{"id":145126,"date":"2026-09-03T16:27:19","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:27:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145126"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:47:31","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:47:31","slug":"keres","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/keres\/","title":{"rendered":"Keres"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145126\" class=\"elementor elementor-145126 elementor-841\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keres, duch z \u0159eck\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Keres je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159isuzuje p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> z \u0159eck\u00e9 tradice.<\/p><p><strong>D\u00e9moni boji\u0161t\u011b, poslov\u00e9 smrti z \u0159eck\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dif-keres\">Keres na H\u00e9siodov\u011b boji\u0161ti<\/h2>\n<p>Keres jsou <strong>d\u00e9moni boji\u0161t\u011b<\/strong> \u0159eck\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span>, kte\u0159\u00ed podle H\u00e9sioda (\u0160t\u00edt H\u00e9rakl\u016fv 248-257; Theogonie 211) poch\u00e1zej\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b s Thanatem a Hypnem z rodu Nyx. Jsou <strong>\u010dern\u00e9, s dlouh\u00fdmi pazoury a tes\u00e1ky, od\u011bn\u00e9 do krv\u00ed zbrocen\u00fdch \u0161at\u016f<\/strong>, vzn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed se nad boji\u0161ti a vytrh\u00e1vaj\u00ed du\u0161e um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p><p>Na rozd\u00edl od Er\u00edny\u00ed nepron\u00e1sleduj\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00ed ani pr\u00e1vn\u00ed provin\u011bn\u00ed, ale zosob\u0148uj\u00ed <strong>statistickou n\u00e1silnost v\u00e1lky<\/strong>. Ve <em>\u0160t\u00edtu H\u00e9raklovu<\/em> bojuj\u00ed o mrtv\u00e1 t\u011bla jako sup nad ko\u0159ist\u00ed.<\/p><p>V p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu o <strong>Pando\u0159e<\/strong> unikaj\u00ed Keres z Pando\u0159iny otev\u0159en\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ky jako duchov\u00e9 nemoc\u00ed a zla, vedle str\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, starost\u00ed a nemoc\u00ed. Pausanias popisuje chr\u00e1mov\u00e9 v\u00fdjevy, na nich\u017e jsou Keres zobrazeny jako vyz\u00e1bl\u00e9, vyhubl\u00e9 no\u010dn\u00ed postavy. P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 postavy: Moiry (osudov\u00e9 sp\u0159\u00e1datelky), Eris (spor), Achlys (mlha smrti).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duch: Net\u011blesn\u00e1 nebo polozt\u011blesn\u011bl\u00e1 bytost, zesnul\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed bytosti, dom\u00e1c\u00ed duchov\u00e9 nebo str\u00e1\u017eci prahu. P\u016fsob\u00ed v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b, \u010dasto v\u00e1z\u00e1n na m\u00edsta nebo rodiny.\">Duch<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145121\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a mytologie antick\u00e9ho \u0158ecka od myk\u00e9nsk\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed a\u017e po pozdn\u00ed antiku.\">\u0158ecko<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145226\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zesnul\u00ed, jejich\u017e duchov\u00e9 d\u00e1le p\u016fsob\u00ed v tomto sv\u011bt\u011b, dom\u00e1c\u00ed duchov\u00e9, p\u0159edkov\u00e9, neklidn\u00ed mrtv\u00ed.\">Duch mrtv\u00e9ho<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_griechenland_keres-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1683\" alt=\"Keres\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_griechenland_keres-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_griechenland_keres-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_griechenland_keres-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_griechenland_keres.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keres<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Keres jsou d\u00e9monky smrti z \u0159eck\u00e9 tradice. Objevuj\u00ed se v\u011bt\u0161inou v hejnu, nad boji\u0161ti, a odn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed du\u0161e um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edch. Ji\u017e Hom\u00e9r je popisuje v Iliad\u011b, H\u00e9siodos ustaluje jejich <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka o obsahu obraz\u016f a jejich v\u00fdznamu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografii<\/span>. Na rozd\u00edl od jednotliv\u011b jmenovan\u00fdch postav z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed Keres z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti anonymn\u00ed, jsou t\u0159\u00eddou bytost\u00ed, nikoli jedinou bytost\u00ed.<\/p><p>Typicky se objevuj\u00ed tam, kde smrt nast\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1hle a n\u00e1siln\u011b: ve v\u00e1lce, p\u0159i morech, p\u0159i tragick\u00e9m ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. Zosob\u0148uj\u00ed n\u00e1silnou smrt samu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se jejich po\u010det i podoba m\u011bn\u00ed podle okolnost\u00ed. V pozdn\u011b antick\u00e9 recepci se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed Er\u00edny\u00edm, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed auto\u0159i tyto pojmy pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed zam\u011bniteln\u011b.