{"id":171849,"date":"2026-09-05T15:42:58","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T15:42:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=171849"},"modified":"2026-09-05T16:08:49","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T16:08:49","slug":"ksitigarbha","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/ksitigarbha\/","title":{"rendered":"Ksitigarbha"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"171849\" class=\"elementor elementor-171849 elementor-3038 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e868ac8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e868ac8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe78d0d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fe78d0d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a4c167 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3a4c167\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e09f43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5e09f43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ksitigarbha, bodhisattva dels inferns<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a54a838 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a54a838\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ksitigarbha (s\u00e0nscrit \u00absi de la terra\u00bb) \u00e9s una figura de bodhisattva central en el budisme Mahayana i en el budisme de l&#8217;\u00c0sia Oriental. \u00c9s conegut pel seu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una promesa religiosa solemne davant d'una divinitat.\" tabindex=\"0\">vot<\/span> de no assolir la plena budeitat fins que tots els \u00e9ssers hagin estat alliberats dels regnes infernals.<\/p><p>A la Xina se l&#8217;anomena Dizang, al Jap\u00f3 Jizo, a Corea Jijang Bosal. La seva vinculaci\u00f3 especial amb els difunts, amb el viatge pels mons intermedis i amb la protecci\u00f3 dels nens el converteixen en una de les figures de bodhisattva m\u00e9s populars de l&#8217;\u00c0sia Oriental.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a44f4a2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a44f4a2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1765563 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"1765563\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00e9u \/ Deessa: Poder suprem personificat en el pante\u00f3 d'una cultura, amb compet\u00e8ncies clares \u2014 forces de la natura, dest\u00ed, guerra, fertilitat. Venerat mitjan\u00e7ant cultes, ofrenes i institucions de temple.\">D\u00e9u<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/budisme\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tradici\u00f3 budista amb bodhisattvas, divinitats protectores, esperits famolencs i guardians dels inferns.\">Budisme<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3325e6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b3325e6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90cd16e elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"90cd16e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No s&#039;ha trobat cap encap\\u00e7alament en aquesta p\\u00e0gina.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00cdndex\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__90cd16e\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__90cd16e\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__90cd16e\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0b2456 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f0b2456\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c4716c iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6c4716c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-173434\" alt=\"Ksitigarbha - D\u00e9us de la tradici\u00f3 budista, il\u00b7lustraci\u00f3 historicoreligiosa\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0214908 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0214908\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0b1329 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d0b1329\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc79855 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc79855\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fonts s\u00e0nscrites i sutres<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f19d17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f19d17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La font principal \u00e9s el Ksitigarbha-Bodhisattva-Purvapranidhana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En l'hinduisme i el budisme, un text doctrinal en forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span>, conegut breument com el Dizang-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En l'hinduisme i el budisme, un text doctrinal en forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span>. Nom\u00e9s es conserva en traducci\u00f3 xinesa del segle VII; l&#8217;original indi s&#8217;ha perdut o mai no va existir.<\/p><p>Robert Buswell i Donald Lopez (\u00abPrinceton Dictionary of Buddhism\u00bb, Princeton 2014) consideren que el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En l'hinduisme i el budisme, un text doctrinal en forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> \u00e9s probablement una composici\u00f3 sorgida a l&#8217;\u00c0sia Central o a la Xina, que uneix motius m\u00e9s antics de bodhisattva en una nova doctrina.<\/p><p>El <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En l'hinduisme i el budisme, un text doctrinal en forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> descriu diverses exist\u00e8ncies anteriors de Ksitigarbha, en les quals, com a dona o com a brahman, va fer repetidament el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una promesa religiosa solemne davant d'una divinitat.