{"id":145113,"date":"2026-09-03T16:27:12","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:27:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145113"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:47:12","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:47:12","slug":"edimmu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/edimmu\/","title":{"rendered":"Edimmu"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145113\" class=\"elementor elementor-145113 elementor-723\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Edimmu, duch mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Edimmu je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 tradice.<\/p><p><strong>Neklidn\u00fd duch mrtv\u00e9ho, pokud byl zanedb\u00e1n poh\u0159eb.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duch: Net\u011blesn\u00e1 nebo polovi\u010dn\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, zesnul\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed bytosti, dom\u00e1c\u00ed duchov\u00e9 nebo str\u00e1\u017eci prah\u016f. P\u016fsob\u00ed v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b, \u010dasto v\u00e1z\u00e1n na m\u00edsta nebo rodiny.\">Duch<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145109\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Kol\u00e9bka dokumentovan\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, As\u00fdrie (p\u0159ibl. 3500 p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 330 p\u0159. n. l.).\">Mezopot\u00e1mie<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145226\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zesnul\u00ed, jejich\u017e duchov\u00e9 d\u00e1le p\u016fsob\u00ed na tomto sv\u011bt\u011b, dom\u00e1c\u00ed duchov\u00e9, p\u0159edkov\u00e9, neklidn\u00ed mrtv\u00ed.\">Duch mrtv\u00e9ho<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_mesopotamien_edimmu-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1693\" alt=\"Edimmu\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_mesopotamien_edimmu-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_mesopotamien_edimmu-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_mesopotamien_edimmu-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_mesopotamien_edimmu.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Edimmu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Edimmu nen\u00ed v mezopotamsk\u00e9 demonologii bytost\u00ed stvo\u0159enou od po\u010d\u00e1tku, ale d\u016fsledkem lidsk\u00e9ho pochyben\u00ed. Vznik\u00e1, kdy\u017e zem\u0159el\u00fd nebyl \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b poh\u0159ben, nebyl mu pravideln\u011b p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161en ob\u011btn\u00ed dar mrtv\u00fdm nebo byl vytr\u017een ze \u017eivota n\u00e1siln\u011b a v zapomn\u011bn\u00ed. Z du\u0161e, <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em>, sumersky <em>gidim<\/em>, se tak st\u00e1v\u00e1 hrozba.<\/p><p>To Edimmuovi p\u0159i\u0159azuje zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed spole\u010denskou roli: zviditel\u0148uje pochyben\u00ed poz\u016fstal\u00fdch. Obrana proto nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 jen v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lu<\/span> a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"No\u0161en\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt, jemu\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1n ochrann\u00fd, ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed odvracej\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek.\" tabindex=\"0\">amuletu<\/span>, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m poh\u0159bu a nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010di o mrtv\u00e9, <em>kispu<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rychl\u00fd p\u0159ehled: Edimmu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> neklidn\u00fd duch mrtv\u00e9ho (mezopot\u00e1msk\u00fd)<br>P\u016fvod: akkadsky <em>edimmu<\/em>, sumersky <em>gidim<\/em><br>Funkce: pron\u00e1sledovatel \u017eiv\u00fdch p\u0159i zanedban\u00e9m poh\u0159bu<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vac\u00ed osloven\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">Vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span>: <em>kispu<\/em>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pevn\u011b stanoven\u00fd, opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd \u00fakon.