{"id":171804,"date":"2026-09-05T15:42:33","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T15:42:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=171804"},"modified":"2026-09-05T16:07:39","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T16:07:39","slug":"sobek","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/sobek\/","title":{"rendered":"Sobek"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"171804\" class=\"elementor elementor-171804 elementor-2993 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8d2c94 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b8d2c94\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca8da53 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ca8da53\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9fe54c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a9fe54c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-115d081 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"115d081\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sobek, d\u00e9u cocodril egipci<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91618cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"91618cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sobek \u00e9s un d\u00e9u cocodril egipci, el poder del qual est\u00e0 estretament lligat a les aig\u00fces f\u00e8rtils del Nil. Sobek \u00e9s, dins del <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"El conjunt de d\u00e9us d'una religi\u00f3 o cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panthe\u00f3<\/span> de l&#8217;Antic Egipte, el d\u00e9u cocodril. Encarna la for\u00e7a vital incontrolable del Nil, la fertilitat de les ribes del riu i l&#8217;agressivitat ferotge del depredador.<\/p><p>A difer\u00e8ncia de la majoria de d\u00e9us egipcis, que en el per\u00edode tard\u00e0 van quedar redu\u00efts a uns pocs atributs principals, Sobek conserva al llarg de tota la hist\u00f2ria fara\u00f2nica un perfil marcadament f\u00edsic: continua sent el cocodril, ara com a animal pur, ara com a figura antropomorfa amb cap de cocodril.<\/p><p>Als Textos de les Pir\u00e0mides apareix ja en l&#8217;Imperi Antic (f\u00f3rmula 317, 510); en el per\u00edode tard\u00e0 rep <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una edificaci\u00f3 dedicada al culte d'una o diverses divinitats.\" tabindex=\"0\">temples<\/span> a Crocodil\u00f2polis (Xedet, m\u00e9s tard Ars\u00ednoe), a Ombos (Kom Ombo) i en nombroses ciutats de l&#8217;Egipte mitj\u00e0.<\/p><p>El seu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"El conjunt de pr\u00e0ctiques de veneraci\u00f3 religiosa envers una divinitat o figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culte<\/span> est\u00e0 estretament lligat a la idea del poder reial: faraons de la tretzena dinastia prenen el seu nom en refer\u00e8ncia a ell, la s\u00e8rie m\u00e9s coneguda \u00e9s la dels Sebekhotep, i s&#8217;hi associen concepcions cosmol\u00f2giques del tur\u00f3 primigeni que emergeix de les aig\u00fces primordials de Nun.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-582eb55 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"582eb55\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a72163e elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"a72163e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00e9u \/ Deessa: Poder personificat suprem dins el pante\u00f3 d'una cultura, amb funcions clares: forces de la natura, dest\u00ed, guerra, fertilitat. Venerat mitjan\u00e7ant cultes, ofrenes i institucions de temple.\">D\u00e9u<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/egipte\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mitologia de l'antiga vall del Nil, aproximadament del 3000 a. C. al 30 a. C.\">Egipte<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3a09f9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e3a09f9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-807ac44 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"807ac44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No s&#039;ha trobat cap encap\\u00e7alament en aquesta p\\u00e0gina.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00cdndex\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__807ac44\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__807ac44\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__807ac44\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8ec57c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f8ec57c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc98d39 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fc98d39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aegypten_sobek-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-173498\" alt=\"Sobek - D\u00e9us de la tradici\u00f3 eg\u00edpcia, il\u00b7lustraci\u00f3 historicista\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aegypten_sobek-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aegypten_sobek-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aegypten_sobek-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aegypten_sobek.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a25753 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4a25753\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f26efb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8f26efb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d8080a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9d8080a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mite i genealogia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c574a86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c574a86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La genealogia de Sobek s&#8217;ha transm\u00e8s de diverses maneres i varia segons la regi\u00f3. En la tradici\u00f3 m\u00e9s important \u00e9s considerat fill de Neit, l&#8217;antiqu\u00edssima deessa de Sais, alhora creadora i guerrera.