\" tabindex=\"0\">vot<\/span> d&#8217;alliberar els inferns. El vers central diu, en ess\u00e8ncia: \u00abMentre els inferns no estiguin buits, no vull esdevenir Buda; mentre no tots els \u00e9ssers siguin alliberats, no vull entrar al nirvana.\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Una segona obra, menys extensa, \u00e9s el Dasakra-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En l'hinduisme i el budisme, un text doctrinal en forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> de Ksitigarbha. Tracta de les deu rodes que el bodhisattva fa girar per aturar la decad\u00e8ncia moral de les \u00e8poques tardanes. Ambd\u00f3s textos estan ancorats <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Que pertany al conjunt de textos reconegut oficialment per una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">can\u00f2nicament<\/span> en les col\u00b7leccions Tripitaka de l&#8217;\u00c0sia Oriental.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe85b6b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fe85b6b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac0183d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ac0183d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Funci\u00f3 en el pante\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d06f78 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d06f78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En el Mahayana xin\u00e8s, Dizang \u00e9s un dels quatre grans bodhisattvas, juntament amb Avalokiteshvara (Guanyin), Manjushri (Wenshu) i Samantabhadra (Puxian). Cadascun d&#8217;aquests quatre est\u00e0 associat a una muntanya sagrada de la Xina, i Dizang ho est\u00e0 amb el Jiuhua Shan, a Anhui. Aquesta tradici\u00f3 de les quatre muntanyes est\u00e0 documentada des del segle IX i encara avui estructura el paisatge de peregrinaci\u00f3 budista xin\u00e8s.<\/p><p>Funcionalment, Ksitigarbha comparteix amb Avalokiteshvara el paper de bodhisattva de la compassi\u00f3, per\u00f2 amb una especialitzaci\u00f3 en els \u00e0mbits m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 de la vida humana. Mentre Avalokiteshvara protegeix els \u00e9ssers en aquest m\u00f3n, Ksitigarbha actua en els altres cinc dels sis regnes de l&#8217;exist\u00e8ncia, sobretot en els regnes infernals (naraka) i entre els esperits famolencs (preta).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a88e1a2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a88e1a2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2848bc5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2848bc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iconografia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5f7b92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d5f7b92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ksitigarbha se sol representar com un monjo, cosa que el diferencia de la majoria dels altres bodhisattvas, que porten ornaments reials. Porta el khakkhara, un bast\u00f3 de monjo amb anells de campanetes, que serveix tant per obrir les portes de l&#8217;infern com per espantar els insectes que se li apropen, perqu\u00e8 el monjo no faci mal a cap \u00e9sser viu.<\/p><p>A la m\u00e0 esquerra sost\u00e9 un cintamani, la joia dels desitjos, que porta llum als indrets tenebrosos. T\u00e9 el cap afaitat com el d&#8217;un monjo plenament ordenat. La iconografia japonesa de Jizo ha adoptat aquesta estructura b\u00e0sica i alhora l&#8217;ha simplificat: les petites est\u00e0tues de pedra al costat del cam\u00ed s\u00f3n una forma caracter\u00edstica de religiositat popular derivada del model can\u00f2nic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2620dd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a2620dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb2e2e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fb2e2e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">El Jiuhua Shan i la llegenda de Kim<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e17f5b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e17f5b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La muntanya Jiuhua, a la prov\u00edncia d&#8217;Anhui, \u00e9s des del segle VIII el principal centre de veneraci\u00f3 de Dizang. La <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un relat edificant, generalment sobre la vida de sants.\" tabindex=\"0\">llegenda<\/span> relaciona la muntanya amb un pr\u00edncep core\u00e0 anomenat Kim Gyo-gak (en xin\u00e8s Jin Qiaojue), que cap al 720 va arribar a la Xina com a monjo i va dur una vida asc\u00e8tica a la muntanya.<\/p><p>Es diu que va morir als 99 anys, i que el seu cos es va trobar intacte tres anys despr\u00e9s, fet que, segons la comprensi\u00f3 budista, es considerava un signe de la seva il\u00b7luminaci\u00f3. Va ser venerat com a incarnaci\u00f3 de Ksitigarbha.<\/p><p>La persona hist\u00f2rica \u00e9s dif\u00edcil de documentar amb rigor cr\u00edtic, per\u00f2 el material arqueol\u00f2gic i literari apunta a un nucli real. Hans Steininger (\u00abBuddhistische Pilgerst\u00e4tten Chinas\u00bb, Wiesbaden 1976) ha reconstru\u00eft detalladament la formaci\u00f3 del culte al Jiuhua Shan.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a107da e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7a107da\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-125645b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"125645b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jizo al Jap\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f38ebe1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f38ebe1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Al Jap\u00f3, Jizo ha seguit un desenvolupament propi que l&#8217;ha portat molt m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 del marc can\u00f2nic cl\u00e0ssic, convertint-lo en una divinitat popular dels nens, dels viatgers, de les dones embarassades i dels moribunds.