<\/p><div><p><strong>Keres v hom\u00e9rsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159edstava o stavb\u011b a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologii<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p>V Hom\u00e9rov\u011b <em>Iliad\u011b<\/em> 18.535 jsou Keres pops\u00e1ny jako d\u00e9monick\u00e9 bytosti, kter\u00e9 se vzn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed nad boji\u0161ti a odn\u00edmaj\u00ed smrteln\u00edk\u016fm \u017eivot. Nejsou to bo\u017estva s vlastn\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch uct\u00edvac\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultem<\/span>, n\u00fdbr\u017e n\u00e1stroje, zosobn\u011bn\u00e9 tendence sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed ke smrti a z\u00e1niku. Hom\u00e9r je jmenuje v\u00fdhradn\u011b v mno\u017en\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle, nikdy v jednotn\u00e9m: p\u016fsob\u00ed jako roj, jejich p\u0159\u00edtomnost znamen\u00e1 bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed smrteln\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed.<\/p><p>H\u00e9siodovy <em>Pr\u00e1ce a dny<\/em> a <em>Theogonie<\/em> je za\u0159azuj\u00ed mezi dcery Noci, p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 s Ker (funkc\u00ed smrti v jednotn\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle). V t\u00e9to ran\u00e9 epice je\u0161t\u011b nemaj\u00ed ust\u00e1lenou podobu, jsou sp\u00ed\u0161e abstrakc\u00ed ne\u017e konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm zjeven\u00edm. Jejich funkce je kosmicko-nutn\u00e1: zosob\u0148uj\u00ed hranici mezi \u017eivotem a smrt\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stru\u010dn\u00fd profil: Keres<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> d\u00e9monky smrti, sb\u011bratelky du\u0161\u00ed<br>P\u016fvod: Nyx (Noc), H\u00e9siodos; nebo z prvopo\u010d\u00e1tku stvo\u0159en\u00ed<br>Texty: Hom\u00e9r, H\u00e9siodos, v\u00e1zov\u00e1 malba<br>Obdob\u00ed: od archaick\u00e9 doby po <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159echodn\u00e1 epocha mezi antikou a st\u0159edov\u011bkem, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 3. a\u017e 7. stolet\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">pozdn\u00ed antiku<\/span><br>Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed: \u0159eck\u00fd kulturn\u00ed prostor<br>Ochrana: poh\u0159ebn\u00ed ob\u0159ady; \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 specifick\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 magie, proto\u017ee Keres se objevuj\u00ed tam, kde smrt u\u017e nastala<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontext<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prvn\u00ed zm\u00ednka u Hom\u00e9ra (Ilias). H\u00e9siodos (Theogonie, \u0160t\u00edt H\u00e9rakl\u016fv) rozv\u00edj\u00ed jejich <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka o obsahu obraz\u016f a jejich v\u00fdznamu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografii<\/span>. Tragikov\u00e9 je pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako obrazn\u00e9 metafory smrti. V pozdn\u011b klasick\u00e9 a hel\u00e9nistick\u00e9 dob\u011b se v literatu\u0159e bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed Er\u00edny\u00edm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0158eck\u00fd j\u00e1drov\u00fd prostor. Nejde o samostatnou historii \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1z\u00e1n na hom\u00e9rsko-h\u00e9siodskou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici<\/span>, motivicky v\u0161ak dozn\u00edv\u00e1 a\u017e do \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 a byzantsk\u00e9 literatury.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Epick\u00e1 a tragick\u00e1 literatura; popisy na H\u00e9siodov\u011b \u201e\u0160t\u00edtu H\u00e9raklovu&#8220;; ikonograficky ve v\u00e1zov\u00e9 malb\u011b. Na rozd\u00edl od Lamie nebo Emp\u00fasy chyb\u00ed lidov\u00e1 magick\u00e1 amuletov\u00e1 kultura na ochranu proti nim.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a varianty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u0158ecky:<\/strong> <em>\u039a\u03ae\u03c1<\/em> (Ker, jednotn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo), <em>\u039a\u1fc6\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2<\/em> (Keres, mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo).<br>Etymologie: souvis\u00ed s v\u00fdrazy pro \u201ezk\u00e1zu&#8220;, \u201eosudovou r\u00e1nu&#8220;.<\/p><p>V <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 800 p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">antice<\/span> kol\u00eds\u00e1 jejich po\u010det. U H\u00e9sioda jsou nes\u010detn\u00e9 a prom\u011bnliv\u00e9; tragikov\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u201eKer&#8220; i metaforicky pro smrt samu. Jednotliv\u00e1 osoba se jm\u00e9nem a \u017eivotopisem neexistuje, Keres z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed anonymn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddou bytost\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Vzhled<\/strong><\/p><p>Ok\u0159\u00eddlen\u00e9 \u017eeny v tmav\u00fdch rouch\u00e1ch, s dlouh\u00fdmi tes\u00e1ky a krvav\u011b zbarven\u00fdmi pazoury. H\u00e9siodos popisuje jejich zuby jako b\u00edl\u00e9 a o\u010di jako jisk\u0159\u00edc\u00ed. Objevuj\u00ed se v hejnech, \u010dasto krou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed nad boji\u0161ti.