln\u00ed. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00ed d\u00edlo rab\u00ednsk\u00e9ho judaismu s v\u00fdkladem n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tradice.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> je popisuje s humorem: \u201eKdo chce vid\u011bt jejich stopy, a\u0165 kolem l\u016f\u017eka nasype popel, r\u00e1no uvid\u00ed ku\u0159\u00ed stopy.\u201c N\u011bkter\u00e9 texty jim p\u0159isuzuj\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddla, lidskou z\u00e1kladn\u00ed podobu a nelidsk\u00e9 nohy. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka o obsahu obraz\u016f a jejich v\u00fdznamu.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ikonografie<\/span> zakl\u00ednac\u00edch misek je zobrazuje spoutan\u00e9, v\u011bt\u0161inou v lidsk\u00e9 podob\u011b.<\/p><p><strong>Chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>\u0160edim ob\u00fdvaj\u00ed ne\u010dist\u00e1 m\u00edsta (ruiny, latr\u00edny, h\u0159bitovy), hranice a p\u0159echodov\u00e1 m\u00edsta. Zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed nemoci, naru\u0161uj\u00ed sp\u00e1nek, vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed spory a sv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed. Na rozd\u00edl od Lilith nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed oblast p\u016fsobnosti, jsou obecnou d\u00e9monickou hrozbou v\u0161edn\u00edho dne.<\/p><p><strong>Oblast p\u016fsobnosti<\/strong><\/p><p>Ne\u010dist\u00e1 m\u00edsta, p\u0159echody, no\u010dn\u00ed situace, cesty. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00ed d\u00edlo rab\u00ednsk\u00e9ho judaismu s v\u00fdkladem n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tradice.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> uv\u00e1d\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed rizikov\u00e9 z\u00f3ny: hrany, prahy dve\u0159\u00ed, studny, latr\u00edny, cesty za soumraku.<\/p><p><strong>Mytologick\u00fd p\u016fvod<\/strong><\/p><p>Midra\u0161sk\u00e9 tradice znaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u016fvody: jako posledn\u00ed bytosti stvo\u0159itelsk\u00e9ho t\u00fddne, jako potomky Adama a Lilith, jako bytosti stvo\u0159en\u00e9 z prachu, jejich\u017e tvorba z\u016fstala nedokon\u010dena. Rozmanitost t\u011bchto vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed je sama o sob\u011b v\u00fdrazem otev\u0159enosti t\u00e9to kategorie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: \u0160edim<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekty \u0161edim v p\u0159ehledu. Podrobnosti k n\u00e1zvu, popisu, ochran\u011b a paralel\u00e1m najdete v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch odd\u00edlech.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fvod<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Souhrnn\u00fd pojem, nikoli jedin\u00e1 bytost. Etymologicky pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b p\u0159evzato z mezopotamsk\u00e9ho <em>shedu<\/em>, v biblick\u00e9 a rab\u00ednsk\u00e9 hebrej\u0161tin\u011b se v\u00fdznam obr\u00e1til do negativn\u00edho.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00edlov\u00e1 skupina \u0161edim<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Obecn\u00e1 hrozba. Lid\u00e9 zdr\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed se na ne\u010dist\u00fdch m\u00edstech nebo u prah\u016f, cestuj\u00edc\u00ed za soumraku, sp\u00edc\u00ed bez ochrann\u00e9 formule.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vzhled<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti neviditeln\u00ed. Ob\u010das popisov\u00e1ni s ku\u0159\u00edmi nohami, k\u0159\u00eddly a lidskou horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u011bla. Na zakl\u00ednac\u00edch misk\u00e1ch zobrazov\u00e1ni v lidsk\u00e9 podob\u011b a spoutan\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Funkce<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nemoc, no\u010dn\u00ed ru\u0161en\u00ed, spory, n\u00e1hl\u00e9 zd\u011b\u0161en\u00ed. \u0160kodliv\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed bez konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed tematick\u00e9 specializace.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrana<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Slovn\u00ed obr\u00e1cen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka k bo\u017estvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">Modlitba<\/span>, jmenn\u00e1 magie, amulety, mezuza na dve\u0159\u00edch, ochrann\u00e9 formule p\u0159i vstupu na ne\u010dist\u00e1 m\u00edsta. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00ed d\u00edlo rab\u00ednsk\u00e9ho judaismu s v\u00fdkladem n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tradice.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> uv\u00e1d\u00ed podrobn\u00e1 pravidla chov\u00e1n\u00ed (nap\u0159. p\u0159i cest\u011b na latr\u00ednu).