{"id":145125,"date":"2026-09-03T16:27:18","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:27:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145125"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:47:31","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:47:31","slug":"empusa","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/empusa\/","title":{"rendered":"Empusa"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145125\" class=\"elementor elementor-145125 elementor-840\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Empusa, d\u00e9monka \u0159eck\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Prom\u011bnliv\u00e1 no\u010dn\u00ed d\u00e9monka v doprovodu Hekaty.<\/strong> \u0158eck\u00e1 tradice popisuje Empusu jako prom\u011bnlivou d\u00e9monku v doprovodu Hekaty.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00e9mon \/ d\u00e9monka: Nadp\u0159irozen\u00e1 bytost s obvykle \u0161kodliv\u00fdm nebo ambivalentn\u00edm p\u016fsoben\u00edm. Stoj\u00ed mezi bohy a lidmi, zp\u016fsobuje nemoc, poku\u0161en\u00ed nebo ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a je odh\u00e1n\u011bna zakl\u00edn\u00e1n\u00edm, apotropaiky a ritu\u00e1ly.\">D\u00e9monka<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145121\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a mytologie starov\u011bk\u00e9ho \u0158ecka od myk\u00e9nsk\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed do pozdn\u00ed antiky.\">\u0158ecko<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_griechenland_empusa-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147564\" alt=\"Empusa - d\u00e9moni z \u0159eck\u00e9 tradice, historicko-ilustrativn\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_griechenland_empusa-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_griechenland_empusa-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_griechenland_empusa-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_griechenland_empusa.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Empusa<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Empusa je jednou z nejcharakteristi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch no\u010dn\u00edch postav \u0159eck\u00e9 tradice: prom\u011bnliv\u00e1 bytost, kter\u00e1 se zjevuje poutn\u00edk\u016fm, p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 podobu kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 \u017eeny a sv\u00e1d\u00ed, vys\u00e1v\u00e1 a zab\u00edj\u00ed sv\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu na vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed d\u00edk\u016f, prosby nebo \u00facty.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011bti<\/span>. Pat\u0159\u00ed k doprovodu Hekaty a zjevuje se zejm\u00e9na na k\u0159i\u017eovatk\u00e1ch a v odlehl\u00fdch m\u00edstech v noci.<\/p><p>V antick\u00e9 literatu\u0159e se poprv\u00e9 objevuje u Aristofana, pozd\u011bji prominentn\u011b u Filostrata ve <em>Vita Apollonii<\/em>, kde se vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 za p\u016fvabnou \u017eenu a je odhalena a\u017e d\u00edky mudrcovstv\u00ed Apoll\u00f3nia. Jej\u00ed nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost: bronzov\u00e1 noha, druh\u00e1 jako osl\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rychl\u00fd p\u0159ehled: Empusa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> Prom\u011bnliv\u00e1 a no\u010dn\u00ed d\u00e9monka<br>P\u016fvod: doprovod Hekaty<br>Texty: Aristofan\u00e9s, Filostratos, magick\u00e9 papyry, byzantsk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy a zvyky roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">lidov\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd sv\u011bt<\/span><br>Obdob\u00ed: od klasick\u00e9 doby po <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159echodn\u00e1 epocha mezi antikou a st\u0159edov\u011bkem, zhruba 3. a\u017e 7. stolet\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">pozdn\u00ed antiku<\/span> a byzantskou dobu<br>Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed: \u0159ecko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd kulturn\u00ed okruh<br>Odvr\u00e1cen\u00ed: ur\u00e1\u017eka (podle Aristofana ji zah\u00e1n\u00ed), za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, ob\u011bti na k\u0159i\u017eovatk\u00e1ch<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejstar\u0161\u00ed doklady u Aristofana (5. stol. p\u0159. n. l., <em>\u017d\u00e1by<\/em>). Rozvinut\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bc\u00ed podoba u Filostrata (2.