{"id":145118,"date":"2026-09-03T16:27:15","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:27:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145118"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:47:21","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:47:21","slug":"bes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/bes\/","title":{"rendered":"Bes"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145118\" class=\"elementor elementor-145118 elementor-775\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bes, b\u016fh egyptsk\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bes je b\u016fh egyptsk\u00e9 tradice.<\/p><p>Ochrann\u00fd d\u00e9mon dom\u00e1cnosti, porodu a sp\u00e1nku, p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e1 grimasa Egypta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh \/ bohyn\u011b: Zosobn\u011bn\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc v panteonu dan\u00e9 kultury, s jasn\u011b vymezen\u00fdmi oblastmi p\u016fsobnosti, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edly, osud, v\u00e1lka, plodnost. Uct\u00edv\u00e1ni prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kult\u016f, ob\u011bt\u00ed a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch instituc\u00ed.\">B\u016fh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145115\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytologie starov\u011bk\u00e9ho \u00fadol\u00ed Nilu, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 3000 p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 30 p\u0159. n. l.\">Egypt<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145236\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ochrann\u00e1 bo\u017estva, str\u00e1\u017eci domu, m\u011bsta, porod\u016f, cest nebo \u017eivotn\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00ed.\">Ochrann\u00e9 bo\u017estvo<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_bes-1-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1541\" alt=\"Bes\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_bes-1-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_bes-1-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_bes-1-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_bes-1.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Bes je jedn\u00edm z nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ochrann\u00fdch d\u00e9mon\u016f star\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Jako mal\u00e1, zavalit\u00e1 sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e1 postava s lv\u00ed h\u0159\u00edvou, vyplazen\u00fdm jazykem a korunou z per se objevuje v egyptsk\u00e9m n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed od St\u0159edn\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2000 p\u0159. n. l.) a z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 aktivn\u00ed a\u017e do doby \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p>Na rozd\u00edl od vysok\u00fdch boh\u016f nen\u00ed Bes chr\u00e1mov\u00fdm bohem, ale bohem dom\u00e1cnosti a lidu: chr\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bhotn\u00e9 \u017eeny, rodi\u010dky, kojence a rodinn\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159ehled: Bes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> ochrann\u00fd d\u00e9mon \/ trpasli\u010d\u00ed b\u016fh<br>P\u016fvod: nejist\u00fd, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b n\u00fabijsk\u00fd\/v\u00fdchodoafrick\u00fd, brzy adaptovan\u00fd v Egypt\u011b<br>Texty: magick\u00e9 papyry, chr\u00e1mov\u00e9 n\u00e1pisy, n\u00e1pisy na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159edm\u011bt no\u0161en\u00fd na t\u011ble, kter\u00e9mu se p\u0159isuzuje ochrann\u00fd, zlo odvracej\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek.\" tabindex=\"0\">amuletech<\/span><br>Obdob\u00ed: od St\u0159edn\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e do <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159echodn\u00e1 epocha mezi antikou a st\u0159edov\u011bkem, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 3. a\u017e 7. stolet\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">pozdn\u00ed antiky<\/span><br>Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed: cel\u00fd egyptsk\u00fd kulturn\u00ed prostor, pozd\u011bji vliv na hel\u00e9nistick\u00fd sv\u011bt<br>Pou\u017eit\u00ed: Besovy amulety, dom\u00e1c\u00ed olt\u00e1\u0159e, n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00e9 obrazy, magick\u00e9 no\u017ee<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontext<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bes se poprv\u00e9 objevuje ve St\u0159edn\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161i, v Nov\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i v\u00fdrazn\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 na roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed a z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 a\u017e do pozdn\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 doby jednou z nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ochrann\u00fdch postav. V ptolemaiovsk\u00e9 dob\u011b se st\u00e1v\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed hel\u00e9nistick\u00e9 dom\u00e1c\u00ed zbo\u017enosti a \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed se daleko za hranice Egypta.