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 bytosti<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mezopotam\u0161t\u00ed <em>shedu<\/em>\/<em>lamassu<\/em> (etymologicky p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed), \u0159e\u010dt\u00ed <em>daimones<\/em> (srovnateln\u00e1 souhrnn\u00e1 kategorie), obecn\u011b k\u0159es\u0165an\u0161t\u00ed d\u00e9moni, arab\u0161t\u00ed <em>jinn<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Praktick\u00e1 ochrana<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ritu\u00e1ly na ochranu<\/strong><\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00ed d\u00edlo rab\u00ednsk\u00e9ho judaismu s v\u00fdkladem n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tradice.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> uv\u00e1d\u00ed podrobn\u00e9 instrukce: ochrann\u00e9 formule p\u0159i vstupu na latr\u00ednu, trojn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 odplivnut\u00ed p\u0159i ur\u010dit\u00fdch setk\u00e1n\u00edch, umyt\u00ed rukou po probuzen\u00ed. Tyto drobn\u00e9 ka\u017edodenn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly udr\u017euj\u00ed shedim v odstupu, ani\u017e by s nimi bylo nutn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo jednat.<\/p><p><strong>Za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Nejbohat\u0161\u00edm pramenem jsou aramejsk\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vac\u00ed m\u00edsy. Jejich texty vz\u00fdvaj\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 shedim jmenovit\u011b, v\u00e1\u017eou je pomoc\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00edch jmen a jmen and\u011bl\u016f a odkazuj\u00ed je zp\u011bt na ne\u010dist\u00e1 m\u00edsta. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 logika zn\u00ed: kdo zn\u00e1m jm\u00e9no shed, m\u00e1 nad n\u00edm moc.<\/p><p><strong>Amulety a ochrann\u00e9 symboly<\/strong><\/p><p>Mezuza na ka\u017ed\u00e9m ve\u0159eji dve\u0159\u00ed, Bo\u017e\u00ed jm\u00e9no <em>\u0160adaj<\/em> na n\u00ed plat\u00ed za str\u00e1\u017ece. Kimpecetl pro \u0161estined\u011bl\u00ed a novorozence. Amulety s \u017ealmov\u00fdmi ver\u0161i a jm\u00e9ny and\u011bl\u016f. Ruka Chamsa proti u\u0159knut\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely a dal\u0161\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Mezopot\u00e1mie<\/strong><\/p><p>Jm\u00e9no pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vych\u00e1z\u00ed z <em>shedu<\/em>, tam ochrann\u00e9ho b\u00fdka, zde <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1n \u0161kodliv\u00fd nebo dvojzna\u010dn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mona<\/span>. Tato prom\u011bna v\u00fdznamu je modelov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edpadem n\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistorick\u00e9 zm\u011bny.<\/p><p><strong>Isl\u00e1msk\u00e1 tradice<\/strong><\/p><p>Arab\u0161t\u00ed <em>jinn<\/em> strukturn\u011b p\u0159evzali mnoho rys\u016f \u0161edim: t\u0159\u00edda neviditeln\u00fdch mezibytost\u00ed, ambivalentn\u00ed, na pomez\u00ed mezi \u010dlov\u011bkem a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nebesk\u00e1 bytost, posel Bo\u017e\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">and\u011blem<\/span>. Paralely jsou hust\u00e9, ani\u017e by bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 odvozen\u00ed.<\/p><p><strong>Modern\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 kultura se zvyky, vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edmi a p\u00edsn\u011bmi.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklor<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p>Ve v\u00fdchodoevropsko-chasidsk\u00fdch tradic\u00edch z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159edstava \u0161edim \u017eiv\u00e1. Modern\u00ed literatura (I. B. Singer, p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy o dybukovi) na ni navazuje. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 izraelsk\u00e9 hebrej\u0161tin\u011b se slovo <em>shed<\/em> lidov\u011b u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro \u201e\u0161ibala\u201c nebo \u201esk\u0159\u00edtka\u201c, co\u017e je ambivalentn\u011b \u0161ibalsk\u00e9 zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0ac5bb5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp0ac5bb5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp56528b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp56528b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">N\u011bkolik biblick\u00fdch zm\u00ednek a probl\u00e9m p\u0159ekladu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc36c61c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpc36c61c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc2c0977 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpc2c0977\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hebrejsk\u00e9 slovo <em>\u0161edim<\/em> se v cel\u00e9m Tanachu vyskytuje pouze na dvou m\u00edstech, oba p\u0159\u00edpady v mno\u017en\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle. V knize Deuteronomium je Izraeli vyt\u00fdk\u00e1no, \u017ee ob\u011btoval <em>\u0161edim<\/em>, kte\u0159\u00ed nejsou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvem<\/span>, nov\u00fdm boh\u016fm, kter\u00e9 otcov\u00e9 neznali.