<\/p><p><strong>Chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Odn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed du\u0161e um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edch, pij\u00ed jejich krev, p\u0159ou se o mrtv\u00e1 t\u011bla. Na rozd\u00edl od Thanata, kter\u00fd p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed klidnou smrt, jsou K\u00e9ry postavami n\u00e1siln\u00e9ho, krvav\u00e9ho a chaotick\u00e9ho um\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p><p><strong>Oblast p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Boji\u0161t\u011b, m\u00edsta moru, katastrofy. P\u016fsob\u00ed tam, kde lid\u00e9 um\u00edraj\u00ed hromadn\u011b a n\u00e1siln\u011b. V dob\u00e1ch m\u00edru jsou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nep\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9.<\/p><p><strong>Mytologick\u00fd p\u016fvod<\/strong><\/p><p>U H\u00e9sioda dcery Nyx, sestry Moir a Thanata. N\u011bkter\u00e9 tradice je pova\u017euj\u00ed za v\u00fdplody Chaosu. V obou p\u0159\u00edpadech pat\u0159\u00ed k archaick\u00e9, no\u010dn\u00ed vrstv\u011b stvo\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p><div><p><strong>K\u00e9ry a koncepty zk\u00e1zy u Plat\u00f3na a v hel\u00e9nistick\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p>Plat\u00f3n ve sv\u00fdch dialoz\u00edch K\u00e9ry p\u0159\u00edmo nezmi\u0148uje, ale koncept chtonick\u00fdch duch\u016f zk\u00e1zy formuje jeho hierarchii d\u00e9mon\u016f. V <em>Politeia<\/em> jsou ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed duchov\u00e9 klasifikov\u00e1ni jako vykonavatel\u00e9 kosmick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du, podobn\u011b jako K\u00e9ry.<\/p><p>Hel\u00e9nistick\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span>, zejm\u00e9na v orfick\u00e9 a novoplatonsk\u00e9 tradici, rozli\u0161ovala mezi vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi bo\u017estvy a ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi d\u00e9monick\u00fdmi silami, mezi n\u011b\u017e pat\u0159ily K\u00e9ry jako d\u00e9moni smrti.<\/p><p>Nebyly u\u017e ch\u00e1p\u00e1ny jako pouh\u00e9 hom\u00e9rsk\u00e9 atributy bitvy, ale jako sv\u00e9bytn\u00e1 ontologick\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda: bytosti zprost\u0159edkuj\u00edc\u00ed mezi bohy a lidmi, se specializovan\u00fdmi funkcemi v kolob\u011bhu \u017eivota a smrti. Z tohoto pohledu se K\u00e9ry staly p\u0159\u00edkladem demiurgick\u00e9ho rozd\u011blen\u00ed sv\u011bta: ka\u017ed\u00e1 s\u00edla m\u011bla svou kosmologickou niku.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: K\u00e9ry<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekty K\u00e9r na jeden pohled. Podrobnosti k n\u00e1zvu, popisu, obran\u011b a paralel\u00e1m naleznete v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch odd\u00edlech.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fvod K\u00e9r<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dcery Nyx, noci. Sestry Moir a Thanata, pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed k no\u010dn\u00ed, archaick\u00e9 vrstv\u011b stvo\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00edlov\u00e1 skupina K\u00e9r<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Voj\u00e1ci, nemocn\u00ed morem, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu na vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed vd\u011bku, prosby nebo \u00facty.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011btiny<\/span> ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a katastrof. Objevuj\u00ed se tam, kde je smrt n\u00e1siln\u00e1 a n\u00e1hl\u00e1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vzhled K\u00e9r<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ok\u0159\u00eddlen\u00e9 \u017eeny, tmav\u00e9 roucho, dlouh\u00e9 tes\u00e1ky, krvav\u00e9 pazoury. V hejnech, \u010dasto krou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed nad boji\u0161ti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00da\u010dinek K\u00e9r<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Odn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed du\u0161e, pij\u00ed krev, p\u0159ou se o mrtv\u00e1 t\u011bla. Nep\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed novou smrt, ale konzumuj\u00ed tu, kter\u00e1 ji\u017e nastala.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Obrana proti K\u00e9r\u00e1m<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 specifick\u00e1 obrann\u00e1 magie; K\u00e9ry jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed samotn\u00e9 smrti. Ochranu poskytuje jen vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se boji\u0161ti, m\u00edst\u016fm moru a n\u00e1siln\u00fdm situac\u00edm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely K\u00e9r<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Erinye (plynul\u00fd p\u0159echod), Valk\u00fdry (germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9), Gall\u00fa (mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9), Cicimimeh (azt\u00e9ck\u00e9), motivy Kosce.