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span>, ob\u011btiny vody a mouky pro mrtv\u00e9<br>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 prameny: s\u00e9rie Maql\u00fb, Utukk\u016b lemn\u016btu, Epos o Gilgame\u0161ovi, tabulka XII<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Doklady o Edimmu sahaj\u00ed od ran\u00fdch sumersk\u00fdch text\u016f a\u017e do novoasyrsk\u00e9 a novobabylonsk\u00e9 doby. Komplex p\u00e9\u010de o mrtv\u00e9, ducha mrtv\u00e9ho a v\u00edry v posmrtn\u00fd \u017eivot je tak jedn\u00edm z nejtrvalej\u0161\u00edch prvk\u016f mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/p><p><strong>Mytologick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Edimmu<\/em>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> nebo du\u0161e zesnul\u00fdch, nen\u00ed v mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span> jednotlivou entitou, n\u00fdbr\u017e t\u0159\u00eddou nadp\u0159irozen\u00fdch bytost\u00ed, duch\u016f mrtv\u00fdch. <em>Edimmu<\/em> jsou net\u011blesn\u00e9 poz\u016fstatky zesnul\u00fdch lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed putuj\u00ed podsv\u011bt\u00edm.<\/p><p>Mohou b\u00fdt zl\u00ed nebo neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed, podle toho, jak \u017eili a jak byli poh\u0159beni. <em>Edimmu<\/em> jsou v\u00e1z\u00e1ni na hmotn\u00fd sv\u011bt emo\u010dn\u00edmi nebo t\u011blesn\u00fdmi pouty, nevy\u0159e\u0161en\u00fdmi z\u00e1le\u017eitostmi, \u0161patn\u00fdm poh\u0159bem nebo siln\u00fdmi pocity. Nejsou ani bohy, ani \u00fapln\u00fdmi d\u00e9mony, n\u00fdbr\u017e n\u011b\u010d\u00edm mezi t\u00edm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tato p\u0159edstava je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena po cel\u00e9m mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9m kulturn\u00edm prostoru. Funk\u010dn\u00ed paralely se d\u00e1le nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v antick\u00fdch st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch, ve v\u00fdchodoasijsk\u00fdch lidov\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch a v evropsk\u00fdch tradic\u00edch lidov\u00e9 v\u00edry.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi prameny jsou za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vac\u00ed s\u00e9rie Maql\u00fb a \u0160urpu, tabulka XII Eposu o Gilgame\u0161ovi s pokyny k usm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nepoh\u0159ben\u00e9ho mrtv\u00e9ho a kanonick\u00e1 sb\u00edrka Utukk\u016b lemn\u016btu (\u201eZl\u00ed d\u00e9moni&#8220;). Edici a p\u0159eklad z\u00e1sadn\u011b provedli M.J. Geller (Brill, 2007 a 2016) a R. Borger; praxi kispu systematicky zpracoval Akio Tsukimoto (1985).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a varianty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Akkadsky:<\/strong> <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em>, ve star\u0161\u00edch transkripc\u00edch tak\u00e9 <em>edimmu<\/em>, <em>etimmu<\/em>, <em>ekimmu<\/em>.<br>Sumersky: <em>gidim<\/em>.<br>Doslova: \u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>&#8222;, \u201edu\u0161e mrtv\u00e9ho&#8220;.<\/p><p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 rozli\u0161en\u00ed: v principu m\u00e1 <em>ka\u017ed\u00fd<\/em> zesnul\u00fd svou <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em>. Hrozbou se v\u0161ak st\u00e1v\u00e1 jen tehdy, pokud je zanedb\u00e1na p\u00e9\u010de o mrtv\u00e9, smrt byla n\u00e1siln\u00e1 nebo t\u011blo z\u016fstalo nepoh\u0159beno. \u201eEdimmu&#8220; jako pojem pro d\u00e9mona tedy znamen\u00e1 vykolejen\u00e9ho, neklidn\u00e9ho ducha mrtv\u00e9ho, nikoli du\u0161i jako takovou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charakteristiky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Zjev<\/strong><\/p><p>Beztvar\u00fd, bez pevn\u00e9 ikonografie. Setk\u00e1n\u00ed s n\u00edm prob\u00edh\u00e1 akusticky (\u017ealostn\u00e9 zvuky, st\u00e9n\u00e1n\u00ed), ve snech nebo jako v noci vn\u00edman\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost v dom\u011b. Akkadsk\u00e1 u\u010den\u00e1 tradice rozli\u0161uje mezi edimmu, kte\u0159\u00ed se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed viditeln\u00fdmi (vz\u00e1cn\u011b), a t\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 lze zaznamenat jen nep\u0159\u00edmo (obvykl\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad).<\/p><p><strong>Chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Edimmu p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed v noci do dom\u016f sv\u00fdch \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch. Vy\u017eaduj\u00ed pozornost, opomenut\u00e9 smute\u010dn\u00ed ob\u0159ady, nevykonan\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu na vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed d\u00edk\u016f, prosby nebo uct\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011bti<\/span> z vody a mouky. Nejsou-li usm\u00ed\u0159eni, zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed nemoc, no\u010dn\u00ed d\u011bsy a ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. Ohro\u017een\u00ed je trval\u00e9: jedin\u00fd opomenut\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pevn\u011b stanoven\u00fd, opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd \u00fakon.