\/3. stol. n. l.). Magick\u00e9 papyry ji zmi\u0148uj\u00ed v souvislosti s no\u010dn\u00edmi za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edmi. V byzantsk\u00e9m lidov\u00e9m n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1 a\u017e do st\u0159edov\u011bku.<\/p><p><strong>Mytologick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Empusa je v \u0159eck\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v dan\u00e9 kultu\u0159e.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span> d\u00e9monick\u00e1 bytost, slu\u017eebnice Hekaty, kter\u00e1 v noci sv\u00e1d\u00ed a po\u017e\u00edr\u00e1 poutn\u00edky. Je to prom\u011bnitelka tvar\u016f, \u010dasto s abnorm\u00e1ln\u00edmi nohama. Empusy jsou p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 s Lamiami, ale zaj\u00edm\u00e1 je m\u00e9n\u011b krev ne\u017e maso. Zt\u011bles\u0148uj\u00ed no\u010dn\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>J\u00e1drovou oblast\u00ed je \u0159eck\u00fd sv\u011bt, pevnina, ostrovy, maloasijsk\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. Zm\u00ednky o Empuse se objevuj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na v attick\u00fdch komedi\u00edch (Aristofan\u00e9s, <em>\u017d\u00e1by<\/em> 285, 293) a v pozdn\u011b antick\u00fdch spisech o kultech Hekaty. V \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159echodn\u00e1 epocha mezi antikou a st\u0159edov\u011bkem, zhruba 3. a\u017e 7. stolet\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">pozdn\u00ed antice<\/span> se profil Empusy \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b sl\u00e9v\u00e1 s Lamiou a s okruhem Strix.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jednotliv\u00e9 liter\u00e1rn\u00ed doklady, magick\u00e9 papyry, byzantsk\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 literatura. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed obrazov\u00e1 tradice; popis \u017eije z liter\u00e1rn\u00edch detail\u016f, zejm\u00e9na z vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed Filostrata.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u0158ecky:<\/strong> \u1f1c\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 (<em>Empousa<\/em>), etymologie nejist\u00e1. Mo\u017en\u00e9 odvozen\u00ed od <em>en-pous<\/em> (\u201ejednonoh\u00e1&#8220;) vzhledem k jej\u00ed charakteristick\u00e9 jedn\u00e9 osl\u00ed noze. Jin\u00ed badatel\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed p\u0159ed\u0159eck\u00fd p\u016fvod. Mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo: Empusy, Empusai. P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e1 s Mormolykeiai (postavy pro stra\u0161en\u00ed), Lamiai a s Hekatou jako no\u010dn\u00ed v\u016fdkyn\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charakteristiky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Vzhled<\/strong><\/p><p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed podoba: \u017eensk\u00e1 postava, \u010dasto kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 a sv\u016fdn\u00e1. Charakteristick\u00fd znak: bronzov\u00e1 noha, druh\u00e1 jako osl\u00ed. Popisuj\u00ed se prom\u011bny mezi \u017eenou, fenou, kr\u00e1vou a jin\u00fdmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty.<\/p><p><strong>Chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Empusa vych\u00e1z\u00ed poutn\u00edk\u016fm, zejm\u00e9na osamocen\u00fdm, vst\u0159\u00edc v noci na k\u0159i\u017eovatk\u00e1ch nebo v odlehl\u00fdch m\u00edstech. Vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 se za spole\u010dnici na cest\u011b, milenku, pot\u00e9 se odhal\u00ed jako zv\u00ed\u0159e. Jej\u00edm c\u00edlem je vys\u00e1t\u00ed a zabit\u00ed ob\u011bti.<\/p><p><strong>P\u016fsobnost<\/strong><\/p><p>Noc, k\u0159i\u017eovatky, odlehl\u00e9 cesty, hostiny s cizinci. P\u016fsob\u00ed tam, kde chyb\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed ochrann\u00fd prostor.