<\/p><p>V jednom \u017ealmu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee lid ob\u011btoval synty a dcery <em>\u0161edim<\/em>, a t\u00edm prolil nevinnou krev. Ob\u011b m\u00edsta spojuj\u00ed slovo \u00fazce se zak\u00e1zan\u00fdm kultem ob\u011bt\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na s ob\u011btov\u00e1n\u00edm d\u011bt\u00ed ciz\u00edm mocnostem.<\/p><p>U\u017e tato skromn\u00e1 pramenn\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna ukazuje, \u017ee biblick\u00fd n\u00e1lez o povaze t\u011bchto bytost\u00ed vypov\u00edd\u00e1 jen m\u00e1lo. Texty jsou polemick\u00e9, jejich c\u00edlem je znev\u00e1\u017eit ciz\u00ed kulty, nikoli rozvinout demonologii. <em>\u0160edim<\/em> se zde jev\u00ed jako souhrnn\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed pro p\u0159\u00edjemce kultu, kter\u00fd biblick\u00ed auto\u0159i cejchuj\u00ed jako modloslu\u017eebn\u00fd a krvav\u00fd.<\/p><p>Badatel\u00e9 slovo s velkou pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed spojuj\u00ed s akkadsk\u00fdm <em>\u0161edu<\/em>. Ten v mezopotamsk\u00e9 oblasti ozna\u010doval ochrann\u00e9ho ducha, \u010dasto v podob\u011b ok\u0159\u00eddlen\u00e9ho b\u00fd\u010d\u00edho mu\u017ee, kter\u00fd str\u00e1\u017eil br\u00e1ny pal\u00e1c\u016f a chr\u00e1m\u016f.<\/p><p>To, co bylo v Mezopot\u00e1mii dobrotiv\u00fdm ochrann\u00fdm g\u00e9niem, se v hebrejsk\u00e9 bibli p\u0159etvo\u0159ilo v ciz\u00ed, nez\u00e1konnou moc, j\u00ed\u017e se nesm\u00ed ob\u011btovat.<\/p><p>Tato reinterpretace je dobr\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9ho vzorce. Bohov\u00e9 a duchov\u00e9 sousedn\u00edch n\u00e1rod\u016f nejsou v biblick\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u00edra v jedin\u00e9ho boha.\" tabindex=\"0\">monoteismu<\/span> pop\u00edr\u00e1ni, ale zneva\u017eov\u00e1ni, nejsou to skute\u010dn\u00e1 bo\u017estva, n\u00fdbr\u017e pouz\u00ed <em>\u0161edim<\/em>, k nim\u017e se nesm\u00ed obracet \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo svat\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span>.<\/p><p>Pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e1 demonologie tak m\u011bla jen skrovn\u00fd biblick\u00fd z\u00e1klad, na kter\u00e9m by mohla stav\u011bt, a musela si obraz t\u011bchto bytost\u00ed z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti vytvo\u0159it znovu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp01ffe67 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp01ffe67\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4c67ed9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp4c67ed9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rozvinut\u00ed postavy \u0161edim v rab\u00ednsk\u00e9 literatu\u0159e<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpeb7801e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpeb7801e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp75df800 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp75df800\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Teprve rab\u00ednsk\u00e1 literatura, zejm\u00e9na babylonsk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed d\u00edlo rab\u00ednsk\u00e9ho judaismu s v\u00fdkladem n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tradice.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> a souvisej\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdkladov\u00e1 d\u00edla, u\u010dinila z chud\u00e9ho biblick\u00e9ho slova rozpracovanou t\u0159\u00eddu d\u00e9mon\u016f. Zde se <em>\u0161edim<\/em> objevuj\u00ed jako po\u010detn\u00fd, v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd druh bytost\u00ed.<\/p><p>\u010casto citovan\u00fd \u00fasek v talmudsk\u00e9m trakt\u00e1tu Berachot popisuje, \u017ee \u0161edim obklopuj\u00ed lidi v nesm\u00edrn\u00e9m po\u010dtu, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk m\u00e1 tis\u00edce z nich po levici a po pravici a \u017ee tla\u010denice v u\u010debn\u011b \u010di \u00fanava kolen poch\u00e1z\u00ed z jejich p\u016fsoben\u00ed.<\/p><p>Rab\u00edni za\u0159adili \u0161edim do jak\u00e9hosi mezistupn\u011b.<\/p><p>Zn\u00e1m\u00fd text uv\u00e1d\u00ed t\u0159i vlastnosti, v nich\u017e se podobaj\u00ed and\u011bl\u016fm slu\u017eebn\u00edk\u016fm, maj\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddla, l\u00e9taj\u00ed z jednoho konce sv\u011bta na druh\u00fd a znaj\u00ed, co m\u00e1 p\u0159ij\u00edt, a t\u0159i, v nich\u017e se podobaj\u00ed lidem, jed\u00ed a pij\u00ed, plod\u00ed potomstvo a um\u00edraj\u00ed.<\/p><p>\u0160edim tak stoj\u00ed mezi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nebesk\u00fd posel Boha.\" tabindex=\"0\">and\u011blem<\/span> a \u010dlov\u011bkem, jsou natolik t\u011blesn\u00ed, \u017ee mohou zem\u0159\u00edt, a natolik duchovn\u00ed, \u017ee mohou vlastnit skryt\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p><p>O jejich vzniku kolovaly r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span> je spojuje se soumrakem \u0161est\u00e9ho dne stvo\u0159en\u00ed, kdy B\u016fh stvo\u0159il jejich du\u0161e, ale kv\u016fli bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edmu se \u0161abatu u\u017e nedokon\u010dil jejich t\u011bla, a proto z\u016fstali nedokon\u010den\u00ed mezi sf\u00e9rami. Jin\u00e9 texty odvozuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 d\u00e9mony od Adama.