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span> m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt za n\u00e1sledek l\u00e9ta str\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p><p><strong>Oblast p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>Poruchy sp\u00e1nku, no\u010dn\u00ed d\u011bsy, bolesti hlavy, smutek, nemoci v rodin\u011b, neplodnost, ne\u00fasp\u011bch v podnik\u00e1n\u00ed. Mezopotamsk\u00e1 diagnostika p\u0159isuzovala \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu nespecifick\u00fdch pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u011b komplexu edimmu, podobn\u011b jako \u017eidovsko-rab\u00ednsk\u00e1 diagnostika Lilith.<\/p><p><strong>Vzhled a symbolika<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Edimmu<\/em> jsou zobrazov\u00e1ni jako lidsk\u00e9 postavy, ale \u00e9terick\u00e9, \u0161ed\u00e9 nebo pr\u016fsvitn\u00e9, s jak\u00fdmsi duchovn\u00edm jasem. Nesou si s sebou do podsv\u011bt\u00ed oble\u010den\u00ed nebo znaky ze sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota, ty v\u0161ak p\u0159i p\u0159echodu vyblednou. Jejich o\u010di jsou pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 nebo pln\u00e9 smutku.<\/p><p>N\u011bkdy je viditeln\u00e1 jen \u010dern\u00e1 nebo \u0161ed\u00e1 silueta. <em>Edimmu<\/em> nemaj\u00ed hmotnost fyzick\u00fdch t\u011bl; mohou proch\u00e1zet zdmi a mizet. Jejich p\u0159\u00edtomnost b\u00fdv\u00e1 doprov\u00e1zena chladem nebo jist\u00fdm druhem strachu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Edimmu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekty edimmu na jeden pohled. Podrobnosti k jm\u00e9nu, popisu, obran\u011b a paralel\u00e1m najdete v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch odd\u00edlech.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tradice<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>D\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd nebyl \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b poh\u0159ben, jeho\u017e p\u00e9\u010de o mrtv\u00e9ho byla opomenuta, nebo kter\u00fd zem\u0159el n\u00e1silnou smrt\u00ed a byl zapomenut. Tedy: nejde o stvo\u0159en\u00ed, ale o n\u00e1sledek zanedb\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Na koho se edimmu zam\u011b\u0159uje<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed zanedbali poh\u0159eb nebo <em>kispu<\/em>. Vedle toho na poutn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed proch\u00e1zej\u00ed m\u00edsty ne\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch poh\u0159b\u016f nebo n\u00e1siln\u00e9 smrti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vzhled edimmu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>St\u00ednovit\u00fd, bled\u00fd, vyhubl\u00fd, podobn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bku. Nejde o hybridn\u00ed bytost. Jeho p\u0159\u00edtomnost se \u010dasto projevuje v\u00edce v p\u0159\u00edznac\u00edch a snech ne\u017e v jasn\u00fdch obrazech.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u016fsoben\u00ed edimmu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed, chronick\u00e1 nemoc, no\u010dn\u00ed d\u011bsy, nevysv\u011btliteln\u00e9 utrpen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch. Sp\u00ed\u0161e trval\u00e9 su\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u017e n\u00e1hl\u00fd \u00fatok.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrana<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dodate\u010dn\u00fd poh\u0159eb nebo n\u00e1hradn\u00ed ritu\u00e1l, pravideln\u00e9 mrtv\u00e9 ob\u011bti <em>kispu<\/em>, za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed k usm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed a n\u00e1vratu do podsv\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely edimmu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lemures (\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9), K\u00e9ry a nepoh\u0159ben\u00e9 du\u0161e u Hom\u00e9ra (\u0159eck\u00e9), hladov\u00ed duchov\u00e9 (\u010d\u00ednsko-buddhistick\u00e9), revenanti (germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9), modern\u00ed motivy poltergeista.