<\/p><p>Aquesta filiaci\u00f3 es formula expl\u00edcitament al <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una edificaci\u00f3 dedicada al culte d'una o diverses divinitats.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> de Hibis, a l&#8217;oasi de Kharga, i en els textos d&#8217;Esna; all\u00ed Sobek \u00e9s el \u00abfill de Neit\u00bb, nascut el primer dia de la creaci\u00f3, quan Neit va emergir de les aig\u00fces primordials i va donar a llum el seu fill.<\/p><p>Els testimonis m\u00e9s antics ja anomenen Sobek \u00absenyor de Xedet\u00bb i el situen al costat dels d\u00e9us creadors.<\/p>\n<p>En una altra tradici\u00f3, pr\u00f2pia del Faium, Sobek \u00e9s considerat el primer nat de les aig\u00fces primordials, que va emergir de Nun i que, amb la seva sola aparici\u00f3, va fundar la terra i el creixement. Aquesta lectura cosmog\u00f2nica converteix Sobek en un veritable d\u00e9u creador, comparable a Atum a Heli\u00f2polis o a Khnum a Esna.<\/p><p>A Kom Ombo, Sobek \u00e9s venerat juntament amb Horus el Vell com a d\u00e9u doble, cosa que expressa les dues cares de la naturalesa del cocodril, perillosa i protectora alhora. En la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La disciplina que estudia D\u00e9u i les creences d'una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> del per\u00edode tard\u00e0, Sobek apareix tamb\u00e9 com una manifestaci\u00f3 de Re, que empr\u00e8n el viatge solar a trav\u00e9s de les aig\u00fces primordials nocturnes en forma de cocodril.<\/p>\n<p>La consort de Sobek \u00e9s Hathor en alguns textos, i en d&#8217;altres la deessa local Renenutet (la deessa de la collita, de forma serpentina) o Tasenetnofret (la \u00abgermana perfecta\u00bb, una forma d&#8217;Hathor pr\u00f2pia d&#8217;Ombos).<\/p><p>El seu fill \u00e9s Khonsu o un Khonsu-Sobek local, que encarna la jove divinitat lunar. Aquesta variabilitat en les relacions familiars no \u00e9s inusual en la religi\u00f3 eg\u00edpcia i reflecteix la fusi\u00f3 de diverses tradicions cultuals locals.<\/p>\n<p>Sobek ocupa una posici\u00f3 especial en la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La disciplina que estudia D\u00e9u i les creences d'una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> tardana d&#8217;Esna, on forma, juntament amb Khnum, Neit i Heka, una t\u00e8trada de d\u00e9us primigenis.<\/p><p>Els llargs himnes, gravats a les parets del <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una edificaci\u00f3 dedicada al culte d'una o diverses divinitats.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> d&#8217;Esna, descriuen Sobek com aquell aspecte del creador que genera la for\u00e7a vital bruta i indomable, mentre que Khnum encarna el treball formador del taller. Aquesta diferenciaci\u00f3 teol\u00f2gica mostra l&#8217;elevat nivell intel\u00b7lectual del sacerdoci del per\u00edode tard\u00e0.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3290abf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3290abf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b99c05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9b99c05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u00edmbols, iconografia i atributs<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f15349a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f15349a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sobek es representat en dues formes principals: com a cocodril complet i com a home amb cap de cocodril. Al cap porta la corona atef o la corona solar amb corona atef, el disc solar amb corns o una combinaci\u00f3 de plomes i corns, que marquen la seva dimensi\u00f3 c\u00f2smica.<\/p><p>El seu signe t\u00edpic \u00e9s el skiff d&#8217;aigua, sobre el qual descansa el cocodril, evocant l&#8217;ascens des de les aig\u00fces primordials sobre el tur\u00f3 primigeni.<\/p>\n<p>Es mantenien cocodrils vius en els seus temples, on eren atesos i, despr\u00e9s de la mort, momificats. Estrab\u00f3 (XVII, 1, 38) descriu detalladament el \u00abcocodril sagrat\u00bb Petesuchos a Crocodil\u00f2polis, al Faium: era alimentat amb pa, carn i vi, portava collarets i bra\u00e7alets d&#8217;or a les potes davanteres, i la seva mort era plorada per tota la ciutat.<\/p><p>Milers de cocodrils momificats s&#8217;han trobat als cementiris de Crocodil\u00f2polis, Tebtynis i Kom Ombo, des de petits embrions fins a exemplars adults de gaireb\u00e9 cinc metres. Les necr\u00f2polis mostren que el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"El conjunt d'actes de veneraci\u00f3 religiosa dedicats a una divinitat o figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culte<\/span> a Sobek va arribar a una \u00e0mplia poblaci\u00f3 fins ben entrada l&#8217;\u00e8poca romana.<\/p>\n<p>Les representacions escult\u00f2riques de Sobek es troben per tota la vall del Nil. Del Regne Mitj\u00e0 procedeix una important est\u00e0tua d&#8217;Amenemhet III amb cap de cocodril de Sobek, conservada al Museu del Caire.<\/p><p>De Kom Ombo s&#8217;han conservat magn\u00edfics relleus que mostren Sobek en forma antropomorfa completa amb cap de cocodril. A les parets del temple, el d\u00e9u apareix regularment en rengle amb les altres divinitats principals eg\u00edpcies i rep dels faraons les ofrenes can\u00f2niques.