<\/p><p><strong>Mytologick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Bes je egyptsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed jako bo\u017esk\u00e1.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>, trpasl\u00edk s lv\u00edmi rysy, bohyn\u011b po\u017eitku, tance, hudby, porodu a \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. Bes je i p\u0159es svou trpasli\u010d\u00ed podobu mocn\u00fd, zejm\u00e9na ochr\u00e1nkyn\u011b d\u011bt\u00ed, \u017een a dom\u00e1cnosti. Je lidov\u00fd a p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd ve v\u0161ech oblastech ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>J\u00e1drovou oblast\u00ed je Egypt, s obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b hustou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed poznatk\u016f a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradic\u00ed<\/span> v D\u00e9r el-Med\u00edn\u011b, Th\u00e9b\u00e1ch a v Delt\u011b. Besovy amulety se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed od Levanty p\u0159es Kypr a\u017e po Kart\u00e1go a v hel\u00e9nistick\u00fdch osad\u00e1ch ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed. Jeho p\u016fvod je n\u011bkdy p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1n v N\u00fabii nebo d\u00e1le na jihu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Na rozd\u00edl od Apofise nebo Ammit je textov\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed poznatk\u016f a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span> chud\u00e1; Bes se objevuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v hmotn\u00fdch dokladech: amulety z hl\u00edny, faj\u00e1nse a bronzu, dom\u00e1c\u00ed olt\u00e1\u0159e, n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00e9 obrazy. Magick\u00e9 papyry a pozdn\u011b antick\u00e9 kouzelnick\u00e9 knihy ho zmi\u0148uj\u00ed pravideln\u011b, ani\u017e by vytvo\u0159ily samostatnou \u0159adu text\u016f o Besovi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a varianty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Egyptsky:<\/strong> <em>bs<\/em>, vyslovov\u00e1no p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u201ebes\u201c; p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u011b jako skupina postav (\u201ebesovsk\u00e9 postavy\u201c).<br>\u0158ecky: <em>\u0392\u1fc6\u03c2<\/em> \u2192 Bes; tak\u00e9 dochov\u00e1no jako <em>Bisu<\/em>.<br>P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 formy: Beset (\u017eensk\u00e1 pr\u016fvodkyn\u011b s podobn\u00fdmi \u00fakoly), \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b Aha, d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postava ochrann\u00e9ho d\u00e9mona, kter\u00e1 se pozd\u011bji spojuje s Besem.<\/p><p>Jm\u00e9no <em>bs<\/em> pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b souvis\u00ed s egyptsk\u00fdm slovem pro \u201echr\u00e1nit\u201c a \u201ezasv\u011btit\u201c. Bes je tak i etymologicky ochrannou bytost\u00ed. V textech se objevuje bez bo\u017esk\u00e9ho determinativu, jako postava mezi bohem, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00ed bytost, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1n \u0161kodliv\u00fd nebo dvojzna\u010dn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9monem<\/span> a ochrann\u00fdm duchem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Povahov\u00e9 rysy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Vzhled<\/strong><\/p><p>Bes je mal\u00fd, zavalit\u00fd, trpasl\u00edkovit\u00e9 postavy. M\u00e1 velkou hlavu s v\u00fdraznou lv\u00ed h\u0159\u00edvou, vyplazen\u00fdm jazykem, \u0161irok\u00fdm nosem a velk\u00fdma o\u010dima. Na hlav\u011b nos\u00ed korunu z per, typicky p\u011bti vysok\u00fdch per.<\/p><p>Jeho t\u011blo je podsadit\u00e9, \u010dasto zobrazovan\u00e9 se zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edm ohonem a kr\u00e1tk\u00fdmi zak\u0159iven\u00fdmi nohami. Tento n\u00e1padn\u011b o\u0161kliv\u00fd vzhled je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Odvracej\u00edc\u00ed zlo; apotropaick\u00e9 symboly (Pazuzu, Hamsa, Nazar) chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed \u0161kodlivou magi\u00ed a u\u0159knut\u00edm.\">apotropaick\u00fd<\/span>: m\u00e1 odstra\u0161it zl\u00e9 s\u00edly.