<\/p><p>La veneraci\u00f3 avui especialment coneguda de Mizuko-Jizo es refereix als \u00abnens d&#8217;aigua\u00bb (mizuko), \u00e9s a dir, nens morts per part mort, avortament espontani o interrupci\u00f3 volunt\u00e0ria de l&#8217;embar\u00e0s. \u00c9s un desenvolupament modern del segle XX, sobretot despr\u00e9s de 1948, any en qu\u00e8 l&#8217;avortament es va legalitzar al Jap\u00f3.<\/p><p>William LaFleur ha mostrat a \u00abLiquid Life. Abortion and Buddhism in Japan\u00bb (Princeton 1992) que aquesta forma no t\u00e9 arrel can\u00f2nica, sin\u00f3 que \u00e9s un complex contemporani fet de treball de dol, ofertes comercials dels temples i simbolisme budista.<\/p><p>En contrast hi ha les antigues est\u00e0tues de Jizo situades en encreuaments de camins, en colls de muntanya i en cementiris, presents al Jap\u00f3 des del segle XII, que tenen per funci\u00f3 protegir tant els viatgers com els difunts.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93f37fc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93f37fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cd22f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3cd22f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Els deu reis de l'infern<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-442474d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"442474d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En la tradici\u00f3 religiosa popular xinesa, Ksitigarbha est\u00e0 estretament relacionat amb el sistema dels deu reis de l&#8217;infern (shidian yanjun). Aquests representen els deu judicis intermedis que l&#8217;\u00e0nima travessa despr\u00e9s de la mort. Ksitigarbha no \u00e9s ell mateix un jutge, sin\u00f3 la inst\u00e0ncia que en cadascun d&#8217;aquests \u00e0mbits aporta compassi\u00f3 i ajuda.<\/p><p>El \u00ab<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En l'hinduisme i el budisme, un text doctrinal de forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> dels deu reis\u00bb (Shiwang jing), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Que es troba fora del c\u00e0non reconegut.\" tabindex=\"0\">ap\u00f2crif<\/span> del segle IX, descriu aquesta constel\u00b7laci\u00f3. Stephen Teiser, a \u00abThe Scripture of the Ten Kings\u00bb (Honolulu, 1994), ha tra\u00e7at el desenvolupament d&#8217;aquest univers imaginari a partir de la fusi\u00f3 d&#8217;elements budistes, taoistes i confucians.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5afb81 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e5afb81\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ae3159 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ae3159\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lit\u00fargia i ritual<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abac0ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"abac0ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'ordre establert del culte d'una comunitat religiosa.\" tabindex=\"0\">lit\u00fargia<\/span> de Ksitigarbha inclou la recitaci\u00f3 del Dizang-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En l'hinduisme i el budisme, un text doctrinal de forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span>, sobretot durant el per\u00edode posterior a una defunci\u00f3. La fase d&#8217;estat intermedi de quaranta-set dies (en xin\u00e8s zhongyin), de la qual l&#8217;\u00e0nima disposa segons la doctrina budista fins a la seva reencarnaci\u00f3, es considera el per\u00edode en qu\u00e8 Dizang actua de manera m\u00e9s directa.<\/p><p>Els familiars reciten el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En l'hinduisme i el budisme, un text doctrinal de forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span>, ofereixen encens i transfereixen els m\u00e8rits aix\u00ed generats (punya) al difunt. Els dotze dies commemoratius de l&#8217;any en qu\u00e8 Dizang \u00e9s especialment venerat estan fixats en el calendari lunar xin\u00e8s; la seva festa principal cau el dia 30 del set\u00e8 mes lunar.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38727b6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"38727b6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3434ad5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3434ad5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classificaci\u00f3 dins la hist\u00f2ria de les religions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65ca3ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65ca3ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Robert Buswell, a \u00abThe Formation of Ch&#8217;an Ideology in China and Korea\u00bb (Princeton, 1989), ha mostrat com el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"El conjunt d'actes de veneraci\u00f3 religiosa dedicats a una divinitat o figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culte<\/span> a Ksitigarbha va esdevenir un element de mediaci\u00f3 entre la doctrina budista i la veneraci\u00f3 xinesa dels avantpassats. El budisme nom\u00e9s va poder establir-se de manera duradora a la Xina perqu\u00e8 va oferir respostes a la q\u00fcesti\u00f3 de la destinaci\u00f3 dels morts.<\/p><p>Dizang uneix la doctrina budista del karma i la reencarnaci\u00f3 amb la necessitat xinesa de protecci\u00f3 i intercessi\u00f3 per als avantpassats. Aquesta funci\u00f3 mediadora \u00e9s una de les raons principals de la seva extraordin\u00e0ria popularitat.