<\/p><p><strong>Mytologick\u00fd p\u016fvod<\/strong><\/p><p>Doprovod Hekaty, bez vlastn\u00ed rodinn\u00e9 historie. Empusa nen\u00ed b\u00fdvalou bohyn\u00ed jako Lamia, ale od po\u010d\u00e1tku d\u00e9monickou slu\u017eebnic\u00ed no\u010dn\u00ed bohyn\u011b.<\/p><p><strong>Vzhled a symbolika<\/strong><\/p><p>Empusa je zobrazov\u00e1na s lidsk\u00fdm horn\u00edm t\u011blem a abnorm\u00e1ln\u00edmi nohama, jedna noha z bronzu, druh\u00e1 osl\u00ed kopyto. N\u011bkdy nos\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed hlavu nebo masku. Vyza\u0159uje z n\u00ed ohe\u0148. Vyza\u0159uje pocit anom\u00e1lie a nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. Je s n\u00ed spojena symbolika Hekaty.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Empusa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekty Empusy na prvn\u00ed pohled. Podrobnosti k jm\u00e9nu, popisu, odvr\u00e1cen\u00ed a paralel\u00e1m naleznete v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch odd\u00edlech.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kulturn\u00ed kontext<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Doprovod Hekaty. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 bo\u017esk\u00e1 genealogie, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd vlastn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o p\u016fvodu, Empusa je \u010dist\u011b no\u010dn\u00ed bytost.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vztahuje se na<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Osamocen\u011b cestuj\u00edc\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na mlad\u00ed mu\u017ei. Lid\u00e9 na ciz\u00ed p\u016fd\u011b, na k\u0159i\u017eovatk\u00e1ch, p\u0159i no\u010dn\u00edch hostin\u00e1ch s nezn\u00e1m\u00fdmi osobami.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zobrazen\u00ed<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u017dena, \u010dasto kr\u00e1sn\u00e1; jedna noha bronzov\u00e1, druh\u00e1 jako osl\u00ed. Prom\u011b\u0148uje se v fenu, kr\u00e1vu a nakonec ve svou \u201epravou&#8220; d\u011bsivou podobu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fsobnost<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sveden\u00ed, vys\u00e1t\u00ed, smrt. Jej\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed je pomal\u00e9, nejde o n\u00e1hl\u00fd \u00fatok, ale o inscenaci klamu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrana<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Podle Aristofana: ur\u00e1\u017eka ji zah\u00e1n\u00ed. Filostratos: ustupuje p\u0159ed vy\u0159\u010denou pravdou. Magick\u00e9 papyry uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 formule s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vac\u00ed osloven\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo s\u00edly.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00edm<\/span> Hekaty.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely Empusy<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lil\u012btu, Lamia, Strix (\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1), Vrykolakas (byzantsk\u00e1), Inkubus\/Sukubus (st\u0159edov\u011bko-k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd), no\u010dn\u00ed mora.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e1 praxe<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ritu\u00e1ly na obranu<\/strong><\/p><p>Na k\u0159i\u017eovatk\u00e1ch cest byly Hekat\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161eny <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed vd\u011b\u010dnost, prosbu nebo \u00factu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011bti<\/span>, placky, vejce, \u010dern\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Tyto <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed vd\u011b\u010dnost, prosbu nebo \u00factu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011bti<\/span> m\u011bly z\u00e1rove\u0148 naklonit Hekatiny slu\u017eebnice, mezi nimi Empusu, a udr\u017eet je v odstupu.