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">D\u00e9monologie v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ritu\u00e1ly na obranu<\/strong><\/p><p>Jednotliv\u00e9 K\u00e9ry se neoslovuj\u00ed ani se p\u0159ed nimi nikdo nebr\u00e1n\u00ed; pat\u0159\u00ed ke smrti, kter\u00e1 je nezpochybniteln\u00e1. Ritu\u00e1ln\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pochov\u00e1n\u00ed a truchlen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 reguluj\u00ed to, co K\u00e9ry nereguluj\u00ed: d\u016fstojnost rozlou\u010den\u00ed.<\/p><p><strong>Zakl\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Neexistuj\u00ed specifick\u00e1 zakl\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed proti K\u00e9r\u00e1m. V magick\u00fdch papyrech a prokl\u00ednac\u00edch tabulk\u00e1ch (defixiones) se pojem \u201eK\u00e9ry&#8220; m\u016f\u017ee vyskytovat jako v\u00fdraz pro ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed kletby, nikoli jako individu\u00e1ln\u00ed adres\u00e1ti.<\/p><p><strong>Amulety a ochrann\u00e9 symboly<\/strong><\/p><p>Obecn\u00e1 obrana proti smrti pomoc\u00ed apotropaik (Gorgoneion, falus, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 v\u00edra, \u017ee zlomysln\u00fd pohled jin\u00e9 osoby m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit \u0161kodu.\" tabindex=\"0\">uhran\u010div\u00fd pohled<\/span>). Specifick\u00e9 amulety proti K\u00e9r\u00e1m chyb\u00ed. Ochranu poskytuje sp\u00ed\u0161e vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se situac\u00edm, v nich\u017e se K\u00e9ry objevuj\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">K\u00e9ry, paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u0158\u00edm:<\/strong> Roli mstitelek p\u0159eb\u00edraj\u00ed Diry\/F\u00farie (Dirae\/Furiae), zat\u00edmco K\u00e9ry jako \u010dist\u011b smrtonosn\u00e9 bytosti v \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonu<\/span> nejsou tolik zastoupeny. M\u00edsto nich p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1 funkci jednotliv\u011b Mors (Smrt).<\/p><p><strong>Germ\u00e1nsk\u00e1 tradice:<\/strong> Valk\u00fdry odn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed padl\u00e9 z bitevn\u00edho pole. Strukturn\u011b bl\u00edzce p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9, av\u0161ak v jin\u00e9m teologick\u00e9m r\u00e1mci.<\/p><p><strong>Mezopot\u00e1mie a dal\u0161\u00ed oblasti:<\/strong> Exekuto\u0159i podsv\u011bt\u00ed Gall\u00fa jsou funk\u010dn\u011b p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed, by\u0165 v zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9m mytologick\u00e9m r\u00e1mci. V mnoha kultur\u00e1ch se objevuj\u00ed poslov\u00e9 smrti, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed v houfech a odn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed du\u0161e.<\/p><div><p><strong>K\u00e9ry v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, je\u017e se sna\u017e\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmi \u00fakony nebo formulemi zas\u00e1hnout do b\u011bhu v\u011bc\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">magick\u00fdch<\/span> papyrech a magick\u00e9 praxi<\/strong><\/p><p>V hel\u00e9nistick\u00fdch magick\u00fdch papyrech (PGM) jsou K\u00e9ry p\u0159\u00edmo vz\u00fdv\u00e1ny jen z\u0159\u00eddka, av\u0161ak koncept smrtonosn\u00fdch a zhoubn\u00fdch d\u00e9monek prostupuje magick\u00fdmi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jazykov\u00e1 formule, j\u00ed\u017e m\u00e1 b\u00fdt osob\u011b nebo v\u011bci zp\u016fsobeno ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">kletebn\u00edmi<\/span> texty. Papyry obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed kletby na roztrh\u00e1n\u00ed, vysu\u0161en\u00ed nebo ochromen\u00ed \u010dasto vz\u00fdvaj\u00ed anonymn\u00ed chtonick\u00e9 mocnosti, jejich\u017e funkce odpov\u00edd\u00e1 K\u00e9r\u00e1m: odlou\u010den\u00ed, zk\u00e1zu, odn\u011bt\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed s\u00edly.<\/p><p>Papyry ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee kouzeln\u00edci pozdn\u00ed antiky m\u011bli propracovanou teorii ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch mocnost\u00ed; ne v\u0161echny byly zl\u00e9, ale v\u0161echny byly specializovan\u00e9. K\u00e9ry pat\u0159ily do t\u0159\u00eddy nezbytn\u00fdch sil, kter\u00e9 nepot\u0159ebovaly mor\u00e1lku, proto\u017ee jejich \u00fakol vych\u00e1zel z kosmick\u00e9ho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p><p>Kouzeln\u00edk, kter\u00fd cht\u011bl p\u0159ivodit nemoc nebo oslaben\u00ed, nevz\u00fdval tyto mocnosti jako nep\u0159\u00e1tele, n\u00fdbr\u017e jako technick\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, jejich\u017e pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo etick\u00e9 od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8602301 