<\/p><p><strong>Chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Bes je p\u0159\u00e1telsko-hroziv\u00fd ochr\u00e1nce dom\u00e1cnosti. Tan\u010d\u00ed, sm\u011bje se, bije bubny a tambur\u00ednu, \u0161vih\u00e1 no\u017ei proti neviditeln\u00fdm nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm. Jeho hlu\u010den\u00ed zah\u00e1n\u00ed no\u010dn\u00ed d\u00e9mony, chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed jedovat\u00fdmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty (hady, \u0161t\u00edry) a p\u0159i porodu stoj\u00ed u l\u016f\u017eka rodi\u010dky. P\u0159es sv\u016fj hroziv\u00fd vzhled je lidem p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b naklon\u011bl\u00fd.<\/p><p><strong>Oblast p\u016fsobnosti<\/strong><\/p><p>T\u011bhotenstv\u00ed a porod, ochrana kojenc\u016f, rodina, lo\u017enice, sexualita, tanec a hudba. Tak\u00e9 ochrana na cest\u00e1ch, p\u0159ed jedovat\u00fdmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty a v ciz\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. V lidov\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e pozdn\u00ed doby p\u0159evzal Bes funkce jin\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch boh\u016f a stal se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed ochrannou postavou.<\/p><p><strong>Vzhled a symbolika<\/strong><\/p><p>Bes je zobrazov\u00e1n jako trpasl\u00edkovit\u00e1 postava se siln\u00fdm t\u011blem, \u010dasto se lv\u00ed hlavou, velk\u00fdma u\u0161ima. Nos\u00ed korunu z per, n\u011bkdy \u0161perky. Typick\u00fd je \u0161irok\u00fd \u00fa\u0161klebek. Bic\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, zejm\u00e9na tambur\u00edna, jsou jeho atributy. \u010cerven\u00e1, zlat\u00e1 a modr\u00e1 jsou jeho barvy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Bes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekty Bese na jeden pohled. Podrobnosti o jm\u00e9nu, popisu, pou\u017eit\u00ed a paralel\u00e1ch naleznete v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch odd\u00edlech.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bes\u016fv p\u016fvod<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejist\u00fd; p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se n\u00fabijsk\u00fd nebo je\u0161t\u011b ji\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u016fvod. Bez bo\u017esk\u00e9 genealogie, jedna z m\u00e1la egyptsk\u00fdch postav bez rodinn\u00e9ho za\u0159azen\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Besova c\u00edlov\u00e1 skupina<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u011bhotn\u00e9 \u017eeny a rodi\u010dky, kojenci a mal\u00e9 d\u011bti, cel\u00fd rodinn\u00fd \u017eivot. Sekund\u00e1rn\u011b tane\u010dn\u00edci a hudebn\u00edci (Bes je tak\u00e9 ochrann\u00fdm bohem vesel\u00fdch dom\u00e1c\u00edch oslav); cestuj\u00edc\u00ed; \u017eeny, kter\u00e9 si p\u0159ej\u00ed potomstvo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bes\u016fv vzhled<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mal\u00e1, zavalit\u00e1 trpasli\u010d\u00ed postava s lv\u00ed h\u0159\u00edvou, vyplazen\u00fdm jazykem, tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed obr\u00e1cenou p\u0159\u00edmo vp\u0159ed. \u010casto s bubnem, no\u017ei nebo hady.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Besovo p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zah\u00e1n\u00ed zlo pomoc\u00ed strachu, hluku a viditeln\u00e9 aktivity. Chr\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fatokem, nikoli zdr\u017eenlivost\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Besova obrana<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejedn\u00e1 se o obranu proti Besovi, ale o jeho vyu\u017eit\u00ed: amulety s Besovou hlavou na krku, so\u0161ky u l\u016f\u017eka, n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00e9 malby v lo\u017enic\u00edch, zobrazen\u00ed na magick\u00fdch no\u017e\u00edch z hro\u0161\u00ed kosti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Besovy paralely<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Funk\u010dn\u011b p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd s <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145111\">Pazuzuem<\/a> jako ambivalentn\u00ed ochrannou bytost\u00ed, s <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145119\">Taweret<\/a> jako hro\u0161ovitou ochr\u00e1nkyn\u00ed t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed a s \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdmi <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145129\">Lary<\/a> jako dom\u00e1c\u00edmi bo\u017estvy. Ve F\u00e9nicii je Bes p\u0159ejat jako <em>Mlk<\/em>; v hel\u00e9nisticko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b se objevuje na amuletech od \u0160pan\u011blska a\u017e po Indii. Tak\u00e9 \u010d\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed str\u00e1\u017eci <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slouzici k uctivani jednoho nebo vice bozstev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m\u016f<\/span> (Men\u0161en) a japonsk\u00e9 sochy Ni\u014d sd\u00edlej\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> o\u0161kliv\u00e9ho, hroziv\u00e9ho, ale dob\u0159e m\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho str\u00e1\u017ece.