<\/p>\n<p>Un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un signe que representa una idea o significat.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00edmbol<\/span> especial \u00e9s la bassa plena d&#8217;aigua situada davant l&#8217;altar principal del temple de Sobek. A Kom Ombo encara es poden veure avui les antigues basses del recinte del temple, on es mantenien els cocodrils sagrats.<\/p><p>L&#8217;entorn del temple estava prove\u00eft d&#8217;aigua del Nil mitjan\u00e7ant un sistema propi de canals; la neteja i el reg diaris dels animals sagrats formaven part dels deures sacerdotals i eren tan complexos que hi havia departaments administratius dedicats exclusivament a aquesta tasca.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47fd627 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"47fd627\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a0ffd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4a0ffd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Culte i veneraci\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fbba65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2fbba65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>El <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"El conjunt d'actes de veneraci\u00f3 religiosa dedicats a una divinitat o figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culte<\/span> a Sobek tenia el seu centre al Faium, la gran depressi\u00f3 a l&#8217;oest del Nil, que gr\u00e0cies al flux constant d&#8217;aigua cap al llac Moeris era una regi\u00f3 especialment rica en cocodrils. Crocodil\u00f2polis (Shedet), renombrada Arsinoe en \u00e8poca ptolemaica, va ser el principal centre de culte des del Regne Mitj\u00e0.<\/p><p>Amenemhet III (1853 a 1806 abans de la nostra era) hi va fer construir el seu fam\u00f3s \u00abLaberint\u00bb, un enorme centre administratiu i cultual que Her\u00f2dot (II, 148) descriu com l&#8217;obra m\u00e9s grandiosa d&#8217;Egipte, per davant fins i tot de les pir\u00e0mides.<\/p>\n<p>En el ritu diari del temple s&#8217;oferien menjar i aigua al cocodril de Sobek; els sacerdots hi entraven en un ordre ritual prec\u00eds, realitzaven la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un acte solemne que segueix regles fixes.\" tabindex=\"0\">cerim\u00f2nia<\/span> d&#8217;obertura de la boca, que animava la imatge divina, i recitaven els himnes que es conserven de manera monumental al <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un edifici destinat a la veneraci\u00f3 d'una o m\u00e9s divinitats.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> d&#8217;Esna.<\/p><p>Al llarg de l&#8217;any se celebraven festes que commemoraven l&#8217;aparici\u00f3 m\u00edtica de Sobek des de les aig\u00fces primordials, aix\u00ed com una <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un acte solemne que segueix regles fixes.\" tabindex=\"0\">cerim\u00f2nia<\/span> amb una figura de cera, en la qual es cremava un cocodril de cera per repel\u00b7lir Apopis, l&#8217;adversari c\u00f2smic.<\/p>\n<p>Una variant notable del culte es troba a Kom Ombo, el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un lloc sagrat dedicat a la veneraci\u00f3 d'una divinitat.\" tabindex=\"0\">santuari<\/span> de Sobek a l&#8217;Alt Egipte. Aqu\u00ed es va construir un temple doble, en el qual la meitat esquerra estava <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lliurat a trav\u00e9s d'un acte religi\u00f3s a l'esfera del sagrat i, per tant, separat de l'\u00e0mbit quotidi\u00e0.\" tabindex=\"0\">consagrada<\/span> a Sobek i la meitat dreta a Horus el Vell (Haroeris).<\/p><p>Els dos d\u00e9us compartien el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un edifici destinat a la veneraci\u00f3 d'una o m\u00e9s divinitats.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> amb entrades, patis, sales de columnes i santuaris separats; el programa de relleus preservava l&#8217;autonomia de cada culte. Aquesta soluci\u00f3 arquitect\u00f2nica \u00e9s \u00fanica en l&#8217;arquitectura de temples eg\u00edpcia.<\/p>\n<p>Tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s notable la tensi\u00f3 amb altres tradicions locals: a Dendara i Edfu, principals centres de culte d&#8217;Hathor i d&#8217;Horus, el cocodril era considerat enemic de l&#8217;ordre div\u00ed i manifestaci\u00f3 del mal\u00e8fic Set, i era <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Que forma part d'un procediment religi\u00f3s establert.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritualment<\/span> destru\u00eft i demonitzat en f\u00f3rmules de maledicci\u00f3.<\/p><p>Aquesta doble valoraci\u00f3 del cocodril, d&#8217;una banda com a d\u00e9u creador Sobek, de l&#8217;altra com a \u00e9sser hostil, ha rebut una atenci\u00f3 sistem\u00e0tica en estudis recents (Frankfort 1948, Hornung 1971) i es considera un model de la religi\u00f3 eg\u00edpcia, en la qual un mateix animal pot portar significats oposats en diferents cultes locals.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-485f710 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"485f710\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79f8e76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"79f8e76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Santuaris i temples importants<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ee2b23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8ee2b23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>El temple principal de Crocodil\u00f2polis-Arsinoe al Faium avui est\u00e0 en gran part destru\u00eft, per\u00f2 les restes permeten fer-se una idea de les seves dimensions: un gran conjunt de temple d&#8217;uns dos-cents metres de longitud, amb sales de sis o m\u00e9s columnes, un llac sagrat per als cocodrils i una necr\u00f2polis per als animals momificats.