<\/p><p>Rab\u00ednsk\u00e1 literatura rozvinula tak\u00e9 jm\u00e9na jednotliv\u00fdch v\u016fdc\u016f, poskytuje informace o jejich obl\u00edben\u00fdch m\u00edstech pobytu, nap\u0159\u00edklad z\u0159\u00edcenin\u00e1ch, latr\u00edn\u00e1ch, st\u00ednu strom\u016f a osam\u011bl\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch za noci, a jmenuje \u010dasy zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. T\u00edm se z biblick\u00e9ho souhrnn\u00e9ho pojmu stal podrobn\u00fd u\u010debn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd prostupoval ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5910d47 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp5910d47\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf11b154 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf11b154\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrana a obrana v \u017eidovsk\u00e9m ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe1b0a3d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpe1b0a3d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1bd9a61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp1bd9a61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pokud je sv\u011bt podle rab\u00ednsk\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy hust\u011b obydlen <em>\u0161edim<\/em>, pot\u0159ebuje ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot ochrann\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed. \u017didovsk\u00e1 tradice vyvinula b\u011bhem stalet\u00ed bohat\u00fd reperto\u00e1r obrann\u00fdch a preventivn\u00edch praktik, kter\u00e9 poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00ed d\u00edlo rab\u00ednsk\u00e9ho judaismu s v\u00fdkladem n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tradice.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmudu<\/span>, z pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch spis\u016f a z lidov\u00e9 zbo\u017enosti.<\/p><p>Ve st\u0159edu stoj\u00ed slovo. Pron\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed, studium <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u011bt knih Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161ov\u00fdch, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed soubor text\u016f judaismu.\" tabindex=\"0\">T\u00f3ry<\/span> a zejm\u00e9na recitace ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u017ealm\u016f, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm takzvan\u00e9ho \u017ealmu proti ran\u00e1m, byly pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za \u00fa\u010dinnou ochranu.<\/p><p>Tak\u00e9 \u0160ema, \u017eidovsk\u00e9 vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edry, kter\u00e9 se pron\u00e1\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ed span\u00edm, bylo ch\u00e1p\u00e1no jako obrana proti no\u010dn\u00edm hr\u016fz\u00e1m. Mezuza na dve\u0159n\u00edm r\u00e1mu, obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed ver\u0161e z <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u011bt knih Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161ov\u00fdch, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed soubor text\u016f judaismu.\" tabindex=\"0\">T\u00f3ry<\/span>, podle b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u00ed i samotn\u00fd d\u016fm p\u0159ed \u0161kodliv\u00fdmi silami.<\/p><p>Vedle toho existovala konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pravidla chov\u00e1n\u00ed. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00ed d\u00edlo rab\u00ednsk\u00e9ho judaismu s v\u00fdkladem n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tradice.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> doporu\u010duje vyh\u00fdbat se ur\u010dit\u00fdm nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm m\u00edst\u016fm, nechodit s\u00e1m a v noci troskami, nep\u00edt vodu, kter\u00e1 p\u0159es noc st\u00e1la otev\u0159en\u00e1, a na ohro\u017een\u00fdch m\u00edstech neproch\u00e1zet mezi dv\u011bma lidmi nebo mezi dv\u011bma stromy.<\/p><p>K t\u011bmto p\u0159edpis\u016fm pat\u0159ilo tak\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v p\u00e1rech a vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se sud\u00fdm \u010d\u00edsl\u016fm v ur\u010dit\u00fdch souvislostech.<\/p><p>V lidov\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pro\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd postoj a praxe \u010dlov\u011bka.\" tabindex=\"0\">zbo\u017enosti<\/span>, zejm\u00e9na v prost\u0159ed\u00ed luriansk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sm\u011br \u017eidovsk\u00e9 mystiky s hlavn\u00edmi d\u00edly jako Sefer Jecira a Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabaly<\/span> a v\u00fdchodoevropsk\u00e9ho judaismu, k tomu p\u0159ibyly amulety, popsan\u00e9 pergameny s Bo\u017e\u00edmi jm\u00e9ny, jm\u00e9ny and\u011bl\u016f a biblick\u00fdmi ver\u0161i, kter\u00e9 se nosily na t\u011ble nebo um\u00eds\u0165ovaly v dom\u011b.