<\/p><p><strong>Za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>\u0158eck\u00e9 magick\u00e9 papyry obsahuj\u00ed formule proti no\u010dn\u00edm \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016fm, kter\u00e9 vz\u00fdvaj\u00ed Hekat\u00e9 a zapov\u00eddaj\u00ed jej\u00ed slu\u017eebnice. Struktura: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vac\u00ed osloven\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> pan\u00ed, identifikace ohro\u017eovatele, obrann\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkaz.<\/p><p><strong>Amulety a ochrann\u00e9 symboly<\/strong><\/p><p>Hekataia, mal\u00e9 so\u0161ky Hekat\u00e9 u vchod\u016f do dom\u016f, chr\u00e1nily i p\u0159ed Empusou. Gorgoneion jako apotropajn\u00ed obraz. Jmenn\u00e9 amulety v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159echodn\u00e1 epocha mezi antikou a st\u0159edov\u011bkem, zhruba 3. a\u017e 7. stolet\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">pozdn\u00ed antice<\/span>.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factypln\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kult<\/span> a uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Empusa nebyla uct\u00edv\u00e1na, ale jako Hekatina slu\u017eebnice byla s respektem ob\u00e1v\u00e1na. No\u010dn\u00ed poutn\u00edci nosili ochrann\u00e9 amulety. Hekatina <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, kter\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed pomoc\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f nebo formul\u00ed zas\u00e1hnout do b\u011bhu v\u011bc\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span> ji m\u016f\u017ee vz\u00fdvat nebo zapudit. V mysterijn\u00edch tradic\u00edch jsou Empusy ch\u00e1p\u00e1ny jako aspekty Hekatiny moci. P\u0159i pr\u016fchodu jejich oblastmi je t\u0159eba zachovat klid.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Empusa, paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Mezopot\u00e1mie:<\/strong> Akkadsk\u00e1 ardat-lil\u00ee sd\u00edl\u00ed profil no\u010dn\u00ed sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eensk\u00e9 d\u00e9monky a tvo\u0159\u00ed typologick\u00e9ho p\u0159edch\u016fdce; p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd kulturn\u00ed kontakt nelze prok\u00e1zat.<\/p><p><strong>\u0158\u00edm<\/strong><\/p><p>Strix a Striga p\u0159evzaly funkci no\u010dn\u00ed prom\u011bny podoby; <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145133\">Lamiae<\/a> tvo\u0159\u00ed kolektivizovanou formu komplexu Lamia-Empusa. L\u00fakianos ze Samosaty dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159echodn\u00e1 epocha mezi antikou a st\u0159edov\u011bkem, zhruba 3. a\u017e 7. stolet\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">pozdn\u00ed antice<\/span> popul\u00e1rn\u00ed ztoto\u017e\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed obou pojm\u016f.<\/p><p><strong>St\u0159edov\u011bk a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha zhruba od 15. do 18. stolet\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">ran\u00fd novov\u011bk<\/span>:<\/strong> Ve scholasticko-teologick\u00e9 literatu\u0159e se Empusa sl\u00e9v\u00e1 s pojmem sukuba. P\u0159i honech na \u010darod\u011bjnice se jednonoh\u00fd prvek (osl\u00ed, respektive koz\u00ed kopyto) st\u00e1v\u00e1 standardn\u00edm znakem spojen\u00ed s \u010f\u00e1blem.<\/p><p><strong>Modern\u00ed recepce<\/strong><\/p><p>Charles Kingsley pou\u017eil Empusu jako postavu v d\u00edle <em>Hypatia<\/em> (1853). V modern\u00ed fantasy a mytologick\u00e9 recepci (nap\u0159. v s\u00e9rii Percy Jackson od Ricka Riordana) vystupuje jako Hekatina spole\u010dnice a prom\u011bnliv\u00e1 sv\u016fdnice. V psychoanalytick\u00e9 literatu\u0159e (Robert Graves) je \u010dtena jako archetyp no\u010dn\u00ed ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eenskosti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6a5a612 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp6a5a612\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp00eb0b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp00eb0b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vystoupen\u00ed v komedi\u00edch Aristofana<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp097f7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp097f7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp98c1db7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp98c1db7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejstar\u0161\u00ed podrobn\u00e1 liter\u00e1rn\u00ed stopa Empusy se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v attick\u00e9 komedii 5. stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem.<\/p><p>V Aristofanov\u011b h\u0159e <em>Die Fr\u00f6sche<\/em> (uveden\u00e9 405 p\u0159. n. l.) se b\u016fh Dion\u00fdsos na sv\u00e9 cest\u011b do podsv\u011bt\u00ed setk\u00e1 s Empusou, kter\u00e1 se rychle prom\u011b\u0148uje: nejprve v kr\u00e1vu, pot\u00e9 v mulu, pak v kr\u00e1snou \u017eenu a nakonec ve psa.<\/p><p>Otrok Xanthias ji nav\u00edc popisuje jako bytost s jednou nohou z bronzu a druhou z osli\u010d\u00edho trusu. Sc\u00e9na je koncipov\u00e1na jako moment hr\u016fzy, kter\u00fd je z\u00e1rove\u0148 komicky zlomen, nebo\u0165 Dion\u00fdsos propad\u00e1 panice, zat\u00edmco Xanthias vzhled bytosti napolo posm\u011b\u0161n\u011b komentuje.<\/p><p>Toto m\u00edsto je z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 z n\u011bkolika d\u016fvod\u016f. Zaprv\u00e9 ukazuje, \u017ee Empusa musela b\u00fdt ath\u00e9nsk\u00e9mu publiku ji\u017e zn\u00e1ma jako d\u016fv\u011brn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e1 stra\u0161ideln\u00e1 postava, jinak by nazna\u010den\u00ed nefungovalo.<\/p><p>Zadruh\u00e9 dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 j\u00e1dro obrazu Empusy: rychlou prom\u011bnu podoby a spojen\u00ed sv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed s ohro\u017een\u00edm. Zat\u0159et\u00ed odkazuje lokalizace u vstupu do podsv\u011bt\u00ed na jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost k okruhu Hekat\u00e9, bohyn\u011b k\u0159i\u017eovatek a prah\u016f.<\/p><p>Scholion, tedy <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, zhruba 800 p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">antick\u00fd<\/span> v\u00fdklad k tomuto m\u00edstu u Aristofana, dopl\u0148uje, \u017ee Empusa d\u011bsila poutn\u00edky na osam\u011bl\u00fdch m\u00edstech a \u017ee ji lze zahnat nad\u00e1vkami, po nich\u017e s k\u0159ikem uprchne.<\/p><p>Tento detail je vypov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed: Empusa se zde nejev\u00ed jako v\u0161emocn\u00e1 s\u00edla, n\u00fdbr\u017e jako bytost odk\u00e1zan\u00e1 na strach, kter\u00e1 ztr\u00e1c\u00ed svou moc, je-li vystavena posm\u011bchu. Komedie tak vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enou lidovou p\u0159edstavu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 z n\u00ed d\u011bl\u00e1 p\u0159edm\u011bt sm\u00edchu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3732fb6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp3732fb6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe16d753 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpe16d753\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Empusa, Lamia a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed u Filostrata<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe5a86fe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpe5a86fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp00e1d27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp00e1d27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 800 p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">antice<\/span> se hranice mezi Emp\u00fasou, Lami\u00ed a d\u011bsiv\u00fdmi bytostmi naz\u00fdvan\u00fdmi <em>mormolykeia<\/em> st\u00edraj\u00ed. N\u011bkolik autor\u016f je poj\u00edm\u00e1 jako p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 nebo zam\u011bniteln\u00e9 bytosti, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u0161echny p\u0159i\u0159azov\u00e1ny ke sf\u00e9\u0159e Hekat\u00e9 a jsou nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm mlad\u00fdm mu\u017e\u016fm.<\/p><p>Nejrozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed vyprav\u011b\u010dsk\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed nab\u00edz\u00ed Filostratos ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle <em>Vita Apoll\u00f3nia z Tyany<\/em>, sepsan\u00e9m kolem roku 220 n. l. (kniha 4). Tam se mlad\u00fd \u017e\u00e1k Menippos zamiluje do kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 a bohat\u00e9 \u017eeny, kterou si chce vz\u00edt za man\u017eelku.