{"id":171586,"date":"2026-09-05T15:40:38","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T15:40:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=171586"},"modified":"2026-09-05T16:01:47","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T16:01:47","slug":"mart","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/mart\/","title":{"rendered":"Mart"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"171586\" class=\"elementor elementor-171586 elementor-2128 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mart, d\u00e9u de la tradici\u00f3 romana<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mart \u00e9s el d\u00e9u de la guerra i de la for\u00e7a de combat en la tradici\u00f3 romana. Com a pare de R\u00f2mul, se&#8217;l considera protector de la dinastia i del mateix imperi rom\u00e0, per la qual cosa rebia una veneraci\u00f3 especial. Des del punt de vista de la ci\u00e8ncia de la religi\u00f3, Mart \u00e9s un exemple de la transformaci\u00f3 d&#8217;un d\u00e9u de protecci\u00f3 agr\u00edcola en d\u00e9u estatal, i per tant de la reconfiguraci\u00f3 pol\u00edtica dels cultes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00e9u \/ Deessa: Poder suprem personificat en el pante\u00f3 d'una cultura, amb \u00e0mbits clars de compet\u00e8ncia: forces de la natura, dest\u00ed, guerra, fertilitat. Venerat mitjan\u00e7ant cultes, ofrenes i institucions de temple.\">D\u00e9u<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/roma\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Religi\u00f3 romana des de la monarquia fins a l'Antiguitat tardana, sincr\u00e8tica amb capes gregues i etrusques.\">Roma<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No s&#039;ha trobat cap encap\\u00e7alament en aquesta p\\u00e0gina.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00cdndex\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_mars-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-173807\" alt=\"Mart - d\u00e9us de la tradici\u00f3 romana, il\u00b7lustraci\u00f3 hist\u00f2rica\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_mars-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_mars-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_mars-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_mars.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mart<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mart no encarna nom\u00e9s l&#8217;agressi\u00f3 i la destrucci\u00f3, sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 l&#8217;ordre dins la guerra i la protecci\u00f3 de la comunitat. Els seus aspectes centrals s\u00f3n la valentia, l&#8217;estrat\u00e8gia militar i la sanci\u00f3 de la viol\u00e8ncia per part de la comunitat pol\u00edtica.<\/p><p>En el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un relat transm\u00e8s sobre d\u00e9us, or\u00edgens i l'ordre del m\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">mite<\/span> apareix en diversos papers: com a amant de Venus, com a pare de R\u00f2mul i com a protector contra la pesta i la desgr\u00e0cia. Les Lupercals i les Equirries eren festes centrals en qu\u00e8 es <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lliurat a all\u00f2 sagrat mitjan\u00e7ant un acte religi\u00f3s i, per tant, tret de l'\u00e0mbit quotidi\u00e0.\" tabindex=\"0\">consagraven<\/span> cavalls i armes al d\u00e9u.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Resum r\u00e0pid: Mart<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les fonts prim\u00e0ries s\u00f3n nombroses: Ovidi, Virgili, Horaci, els Acta Arvalium i inscripcions llatines. Pel que fa a les fonts secund\u00e0ries, Karl Latte, Georg Wissowa i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Historiador de les religions alemany (1931\u20132015); obra principal Griechische Religion (1977).\">Walter Burkert<\/span> han estudiat els or\u00edgens i la transformaci\u00f3 de d\u00e9u de la guerra a d\u00e9u estatal. La difusi\u00f3 del culte a Mart es va estendre per tot l&#8217;imperi rom\u00e0 i es va fusionar amb d\u00e9us guerrers gals, germ\u00e0nics i brit\u00e0nics.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introducci\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Per\u00edode dels textos<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>El culte a Mart a Roma es remunta a l&#8217;\u00e8poca primitiva, quan se l&#8217;invocava tant com a protector dels camps de conreu com a d\u00e9u de la guerra; la seva festa coincidia amb el mes que porta el seu nom, mar\u00e7. Despr\u00e9s de la fi de la religi\u00f3 antiga, la figura va perviure en l&#8217;astronomia com a nom del planeta, en les arts pl\u00e0stiques de l&#8217;edat moderna, per exemple en representacions de Mart i Venus, i ling\u00fc\u00edsticament en l&#8217;adjectiu \u00abmarcial\u00bb.