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vyu\u017eit\u00ed v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ritu\u00e1ly <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo zaklinajici oslovovani bozstva ci moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p>Bes nen\u00ed odh\u00e1n\u011bn, ale zv\u00e1n. P\u0159i porodech byly do porodn\u00ed m\u00edstnosti stav\u011bny Besovy so\u0161ky, u mal\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed do post\u00fdlky. Jeho pouh\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za ochranu; vlastn\u00ed v\u00edcestup\u0148ov\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed cykly nejsou dochov\u00e1ny.<\/p><p><strong>Za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>V magick\u00fdch papyrech je Bes p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u011b vz\u00fdv\u00e1n v ochrann\u00fdch formul\u00edch, \u010dasto spole\u010dn\u011b s Taweret. Zde p\u0159edstavuje \u201ehlu\u010dnou\u201c slo\u017eku, kter\u00e1 zah\u00e1n\u00ed zlo, zat\u00edmco Taweret je slo\u017ekou \u201eukr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed\u201c.<\/p><p><strong>Amulety a ochrann\u00e9 symboly<\/strong><\/p><p>Materi\u00e1lov\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna je obrovsk\u00e1: amulety s Besovou hlavou z faj\u00e1nse, amulety s cel\u00fdm Besov\u00fdm t\u011blem z bronzu nebo kosti, d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 figurky Besa. K tomu magick\u00e9 no\u017ee z hro\u0161\u00ed kosti, kter\u00e9 zobrazuj\u00ed \u0159ady apotropaick\u00fdch bytost\u00ed, mezi nimi\u017e je Bes t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy zastoupen.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bes, paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Mezopot\u00e1mie<\/strong><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145111\">Pazuzu<\/a> sd\u00edl\u00ed profil o\u0161kliv\u00e9 a hroziv\u00e9, p\u0159esto ochrann\u00e9 bytosti, ov\u0161em s paradoxem samotn\u00e9ho nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho ochrann\u00e9ho d\u00e9mona. D\u011btem nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 Lama\u0161tu na protistran\u011b ukazuje \u00fazkou souvislost mezi ochranou a hrozbou.<\/p><p><strong>\u0158ecko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd sv\u011bt:<\/strong> Eileithyia jako bohyn\u011b porodu a Larov\u00e9 jako dom\u00e1c\u00ed bohov\u00e9 sd\u00edlej\u00ed funkce s Besem, ani\u017e by v\u0161ak m\u011bli jeho d\u00e9monicko-hroziv\u00fd profil. Hel\u00e9nisticko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn nabozenskych uctivacich obradu pro bozstvo nebo svatou postavu.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> Besa se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed po cel\u00e9m St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed.<\/p><p><strong>K\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1 recepce:<\/strong> V koptsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prechodna epocha mezi antikou a stredovekem, pribliznes 3. az 7. stoletim.\" tabindex=\"0\">pozdn\u00ed antice<\/span> se Besovy funkce \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed do uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Marie; ikonografick\u00e9 ohlasy se zachovaly v koptsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensky pro\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 praxe v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b, \u010dasto vedle ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed nauky.\" tabindex=\"0\">lidov\u00e9 religiozit\u011b<\/span>.<\/p><p><strong>Modern\u00ed recepce:<\/strong> Bes se dnes objevuje v popkulturn\u00ed egyptom\u00e1nii, jako postava v \u017e\u00e1nrov\u00e9 fikci (Riordanovy Kroniky rodu Kane), v tetovac\u00ed a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrny nauk, ktere si naroku znalost skryteho, jen zasvecenym pristupneho vedeni.\" tabindex=\"0\">esoterick\u00e9<\/span> kultu\u0159e.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp71adb87 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp71adb87\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp09594ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp09594ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dom\u00e1c\u00ed ochrann\u00fd b\u016fh: Bes v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b Egyp\u0165an\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp12ad510 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp12ad510\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd80c23a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpd80c23a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bes zauj\u00edm\u00e1 v egyptsk\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn bozstev nabozenstvi nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonu<\/span> zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed postaven\u00ed, proto\u017ee jeho uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bylo m\u00e9n\u011b v\u00e1z\u00e1no na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slouzici k uctivani jednoho nebo vice bozstev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> a kn\u011b\u017estvo ne\u017e na b\u011b\u017en\u00fd \u017eivot lid\u00ed.