<\/p><p>Les excavacions italianes i franceses des del segle XIX han recuperat milers de papirs i ostraka que documenten la vida quotidiana del temple.<\/p>\n<p>El temple doble de Kom Ombo, uns quaranta-cinc quil\u00f2metres al nord d&#8217;Assuan, \u00e9s el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un lloc sagrat dedicat a la veneraci\u00f3 d'una divinitat.\" tabindex=\"0\">santuari<\/span> de Sobek m\u00e9s impressionant que s&#8217;ha conservat. Constru\u00eft sota els Ptolemeus (sobretot Ptolemeu VI Filometor, del 180 al 145 abans de la nostra era) i acabat sota els primers emperadors romans, el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un edifici dedicat a la veneraci\u00f3 d'una o m\u00e9s divinitats.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> mostra la s\u00edntesi hel\u00b7len\u00edstic-eg\u00edpcia del seu temps.<\/p><p>A les parets hi ha relleus m\u00e8dics que mostren instruments quir\u00fargics i escenes de cadires de part, tal vegada indici d&#8217;una funci\u00f3 terap\u00e8utica del culte a Sobek. El museu del cocodril proper conserva avui m\u00e9s de quaranta de les m\u00f2mies trobades a l&#8217;entorn del temple.<\/p>\n<p>A l&#8217;Egipte mitj\u00e0 es trobava el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un edifici dedicat a la veneraci\u00f3 d'una o m\u00e9s divinitats.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> de Sumenu (actualment Mahamid Qibly, a prop d&#8217;Armant), on Amenofis III venerava especialment Sobek. Els santuaris de Gebelein, Esna i Tod, constru\u00efts durant l&#8217;Imperi Mitj\u00e0 i el Nou Imperi, tamb\u00e9 tenien capelles dedicades a Sobek.<\/p><p>A Esna, Sobek-Re \u00e9s una de les divinitats principals del <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un edifici dedicat a la veneraci\u00f3 d'una o m\u00e9s divinitats.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> conservat de l&#8217;\u00e8poca imperial romana; les parets mostren himnes extraordin\u00e0riament elaborats que formulen teol\u00f2gicament la funci\u00f3 cosmog\u00f2nica de Sobek.<\/p>\n<p>Al desert occidental, a l&#8217;oasi de Kharga, es troba el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un edifici dedicat a la veneraci\u00f3 d'una o m\u00e9s divinitats.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> de Hibis, que compta amb una capella de Sobek on es conserva la representaci\u00f3 teol\u00f2gica m\u00e9s important de Sobek com a fill de Neit.<\/p><p>A Tebtynis, al sud del Faium, la missi\u00f3 italiana ha desenterrat des de 1929 tant el complex del temple com milers de papirs, entre els quals hi ha extensos himnes a Sobek i actes administratius sacerdotals. Aquestes troballes constitueixen la font m\u00e9s important per entendre la vida pr\u00e0ctica del temple i l&#8217;administraci\u00f3 del culte a Sobek durant l&#8217;\u00e8poca grecoromana.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f0ef82 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2f0ef82\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66a3052 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"66a3052\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Relats m\u00edtics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8952ec7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8952ec7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>El relat m\u00edtic m\u00e9s important sobre Sobek \u00e9s el seu paper en el rescat del jove Horus. Al <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un relat transm\u00e8s sobre d\u00e9us, or\u00edgens i l'ordre del m\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">mite<\/span> de la mort d&#8217;Osiris, Isis va trobar els membres del seu marit assassinat escampats pel Nil; alguns d&#8217;aquests, especialment el membre (fal\u00b7lus), els van devorar els cocodrils.<\/p><p>Sobek, valorat positivament en aquest episodi, va buscar els membres i va ajudar Isis a recompondre&#8217;ls.<\/p><p>Una variant del <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un relat transm\u00e8s sobre d\u00e9us, or\u00edgens i l'ordre del m\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">mite<\/span>, recollida als Textos de les Pir\u00e0mides (f\u00f3rmula 317), fa que Sobek tregui Horus del pant\u00e0 de Chemmis, on Isis l&#8217;havia amagat; Sobek protegeix el jove d\u00e9u de les ins\u00eddies de Seth portant-lo a la riba sobre l&#8217;esquena.<\/p>\n<p>En un relat cosmog\u00f2nic, Sobek apareix com el primer a emergir de les aig\u00fces primordials. Flota sobre el Nun, l&#8217;oce\u00e0 primordial il\u00b7limitat, i amb la seva respiraci\u00f3 sorgeix el primer tur\u00f3 primigeni, el \u00abTatenen\u00bb.<\/p><p>D&#8217;aquest tur\u00f3 primigeni broten tots els altres d\u00e9us i \u00e9ssers. Aquesta lectura es tracta \u00e0mpliament als himnes d&#8217;Esna i situa Sobek en un rang creador comparable al d&#8217;Atum o Amon-Re.<\/p>\n<p>Un tercer <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un relat transm\u00e8s sobre d\u00e9us, or\u00edgens i l'ordre del m\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">mite<\/span>, esmentat als textos del temple d&#8217;Edfu, m\u00e9s tardans, descriu Sobek com a enemic d&#8217;Horus d&#8217;Edfu, \u00e9s a dir, com una manifestaci\u00f3 del mal\u00e8vol Seth en forma de cocodril.