<\/p><p>Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 bylo jejich pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i ochran\u011b rodi\u010dek a novorozenc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ohro\u017een\u00e9. Tyto praktiky ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee \u0161edim nebyli pouhou teoretickou naukou, ale skute\u010dnost\u00ed, s n\u00ed\u017e \u017eit\u00e1 religiozita denn\u011b po\u010d\u00edtala.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp50c27ba e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp50c27ba\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3772d2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp3772d2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Salomoun, vl\u00e1da nad d\u00e9mony a pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed legend<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp466c7cf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp466c7cf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp24567e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp24567e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed linie spojuje <em>schedim<\/em> s kr\u00e1lem Salomounem. Vych\u00e1z\u00ed z biblick\u00e9ho vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 Salomounovi p\u0159isuzuje nad\u0159azenou moudrost a vl\u00e1du nad cel\u00fdm stvo\u0159en\u00edm, a z toho odvozuje p\u0159edstavu, \u017ee kr\u00e1l vl\u00e1dl i nad duchy a d\u00e9mony.<\/p><p>V babylonsk\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00ed d\u00edlo rab\u00ednsk\u00e9ho judaismu s v\u00fdkladem n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tradice.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmudu<\/span> se ji\u017e nach\u00e1z\u00ed podrobn\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e Salomoun chyt\u00ed v\u016fdce d\u00e9mon\u016f pomoc\u00ed pe\u010detn\u00edho prstenu, na n\u011bm\u017e je vyryto Bo\u017e\u00ed jm\u00e9no, a p\u0159inut\u00ed ho, aby mu slou\u017eil p\u0159i stavb\u011b chr\u00e1mu. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu Salomoun d\u00edky vlastn\u00ed p\u00fd\u0161e na \u010das ztr\u00e1c\u00ed moc nad <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no \u0161kodliv\u00e9 nebo rozporn\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9monem<\/span>.<\/p><p>Toto talmudsk\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed se stalo z\u00e1rodkem rozbujel\u00e9 postbiblick\u00e9 legend\u00e1rn\u00ed tradice. V pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch textech, vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch n\u011bkdy i mimo rab\u00ednsk\u00fd judaismus, se Salomoun st\u00e1v\u00e1 velk\u00fdm mistrem nad d\u00e9mony, kter\u00fd znal jejich jm\u00e9na, jejich p\u016fsobnosti i prost\u0159edky k jejich zkrocen\u00ed.<\/p><p>Na t\u00e9to p\u0159edstav\u011b stav\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st \u017eidovsk\u00e9 magick\u00e9 literatury st\u0159edov\u011bku a literatury j\u00ed ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9.<\/p><p>Z v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho hlediska je tato linie pou\u010dn\u00e1, proto\u017ee ukazuje, jak z kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch biblick\u00fdch n\u00e1znak\u016f a jednotliv\u00fdch talmudsk\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed vyr\u016fst\u00e1 cel\u00fd \u017e\u00e1nr. Pe\u010detn\u00ed prsten, seznam d\u00e9mon\u016f s jejich zvl\u00e1\u0161tnostmi, my\u0161lenka, \u017ee znalost jm\u00e9na prop\u016fj\u010duje moc nad bytost\u00ed, to v\u0161e se stalo pevn\u00fdmi stavebn\u00edmi kameny.<\/p><p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 z\u016fst\u00e1val normativn\u00ed rab\u00ednsk\u00fd judaismus k praktick\u00e9mu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jazykov\u00fd ritu\u00e1l, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 p\u0159ivolat nebo sv\u00e1zat ur\u010ditou moc.\" tabindex=\"0\">za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> d\u00e9mon\u016f zdr\u017eenliv\u00fd a\u017e odm\u00edtav\u00fd. Tradice o Salomounovi se tak \u010dasto pohybovala na okraji ofici\u00e1ln\u00edho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo za jeho hranicemi.<\/p><p>Dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 v\u0161ak, \u017ee <em>schedim<\/em> nebyli ch\u00e1p\u00e1ni jen jako hrozba, ale i jako moci, kter\u00e9 lze zvl\u00e1dnout a jejich\u017e s\u00edly mohl dostate\u010dn\u011b mudrc a zbo\u017en\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk uv\u00e9st do sv\u00e9 slu\u017eby. Toto nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi obranou a zvl\u00e1dnut\u00edm prostupuje celou \u017eidovskou tradici zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se schedim.