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c335c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7c335c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd98313 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dd98313\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fonts i bibliografia complement\u00e0ria<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae558d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ae558d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Fonts prim\u00e0ries: Ksitigarbha-Bodhisattva-Purvapranidhana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En l'hinduisme i el budisme, un text doctrinal de forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> (Dizang-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En l'hinduisme i el budisme, un text doctrinal de forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span>); Dasakra-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En l'hinduisme i el budisme, un text doctrinal de forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> de Ksitigarbha; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En l'hinduisme i el budisme, un text doctrinal de forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> dels deu reis (Shiwang jing).<\/p>\n<p>Bibliografia secund\u00e0ria: Stephen Teiser, \u00abThe Scripture of the Ten Kings\u00bb, Honolulu 1994; William LaFleur, \u00abLiquid Life.<\/p><p>Abortion and Buddhism in Japan\u00bb, Princeton 1992; Robert Buswell, \u00abThe Formation of Ch&#8217;an Ideology in China and Korea\u00bb, Princeton 1989; Hans Steininger, \u00abBuddhistische Pilgerst\u00e4tten Chinas\u00bb, Wiesbaden 1976; Robert Buswell i Donald Lopez, \u00abPrinceton Dictionary of Buddhism\u00bb, Princeton 2014; Klaus-Josef Notz, \u00abBuddhismus\u00bb, Stuttgart 2002.<\/p><\/div><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd3d36b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bd3d36b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13f3cf2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13f3cf2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jiuhua Shan com a centre de pelegrinatge<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb5fa1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcb5fa1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>El Jiuhua Shan, a la prov\u00edncia d&#8217;Anhui, est\u00e0 format per nou cims propers entre si, la forma dels quals s&#8217;ha dit que recorda un lotus.<\/p><p>Actualment hi ha repartits per la muntanya m\u00e9s de setanta monestirs i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un edifici destinat a la veneraci\u00f3 d'una o diverses divinitats.\" tabindex=\"0\">temples<\/span> actius, els m\u00e9s antics dels quals daten del segle VIII. El monestir principal, Huacheng Si, es va fundar l&#8217;any 401 com a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un lloc sagrat dedicat a la veneraci\u00f3 d'una divinitat.\" tabindex=\"0\">santuari<\/span> purament <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradici\u00f3 religiosa i filos\u00f2fica xinesa orientada al Dao, el Cam\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoista<\/span> i es va transformar en monestir budista cap al 781.<\/p><p>La temporada anual de pelegrinatge arriba al seu punt culminant durant el set\u00e8 mes lunar (que correspon a la festa dels esperits), quan m\u00e9s d&#8217;un mili\u00f3 de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una persona que empr\u00e8n un viatge motivat religiosament a un lloc sagrat.\" tabindex=\"0\">pelegrins<\/span> visiten la muntanya. Una particularitat destacable \u00e9s el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una acci\u00f3 transmesa i repetida regularment dins d'una comunitat.\" tabindex=\"0\">costum<\/span> d&#8217;oferir encens per a diferents difunts als diversos temples que es troben durant l&#8217;ascensi\u00f3.<\/p><p>Un itinerari complet de pelegrinatge inclou estacions per als pares, els avis, altres parents i per als \u00abesperits famolencs\u00bb sense fam\u00edlia, als quals ning\u00fa m\u00e9s ofereix les menges rituals.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de3b676 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"de3b676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85b530d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"85b530d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cossos momificats com a rel\u00edquies<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8258b86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8258b86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Una particularitat notable del culte al Jiuhua s\u00f3n els cossos momificats de monjos eminents, venerats com a \u00abbudes de carn\u00bb (rou shen pusa). El cos del pr\u00edncep core\u00e0 Kim Gyo-gak, que segons la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un relat edificant, sovint sobre la vida de sants.\" tabindex=\"0\">llegenda<\/span> va viure a la muntanya, es considera el primer d&#8217;aquests cossos rel\u00edquia.<\/p><p>Fins al segle XX es van identificar diverses desenes d&#8217;aquests monjos momificats a les muntanyes de Jiuhua; alguns datats de l&#8217;\u00e8poca Tang, altres de les \u00e8poques Ming i Qing, i fins i tot uns pocs de finals del segle XIX i principis del XX.