<\/p><p>Aquesta lectura es desenvolupa al <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un relat transm\u00e8s sobre d\u00e9us, or\u00edgens i l'ordre del m\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">mite<\/span> d&#8217;Edfu de la \u00abVict\u00f2ria d&#8217;Horus sobre els enemics\u00bb (Edfu VI, 60 i seg.); el cocodril hi \u00e9s un dels \u00e9ssers enemics que Horus travessa amb l&#8217;arp\u00f3.<\/p><p>El fet que aquest mateix Sobek sigui venerat en el seu propi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un lloc sagrat dedicat a la veneraci\u00f3 d'una divinitat.\" tabindex=\"0\">santuari<\/span> i male\u00eft en un altre <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un lloc sagrat dedicat a la veneraci\u00f3 d'una divinitat.\" tabindex=\"0\">santuari<\/span> \u00e9s expressi\u00f3 de la l\u00f2gica local de la religi\u00f3 eg\u00edpcia i no pas una contradicci\u00f3 en el sentit modern.<\/p>\n<p>Als papirs m\u00e8dics de l&#8217;Imperi Mitj\u00e0, com el Papir Ebers i el Papir de Berl\u00edn, s&#8217;esmenta la saliva o el greix de Sobek com a remei per a certes malalties oculars i cut\u00e0nies.<\/p><p>La justificaci\u00f3 teol\u00f2gica \u00e9s que Sobek va curar l&#8217;ull d&#8217;Horus, per la qual cosa les seves subst\u00e0ncies tindrien poder curatiu. Aquesta funci\u00f3 m\u00e8dica tamb\u00e9 indica que els relleus de Kom Ombo amb els instruments m\u00e8dics s&#8217;han de llegir en un context <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Relatiu a una seq\u00fc\u00e8ncia d'accions religioses establerta.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span>-terap\u00e8utic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-794939a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"794939a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85ca2a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"85ca2a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Relacions dins el pante\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58b7e99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"58b7e99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sobek forma part de diverses constel\u00b7lacions divines. Amb Neit el vincula la relaci\u00f3 mare-fill; en la tradici\u00f3 sa\u00efta, Sobek \u00e9s designat expl\u00edcitament com el seu primog\u00e8nit.<\/p><p>Amb Re, Sobek es fon en la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La doctrina cient\u00edfica sobre D\u00e9u i sobre la fe d'una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> de l&#8217;\u00e8poca tardana en Sobek-Re, una forma del d\u00e9u solar que incorpora l&#8217;element cocodril del viatge nocturn pel infram\u00f3n. Amb Horus existeix una relaci\u00f3 doble i ambivalent: a Kom Ombo apareixen com a iguals, mentre que a Edfu s\u00f3n enemics.<\/p>\n<p>Amb Hathor existeix un vincle semblant al matrimoni en diversos cultes locals; a Kom Ombo es venera Tasenetnofret (\u00abla germana perfecta\u00bb) com a forma d&#8217;Hathor al costat de Sobek. Amb Khonsu com a fill, Sobek disposa d&#8217;una tr\u00edada familiar pr\u00f2pia (Sobek, Hathor, Khonsu), representada de manera program\u00e0tica a Kom Ombo.<\/p><p>Amb Khnum, el d\u00e9u creador d&#8217;Esna, Sobek compareix el perfil d&#8217;\u00e9sser de les aig\u00fces primig\u00e8nies; els textos d&#8217;Esna els presenten com a aspectes complementaris d&#8217;una mateixa for\u00e7a cosmog\u00f2nica.<\/p>\n<p>Amb Seth existeix una relaci\u00f3 especial: el cocodril \u00e9s un dels animals en qu\u00e8 Seth es transforma per amena\u00e7ar Horus. Tot i aix\u00f2, en els seus aspectes positius Sobek \u00e9s concebut com a adversari de Seth, que inverteix les eines del mal utilitzant la for\u00e7a del cocodril de manera protectora.<\/p><p>Aquesta ambival\u00e8ncia teol\u00f2gica no es percep com una contradicci\u00f3 en la religi\u00f3 eg\u00edpcia, sin\u00f3 com a expressi\u00f3 de la veritable complexitat de l&#8217;actuaci\u00f3 divina: el mateix poder pot ser creador o destructor segons l&#8217;aspecte que es consideri.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e28c992 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e28c992\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13140c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13140c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recepci\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0c0431 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f0c0431\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Durant l&#8217;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c8poca de la cultura grega i romana, aproximadament del 800 aC al 600 dC.\" tabindex=\"0\">antiguitat<\/span> grecoromana, el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"El conjunt de pr\u00e0ctiques de veneraci\u00f3 religiosa envers una divinitat o figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culte<\/span> a Sobek va rebre una atenci\u00f3 especial. Herodot, Estrab\u00f3, Diodor i Eli\u00e0 descriuen amb detall el manteniment de cocodrils als temples egipcis; el relat d&#8217;Estrab\u00f3 sobre el cocodril Petesuchos de Crocodil\u00f2polis \u00e9s la descripci\u00f3 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c8poca de la cultura grega i romana, aproximadament del 800 aC al 600 dC.\" tabindex=\"0\">antiga<\/span> m\u00e9s detallada que existeix d&#8217;un animal viu de temple.