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Doporu\u010den\u00e9 intern\u00ed odkazy:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145123\">Judaismus<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145134\">Lilit<\/a> (konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed z\u00e1stupkyn\u011b t\u00e9to t\u0159\u00eddy)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145136\">Asmodaj<\/a> (kr\u00e1l hierarchie \u0161edim)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145109\">Mezopot\u00e1mie<\/a> (etymologie shedu)<\/li><li>Aramejsk\u00e9 zakl\u00ednac\u00ed misky<\/li><li>Mezuza a \u017eidovsk\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 amulety<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Odborn\u00e1 literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>V\u00fdb\u011br kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch prac\u00ed o \u0161edim a \u017eidovsk\u00e9 demonologii:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Naveh, Joseph \/ Shaked, Shaul: <em>Amulets and Magic Bowls<\/em>. Jerusalem 1985.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Schrire, Theodore: <em>Hebrew Magic Amulets<\/em>. London 1966.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Bar-Ilan, Meir: \u201eBetween Magic and Religion. Sympathetic Magic in the World of the Sages.&#8220; In: <em>Review of Rabbinic Judaism<\/em> 5 (2002).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Harari, Yuval: <em>Jewish Magic before the Rise of Kabbalah<\/em>. Detroit 2017.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Trachtenberg, Joshua: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/jewishmagicsuper0000josh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jewish Magic and Superstition<\/a><\/em>. New York 1939 (nov\u00e9 vyd\u00e1n\u00ed Philadelphia 2004).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><p><strong>Standardn\u00ed literatura (judaismus):<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet><strong>Hutter, Manfred<\/strong>: <em>Lilith. In: Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible. 2. Aufl. Leiden 1999.<\/em><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dal\u0161\u00ed standardn\u00ed d\u00edla v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145257\">seznamu literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-shedim-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-shedim-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-shedim\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-shedim-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-shedim-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Zde popsan\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 praxe je v\u011bdeck\u00fdm za\u0159azen\u00edm historick\u00fdch tradic. iWell Guard navazuje na tuto kulturn\u011b-historickou linii nositeln\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a p\u0159edstavuje jejich sou\u010dasnou formu. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69c47af e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"69c47af\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e92870b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e92870b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o \u0161edim<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Co jsou \u0161edim v \u017eidovsk\u00e9 tradici?<\/h3><p>\u0160edim (mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo od \u0161ed, hebrejsky \u05e9\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd) jsou v \u017eidovsk\u00e9 tradici t\u0159\u00eddou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, jej\u00ed\u017e p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b je j\u00ed p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchovn\u00edch<\/span> bytost\u00ed, obvykle charakterizovanou jako destruktivn\u00ed nebo p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm mor\u00e1ln\u011b ambivalentn\u00ed.<\/p><p>V Tanachu se tento pojem objevuje jen z\u0159\u00eddka (5. Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova 32,17; \u017dalm 106,37), kde ozna\u010duje pohansk\u00e9 bohy, jim\u017e Izraelit\u00e9 ob\u011btovali sv\u00e9 syny. V <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00ed d\u00edlo rab\u00ednsk\u00e9ho judaismu s v\u00fdkladem n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tradice.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmudu<\/span> (zejm\u00e9na Pesachim 110a-112b) jsou \u0161edim poj\u00edm\u00e1ni jako skute\u010dn\u00e9, nadp\u0159irozen\u00e9 bytosti, kter\u00e9 \u017eij\u00ed na z\u00e1chodech, na k\u0159i\u017eovatk\u00e1ch cest, ve vesnic\u00edch a v ostru\u017einov\u00fdch hou\u0161tin\u00e1ch.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Jak se \u0161edim li\u0161\u00ed od mazikim a lilin?<\/h3><p>\u017didovsk\u00e1 demonologie rozli\u0161uje n\u011bkolik t\u0159\u00edd: \u0161edim jsou nejobecn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddou, t\u011blesn\u011b podobn\u00e9, rozumn\u00e9 bytosti se svobodnou v\u016fl\u00ed. Mazikim (\u0161k\u016fdci) jsou zam\u011b\u0159eni specificky na zp\u016fsobov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kod. Lilin jsou potomky Lilith, no\u010dn\u00ed d\u00e9moni.