<\/p><p>Aquesta pr\u00e0ctica \u00e9s etnogr\u00e0ficament extraordin\u00e0ria des del punt de vista religi\u00f3s: uneix la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La doctrina cient\u00edfica sobre D\u00e9u i la fe d'una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> budista de la reencarnaci\u00f3 amb concepcions xineses del cos immortal, que provenen m\u00e9s b\u00e9 del <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradici\u00f3 religiosa i filos\u00f2fica xinesa orientada al Dao, el Cam\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoisme<\/span>. Bernard Faure ha examinat aquesta pr\u00e0ctica en diversos estudis sobre la hist\u00f2ria del budisme xin\u00e8s i ha analitzat els seus sincretismes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22bf0c9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"22bf0c9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-436cae8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"436cae8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">La pr\u00e0ctica de Jizo al Jap\u00f3 modern<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29b3aef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"29b3aef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Al Jap\u00f3, Jizo ha rebut un arrelament especialment ampli en la cultura quotidiana. Les petites est\u00e0tues de pedra que es troben a vores de camins, cementiris i recintes de temples reben regularment de les persones ve\u00efnes davantalets vermells, gorres o joguines.<\/p><p>Aquest guarniment \u00e9s un signe de la cura que en t\u00e9 la comunitat. A la T\u00f2quio urbana hi ha recintes de temples on s&#8217;aixequen diverses centenars d&#8217;est\u00e0tues de Mizuko-Jizo.<\/p><p>Aquestes s\u00f3n cuidades per pares afligits per infants no nascuts o morts prematurament, sovint durant molts anys. William LaFleur i Helen Hardacre han estudiat de manera independent els aspectes econ\u00f2mics i socials d&#8217;aquesta pr\u00e0ctica.<\/p><p>Hi veuen tant un treball de dol important com una economia de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un edifici destinat a la veneraci\u00f3 d'una o diverses divinitats.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> en part comercialitzada, en la qual els <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un edifici destinat a la veneraci\u00f3 d'una o diverses divinitats.\" tabindex=\"0\">temples<\/span> obtenen ingressos considerables amb la venda d&#8217;est\u00e0tues i els rituals commemoratius anuals.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fe866f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3fe866f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3356a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c3356a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ksitigarbha i el Festival dels Fantasmes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90b7018 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"90b7018\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>El Festival dels Fantasmes, celebrat el 15\u00e8 dia del set\u00e8 mes lunar (a Taiwan i a la Xina continental avui es celebra sovint a l&#8217;agost), \u00e9s una de les festivitats xineses m\u00e9s importants i est\u00e0 estretament relacionat amb el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"El conjunt d'actes de veneraci\u00f3 religiosa dedicats a una divinitat o figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culte<\/span> a Ksitigarbha.<\/p><p>Durant tot el set\u00e8 mes lunar, es considera que les portes entre els mons estan obertes i que els morts i els esperits famolencs poden entrar en el m\u00f3n dels vius.<\/p><p>Les fam\u00edlies preparen taules d&#8217;ofrenes amb menjar, encens i diners de paper destinats als avantpassats i als esperits sense llar. Els <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un edifici destinat a la veneraci\u00f3 d'una o diverses divinitats.\" tabindex=\"0\">temples<\/span> celebren en aquest per\u00edode liturgies especials en qu\u00e8 es recita el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En l'hinduisme i el budisme, un text doctrinal en forma breu.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> de Dizang per alliberar els \u00e9ssers dels inferns.<\/p><p>El vincle entre el Festival dels Fantasmes i el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"El conjunt d'actes de veneraci\u00f3 religiosa dedicats a una divinitat o figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culte<\/span> a Dizang est\u00e0 documentat des de l&#8217;\u00e8poca Tang, en la qual la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'ordre establert del culte religi\u00f3s d'una comunitat de fe.\" tabindex=\"0\">lit\u00fargia<\/span> \u00abYulanpen Hui\u00bb (Assemblea d&#8217;Ullambana) culmina els ritus, la base textual dels quals \u00e9s el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En l'hinduisme i el budisme, un text doctrinal en forma breu.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> d&#8217;Ullambana.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f51568 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8f51568\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7325a99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7325a99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">El sutra Dasheng Daji Dizang Shilun<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2b77a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d2b77a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A m\u00e9s del conegut <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En l'hinduisme i el budisme, un text doctrinal en forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> sobre els <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una promesa religiosa solemne davant una divinitat.\" tabindex=\"0\">vots<\/span> originals del Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha (Dizang pusa benyuan jing), el \u00ab<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En l'hinduisme i el budisme, un text doctrinal en forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span> de les Deu Rodes del Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha\u00bb (Dasheng Daji Dizang Shilun jing, Taisho 411) \u00e9s una obra doctrinal central.