<\/p><p>Byl ochrann\u00fdm bohem domu, rodiny, t\u011bhotn\u00fdch \u017een, rodi\u010dek a d\u011bt\u00ed. Jeho p\u0159\u00edtomnost sah\u00e1 od ran\u00fdch d\u011bjin Egypta a\u017e hluboko do \u0159ecko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 doby a d\u00e1le.<\/p><p>Na rozd\u00edl od velk\u00fdch \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00fdch boh\u016f nem\u011bl Bes \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vlastn\u00ed chr\u00e1mov\u00fd kult s velk\u00fdmi svatyn\u011bmi. Jeho uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u00edhalo v dom\u00e1c\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Jeho vyobrazen\u00ed se objevuje na nes\u010detn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011btech denn\u00ed pot\u0159eby: na amuletech, rukojet\u00edch zrcadel, n\u00e1dobk\u00e1ch na masti, op\u011brk\u00e1ch hlavy, n\u00e1bytku a n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00fdch malb\u00e1ch v obytn\u00fdch domech.<\/p><p>V osad\u00e1ch jako d\u011blnick\u00e1 vesnice D\u00e9r el-Med\u00edna jsou zobrazen\u00ed Besa hojn\u00e1. Toto roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v materi\u00e1ln\u00ed kultu\u0159e z n\u011bj d\u011bl\u00e1 jedno z nejl\u00e9pe uchopiteln\u00fdch bo\u017estev egyptsk\u00e9ho ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota.<\/p><p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska je Bes zaj\u00edmav\u00fd zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee otev\u00edr\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup k t\u00e9 vrstv\u011b egyptsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se v ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch textech t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neobjevuje: k p\u00e9\u010di o porod, d\u011btstv\u00ed, sp\u00e1nek a ochranu domu.<\/p><p>Bes byl <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uctivana jako bozska v ramci nabozenstvi.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>, na kter\u00e9 se lid\u00e9 obraceli p\u0159\u00edmo, bez zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed kn\u011b\u017estva. Jeho obl\u00edbenost p\u0159etrvala tis\u00edcilet\u00ed a p\u0159e\u017eila i \u00fapadek egyptsk\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mov\u00e9ho kultu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se odli\u0161uje od mnoha jin\u00fdch bo\u017estev.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d6cd15 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2d6cd15\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4e6fe93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp4e6fe93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bo\u017estvo proti obrazov\u00e9mu pravidlu: pohled zp\u0159edu a trpasli\u010d\u00ed podoba<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7f07cf9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp7f07cf9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp85f7249 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp85f7249\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bes je ikonograficky v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdm zjevem egyptsk\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco egyptsk\u00e1 v\u00fdtvarn\u00e1 tradice zobrazuje bohy i lidi t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b z profilu, Bes je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy zobrazen zep\u0159edu, s obli\u010dejem oto\u010den\u00fdm \u010deln\u011b k div\u00e1kovi.<\/p><p>Toto odch\u00fdlen\u00ed od z\u00e1kladn\u00edho pravidla egyptsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed je n\u00e1padn\u00e9 a v odborn\u00e9 literatu\u0159e je vykl\u00e1d\u00e1no jako z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00fd rys: \u010deln\u011b zobrazen\u00e1 tv\u00e1\u0159 p\u016fsob\u00ed bezprost\u0159edn\u011b, hled\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo na div\u00e1ka a rozv\u00edj\u00ed tak odpuzuj\u00edc\u00ed, ochranou s\u00edlu.<\/p><p>Tak\u00e9 Besova t\u011blesn\u00e1 podoba se vymyk\u00e1 egyptsk\u00e9mu ide\u00e1lu kr\u00e1sy. Je zobrazov\u00e1n jako trpasl\u00edk s kr\u00e1tk\u00fdma, pokr\u010den\u00fdma nohama, tlust\u00fdm b\u0159\u00ed\u0161kem, \u0161irokou tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, \u010dasto s vyplazen\u00fdm jazykem, h\u0159\u00edvovit\u00fdmi vlasy nebo vousem a n\u011bkdy i s lv\u00edmi rysy.