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrana v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ritu\u00e1ly na obranu<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00dast\u0159edn\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pevn\u011b stanoven\u00fd, opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd \u00fakon.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lem<\/span> je <em>kispu<\/em>, pravideln\u00e9 krmen\u00ed mrtv\u00fdch vodou, chlebem a moukou, m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b p\u0159i novolun\u00ed a v den v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed smrti. K tomu pat\u0159\u00ed \u00fastn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vac\u00ed obracen\u00ed se k bo\u017estvu nebo s\u00edle.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> mrtv\u00e9ho jm\u00e9nem.<\/p><p>P\u0159i akutn\u00edm pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edvaly za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vac\u00ed texty ze s\u00e9rie Maql\u00fb: spalov\u00e1n\u00ed hlin\u011bn\u00fdch figurek, kou\u0159ov\u00e9 ob\u011bti z jalovce, ochrann\u00e9 kruhy kolem domu. Epos o Gilgame\u0161ovi, tabulka XII, obsahuje podrobn\u00fd n\u00e1vod na usm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed Edimmua nepoh\u0159ben\u00e9ho padl\u00e9ho.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo svat\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kult<\/span> a uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><p>&#8222;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo svat\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kult<\/span>&#8220; <em>Edimmu\u016f<\/em> se projevoval v uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edk\u016f a z\u00e1du\u0161n\u00edch ritu\u00e1lech. Rodiny ctily sv\u00e9 zesnul\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 ob\u011b\u0165mi a modlitbami, aby jejich <em>Edimmu<\/em> z\u016fstal v podsv\u011bt\u00ed klidn\u00fd a spokojen\u00fd.<\/p><p>Kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bli ritu\u00e1ly k odvr\u00e1cen\u00ed nebo usm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed zl\u00fdch <em>Edimmu\u016f<\/em>. Hroby byly z\u00e1sobov\u00e1ny ob\u011b\u0165mi, aby se <em>Edimmu<\/em> nasytil a upokojil. Nen\u00e1le\u017eit\u011b poh\u0159ben\u00ed nebo proklat\u00ed <em>Edimmuov\u00e9<\/em> byli zdrojem velk\u00e9ho strachu a vy\u017eadovali zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed s\u00edly k vyhn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Edimmu, paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u0158ecko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd sv\u011bt<\/strong><\/p><p>K\u00e9ry u Hom\u00e9ra a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u0159\u00edm\u0161t\u00ed Lemures, neklidn\u00e9 du\u0161e vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed z nepoh\u0159ben\u00fdch nebo hn\u011bvaj\u00edc\u00edch se mrtv\u00fdch, odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed funk\u010dn\u011b z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti edimmu. Slavnost <em>Lemuria<\/em> v \u0158\u00edm\u011b je institucionalizovanou odpov\u011bd\u00ed na tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span>.<\/p><p><strong>V\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie:<\/strong> Buddhisticky ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed \u201ehladov\u00ed duchov\u00e9\u201c (preta, egui) \u010d\u00ednsko-japonsko-korejsk\u00e9 tradice vznikaj\u00ed z nenapln\u011bn\u00fdch pout a nedostate\u010dn\u00fdch ob\u0159ad\u016f. Festival hladov\u00fdch duch\u016f pravideln\u011b obnovuje ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di o mrtv\u00e9.<\/p><p><strong>Evropa (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy a zvyky roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">lidov\u00e1 v\u00edra<\/span>):<\/strong> Motivy revenant\u016f a poltergeist\u016f v germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 a slovansk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e zachycuj\u00ed stejnou z\u00e1kladn\u00ed my\u0161lenku: zesnul\u00fd se vrac\u00ed, proto\u017ee <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pevn\u011b stanoven\u00fd, opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd \u00fakon.