<\/p><p>Va ser tradu\u00eft per Xuanzang l&#8217;any 651 de la nostra era. Cont\u00e9 la fonamentaci\u00f3 teol\u00f2gica de la posici\u00f3 de Dizang en el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"El conjunt de d\u00e9us d'una religi\u00f3 o cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00f3<\/span> Mahayana i emfatitza la seva funci\u00f3 com a \u00abpurificador de les deu accions\u00bb.<\/p><p>La investigaci\u00f3 de Zhiru Ng (\u00abThe Making of a Savior Bodhisattva\u00bb, Honolulu 2007) mostra que aquest <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En l'hinduisme i el budisme, un text doctrinal en forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> reflecteix l&#8217;estrat indi m\u00e9s antic de la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La doctrina cient\u00edfica sobre D\u00e9u i la fe d'una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> de Ksitigarbha, mentre que el Benyuan-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En l'hinduisme i el budisme, un text doctrinal en forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> representa un desenvolupament posterior xin\u00e8s, probablement compost durant la dinastia Sui o a principis de la dinastia Tang, i no es remunta clarament a cap original indi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2531f9b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2531f9b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a4e916 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8a4e916\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Els Sis Camins del renaixement i la responsabilitat de Ksitigarbha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7355a58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7355a58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En la tradici\u00f3 est-asi\u00e0tica, Ksitigarbha \u00e9s el bodhisattva que, entre el Buda Shakyamuni i la futura aparici\u00f3 de Maitreya, assumeix la responsabilitat de tots els sis camins del renaixement (d\u00e9us, semid\u00e9us, humans, animals, esperits famolencs, \u00e9ssers infernals). Aquesta responsabilitat li \u00e9s transmesa pel Buda Shakyamuni en l&#8217;escena de Pariwarta del <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En l'hinduisme i el budisme, un text doctrinal en forma breu.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> Benyuan.<\/p><p>La conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia lit\u00fargica \u00e9s que Ksitigarbha \u00e9s invocat com a mitjancer entre els diferents \u00e0mbits de l&#8217;exist\u00e8ncia. Per aix\u00f2, a les sales dels temples se&#8217;l representa sovint agrupat amb els \u00abDeu Reis de l&#8217;Infram\u00f3n\u00bb (Shi Wang), una constel\u00b7laci\u00f3 que es va estandarditzar a la Xina al segle IX i que ha perdurat, a trav\u00e9s del Jap\u00f3 i Corea, fins a la pr\u00e0ctica funer\u00e0ria actual.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db7b191 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db7b191\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ead0df8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ead0df8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les est\u00e0tues Roku-Jizo al Jap\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4247ee8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4247ee8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Als cementiris i cru\u00eflles de carrers japonesos hi ha grups de sis est\u00e0tues de Jizo (Roku-Jizo), cadascuna associada a un dels sis camins del renaixement. Aquesta pr\u00e0ctica es remunta a l&#8217;\u00e8poca Heian (segles IX al XII) i va ser popularitzada per l&#8217;escola Tendai.<\/p><p>Hank Glassman (\u00abThe Face of Jizo\u00bb, Honolulu 2012) ha estudiat el desenvolupament de les est\u00e0tues Roku-Jizo com a fenomen sociorreligi\u00f3s i ha demostrat que aquesta pr\u00e0ctica, en aparen\u00e7a uniforme, presenta variacions regionals considerables.<\/p><p>Les est\u00e0tues porten atributs diferents: el bast\u00f3 khakkhara (per despertar els \u00e9ssers infernals), la joia dels desitjos (Cintamani), un rotlle de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En l'hinduisme i el budisme, un text doctrinal en forma breu.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span>, un capoll de lotus. A Kyoto, les estacions de Roku-Jizo als afores de la ciutat continuen sent avui destinaci\u00f3 de rituals de pelegrinatge que emmarquen la festa anual Roku-Jizo-Meguri.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fb8a91 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3fb8a91\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb04ed6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eb04ed6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">El Mizuko-Kuyo i la ind\u00fastria dels rituals de dol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0a53cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e0a53cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La pr\u00e0ctica del Mizuko-Kuyo (rites commemoratius per fetus i nadons morts prematurament) s&#8217;ha convertit al Jap\u00f3, sobretot despr\u00e9s de 1948, en el context de la legalitzaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;avortament, en una part fixa de la lit\u00fargia dels temples. Jizo \u00e9s considerat el patr\u00f3 protector dels difunts encara no alliberats, especialment dels infants que encara no han pogut assolir la seva pr\u00f2pia maduresa c\u00e0rmica.<\/p><p>William LaFleur (\u00abLiquid Life\u00bb, Princeton 1992) ha presentat el discurs \u00e8tico-religi\u00f3s sobre el Mizuko-Kuyo com la contribuci\u00f3 m\u00e9s significativa de la pr\u00e0ctica religiosa japonesa moderna a la bio\u00e8tica.