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp8602301\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7b7edad elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp7b7edad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">K\u00e9ry u Hom\u00e9ra: Smrt na boji\u0161ti<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbfea484 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpbfea484\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp74cc2f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp74cc2f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejstar\u0161\u00ed a nejhutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed doklady o K\u00e9r\u00e1ch poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z hom\u00e9rsk\u00fdch epos\u016f, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z <em>Ilias<\/em>. K\u00e9ry tam nejsou abstraktn\u00edmi personifikacemi, ale jsou \u00fazce spjaty se zku\u0161enost\u00ed n\u00e1siln\u00e9 smrti ve v\u00e1lce.<\/p><p>\u0158eck\u00e9 slovo <em>k\u0113r<\/em> ozna\u010duje nejprve \u00fad\u011bl smrti p\u0159isouzen\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bku, zk\u00e1zu, kter\u00e1 ho postihne. V mno\u017en\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle pak K\u00e9ry vystupuj\u00ed jako duchovit\u00e9 bytosti, kter\u00e9 tuto smrt p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed nebo ji zt\u011bles\u0148uj\u00ed.<\/p><p>Slavn\u00e9 je m\u00edsto, kde se v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed \u00fad\u011bly smrti: Zeus v devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9m zp\u011bvu <em>Ilias<\/em> vlo\u017e\u00ed K\u00e9ry Achillea a Hektora na svou v\u00e1hu, a t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00fad\u011bl kles\u00e1 do podsv\u011bt\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e je rozhodnut Hektor\u016fv osud.<\/p><p>Zde je K\u00e9r t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 toto\u017en\u00e1 s osobn\u00edm osudem hrdiny. Na jin\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, v osmn\u00e1ct\u00e9m zp\u011bvu, se na Achilleov\u011b \u0161t\u00edtu objevuje d\u011bsiv\u00e1 K\u00e9ra v bitevn\u00ed v\u0159av\u011b, v zakrv\u00e1cen\u00e9m rouchu, jak za nohy odtahuje z boje padl\u00e9 a ran\u011bn\u00e9.<\/p><p>Z t\u011bchto m\u00edst vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 dvoj\u00ed obraz. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b je K\u00e9r individu\u00e1ln\u00edm osudem smrti, kter\u00fd je stanoven ji\u017e p\u0159i narozen\u00ed; Achilleus mluv\u00ed o dvou K\u00e9r\u00e1ch, mezi nimi\u017e si m\u016f\u017ee vybrat, o kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m a slavn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b nebo o dlouh\u00e9m a bezv\u00fdznamn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b jsou K\u00e9ry jednaj\u00edc\u00ed, krv\u00ed \u017e\u00edzn\u00edc\u00ed bytosti, kter\u00e9 se pohybuj\u00ed po boji\u0161ti.<\/p><p>Badatel\u00e9 se dlouho dohadovali, zda se zde jedn\u00e1 o dv\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy, nebo zda jde o aspekty jedin\u00e9. Mnoh\u00e9 nasv\u011bd\u010duje tomu, \u017ee \u0158ekov\u00e9 mohli smrt vn\u00edmat jak jako p\u0159id\u011blenou m\u00edru, tak jako \u00fato\u010d\u00edc\u00ed moc, ani\u017e by v tom vid\u011bli rozpor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbd673b2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpbd673b2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0a14da8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp0a14da8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">K\u00e9ry, Moiry a Thanatos: vymezen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch moc\u00ed smrti<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp890fc3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp890fc3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp209632e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp209632e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>K\u00e9ry stoj\u00ed v \u0159eck\u00e9m my\u0161len\u00ed vedle n\u011bkolika dal\u0161\u00edch moc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 souvisej\u00ed se smrt\u00ed a osudem, a jejich p\u0159esn\u00e9 vymezen\u00ed nebylo z\u0159ejm\u00e9 ani antick\u00fdm autor\u016fm. Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je rozli\u0161en\u00ed od <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145560\">Moir<\/a>, t\u0159\u00ed p\u0159adlen osudu.<\/p><p>Zat\u00edmco Moiry u H\u00e9sioda a v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tradici p\u0159id\u011bluj\u00ed, m\u011b\u0159\u00ed a p\u0159e\u0159\u00edznou m\u00edru \u017eivota, tedy zt\u011bles\u0148uj\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed str\u00e1nku osudu, K\u00e9ry stoj\u00ed v\u00edce za konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed, \u010dasto n\u00e1silnou a zlov\u011bstnou smrt.<\/p><p>H\u00e9siodos v <em>Theogonii<\/em> spojuje ob\u011b s Nyx, Noc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je rod\u00ed bez otce; v jeho v\u00fd\u010dtu se objevuj\u00ed K\u00e9ry, Moiry, Thanatos, Hypnos a dal\u0161\u00ed temn\u00e9 bytosti jako sourozenci.