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span>, spravedlnost nebo rozlou\u010den\u00ed nebyly \u00fapln\u00e9. Obrana je tak z\u00e1rove\u0148 formou n\u00e1pravy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9302b7d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9302b7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3f157fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp3f157fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Neklidn\u00fd mrtv\u00fd: p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny a logika<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp41008d0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp41008d0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1c68ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp1c68ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>E\u1e6demmu<\/em> (sumersky <em>gidim<\/em>, ve star\u0161\u00ed badatelsk\u00e9 literatu\u0159e \u010dasto ps\u00e1n jako <em>edimmu<\/em>) nen\u00ed v mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9m my\u0161len\u00ed zpo\u010d\u00e1tku ni\u010d\u00edm hroziv\u00fdm. Slovo obecn\u011b ozna\u010duje ducha zem\u0159el\u00e9ho, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> mrtv\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p><p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk se po smrti st\u00e1v\u00e1 <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em>. Za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch okolnost\u00ed tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> sestupuje do podsv\u011bt\u00ed, nal\u00e9z\u00e1 tam sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto a je zaopat\u0159ov\u00e1n pravideln\u00fdmi ob\u011btinami mrtv\u00fdm, kter\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed potomci.<\/p><p>Nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm se <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em> st\u00e1v\u00e1 a\u017e tehdy, kdy\u017e se tento uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd p\u0159echod nezda\u0159\u00ed. Texty uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny p\u0159esn\u011b: \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd nebyl \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b poh\u0159ben, jeho\u017e t\u011blo z\u016fstalo nezahrab\u00e1no nebo se vzn\u00e1\u0161elo ve vod\u011b; \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd nezanechal potomky a nem\u00e1 tedy nikoho, kdo by o n\u011bj pe\u010doval; \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd zem\u0159el n\u00e1silnou, p\u0159ed\u010dasnou nebo nep\u0159irozenou smrt\u00ed.<\/p><p>Takov\u00ed mrtv\u00ed nenal\u00e9zaj\u00ed klid. Jejich <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1z\u00e1n na sv\u011bt \u017eiv\u00fdch a vrac\u00ed se zp\u011bt.<\/p><p>Neklidn\u00fd <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em> pak su\u017euje \u017eiv\u00e9. Napad\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bka, vnik\u00e1 do n\u011bj p\u0159es ucho, zp\u016fsobuje nemoc, bolesti hlavy, slabost, du\u0161evn\u00ed zmatenost.<\/p><p>Tato p\u0159edstava je z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska d\u016fsledn\u00e1: duch mrtv\u00e9ho chce to, co mu chyb\u00ed, poh\u0159eb a p\u00e9\u010di, a z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 to t\u00edm, \u017ee su\u017euje \u017eiv\u00e9ho, dokud on nebo jeho rodina nezajist\u00ed n\u00e1pravu.<\/p><p>V\u00edra v <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em> prom\u011bnila spole\u010denskou povinnost \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho poh\u0159bu a p\u00e9\u010de o mrtv\u00e9 v ot\u00e1zku vlastn\u00edho zdrav\u00ed. Kdo mrtv\u00e9 zanedb\u00e1val, riskoval jejich n\u00e1vrat.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp83df163 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp83df163\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp11c77de elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp11c77de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L\u00e9\u010den\u00ed v mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9m l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed: diagn\u00f3za a za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpea16c28 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpea16c28\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbdb4429 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpbdb4429\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>E\u1e6demmu<\/em> je v mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 medic\u00edn\u011b a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, kter\u00e9 se pomoc\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f nebo formul\u00ed sna\u017e\u00ed zas\u00e1hnout do b\u011bhu v\u011bc\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">magii<\/span> jednou z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din nemoci. Diagnostick\u00e9 texty, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm velk\u00e1 s\u00e9rie <em>Sakikk\u016b<\/em> (\u201eP\u0159\u00edznaky\u201c), spojovan\u00e1 v badatelstv\u00ed s pracemi Nilse Hee\u00dfela, uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed soubory p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f vykl\u00e1dan\u00e9 jako \u201eruka ducha mrtv\u00e9ho\u201c (<em>q\u0101t e\u1e6demmi<\/em>).