<\/p><h3>Classificaci\u00f3 mitol\u00f2gica<\/h3><p>Mart \u00e9s el d\u00e9u de la guerra rom\u00e0, per\u00f2 \u00e9s m\u00e9s complex que la mera bel\u00b7liger\u00e0ncia. Mart \u00e9s tamb\u00e9 d\u00e9u de l&#8217;ordre, del coratge i de la masculinitat. A difer\u00e8ncia d&#8217;Ares (grec), \u00e9s disciplinat i estrat\u00e8gic, en absolut salvatge. \u00c9s pare de Roma. El seu paper uneix viol\u00e8ncia i civilitzaci\u00f3.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c0rea de difusi\u00f3<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mart no estava limitat regionalment ni vinculat a llocs concrets: era conegut i venerat, o temut, de manera universal en tot el m\u00f3n rom\u00e0. Tant als centres urbans com a les zones rurals perif\u00e8riques, tant entre l&#8217;elit com entre el poble senzill, el significat espiritual i cultural d&#8217;aquesta entitat era reconegut de manera constant i universal.<\/p><p>Mart ocupava el rang immediatament posterior a J\u00fapiter i era considerat el patriarca del poble rom\u00e0, ja que en la llegenda fundacional apareix com a pare de R\u00f2mul i Rem. El seu culte s&#8217;estenia des del Camp de Mart, com a lloc de reuni\u00f3 i entrenament de l&#8217;ex\u00e8rcit, fins a les processons rurals pels camps, i m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 de les aliances llatines, tamb\u00e9 era invocat per altres pobles it\u00e0lics amb noms emparentats, com l&#8217;osc Mamers.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Estat de les fonts<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fonts prim\u00e0ries: les Metamorfosis i els Fasti d&#8217;Ovidi, l&#8217;Eneida de Virgili (llibre 8), les Odes d&#8217;Horaci, De Natura Deorum de Cicer\u00f3, les Saturnals de Macrobi.<\/p><p>Els testimonis abasten des de la Rep\u00fablica primerenca (segle VI aC) fins a l&#8217;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c8poca de transici\u00f3 entre l'Antiguitat i l'edat mitjana, aproximadament dels segles III al VII.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antiguitat tardana<\/span>. Investigadors: Georg Wissowa, Karl Latte (R\u00f6mische Religionsgeschichte), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Historiador de les religions alemany (1931\u20132015); obra principal Griechische Religion (1977).\">Walter Burkert<\/span> (Griechische Religion), Hubert Cancik. Inscripcions i troballes arqueol\u00f2giques documenten la construcci\u00f3 de temples i rituals a Roma, la Camp\u00e0nia, la G\u00e0l\u00b7lia i al llarg de les fronteres del Rin.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nom i variants<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mart es representa en les diferents tradicions i fonts amb determinats elements iconogr\u00e0fics que romanen relativament constants a trav\u00e9s de d\u00e8cades i llocs. Aquests elements estan codificats simb\u00f2licament i porten un significat profund; precisament no s\u00f3n purament decoratius ni arbitraris.<\/p><p>En l&#8217;art rom\u00e0, Mart es fa reconeixible pel casc, la llan\u00e7a i l&#8217;escut, i sol representar-se com un guerrer armat. Se li associen animals com el llop i el picot, que tenen un paper en la llegenda fundacional de Roma, aix\u00ed com els escuts sagrats, els Ancilia, que la confraria sacerdotal dels Salis portava en processons solemnes. Aquests atributs feien immediatament reconeixible la seva compet\u00e8ncia sobre la guerra i la protecci\u00f3.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caracter\u00edstiques<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mart era central en la pr\u00e0ctica religiosa i en la comprensi\u00f3 quotidiana de Roma. La gent s&#8217;adre\u00e7ava a aquesta entitat en determinades situacions cr\u00edtiques de la vida o en certes \u00e8poques de l&#8217;any, mitjan\u00e7ant rituals estructurats, preg\u00e0ries o ofrenes. La pr\u00e0ctica es transmetia amb precisi\u00f3 i era dirigida per sacerdots o especialistes; res no era arbitrari ni improvisat.<\/p><p>La veneraci\u00f3 de Mart es manifestava en rituals abans i despr\u00e9s de les campanyes militars: abans de la sortida, el general tocava les llances i els escuts sagrats al santuari de la Regia; el sacrifici de la suovetaur\u00edlia, format per porc, ovella i toro, servia per purificar la terra i l&#8217;ex\u00e8rcit, i el sacrifici del cavall d&#8217;octubre tancava la temporada de guerra. A m\u00e9s, la festa de les Ambarv\u00e0lia assegurava la protecci\u00f3 dels camps mitjan\u00e7ant processons agr\u00edcoles.