<\/p><p>Apoll\u00f3nios z Tyany zjeven\u00ed prohl\u00e9dne a p\u0159i svatebn\u00ed hostin\u011b ji odhal\u00ed jako <em>empousu<\/em>, jinde v textu ozna\u010dovanou tak\u00e9 jako <em>lamia<\/em>.<\/p><p>Bytost se p\u0159izn\u00e1, \u017ee cht\u011bla mlad\u00edka vykrmit, aby se mohla nasytit jeho krv\u00ed a masem, proto\u017ee se \u017eiv\u00ed kr\u00e1sn\u00fdmi, mlad\u00fdmi t\u011bly. Na Apoll\u00f3niova slova se zd\u00e1nliv\u011b velkolep\u00e9 stavby a slu\u017eebnictvo rozplynou v nic.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Tato epizoda se pozd\u011bji stala nesm\u00edrn\u011b vlivnou. John Keats ji zpracoval roku 1820 ve sv\u00e9 b\u00e1sni <em>Lamia<\/em>, a touto cestou spoluutv\u00e1\u0159ela romantickou a modern\u00ed p\u0159edstavu o kr\u00e1sn\u00e9, nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 sv\u016fdnici, kter\u00e1 je n\u011bkdy \u010dtena jako ran\u00e1 up\u00edrsk\u00e1 postava.<\/span><\/p><p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska je t\u0159eba zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee Filostratos zde nepod\u00e1v\u00e1 lidov\u00e9 sv\u011bdectv\u00ed v\u00edry, n\u00fdbr\u017e liter\u00e1rn\u011b propracovan\u00e9 pou\u010dn\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed: slou\u017e\u00ed k demonstraci nadlidsk\u00e9 schopnosti vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed mudrce Apoll\u00f3nia. Emp\u00fasa je v tomto textu prost\u0159edkem, nikoli c\u00edlem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9303adf e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9303adf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4ea35c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp4ea35c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Etymologie a spor o v\u00fdklad jm\u00e9na<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4b86d37 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp4b86d37\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8c435d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp8c435d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>P\u016fvod jm\u00e9na <em>Empousa<\/em> je od <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 800 p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">antiky<\/span> sporn\u00fd a dosud nebyl definitivn\u011b objasn\u011bn. Ji\u017e <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 800 p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">anti\u010dt\u00ed<\/span> gramatikov\u00e9 nab\u00edzeli v\u00fdklady, kter\u00e9 se v\u0161ak \u0159\u00eddily sp\u00ed\u0161e zvukovou podobou slova ne\u017e skute\u010dn\u00fdmi jazykov\u00fdmi d\u011bjinami.<\/p><p>Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 800 p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">antick\u00fd<\/span> v\u00fdklad spojoval jm\u00e9no s kulh\u00e1n\u00edm na jednu nohu, tedy s n\u00e1padn\u00fdm rysem jedn\u00e9 bronzov\u00e9 nebo zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed nohy. Tento v\u00fdklad z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nejist\u00fd.<\/p><p>Modern\u00ed jazykov\u011bdn\u00e9 n\u00e1vrhy vych\u00e1zej\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b ze spojen\u00ed se slovy pro nohu nebo pohyb, \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b v n\u011bm vid\u00ed odvozen\u00ed vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed vt\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed se nebo pronik\u00e1n\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd z t\u011bchto v\u00fdklad\u016f se obecn\u011b neprosadil.<\/p><p>Situaci komplikuje skute\u010dnost, \u017ee jm\u00e9no mo\u017en\u00e1 nen\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u011b \u0159eck\u00e9, ale mohlo poch\u00e1zet z p\u0159ed\u0159eck\u00e9ho nebo ciz\u00edho substr\u00e1tu, jak se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 u \u0159ady jmen ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch d\u011bsiv\u00fdch bytost\u00ed.