<\/p><p>Ruchot jsou \u010dist\u011b duchovn\u00ed bytosti, n\u011bkdy odlou\u010den\u00e9 du\u0161e. V <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00ed d\u00edlo rab\u00ednsk\u00e9ho judaismu s v\u00fdkladem n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tradice.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmudu<\/span> (Chagiga 16a) se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee \u0161edim se s lidmi shoduj\u00ed ve t\u0159ech vlastnostech (jeden\u00ed, rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, smrtelnost) a s and\u011bly ve t\u0159ech (k\u0159\u00eddla, v\u0161ev\u011bdoucnost, neviditelnost), jsou tedy bytostmi p\u0159echodn\u00fdmi.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Co jsou \u0161edim v \u017eidovsk\u00e9 tradici?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"\u0160edim (mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo od \u0161ed, hebrejsky \u05e9\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd) jsou v \u017eidovsk\u00e9 tradici t\u0159\u00eddou duchovn\u00edch bytost\u00ed, obvykle charakterizovanou jako destruktivn\u00ed nebo p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm mor\u00e1ln\u011b ambivalentn\u00ed.V Tanachu se tento pojem objevuje jen z\u0159\u00eddka (5. Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova 32,17; \u017dalm 106,37), kde ozna\u010duje pohansk\u00e9 bohy, jim\u017e Izraelit\u00e9 ob\u011btovali sv\u00e9 syny. V Talmudu (zejm\u00e9na Pesachim 110a-112b) jsou \u0161edim poj\u00edm\u00e1ni jako skute\u010dn\u00e9, nadp\u0159irozen\u00e9 bytosti, kter\u00e9 \u017eij\u00ed na z\u00e1chodech, na k\u0159i\u017eovatk\u00e1ch cest, ve vesnic\u00edch a v ostru\u017einov\u00fdch hou\u0161tin\u00e1ch.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Jak se \u0161edim li\u0161\u00ed od mazikim a lilin?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"\u017didovsk\u00e1 demonologie rozli\u0161uje n\u011bkolik t\u0159\u00edd: \u0161edim jsou nejobecn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddou, t\u011blesn\u011b podobn\u00e9, rozumn\u00e9 bytosti se svobodnou v\u016fl\u00ed. Mazikim (\u0161k\u016fdci) jsou zam\u011b\u0159eni specificky na zp\u016fsobov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kod. Lilin jsou potomky Lilith, no\u010dn\u00ed d\u00e9moni.Ruchot jsou \u010dist\u011b duchovn\u00ed bytosti, n\u011bkdy odlou\u010den\u00e9 du\u0161e. V Talmudu (Chagiga 16a) se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee \u0161edim se s lidmi shoduj\u00ed ve t\u0159ech vlastnostech (jeden\u00ed, rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, smrtelnost) a s and\u011bly ve t\u0159ech (k\u0159\u00eddla, v\u0161ev\u011bdoucnost, neviditelnost), jsou tedy bytostmi p\u0159echodn\u00fdmi.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1690,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Shedim","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Shedim - Klasick\u00fd pojem demona v judaismu","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Shedim, klasick\u00fd pojem demona v judaismu: mezi Talmudem a zakl\u00ednac\u00ed miskou, s mezopot\u00e1msk\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny. Religionistick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"judentum","wesen_klasse":"daemonen","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145135","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Shedim - Klasick\u00fd pojem demona v judaismu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Shedim, klasick\u00fd pojem demona v judaismu: mezi Talmudem a zakl\u00ednac\u00ed miskou, s mezopot\u00e1msk\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny. Religionistick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/shedim\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Shedim\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Shedim, klasick\u00fd pojem demona v judaismu: mezi Talmudem a zakl\u00ednac\u00ed miskou, s mezopot\u00e1msk\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny. Religionistick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/shedim\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-03T16:47:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_shedim.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/shedim\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/shedim\\\/\",\"name\":\"Shedim - Klasick\u00fd pojem demona v judaismu\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/shedim\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/shedim\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/daemonen_judentum_shedim.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-03T16:27:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-03T16:47:45+00:00\",\"description\":\"Shedim, klasick\u00fd pojem demona v judaismu: mezi Talmudem a zakl\u00ednac\u00ed miskou, s mezopot\u00e1msk\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny. Religionistick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/shedim\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/shedim\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/shedim\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/daemonen_judentum_shedim.