<\/p><p>La identificaci\u00f3 amb el grec Souchos o amb Sobek-Selkis va difondre el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"El conjunt de pr\u00e0ctiques de veneraci\u00f3 religiosa envers una divinitat o figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culte<\/span> tamb\u00e9 fora d&#8217;Egipte, per exemple a la Cirenaica, durant l&#8217;\u00e8poca imperial romana a Pompeia (el fam\u00f3s Iseu amb el mosaic del cocodril) i a la It\u00e0lica hisp\u00e0nica.<\/p>\n<p>Amb la fi dels cultes pagans dels temples, als segles cinqu\u00e8 i sis\u00e8 de l&#8217;era cristiana, va desapar\u00e8ixer el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"El conjunt de pr\u00e0ctiques de veneraci\u00f3 religiosa envers una divinitat o figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culte<\/span> viu a Sobek. La tradici\u00f3 copta va conservar el cocodril com a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un signe que representa una idea o un significat.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00edmbol<\/span> del mal, comparable al Leviatan de la tradici\u00f3 jueva.<\/p><p>A l&#8217;edat mitjana, viatgers \u00e0rabs com Y\u0101q\u016bt i Ibn al-Faq\u012bh van informar de temples abandonats amb cocodrils i de cocodrils encara vius, de mides enormes, al llac del Faiyum.<\/p>\n<p>El redescobriment cient\u00edfic del culte a Sobek va comen\u00e7ar amb la descripci\u00f3 de Kom Ombo per Champollion i amb les excavacions de Lepsius al Faiyum.<\/p><p>Al segle vint, Henri Frankfort (\u00abKingship and the Gods\u00bb, 1948) va posar especialment de relleu la profunditat teol\u00f2gica del culte a Sobek; Erik Hornung (\u00abConceptions of God in Ancient Egypt\u00bb, 1971, en alemany 1971) va descriure sistem\u00e0ticament la paradoxal doble valoraci\u00f3 del cocodril en la religi\u00f3 eg\u00edpcia.<\/p><p>La investigaci\u00f3 m\u00e9s recent de Marco Zecchi (\u00abSobek of Shedet\u00bb, 2010) ha exposat de manera monogr\u00e0fica la particularitat teol\u00f2gica del culte al Sobek faiy\u00famic. En la cultura popular, Sobek ha esdevingut conegut per a un p\u00fablic m\u00e9s ampli sobretot a trav\u00e9s de les novel\u00b7les de Christian Jacq i dels videojocs de la s\u00e8rie \u00abSmite\u00bb.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-623fd37 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"623fd37\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fb646c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9fb646c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classificaci\u00f3 dins la ci\u00e8ncia de la religi\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8e2bd5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c8e2bd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sobek pertany a la categoria dels d\u00e9us-animal, que tenen un significat t\u00edpic en la religi\u00f3 eg\u00edpcia. La q\u00fcesti\u00f3 de si aquests d\u00e9us s\u00f3n \u00abteriomorfismes\u00bb (forma animal) o \u00abepifanies divines animals\u00bb ha ocupat la investigaci\u00f3 des de Hermann Junker i Erik Hornung.<\/p><p>Hornung argumenta a \u00abConceptions\u00bb que el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La creen\u00e7a en diversos d\u00e9us.\" tabindex=\"0\">politeisme<\/span> egipci no distingeix estrictament entre un \u00abd\u00e9u dins l&#8217;animal\u00bb i un \u00abanimal com a d\u00e9u\u00bb; l&#8217;animal \u00e9s una manifestaci\u00f3 visible del d\u00e9u, sense que aquest s&#8217;hi esgoti completament. Sobek n&#8217;\u00e9s un bon exemple: \u00e9s m\u00e9s que el cocodril i, tot i aix\u00ed, no es pot concebre sense el cocodril.<\/p>\n<p>En el context de la religi\u00f3 comparada, els cultes al cocodril de l&#8217;\u00c0frica subsahariana (per exemple a Nig\u00e8ria i el Camerun) i de Mesoam\u00e8rica (el d\u00e9u maia cocodril Cipactli) presenten un paral\u00b7lelisme estructural: pertot arreu el cocodril vincula la idea d&#8217;aig\u00fces primig\u00e8nies, creaci\u00f3 i perill de mort. Per\u00f2 l&#8217;egipci Sobek \u00e9s el d\u00e9u cocodril millor documentat i, gr\u00e0cies a la transmissi\u00f3 escrita continuada, el teol\u00f2gicament m\u00e9s complex de tota la hist\u00f2ria de les religions.<\/p>\n<p>Walter Burkert i Jan Assmann han classificat Sobek com a exemple de la \u00abpluralitat de noms\u00bb eg\u00edpcia (polion\u00edmia) dels d\u00e9us: un d\u00e9u porta nombrosos noms i formes d&#8217;aparici\u00f3, activats segons el context cultual, sense que la unitat de l&#8217;\u00e9sser div\u00ed se&#8217;n trenqui.<\/p><p>Assmann (\u00ab\u00c4gyptische Geheimnisse\u00bb, 2004) ha interpretat aquesta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La doctrina cient\u00edfica sobre D\u00e9u i sobre la fe d'una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> com a model d&#8217;una religi\u00f3 \u00abcosmoteista\u00bb, que veu el div\u00ed escampat per tota la realitat cosmica. La investigaci\u00f3 egiptol\u00f2gica m\u00e9s recent de les darreres dues d\u00e8cades ha elaborat amb detall la diferenciaci\u00f3 regional del culte a Sobek i ha revalorat el seu significat per a la teologia dels temples ptolemaic-romans.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08305c8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"08305c8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bd51d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6bd51d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Etimologia i primers testimonis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52a724d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52a724d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>El nom \u00abSobek\u00bb (egipci \u00abSbk\u00bb, copte \u00abSouchos\u00bb, grec \u00ab\u03a3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2\u00bb) est\u00e0 documentat des de l&#8217;Imperi Antic. No es coneix amb certesa la seva etimologia; s&#8217;ha proposat una connexi\u00f3 amb el verb \u00absbk\u00bb (\u00abajuntar, unir\u00bb), la qual interpretaria Sobek com a d\u00e9u creador i modelador del m\u00f3n.