<\/p><p>Pou\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e nejist\u00fd ko\u0159en slova je zp\u016fsob jeho u\u017eit\u00ed. <em>Empousa<\/em> mohla v \u0159e\u010dtin\u011b znamenat jak vlastn\u00ed jm\u00e9no, tak druhov\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 800 p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">antick\u00e9<\/span> texty hovo\u0159\u00ed o Emp\u00fase jako o jedin\u00e9 postav\u011b, znaj\u00ed ale i jejich mno\u017estv\u00ed.<\/p><p>Stejn\u00e1 dvoj\u00ed povaha se projevuje u p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch slov <em>lamia<\/em> a <em>mormo<\/em>. Z toho lze usuzovat, \u017ee se nejedn\u00e1 o jasn\u011b vymezenou mytologickou individualitu, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e o kategorii d\u011bsiv\u00fdch bytost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 \u017eila v dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdchov\u011b a lidov\u00e9 p\u0159edstavivosti.<\/p><p>Badatel\u00e9 proto Emp\u00fasu \u0159ad\u00ed mezi tzv. <em>bogey-figures<\/em>, d\u011bsiv\u00e9 postavy, jimi\u017e se stra\u0161ily d\u011bti a zneji\u0161\u0165ovaly osam\u011bl\u00e9 cesty.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6b0f885 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp6b0f885\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7861cd5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp7861cd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Emp\u00fasa jako stra\u0161idlo pro d\u011bti a lidov\u00e1 p\u0159edstava<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4e7304b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp4e7304b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9847e8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp9847e8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Na rozd\u00edl od velk\u00fdch boh\u016f \u0159eck\u00e9ho panteonu nebyla Emp\u00fasa p\u0159edm\u011btem organizovan\u00e9ho kultu s chr\u00e1my, kn\u011b\u017e\u00edmi nebo sv\u00e1tky. Pat\u0159ila do sf\u00e9ry dom\u00e1c\u00ed a ka\u017edodenn\u00ed v\u00edry, kter\u00e1 se zachovala jen v okrajov\u00fdch zm\u00ednk\u00e1ch liter\u00e1rn\u00edch pramen\u016f.<\/p><p>Tento stav pramen\u016f vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d na\u0161e znalosti z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u00fatr\u017ekovit\u00e9: co matky a ch\u016fvy vypr\u00e1v\u011bly d\u011btem o Emp\u00fase, nebylo systematicky zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1no.<\/p><p>Z rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fdch n\u00e1znak\u016f se v\u0161ak d\u00e1 vytvo\u0159it obraz. Emp\u00fasa pat\u0159ila do skupiny bytost\u00ed souhrnn\u011b naz\u00fdvan\u00fdch <em>mormolykeia<\/em>, jimi\u017e se stra\u0161ily neposlu\u0161n\u00e9 nebo neklidn\u00e9 d\u011bti.<\/p><p>Byla po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na k doprovodu Hekat\u00e9 a pova\u017eovala se za aktivn\u00ed na k\u0159i\u017eovatk\u00e1ch cest, u prah\u016f a na osam\u011bl\u00fdch m\u00edstech, tedy pr\u00e1v\u011b na m\u00edstech, kter\u00e1 byla v \u0159eck\u00e9 p\u0159edstav\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1na za nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 a prostupn\u00e1 do sf\u00e9ry mrtv\u00fdch. Jej\u00ed zjeven\u00ed preferovalo poledn\u00ed hodinu nebo noc.<\/p><p>Pozoruhodn\u00e1 je slabost, kter\u00e1 j\u00ed byla p\u0159isuzov\u00e1na. N\u011bkolik pramen\u016f zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee Emp\u00fasa uprchne, pokud ji \u010dlov\u011bk ur\u00e1\u017e\u00ed nebo zesm\u011b\u0161\u0148uje.<\/p><p>Tato p\u0159edstava odkazuje na d\u016fle\u017eitou funkci takov\u00fdch postav: \u010dinily strach zvl\u00e1dnuteln\u00fdm t\u00edm, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u011b poskytovaly protil\u00e9k. D\u00edt\u011b nebo poutn\u00edk nebyl Emp\u00fase bezmocn\u011b vyd\u00e1n, n\u00fdbr\u017e mohl ur\u010dit\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm zlomit jej\u00ed moc.