<\/p><p>La dimensi\u00f3 comercial \u00e9s considerable: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un edifici que serveix a la veneraci\u00f3 d'una o diverses divinitats.\" tabindex=\"0\">temples<\/span> com el Hase-dera a Kamakura acullen milers de petites est\u00e0tues de Jizo, donades pels pares. La cr\u00edtica a la comercialitzaci\u00f3 es fa dins dels mateixos organismes budistes, sense que aix\u00f2 hagi redu\u00eft significativament la pr\u00e0ctica.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b92766 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5b92766\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2068be5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2068be5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ksitigarbha en el Vajrayana<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8ac0c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f8ac0c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En el budisme tibet\u00e0, Ksitigarbha (Sai Nyingpo) apareix de manera menys prominent que a l&#8217;\u00c0sia oriental. Pertany al grup dels vuit grans bodhisattvas (rgyal sras chen po brgyad), per\u00f2 nom\u00e9s rarament \u00e9s venerat com a objecte central de pr\u00e0ctica. La tradici\u00f3 tibetana no coneix una veneraci\u00f3 pr\u00f2pia comparable a la de Tara.<\/p><p>En les constel\u00b7lacions de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Diagrama circular que en l'hinduisme i el budisme representa el cosmos.\" tabindex=\"0\">mandala<\/span>, com el Garbhadhatu i el Vajradhatu-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Diagrama circular que en l'hinduisme i el budisme representa el cosmos.\" tabindex=\"0\">mandala<\/span>, Ksitigarbha t\u00e9 un lloc fix en el sector occidental. Yael Bentor (\u00abConsecration of Images and Stupas in Indo-Tibetan Tantric Buddhism\u00bb, Leiden 1996) ha analitzat sistem\u00e0ticament la posici\u00f3 de Ksitigarbha en el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Diagrama circular que en l'hinduisme i el budisme representa el cosmos.\" tabindex=\"0\">mandala<\/span> dins la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'ordre establert del culte religi\u00f3s d'una comunitat de fe.\" tabindex=\"0\">lit\u00fargia<\/span> tibetana posterior.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96aa37a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"96aa37a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-254f540 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"254f540\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L'escola de Jiuhua i la seva tradici\u00f3 lit\u00fargica<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d99b4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4d99b4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La muntanya Jiuhua, a la prov\u00edncia d&#8217;Anhui, \u00e9s des de finals de la dinastia Tang el principal centre xin\u00e8s del culte a Ksitigarbha. La tradici\u00f3 lit\u00fargica hi ha desenvolupat una forma de cant pr\u00f2pia, anomenada \u00abJiuhua-Yinyue\u00bb, que combina lloances budistes amb melodies populars locals. La UNESCO va recon\u00e8ixer aquesta tradici\u00f3 el 2008 com a patrimoni cultural immaterial de la Xina.<\/p><p>Els monestirs de la muntanya conserven una col\u00b7lecci\u00f3 pr\u00f2pia d&#8217;enregistraments de les lit\u00fargies, reconstru\u00efda sistem\u00e0ticament des dels anys 1980. La ciutat mon\u00e0stica compta avui amb m\u00e9s de vuitanta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un edifici que serveix a la veneraci\u00f3 d'una o diverses divinitats.\" tabindex=\"0\">temples<\/span> i ermitatges. El principal per\u00edode de pelegrinatge \u00e9s el dia 30 del set\u00e8 mes lunar, aniversari de Ksitigarbha, quan la regi\u00f3 d&#8217;Anhui rep centenars de milers de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una persona que empr\u00e8n un viatge motivat religiosament cap a un lloc sagrat.\" tabindex=\"0\">pelegrins<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f161d5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8f161d5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f87a44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9f87a44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Preguntes freq\u00fcents<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba2ceb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ba2ceb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>En qu\u00e8 es diferencia Ksitigarbha d&#8217;Avalokiteshvara?<\/strong> Tots dos s\u00f3n bodhisattvas de la compassi\u00f3, per\u00f2 tenen \u00e8mfasis diferents. Avalokiteshvara ajuda els \u00e9ssers vius d&#8217;aquest m\u00f3n, mentre que Ksitigarbha ajuda els \u00e9ssers dels inferns i dels regnes dels esperits. Avalokiteshvara se sol representar amb ornaments reials, mentre que Ksitigarbha apareix com un monjo amb el cap rasurat.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Per qu\u00e8 al Jap\u00f3 es relaciona Ksitigarbha amb els infants?<\/strong> El vincle amb els infants, especialment amb els infants no nascuts morts (mizuko), \u00e9s un desenvolupament japon\u00e8s documentat des del segle XII i que es va estendre notablement al segle XX. No t\u00e9 cap fonament can\u00f2nic en els sutres m\u00e9s antics, sin\u00f3 que \u00e9s una elaboraci\u00f3 culturalment espec\u00edfica de la funci\u00f3 protectora budista.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Quin \u00e9s el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un lloc sagrat dedicat a la veneraci\u00f3 d'una divinitat.\" tabindex=\"0\">santuari<\/span> m\u00e9s important de Ksitigarbha?