<\/p><p>Tato genealogie za\u0159azuje K\u00e9ry k no\u010dn\u00ed, tajemn\u00e9 stran\u011b kosmu. Od Thanata, klidn\u00e9 personifikace samotn\u00e9 smrti, se K\u00e9ry li\u0161\u00ed sv\u00fdm aktivn\u00edm, drav\u010d\u00edm charakterem. Thanatos si smrt odn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed, K\u00e9ry ji trhaj\u00ed.<\/p><p>V <em>Aspis<\/em>, b\u00e1sni o \u0161t\u00edtu tradovan\u00e9 pod H\u00e9siodov\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 drastick\u00fd popis: K\u00e9ry jsou tam pops\u00e1ny jako modr\u00e9, s b\u00edle vycen\u011bn\u00fdmi zuby, jak se p\u0159ou o padl\u00e9, zat\u00ednaj\u00ed jim dr\u00e1py do t\u011bla a pij\u00ed temnou krev.<\/p><p>Toto up\u00edrsk\u00e9 vyl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed k nejpodrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm z cel\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Obdob\u00ed \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b od 800 p\u0159. n. l. do 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">antiky<\/span>. Badatel\u00e9 upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee se K\u00e9ry t\u00edmto nejv\u00edce bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed p\u0159edstav\u011b krv\u00ed se syt\u00edc\u00edch d\u00e9mon\u016f boji\u0161t\u011b a \u017ee se pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u00edm odli\u0161uj\u00ed od vzne\u0161en\u011bji pojat\u00fdch Moir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe357717 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpe357717\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d7b0d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2d7b0d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ath\u00e9nsk\u00fd sv\u00e1tek Anthesterie a vyh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed K\u00e9r<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7d73762 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp7d73762\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpba9eef3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpba9eef3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Krom\u011b epick\u00e9 poezie jsou K\u00e9ry spojeny tak\u00e9 s ath\u00e9nsk\u00fdm sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm kalend\u00e1\u0159em, a to s <em>Anthesteriemi<\/em>, jarn\u00edm sv\u00e1tkem na po\u010dest Dion\u00fdsa v m\u011bs\u00edci Anthesterion. Tento t\u0159\u00eddenn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek m\u011bl vylo\u017een\u011b ambivalentn\u00ed charakter.<\/p><p>Slavil se nov\u00fd v\u00edno, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za dobu, kdy se ve m\u011bst\u011b pohybovali mrtv\u00ed a nebezpe\u010dn\u00ed duchov\u00e9. Posledn\u00ed den, <em>Chytroi<\/em>, byl zasv\u011bcen zesnul\u00fdm a chtonick\u00fdm mocnostem.<\/p><p>Z antick\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed mezi generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span>, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm od pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch lexikograf\u016f a scholiast\u016f, je zn\u00e1mo r\u010den\u00ed: &#8222;Ven, K\u00e9ry, Anthesterie skon\u010dily&#8220;. Z\u0159ejm\u011b se pron\u00e1\u0161elo na konci sv\u00e1tku, aby byli duchov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed byli po dobu sv\u00e1tku vpu\u0161t\u011bni nebo trp\u011bni, znovu vyhn\u00e1ni z dom\u016f a z m\u011bsta.<\/p><p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 prameny \u010dtou m\u00edsto &#8222;K\u00e9ry&#8220; tak\u00e9 &#8222;Kares&#8220;, tedy Karov\u00e9, co\u017e vedlo k r\u016fzn\u00fdm v\u00fdklad\u016fm. Religionistick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum, nap\u0159\u00edklad v klasick\u00fdch prac\u00edch Erwina Rohdeho a Jane Harrisonov\u00e9, se t\u00edmto m\u00edstem intenzivn\u011b zab\u00fdval.<\/p><p>Pokud je \u010dten\u00ed &#8222;K\u00e9ry&#8220; spr\u00e1vn\u00e9, vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z toho d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pozn\u00e1n\u00ed: K\u00e9ry nebyly jen liter\u00e1rn\u00edmi postavami eposu, ale sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u017eiv\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed praxe. B\u011bhem Anthesteri\u00ed se ve\u0159eje dve\u0159\u00ed nat\u00edraly prysky\u0159ic\u00ed a dodr\u017eovaly se ur\u010dit\u00e9 zvyky, kter\u00e9 r\u00e1movaly tento nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd sv\u00e1tek.