<\/p><p>\u010casto nos\u00ed vysokou korunu z per. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch vyobrazen\u00edch je ozbrojen, m\u00e1v\u00e1 no\u017eem nebo hady, v jin\u00fdch hraje na tambur\u00ednu nebo tan\u010d\u00ed. Tato sm\u011bs zastra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed a rozja\u0159enosti je pro Bese typick\u00e1.<\/p><p>Odborn\u00e1 literatura vykl\u00e1d\u00e1 tento z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b o\u0161kliv\u00fd, norm\u011b se vymykaj\u00edc\u00ed zjev jako funk\u010dn\u00ed: ochrann\u00e1 bytost, jej\u00edm\u017e \u00fakolem bylo zah\u00e1n\u011bt nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 s\u00edly a \u0161kodliv\u00e9 duchy, musela sama vzbuzovat strach a p\u016fsobit nezvykle.<\/p><p>Sm\u00edch a hudba, kter\u00e9 jsou Besovi p\u0159isuzov\u00e1ny, pat\u0159\u00ed k t\u00e9mu\u017e zp\u016fsobu obrany; hluk a rozja\u0159enost byly pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za vhodn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky, jak zahnat hroz\u00edc\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed a zajistit bezpe\u010dn\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 situace porodu. Bes je tak p\u0159\u00edkladem toho, \u017ee egyptsk\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed bylo ochotno poru\u0161it vlastn\u00ed pravidla, pokud si to funkce <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estva<\/span> vy\u017eadovala.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa6ee5e8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa6ee5e8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpea6ab60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpea6ab60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bes, Beset a okruh porodn\u00edch bo\u017estev<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4948ba6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp4948ba6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpde4d602 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpde4d602\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bes nen\u00ed v p\u0159esn\u00e9m slova smyslu jedin\u00fdm bohem, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e hlavn\u00edm p\u0159edstavitelem cel\u00e9 skupiny p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch bytost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou v odborn\u00e9 literatu\u0159e ob\u010das souhrnn\u011b ozna\u010dov\u00e1ny jako Besova bo\u017estva. Po jeho stran\u011b stoj\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fd prot\u011bj\u0161ek, <em>Beset<\/em>, kter\u00e1 pln\u00ed podobn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 funkce v oblasti \u017een a d\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p><p>Bes je \u00fazce spojen s dal\u0161\u00edmi bo\u017estvy porodu a dom\u00e1c\u00ed ochrany, zejm\u00e9na s <em>Tauret<\/em>, hro\u0161\u00edkovitou bohyn\u00ed t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed a porodu.<\/p><p>Bes a Tauret se \u010dasto objevuj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b na tzv. porodn\u00edch soch\u00e1ch, na magick\u00fdch no\u017e\u00edch a na st\u011bn\u00e1ch porodn\u00edch dom\u016f, tzv. <em>mammisi<\/em>, kter\u00e9 byly od pozdn\u00ed doby p\u0159istavov\u00e1ny k v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m\u016fm<\/span>. V t\u011bchto porodn\u00edch domech se slavil mytick\u00fd porod bo\u017esk\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte a Bes pat\u0159il k bytostem, kter\u00e9 tento porod ochrann\u011b doprov\u00e1zely.<\/p><p>O jeho p\u016fvodu se odborn\u00edci neshoduj\u00ed. Dlouho se uva\u017eovalo o mimoegyptsk\u00e9m, nap\u0159\u00edklad africk\u00e9m nebo n\u00fabijsk\u00e9m p\u016fvodu, av\u0161ak star\u0161\u00ed dolo\u017een\u00ed v samotn\u00e9m Egypt\u011b sp\u00ed\u0161e hovo\u0159\u00ed pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdvoj; ot\u00e1zka z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 otev\u0159en\u00e1.<\/p><p>Pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u011bjiny Bese jsou dob\u0159e zdokumentovan\u00e9: v \u0159ecko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 dob\u011b z\u016fstal nesm\u00edrn\u011b obl\u00edben\u00fd, jeho obraz se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il daleko za hranice Egypta po cel\u00e9m St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed a amulety s Besem byly \u0161iroce obchodov\u00e1ny.