<\/p><p>Altres propostes el relacionen amb \u00absbq\u00bb (cama, extremitat inferior), perqu\u00e8 Sobek va sorgir de les aig\u00fces primordials i \u00abva arribar a posar-se dret\u00bb sobre el tur\u00f3 primigeni. El debat etimol\u00f2gic no est\u00e0 tancat, cosa que no \u00e9s estranya en un te\u00f2nim tan antic.<\/p>\n<p>La forma grega \u00abSouchos\u00bb prov\u00e9 d&#8217;una grafia eg\u00edpcia secund\u00e0ria \u00abSwk\u00bb amb una \u00abs-\u00bb prot\u00e8tica, molt estesa en l&#8217;\u00e8poca tardana. Estrab\u00f3, Diodor i Eli\u00e0 utilitzen aquesta forma de manera constant. La identificaci\u00f3 d&#8217;un cocodril sagrat individual com a \u00abPetesouchos\u00bb (\u00abel donat per Souchos\u00bb) mostra com la llengua grega va integrar el nom del d\u00e9u egipci en la seva pr\u00f2pia tradici\u00f3 de formaci\u00f3 de noms.<\/p>\n<p>Les primeres atestacions de Sobek es troben als Textos de les Pir\u00e0mides de la cinquena i sisena dinastia. La f\u00f3rmula 317 \u00e9s una de les esmentes m\u00e9s antigues i ja presenta Sobek com a ajudant del rei en l&#8217;ascens a les estrelles.<\/p><p>Als Textos dels Sarc\u00f2fags del Primer Per\u00edode Intermedi i del Regne Mitj\u00e0, Sobek guanya import\u00e0ncia teol\u00f2gica, fet que es relaciona amb l&#8217;auge del Faium com a regi\u00f3 agr\u00edcola desenvolupada. Els faraons de la tretzena dinastia (especialment la s\u00e8rie Sobekhotep i Sobekemsaf) porten noms que expressen, tant religiosament com pol\u00edticament, la seva vinculaci\u00f3 amb el d\u00e9u.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58124b8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"58124b8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a22807 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1a22807\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fonts<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-780c08a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"780c08a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Textos de les Pir\u00e0mides, f\u00f3rmules 317 i 510 (Sobek com a ajudant d&#8217;Horus). Textos dels Sarc\u00f2fags i Llibre dels Morts, diversos passatges. Inscripcions del temple d&#8217;Esna (edici\u00f3 francesa de Sauneron, 1962 a 1975). Relleus del temple de Kom Ombo (edici\u00f3 d&#8217;Adolphe Gutbub). Inscripcions del temple d&#8217;Hibis (edici\u00f3 de Norman de Garis Davies i Mark Smith).<\/p><p>Her\u00f2dot, \u00abHist\u00f2ries\u00bb II, 69 (culte al cocodril a Egipte); Estrab\u00f3, \u00abGeografia\u00bb XVII, 1, 38 (Petesuchos a Crocodil\u00f2polis); Diodor, \u00abBibliotheke historica\u00bb I, 89; Eli\u00e0, \u00abDe natura animalium\u00bb X, 21 i 24. Henri Frankfort, \u00abKingship and the Gods\u00bb, Chicago 1948. Erik Hornung, \u00abDer Eine und die Vielen\u00bb, Darmstadt 1971. Jan Assmann, \u00ab\u00c4gypten.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La doctrina cient\u00edfica sobre D\u00e9u i la fe d'una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">Teologia<\/span> i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'actitud i la pr\u00e0ctica religiosa viscuda per una persona.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pietat<\/span> einer fr\u00fchen Hochkultur\u00bb, Stuttgart 1984. Marco Zecchi, \u00abSobek of Shedet\u00bb, Todi 2010.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3208,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Sobek","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Sobek \u2013 D\u00e9u cocodril egipci del Nil | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Sobek \u00e9s el d\u00e9u cocodril egipci, senyor protector del Nil, de la fertilitat i dels soldats. Temples a Kom Ombo, testimoniat ja en els Textos de les Pir\u00e0mides.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"aegypten","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-171804","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sobek \u2013 D\u00e9u cocodril egipci del Nil | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sobek \u00e9s el d\u00e9u cocodril egipci, senyor protector del Nil, de la fertilitat i dels soldats. Temples a Kom Ombo, testimoniat ja en els Textos de les Pir\u00e0mides.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/sobek\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sobek\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sobek \u00e9s el d\u00e9u cocodril egipci, senyor protector del Nil, de la fertilitat i dels soldats. Temples a Kom Ombo, testimoniat ja en els Textos de les Pir\u00e0mides.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/sobek\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-05T16:07:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aegypten_sobek.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/sobek\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/sobek\\\/\",\"name\":\"Sobek \u2013 D\u00e9u cocodril egipci del Nil | iWell Guard\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/sobek\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/sobek\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_aegypten_sobek.