<\/p><p>Z v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho hlediska pat\u0159\u00ed Emp\u00fasa mezi ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed postavy \u0159eck\u00e9 p\u0159edstavivosti, kter\u00e9 napl\u0148ovaly pot\u0159ebu d\u00e1t dif\u00fazn\u00edm strach\u016fm z temnoty, osam\u011blosti a sexu\u00e1ln\u00edho ohro\u017een\u00ed uchopitelnou, pot\u00edratelnou podobu. Podobn\u00e9 funkce plnily v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch postavy jako <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145124\">Lamia<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Doporu\u010den\u00e9 intern\u00ed odkazy:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145121\">\u0158ecko<\/a> (nad\u0159azen\u00e1 kulturn\u00ed str\u00e1nka)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145128\">Hekat\u00e9<\/a> (pan\u00ed Emp\u00fasy)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145124\">Lamia<\/a> (struktur\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e1)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145112\">Lil\u00fb a Lil\u012btu<\/a> (mezopotamsk\u00e1 paralela)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145273\">No\u010dn\u00ed bytosti<\/a> a <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145416\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Stav vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed, kdy je v\u011bdom\u00ed bd\u011bl\u00e9, ale t\u011blo je d\u00edky REM atonii st\u00e1le paralyzov\u00e1no; \u010dasto spojen s halucinacemi.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">sp\u00e1nkov\u00e1 paral\u00fdza<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prameny a literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>V\u00fdb\u011br kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch prac\u00ed o Emp\u00fase a no\u010dn\u00edch bytostech \u0159eck\u00e9 tradice:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Graf, Fritz: <em>Magic in the Ancient World<\/em>. Cambridge, MA 1997.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Greenfield, Richard P. H.: <em>Traditions of Belief in Late Byzantine Demonology<\/em>. Amsterdam 1988.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Luck, Georg: <em>Arcana Mundi. Magic and the Occult in the Greek and Roman Worlds<\/em>. Baltimore 1985.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dal\u0161\u00ed standardn\u00ed d\u00edla v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145257\">seznamu literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-empusa-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-empusa-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-empusa\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-empusa-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-empusa-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Zde popsan\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 praxe je v\u011bdeck\u00fdm za\u0159azen\u00edm historick\u00fdch tradic. iWell Guard navazuje na tuto kulturn\u011b-historickou linii nositeln\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a p\u0159edstavuje jejich sou\u010dasnou formu. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-empusa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-empusa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-empusa-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-empusa-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V antick\u00fdch pramenech vystupuje Emp\u00fasa jako prom\u011bnliv\u00fd <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no \u0161kodliv\u00e9 nebo dvojzna\u010dn\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mon<\/span><\/em> Hekat\u00e9, kter\u00fd pron\u00e1sleduje osam\u011bl\u00e9 poutn\u00edky a zejm\u00e9na mlad\u00e9 mu\u017ee a v komedi\u00edch Aristofana i u Filostrata je popisov\u00e1n jako beztvar\u00e1 d\u011bsiv\u00e1 bytost.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1662,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Empusa","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Empusa - no\u010dn\u00ed d\u00e9monka v doprovodu Hekaty","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Empusa je jednou z nejcharakteristi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch no\u010dn\u00edch postav \u0159eck\u00e9 tradice: 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