<\/p><p>Z hlediska religionistiky je Bes tak vz\u00e1cn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estva<\/span>, jeho\u017e obl\u00edbenost nez\u00e1visela na st\u00e1tn\u00ed podpo\u0159e, n\u00fdbr\u017e vyr\u016fstala z pot\u0159eby \u0161irok\u00fdch vrstev obyvatelstva po konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed, ka\u017edodenn\u00ed ochran\u011b. P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 bytosti dom\u00e1c\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed najdeme i v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch, nap\u0159\u00edklad slovansk\u00e1 <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145165\">Kikimora<\/a> ve sv\u00e9 dobrotiv\u00e9 podob\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Doporu\u010den\u00e9 intern\u00ed odkazy pro tuto str\u00e1nku:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145115\">Egypt<\/a> (nad\u0159azen\u00e1 kulturn\u00ed str\u00e1nka)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145119\">Tauret<\/a> (\u010dast\u00e1 partnerka na ochrann\u00fdch amuletech)<\/li><li>Detail o Besovi bude n\u00e1sledovat<\/li><li>Apotropaick\u00e9 symboly a masky po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b<\/li><li>Magick\u00e9 no\u017ee a amulety ve star\u00e9m Egypt\u011b<\/li><li>Gorgoneion (\u0159ecko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 paralela)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Odborn\u00e1 literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Kompaktn\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch prac\u00ed o Besovi a egyptsk\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 magii:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Altenm\u00fcller, Hartwig: <em>Die Apotropaia und die G\u00f6tter Mittel\u00e4gyptens<\/em>. M\u00fcnchen 1965.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Romano, James F.: <em>The Bes-Image in Pharaonic Egypt<\/em>. Ann Arbor 1989.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Volokhine, Youri: <em>B\u00e8s dans l&#39;\u00c9gypte ancienne<\/em>. Genf 1994.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dal\u0161\u00ed standardn\u00ed d\u00edla naleznete v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145257\">seznamu literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qv775qv e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"qv775qv\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qv775qvh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"qv775qvh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 symboly<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qv775qvb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"qv775qvb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qv775qvt elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"qv775qvt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><div class=\"iwg-querverweis-grid\" style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(220px,1fr));gap:16px;margin:16px 0;\"><div class=\"iwg-querverweis-card\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145426\" class=\"iwg-querverweis-link\"><strong>Hamsa<\/strong><br><span class=\"iwg-querverweis-teaser\">Fatimina ruka, \u017eidovsko-arabsk\u00fd ochrann\u00fd symbol s p\u011bti prsty a okem<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"iwg-querverweis-card\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145428\" class=\"iwg-querverweis-link\"><strong>Zl\u00e9 oko<\/strong><br><span class=\"iwg-querverweis-teaser\">Glob\u00e1ln\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 v\u00edra ve \u0161kodliv\u00fd pohled, p\u0159ed kter\u00fdm chr\u00e1n\u00ed nazar boncu\u011fu, mati a malocchio<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.iwg-querverweis-card{padding:16px;border:1px solid var(--e-global-color-f443515,#e6c45a);border-radius:8px;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.22);}.iwg-querverweis-link{color:var(--e-global-color-accent,#e6c45a);text-decoration:none;}.iwg-querverweis-teaser{color:#e8e8e8;font-size:13px;line-height:1.4;}<\/style><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efaa2dc e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"efaa2dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2186fca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2186fca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>\u010cast\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o Besovi<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>K\u00fdm byl b\u016fh Bes v Egypt\u011b?<\/h3><p>Bes byl jedn\u00edm z nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch lidov\u00fdch boh\u016f Egypta, trpasli\u010d\u00ed b\u016fh vousat\u00fd, s vyplazen\u00fdm jazykem a \u010dasto s korunou z per, zobrazovan\u00fd v\u017edy \u010deln\u011b (v Egypt\u011b extr\u00e9mn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka o obsahu obraz\u016f a jejich v\u00fdznamu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografie<\/span>).