<\/p><p>K\u00e9ry se zde jev\u00ed jako otev\u0159en\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda duch\u016f zem\u0159el\u00fdch a mocnost\u00ed ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se po omezenou dobu trp\u011bly a pot\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1le\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed k ust\u00e1len\u00e9mu n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9mu postupu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1ln\u011b<\/span> vyh\u00e1n\u011bly. K\u00e9ry tak pat\u0159\u00ed do \u0161irok\u00e9ho \u0159eck\u00e9ho okruhu p\u0159edstav o du\u0161\u00edch, kte\u0159\u00ed v p\u0159echodn\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch roku vnikaj\u00ed do lidsk\u00e9ho sv\u011bta a mus\u00ed b\u00fdt znovu zapuzeni pevn\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e1 posloupnost symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lem<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa2f747d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa2f747d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe0b90e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpe0b90e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pojmu: K\u00e9ry jako d\u00e9moni nemoci a ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp33e1509 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp33e1509\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp11c849e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp11c849e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, posthom\u00e9rsk\u00e9 literatu\u0159e se pojem Ker roz\u0161i\u0159uje daleko za smrt na boji\u0161ti. U H\u00e9sioda a v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch textech m\u016f\u017ee <em>k\u0113r<\/em> ozna\u010dovat jakoukoli formu zk\u00e1zy: nemoc, st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, hlad, \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed, jak\u00e9koli zlo, kter\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bka postihne. K\u00e9ry se tak st\u00e1vaj\u00ed souhrnnou kategori\u00ed pro v\u0161e, co \u017eivot zkracuje, po\u0161kozuje a kon\u010d\u00ed.<\/p><p>Toto roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdznamu je zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 patrn\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu o Pando\u0159e. Z otev\u0159en\u00e9 n\u00e1doby, kterou Pandora podle H\u00e9sioda p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed, unikaj\u00ed zla na lidstvo; v antick\u00e9m v\u00fdkladu byly tyto pohromy \u010dasto ztoto\u017e\u0148ov\u00e1ny s K\u00e9rami nebo do jejich bl\u00edzkosti \u0159azeny.<\/p><p>Tak\u00e9 ve v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9m um\u011bn\u00ed se objevuj\u00ed ok\u0159\u00eddlen\u00e9 postavy spojen\u00e9 s nemoc\u00ed a smrt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou spojov\u00e1ny s K\u00e9rami, i kdy\u017e ikonografick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed \u010dasto z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nejist\u00e9, proto\u017ee se zobrazen\u00ed K\u00e9r, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145127\">Er\u00edny\u00ed<\/a>, harpyj\u00ed a sir\u00e9n vz\u00e1jemn\u011b p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00ed.<\/p><p>Tato pojmov\u00e1 otev\u0159enost je pro pochopen\u00ed K\u00e9r z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. Nikdy nebyly jasn\u011b vymezen\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonem<\/span> s pevn\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny a funkcemi, jako tomu bylo nap\u0159\u00edklad u dvan\u00e1cti olympsk\u00fdch boh\u016f.<\/p><p>Badatel\u00e9 popisuj\u00ed K\u00e9ry sp\u00ed\u0161e jako p\u0159edstavovou kategorii: jako zosobn\u011bnou mnohost forem smrti a \u017eivotn\u00edch strast\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato neur\u010ditost je u\u010dinila pro \u0159eck\u00e9 b\u00e1sn\u00edky a myslitele pou\u017eiteln\u00fdmi.<\/p><p>V\u017edy, kdy\u017e \u0161lo o to zachytit ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed jako jednaj\u00edc\u00ed moc, ani\u017e by se mu p\u0159iznal pln\u00fd status jmenovan\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estva<\/span>, bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 mluvit o K\u00e9 nebo o K\u00e9r\u00e1ch. Stoj\u00ed tak na hranici mezi personifikac\u00ed, pojmem osudu a demonologi\u00ed, a pr\u00e1v\u011b na t\u00e9to hranici spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 jejich religionistick\u00fd v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpaa4ebda e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpaa4ebda\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf7b01df elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf7b01df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed K\u00e9r v pozdn\u011b antick\u00e9 a novo\u0159eck\u00e9 tradici<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp70a8cae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp70a8cae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp316af1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp316af1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ot\u00e1zka, zda a jak K\u00e9ry p\u0159e\u017eily konec antick\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, je ve folkloristick\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu hojn\u011b diskutovan\u00e1. \u010casto citovan\u00fd proud spojuje antick\u00e9 K\u00e9ry s novo\u0159eck\u00fdm <em>Charosem<\/em> nebo <em>Charontasem<\/em> a s dal\u0161\u00edmi postavami smrti v \u0159eck\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 tradici.<\/p><p>Skute\u010dn\u011b se jm\u00e9no antick\u00e9ho p\u0159evozn\u00edka Charona v novo\u0159eck\u00e9m lidov\u00e9m pod\u00e1n\u00ed prom\u011bnilo v aktivn\u00ed, \u010dasto j\u00edzdn\u00ed postavu smrti, kter\u00e1 si lidi odv\u00e1d\u00ed.