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-05T15:42:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-05T16:07:39+00:00\",\"description\":\"Sobek \u00e9s el d\u00e9u cocodril egipci, senyor protector del Nil, de la fertilitat i dels soldats. Temples a Kom Ombo, testimoniat ja en els Textos de les Pir\u00e0mides.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/sobek\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/sobek\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/sobek\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_aegypten_sobek.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_aegypten_sobek.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"D\u00e9us de la tradici\u00f3 eg\u00edpcia.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/sobek\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/?page_id=171333\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Sobek\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ca\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/sobek\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/sobek\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Sobek\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-05T15:42:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-05T16:07:39+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/sobek\\\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/sobek\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_aegypten_sobek.webp\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"description\":\"Sobek \u00e9s el d\u00e9u cocodril egipci, senyor protector del Nil, de la fertilitat i dels soldats. Temples a Kom Ombo, testimoniat ja en els Textos de les Pir\u00e0mides.\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Sobek \u2013 D\u00e9u cocodril egipci del Nil | iWell Guard","description":"Sobek \u00e9s el d\u00e9u cocodril egipci, senyor protector del Nil, de la fertilitat i dels soldats. Temples a Kom Ombo, testimoniat ja en els Textos de les Pir\u00e0mides.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/sobek\/","og_locale":"ca_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"Sobek","og_description":"Sobek \u00e9s el d\u00e9u cocodril egipci, senyor protector del Nil, de la fertilitat i dels soldats. Temples a Kom Ombo, testimoniat ja en els Textos de les Pir\u00e0mides.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/sobek\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-09-05T16:07:39+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aegypten_sobek.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/sobek\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/sobek\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Sobek","datePublished":"2026-09-05T15:42:33+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-05T16:07:39+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/sobek\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/sobek\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aegypten_sobek.webp","inLanguage":"ca","description":"Sobek \u00e9s el d\u00e9u cocodril egipci, senyor protector del Nil, de la fertilitat i dels soldats. Temples a Kom Ombo, testimoniat ja en els Textos de les Pir\u00e0mides."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/sobek\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/sobek\/","name":"Sobek \u2013 D\u00e9u cocodril egipci del Nil | iWell Guard","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/sobek\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/sobek\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aegypten_sobek.webp","datePublished":"2026-09-05T15:42:33+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-05T16:07:39+00:00","description":"Sobek \u00e9s el d\u00e9u cocodril egipci, senyor protector del Nil, de la fertilitat i dels soldats. Temples a Kom Ombo, testimoniat ja en els Textos de les Pir\u00e0mides.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/sobek\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ca","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/sobek\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/sobek\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aegypten_sobek.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aegypten_sobek.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"D\u00e9us de la tradici\u00f3 eg\u00edpcia."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/sobek\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171333"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Sobek"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ca"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/sobek\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/sobek\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Sobek","datePublished":"2026-09-05T15:42:33+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-05T16:07:39+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/sobek\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/sobek\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aegypten_sobek.webp","inLanguage":"ca","description":"Sobek \u00e9s el d\u00e9u cocodril egipci, senyor protector del Nil, de la fertilitat i dels soldats. Temples a Kom Ombo, testimoniat ja en els Textos de les Pir\u00e0mides."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/171804","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=171804"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/171804\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3208"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=171804"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=171804"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}