<\/p><p>Bes byl ochrann\u00fdm bohem rodiny, mate\u0159stv\u00ed, porodu a ochranou proti zl\u00fdm duch\u016fm. Na rozd\u00edl od v\u011bt\u0161iny egyptsk\u00fdch boh\u016f nem\u011bl velk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span>, jeho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factyhodn\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> se odehr\u00e1val v dom\u00e1cnosti, jeho obraz byl roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en na amuletech, n\u00e1bytku, \u017eensk\u00fdch kosmetick\u00fdch schr\u00e1nk\u00e1ch a sloupc\u00edch l\u016f\u017eek.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Pro\u010d je Bes v\u017edy zobrazen \u010deln\u011b?<\/h3><p>\u010celn\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed Besa je ikonografickou zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed egyptsk\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ichni ostatn\u00ed egypt\u0161t\u00ed bohov\u00e9 jsou zobrazov\u00e1ni v klasick\u00e9m profilu. \u010celn\u00ed p\u00f3za m\u00e1 funk\u010dn\u00ed d\u016fvod: Bes byl ochrann\u00fdm bohem, kter\u00fd m\u011bl odvracet negativn\u00ed energie.<\/p><p>Jeho p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd pohled vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z obrazu se aktivn\u011b obrac\u00ed proti ka\u017ed\u00e9mu zl\u00e9mu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e se p\u0159isuzuje p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchu<\/span>, kter\u00fd ohro\u017euje rodinu. Tato <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka o obsahu obraz\u016f a jejich v\u00fdznamu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografie<\/span> byla tak \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1, \u017ee se Bes jako ochrann\u00fd obraz pou\u017e\u00edval je\u0161t\u011b v \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 a byzantsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159echodn\u00e1 epocha mezi antikou a st\u0159edov\u011bkem, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 3. a\u017e 7. stolet\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">pozdn\u00ed antice<\/span>.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"K\u00fdm byl b\u016fh Bes v Egypt\u011b?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Bes byl jedn\u00edm z nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch lidov\u00fdch boh\u016f Egypta, trpasli\u010d\u00ed b\u016fh vousat\u00fd, s vyplazen\u00fdm jazykem a \u010dasto s korunou z per, zobrazovan\u00fd v\u017edy \u010deln\u011b (v Egypt\u011b extr\u00e9mn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00e1 ikonografie). Bes byl ochrann\u00fdm bohem rodiny, mate\u0159stv\u00ed, porodu a ochranou proti zl\u00fdm duch\u016fm. Na rozd\u00edl od v\u011bt\u0161iny egyptsk\u00fdch boh\u016f nem\u011bl velk\u00fd chr\u00e1m, jeho kult se odehr\u00e1val v dom\u00e1cnosti, jeho obraz byl roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en na amuletech, n\u00e1bytku, \u017eensk\u00fdch kosmetick\u00fdch schr\u00e1nk\u00e1ch a sloupc\u00edch l\u016f\u017eek.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Pro\u010d je Bes v\u017edy zobrazen \u010deln\u011b?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"\u010celn\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed Besa je ikonografickou zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed egyptsk\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ichni ostatn\u00ed egypt\u0161t\u00ed bohov\u00e9 jsou zobrazov\u00e1ni v klasick\u00e9m profilu. \u010celn\u00ed p\u00f3za m\u00e1 funk\u010dn\u00ed d\u016fvod: Bes byl ochrann\u00fdm bohem, kter\u00fd m\u011bl odvracet negativn\u00ed energie. Jeho p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd pohled vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z obrazu se aktivn\u011b obrac\u00ed proti ka\u017ed\u00e9mu zl\u00e9mu duchu, kter\u00fd ohro\u017euje rodinu. Tato ikonografie byla tak \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1, \u017ee se Bes jako ochrann\u00fd obraz pou\u017e\u00edval je\u0161t\u011b v \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 a byzantsk\u00e9 pozdn\u00ed antice.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1541,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Bes","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Bes \u2013 ochrann\u00fd d\u00e9mon dom\u00e1cnosti, porodu a sp\u00e1nku","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Bes, egyptsk\u00fd ochrann\u00fd d\u00e9mon dom\u00e1cnosti, porodu a sp\u00e1nku. P\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e1 grimasa lidov\u00e9 v\u00edry: amulety, porodn\u00ed l\u016f\u017eko a jejich \u0161irok\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"aegypten","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145118","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bes \u2013 ochrann\u00fd d\u00e9mon dom\u00e1cnosti, porodu a sp\u00e1nku<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bes, egyptsk\u00fd ochrann\u00fd d\u00e9mon dom\u00e1cnosti, porodu a sp\u00e1nku. 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