<\/p><p>Badatel\u00e9 19. a po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed, mezi nimi Bernhard Schmidt ve sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci o lidov\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b novodob\u00fdch \u0158ek\u016f, se sna\u017eili v takov\u00fdch postav\u00e1ch spat\u0159ovat p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed antick\u00fdch d\u00e9mon\u016f smrti. Dne\u0161n\u00ed v\u00fdzkum je v tomto ohledu opatrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p><p>Zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee mezi antick\u00fdmi K\u00e9rami a novo\u0159eck\u00fdmi p\u0159edstavami o smrti nelze prok\u00e1zat nep\u0159eru\u0161enou linii a \u017ee mezi n\u011b vstupuj\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9, byzantsk\u00e9 a lidov\u011b-kulturn\u00ed vrstvy. P\u0159\u00edmou toto\u017enost antick\u00e9 K\u00e9 a novo\u0159eck\u00e9ho Charose nelze dolo\u017eit.<\/p><p>Co se naopak d\u00e1 seri\u00f3zn\u011b tvrdit: \u0159eck\u00e1 kultura si po stalet\u00ed zachovala sklon ch\u00e1pat smrt jako jednaj\u00edc\u00ed, \u010dasto hrozivou postavu, nikoli jen jako stav.<\/p><p>V t\u00e9to dlouh\u00e9 linii stoj\u00ed K\u00e9 na po\u010d\u00e1tku. V modern\u00ed recepci, v encyklopedi\u00edch <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span>, ve fantasy literatu\u0159e a v po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch hr\u00e1ch se K\u00e9ry znovu objevuj\u00ed, nej\u010dast\u011bji jako ok\u0159\u00eddlen\u00ed duchov\u00e9 smrti nebo obecn\u00ed bojov\u00ed d\u00e9moni.<\/p><p>Tato zobrazen\u00ed navazuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na drastick\u00fd popis z <em>Aspis<\/em> a z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti vynech\u00e1vaj\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekty, pojem osudu a ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed zapojen\u00ed. Pro v\u011bdeck\u00e9 zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed odli\u0161ovat popul\u00e1rn\u00ed zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed od vrstevnat\u00e9 antick\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdomost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Doporu\u010den\u00e9 intern\u00ed odkazy:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145121\">\u0158ecko<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145127\">Er\u00ednye<\/a> (bl\u00edzk\u00fd p\u0159echod)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145114\">Gallu<\/a> (mezopotamsk\u00e1 paralela)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145278\">Thanatos<\/a> a Moiry (mytologick\u00fd kontext)<\/li><li>Bojov\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span> a kult mrtv\u00fdch<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prameny a literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>V\u00fdb\u011br kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch prac\u00ed o K\u00e9r\u00e1ch a \u0159eck\u00fdch p\u0159edstav\u00e1ch o smrti:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Vermeule, Emily: <em>Aspects of Death in Early Greek Art and Poetry<\/em>. Berkeley 1979.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Burkert, Walter: <em>Griechische Religion der archaischen und klassischen Epoche<\/em>. Stuttgart 1977.<\/span><\/li><li>Wachsmuth, Dietrich: \u201eKeres&#8220;, in: <em>Der kleine Pauly<\/em>, Bd. 3.<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Sourvinou-Inwood, Christiane: <em>&#39;Reading&#39; Greek Death<\/em>. Oxford 1995.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><p><strong>Standardn\u00ed literatura (\u0158ecko):<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet><strong>Bremmer, Jan N.<\/strong>: <em>Greek Religion. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1999.<\/em><\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet><strong>Bonnefoy, Yves<\/strong>: <em>Greek and Egyptian Mythologies. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1992.<\/em><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dal\u0161\u00ed standardn\u00ed d\u00edla najdete v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145257\">seznamu literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-keres-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-keres-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-keres\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-keres-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-keres-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Zde popsan\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 praxe je v\u011bdeck\u00fdm za\u0159azen\u00edm historick\u00fdch tradic. iWell Guard navazuje na tuto kulturn\u011b-historickou linii nositeln\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a p\u0159edstavuje jejich sou\u010dasnou formu. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1683,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Keres, d\u00e9moni boji\u0161t\u011b","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Keres - d\u00e9moni boji\u0161t\u011b","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Keres, d\u00e9moni boji\u0161t\u011b a poslov\u00e9 smrti z \u0159eck\u00e9 mytologie. 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