<\/p><p>Za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vac\u00ed kn\u011bz, <em>\u0101\u0161ipu<\/em>, na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f nemoci ur\u010dil, zda je na d\u00edle <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em>, a od toho odv\u00edjel l\u00e9\u010dbu.<\/p><p>Samostatn\u00e1 skupina text\u016f, kterou JoAnn Scurlock ve sv\u00e9m vyd\u00e1n\u00ed shrnula pod n\u00e1zvem \u201enemoci od duch\u016f\u201c, l\u00e9\u010dbu podrobn\u011b dokumentuje. Zahrnovala za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, masti, n\u00e1poje, amulety a ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fakony.<\/p><p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm postupem bylo identifikovat ducha mrtv\u00e9ho a pot\u00e9 ho pomoc\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lu<\/span> a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00edky, prosbu nebo \u00factu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011btiny<\/span> usm\u00ed\u0159it nebo poslat zp\u011bt do podsv\u011bt\u00ed. N\u011bkdy se <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchu<\/span> dodate\u010dn\u011b poskytl poh\u0159eb nebo p\u00e9\u010de, kter\u00e1 mu chyb\u011bla; jindy byl v\u00e1z\u00e1n na n\u00e1hradu, nap\u0159\u00edklad figurku, a t\u00edm odd\u011blen od pacienta.<\/p><p>Tyto prameny jsou pro d\u011bjiny n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 cenn\u00e9, proto\u017ee ukazuj\u00ed, jak t\u011bsn\u011b byly v Mezopot\u00e1mii propleteny medic\u00edna, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, kter\u00e9 se pomoc\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f nebo formul\u00ed sna\u017e\u00ed zas\u00e1hnout do b\u011bhu v\u011bc\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span> a kult mrtv\u00fdch. L\u00e9\u010dba nemocn\u00e9ho byla z\u00e1rove\u0148 l\u00e9\u010dbou naru\u0161en\u00e9ho vztahu mezi \u017eiv\u00fdmi a mrtv\u00fdmi.<\/p><p><em>\u0100\u0161ipu<\/em> nebyl exorcistou v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm slova smyslu, kter\u00fd by vyh\u00e1n\u011bl nep\u0159\u00edtele, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e prost\u0159edn\u00edkem obnovuj\u00edc\u00edm naru\u0161en\u00fd spole\u010densk\u00fd vztah, jen s t\u00edm rozd\u00edlem, \u017ee jeden z \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f byl ji\u017e mrtv\u00fd. P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi mocnostmi zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00edmi nemoc, proti kter\u00fdm zasahovali t\u00ed\u017e specialist\u00e9, byli <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145374\">Rabisu<\/a> a d\u00e9moni <em>utukku<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp80cd23c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp80cd23c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5308c81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp5308c81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ob\u011bti kispu a p\u00e9\u010de o mrtv\u00e9<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9eacb7e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9eacb7e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp62f6bcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp62f6bcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prevenc\u00ed proti neklidn\u00e9mu <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em> byla pravideln\u00e1, \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010de o mrtv\u00e9, <em>kispu<\/em>. Tento pojem ozna\u010duje ob\u011btiny mrtv\u00fdm a vzpom\u00ednkov\u00e9 ob\u0159ady, kter\u00e9 m\u011bli potomci pro sv\u00e9 zem\u0159el\u00e9 p\u0159edky vykon\u00e1vat.<\/p><p><em>Kispu<\/em> v j\u00e1dru spo\u010d\u00edvalo v p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed j\u00eddla a zejm\u00e9na vody mrtv\u00fdm, spojen\u00e9m s vyslovov\u00e1n\u00edm jejich jmen.<\/p><p>Tyto ob\u0159ady m\u011bly v kalend\u00e1\u0159i pevn\u00e9 m\u00edsto. Existovaly pravideln\u00e9, \u010dasto m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed vzpom\u00ednkov\u00e9 dny, a m\u011bs\u00edc Abu v hlubok\u00e9m l\u00e9t\u011b platil za zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed \u010das vzpom\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed na mrtv\u00e9, kdy se hranice mezi sv\u011bty pokl\u00e1dala za prostupnou.