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/daemonen_judentum_shedim.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"D\u00e9moni z judaistick\u00e9 tradice.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/shedim\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/?page_id=145107\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Shedim\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/shedim\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/shedim\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Shedim\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-03T16:27:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-03T16:47:45+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/shedim\\\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/shedim\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/daemonen_judentum_shedim.webp\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"description\":\"Shedim, klasick\u00fd pojem demona v judaismu: mezi Talmudem a zakl\u00ednac\u00ed miskou, s mezopot\u00e1msk\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny. Religionistick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed.\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Shedim - Klasick\u00fd pojem demona v judaismu","description":"Shedim, klasick\u00fd pojem demona v judaismu: mezi Talmudem a zakl\u00ednac\u00ed miskou, s mezopot\u00e1msk\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny. Religionistick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/shedim\/","og_locale":"cs_CZ","og_type":"article","og_title":"Shedim","og_description":"Shedim, klasick\u00fd pojem demona v judaismu: mezi Talmudem a zakl\u00ednac\u00ed miskou, s mezopot\u00e1msk\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny. Religionistick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/shedim\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-09-03T16:47:45+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_shedim.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/shedim\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/shedim\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Shedim","datePublished":"2026-09-03T16:27:24+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-03T16:47:45+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/shedim\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/shedim\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_shedim.webp","inLanguage":"cs","description":"Shedim, klasick\u00fd pojem demona v judaismu: mezi Talmudem a zakl\u00ednac\u00ed miskou, s mezopot\u00e1msk\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny. Religionistick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/shedim\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/shedim\/","name":"Shedim - Klasick\u00fd pojem demona v judaismu","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/shedim\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/shedim\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_shedim.webp","datePublished":"2026-09-03T16:27:24+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-03T16:47:45+00:00","description":"Shedim, klasick\u00fd pojem demona v judaismu: mezi Talmudem a zakl\u00ednac\u00ed miskou, s mezopot\u00e1msk\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny. Religionistick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/shedim\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"cs","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/shedim\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/shedim\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_shedim.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_shedim.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"D\u00e9moni z judaistick\u00e9 tradice."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/shedim\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145107"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Shedim"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"cs"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/shedim\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/shedim\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Shedim","datePublished":"2026-09-03T16:27:24+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-03T16:47:45+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/shedim\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/shedim\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_shedim.webp","inLanguage":"cs","description":"Shedim, klasick\u00fd pojem demona v judaismu: mezi Talmudem a zakl\u00ednac\u00ed miskou, s mezopot\u00e1msk\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny. Religionistick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/145135","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=145135"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/145135\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1690"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=145135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=145135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}