<\/strong> El Jiuhua Shan, a la prov\u00edncia xinesa d&#8217;Anhui, \u00e9s el santuari principal. \u00c9s una de les quatre muntanyes sagrades del budisme xin\u00e8s.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Quin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una s\u00edl\u00b7laba o f\u00f3rmula sagrada que es repeteix en l'hinduisme i el budisme.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantra<\/span> s&#8217;associa a Ksitigarbha?<\/strong> El <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una s\u00edl\u00b7laba o f\u00f3rmula sagrada que es repeteix en l'hinduisme i el budisme.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantra<\/span> est\u00e0ndard \u00e9s \u00abom ha ha ha vismaye svaha\u00bb, que es recita sobretot en la pr\u00e0ctica de retir i en els rituals pels difunts.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3274,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Ksitigarbha","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Ksitigarbha \u2013 Bodhisattva dels inferns | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Ksitigarbha (jap. Jizo) \u00e9s el bodhisattva que no abandona l'infern fins que tots els \u00e9ssers siguin alliberats. Protector dels nens difunts. Mite.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-171849","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ksitigarbha \u2013 Bodhisattva dels inferns | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ksitigarbha (jap. Jizo) \u00e9s el bodhisattva que no abandona l&#039;infern fins que tots els \u00e9ssers siguin alliberats. Protector dels nens difunts. Mite.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/ksitigarbha\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ksitigarbha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ksitigarbha (jap. Jizo) \u00e9s el bodhisattva que no abandona l&#039;infern fins que tots els \u00e9ssers siguin alliberats. Protector dels nens difunts. Mite.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/ksitigarbha\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-05T16:08:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/ksitigarbha\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/ksitigarbha\\\/\",\"name\":\"Ksitigarbha \u2013 Bodhisattva dels inferns | iWell Guard\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/ksitigarbha\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/ksitigarbha\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-05T15:42:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-05T16:08:49+00:00\",\"description\":\"Ksitigarbha (jap. Jizo) \u00e9s el bodhisattva que no abandona l'infern fins que tots els \u00e9ssers siguin alliberats. Protector dels nens difunts. Mite.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/ksitigarbha\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/ksitigarbha\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/ksitigarbha\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"D\u00e9us de la tradici\u00f3 budista.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/ksitigarbha\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/?page_id=171333\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Ksitigarbha\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ca\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Ksitigarbha \u2013 Bodhisattva dels inferns | iWell Guard","description":"Ksitigarbha (jap. Jizo) \u00e9s el bodhisattva que no abandona l'infern fins que tots els \u00e9ssers siguin alliberats. Protector dels nens difunts. Mite.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/ksitigarbha\/","og_locale":"ca_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"Ksitigarbha","og_description":"Ksitigarbha (jap. Jizo) \u00e9s el bodhisattva que no abandona l'infern fins que tots els \u00e9ssers siguin alliberats. Protector dels nens difunts. Mite.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/ksitigarbha\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-09-05T16:08:49+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/ksitigarbha\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/ksitigarbha\/","name":"Ksitigarbha \u2013 Bodhisattva dels inferns | iWell Guard","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/ksitigarbha\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/ksitigarbha\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha.webp","datePublished":"2026-09-05T15:42:58+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-05T16:08:49+00:00","description":"Ksitigarbha (jap. Jizo) \u00e9s el bodhisattva que no abandona l'infern fins que tots els \u00e9ssers siguin alliberats. Protector dels nens difunts. Mite.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/ksitigarbha\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ca","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/ksitigarbha\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/ksitigarbha\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"D\u00e9us de la tradici\u00f3 budista."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/ksitigarbha\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171333"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Ksitigarbha"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ca"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/171849","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=171849"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/171849\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3274"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=171849"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=171849"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}