<\/p><p>P\u00e9\u010de se nevztahovala jen na ned\u00e1vno zem\u0159el\u00e9, ale sahala zp\u011bt p\u0159es generace; v kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch domech se p\u0159i <em>kispu<\/em> p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ely dlouh\u00e9 seznamy p\u0159edk\u016f.<\/p><p>Logika za t\u00edm je jasn\u00e1: mrtv\u00fd, o kter\u00e9ho je pe\u010dov\u00e1no prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm <em>kispu<\/em>, jeho\u017e jm\u00e9no je vysloveno a jeho\u017e \u017e\u00edze\u0148 je uti\u0161ena, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v podsv\u011bt\u00ed spokojen a nevrac\u00ed se.<\/p><p>Mrtv\u00fd, na kter\u00e9ho se zapomene, jeho\u017e rodina vym\u0159ela nebo p\u00e9\u010di zanedb\u00e1v\u00e1, se st\u00e1v\u00e1 hladov\u00fdm, \u017e\u00edzniv\u00fdm a neklidn\u00fdm <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em>. P\u00e9\u010de o mrtv\u00e9 tak nebyla pouhou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pro\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd postoj a praxe \u010dlov\u011bka.\" tabindex=\"0\">zbo\u017enost\u00ed<\/span>, n\u00fdbr\u017e smlouvou mezi generacemi s bezprost\u0159edn\u00edmi d\u016fsledky.<\/p><p>\u017div\u00ed zaopat\u0159ovali mrtv\u00e9 a t\u00edm si u nich kupovali klid; mrtv\u00ed naopak mohli b\u00fdt \u017eiv\u00fdm, pokud byli uspokojeni, tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b naklon\u011bn\u00ed. V\u00edra v <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em> a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span> <em>kispu<\/em> jsou dv\u011b strany t\u00e9ho\u017e vztahu ke sv\u011btu zem\u0159el\u00fdch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145114\">Gallu, p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd mezopotamsk\u00fd d\u00e9mon-lovec<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145110\">Lamashtu, p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e1 demonice<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145111\">Pazuzu, apotropaick\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 postava<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145283\">Ereshkigal, vl\u00e1dkyn\u011b podsv\u011bt\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145276\">Nergal, b\u016fh podsv\u011bt\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145374\">Rabisu, p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd \u010d\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00e9mon<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145109\">Mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e1 tradice, celkov\u00fd kontext<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Odborn\u00e1 literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Bott\u00e9ro, Jean: <em>Mesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods<\/em>. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Black, Jeremy \/ Green, Anthony: <em>Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia<\/em>. British Museum Press, London 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Wiggermann, Frans A.M.: <em>Mesopotamian Protective Spirits: The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ust\u00e1len\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritual<\/span> Texts<\/em>. Styx, Groningen 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Scurlock, JoAnn: <em>Magico-Medical Means of Treating Ghost-Induced Illnesses in Ancient Mesopotamia<\/em>. Brill, Leiden 2006.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Foster, Benjamin R.: <em>Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature<\/em>. CDL Press, Bethesda 2005.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Hee\u00dfel, Nils P.: <em>Babylonisch-assyrische Diagnostik<\/em>. AOAT 43, M\u00fcnster 2000.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-edimmu-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-edimmu-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-edimmu\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-edimmu-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-edimmu-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Popsan\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 praxe je religionistick\u00fdm za\u0159azen\u00edm historick\u00fdch tradic. iWell Guard navazuje na tuto kulturn\u011b-historickou linii nositeln\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a p\u0159edstavuje jej\u00ed sou\u010dasnou podobu. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1441f2e e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1441f2e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93e86c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93e86c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o Edimmuovi<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Co byli Edimmuov\u00e9 v mezopotamsk\u00e9m n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed?<\/h3><p>Edimmuov\u00e9 (sumersky GIDIM, akkadsky e\u1e6dimmu) byli v mezopotamsk\u00e9m n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed duchov\u00e9 zesnul\u00fdch, zejm\u00e9na t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed nebyli \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b poh\u0159beni nebo jejich\u017e rodina jim nep\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ela ob\u011btn\u00ed dary mrtv\u00fdm.<\/p><p>Jsou mezopotamsk\u00fdm prot\u011bj\u0161kem stra\u0161idel a duch\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed na tomto sv\u011bt\u011b, aby tr\u00fdznili \u017eiv\u00e9 nemocemi, no\u010dn\u00edmi d\u011bsy, nehodami a ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00edm. V Epose o Gilgame\u0161ovi se Edimmu Enkidua vrac\u00ed z podsv\u011bt\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u00ed Gilgame\u0161ovi o pom\u011brech v \u0159\u00ed\u0161i mrtv\u00fdch.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Jak se \u010dlov\u011bk chr\u00e1nil p\u0159ed Edimmuem?<\/h3><p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metodou byl \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd poh\u0159eb a pravideln\u00e9 ob\u011btiny mrtv\u00fdm (kispum), chl\u00e9b, pivo a voda pro p\u0159edky. Pokud se Edimmu i tak vr\u00e1til, pom\u00e1haly za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vac\u00ed tabulky, ritu\u00e1l namburbi (druh rozvazovac\u00edho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lu<\/span>) a vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed mezopotamsk\u00fdch bo\u017estev, zejm\u00e9na \u0160ama\u0161e (boha slunce a soudce) a Marduka.<\/p><p>Typick\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span> spo\u010d\u00edval ve vytvo\u0159en\u00ed hlin\u011bn\u00e9 figurky Edimmua, pops\u00e1n\u00ed jm\u00e9nem ducha a jej\u00edm symbolick\u00e9m zahrab\u00e1n\u00ed nebo hozen\u00ed do vody.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Co byli Edimmuov\u00e9 v mezopotamsk\u00e9m n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Edimmuov\u00e9 (sumersky GIDIM, akkadsky e\u1e6dimmu) byli v mezopotamsk\u00e9m n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed duchov\u00e9 zesnul\u00fdch, zejm\u00e9na t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed nebyli \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b poh\u0159beni nebo jejich\u017e rodina jim nep\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ela ob\u011btn\u00ed dary mrtv\u00fdm.Jsou mezopotamsk\u00fdm prot\u011bj\u0161kem stra\u0161idel a duch\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed na tomto sv\u011bt\u011b, aby tr\u00fdznili \u017eiv\u00e9 nemocemi, no\u010dn\u00edmi d\u011bsy, nehodami a ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00edm. V Epose o Gilgame\u0161ovi se Edimmu Enkidua vrac\u00ed z podsv\u011bt\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u00ed Gilgame\u0161ovi o pom\u011brech v \u0159\u00ed\u0161i mrtv\u00fdch.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Jak se \u010dlov\u011bk chr\u00e1nil p\u0159ed Edimmuem?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metodou byl \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd poh\u0159eb a pravideln\u00e9 ob\u011btiny mrtv\u00fdm (kispum), chl\u00e9b, pivo a voda pro p\u0159edky. Pokud se Edimmu i tak vr\u00e1til, pom\u00e1haly za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vac\u00ed tabulky, ritu\u00e1l namburbi (druh rozvazovac\u00edho ritu\u00e1lu) a vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed mezopotamsk\u00fdch bo\u017estev, zejm\u00e9na \u0160ama\u0161e (boha slunce a soudce) a Marduka.Typick\u00fd ritu\u00e1l spo\u010d\u00edval ve vytvo\u0159en\u00ed hlin\u011bn\u00e9 figurky Edimmua, pops\u00e1n\u00ed jm\u00e9nem ducha a jej\u00edm symbolick\u00e9m zahrab\u00e1n\u00ed nebo hozen\u00ed do vody.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1693,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Edimmu","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Edimmu - neklidn\u00fd duch mrtv\u00e9ho bez poh\u0159bu","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Edimmu nen\u00ed v mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 d\u00e9monologii stvo\u0159enou postavou, ale d\u016fsledkem lidsk\u00e9ho zanedb\u00e1n\u00ed. 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