<\/p><h3>Aparen\u00e7a i simbolisme<\/h3><p>Mart es representa com un guerrer muscul\u00f3s amb armadura completa, sovint amb casc, escut i llan\u00e7a. El vermell li \u00e9s propi. La llan\u00e7a i l&#8217;espasa, l&#8217;\u00e0guila i el llop s\u00f3n els seus s\u00edmbols. El mes de mar\u00e7 porta el seu nom. La for\u00e7a i l&#8217;honor guerrer el defineixen.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fitxa: Mart<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La seg\u00fcent fitxa explica els sis aspectes de Mart: el seu origen hist\u00f2ric i cultural, la pr\u00e0ctica de veneraci\u00f3, la representaci\u00f3 iconogr\u00e0fica, la import\u00e0ncia per a la protecci\u00f3 i la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'acte de dirigir-se a una divinitat o poder mitjan\u00e7ant s\u00faplica o invocaci\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">invocaci\u00f3<\/span>, els paral\u00b7lelismes amb altres cultures i, finalment, un resum de figures divines emparentades en tradicions properes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L'origen de Mart<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mart \u00e9s una de les divinitats romanes m\u00e9s antigues. Els seus rastres condueixen fins a d\u00e9us guerrers indoeuropeus i a una forma protohist\u00f2rica it\u00e0lica d&#8217;un dimoni de la fertilitat. A Laci era origin\u00e0riament protector dels ramats i dels camps, per\u00f2 amb el creixent pes militar es va transformar en d\u00e9u de la guerra.<\/p><p>La primera menci\u00f3 documentada apareix als Fasti Praenestini i data del segle IV a.C., encara que els cultes existien des de molt abans. El <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un edifici dedicat a la veneraci\u00f3 d'una o m\u00e9s divinitats.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> de Mart a la pla\u00e7a d&#8217;Ares de Roma va ser <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lliurat al sagrat mitjan\u00e7ant un acte religi\u00f3s, i per tant separat de l'\u00e0mbit quotidi\u00e0.\" tabindex=\"0\">consagrat<\/span> de nou l&#8217;any 20 a.C. per August.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Els devots de Mart<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mart era invocat per guerrers, generals, soldats, pagesos i ciutadans, especialment abans de les campanyes militars i en temps de guerra. El sacerdoci rom\u00e0 dels salis el celebrava amb les Equirria (curses de cavalls).<\/p><p>El <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una pr\u00e0ctica transmesa i repetida regularment en una comunitat.\" tabindex=\"0\">costum<\/span> de les Luperc\u00e0lia (febrer) representava purificaci\u00f3 i benedicci\u00f3 de fertilitat per als camps i la fam\u00edlia. August va utilitzar els cultes a Mart amb finalitats pol\u00edtiques: com a pare de R\u00f2mul, el d\u00e9u legitimava la dinastia. Els estrategs militars pregaven abans de les batalles.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L'aparen\u00e7a de Mart<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mart era representat com un guerrer barbut i completament armat, amb casc, escut i llan\u00e7a. Iconogr\u00e0ficament portava l&#8217;armadura d&#8217;un soldat rom\u00e0, sovint amb una mirada dram\u00e0tica.<\/p><p>Els seus atributs eren el cavall, la llan\u00e7a (hasta), l&#8217;escut (ancile), i de vegades tamb\u00e9 la serp (aspecte ct\u00f2nic). A les monedes apareix dret o a cavall. Als altars se&#8217;l representa amb Venus, ja que aquesta uni\u00f3 simbolitzava una harmonia mitol\u00f2gica i c\u00f2smica.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L'acci\u00f3 de Mart<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u00c0mbit d&#8217;actuaci\u00f3:<\/strong> Mart \u00e9s d\u00e9u de la guerra i, alhora, d\u00e9u de la vegetaci\u00f3 i dels fruits del camp. La seva festa, les Luperc\u00e0lia i la festa de mar\u00e7, marquen rituals de fertilitat i purificaci\u00f3.<\/p><p>A Roma, Mart era venerat sobretot com a protector de la ciutat i de l&#8217;agricultura, el guerrer que defensa el poble i fa f\u00e8rtil la terra. Els seus fills amb Venus, R\u00f2mul i Rem, mostren la seva vinculaci\u00f3 amb la fundaci\u00f3 i l&#8217;estat.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">La protecci\u00f3 de Mart<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mart rebia <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'acte de dirigir-se a una divinitat o poder mitjan\u00e7ant s\u00faplica o invocaci\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">invocacions<\/span> i un respecte reverencial; no era un simple d\u00e9u protector, sin\u00f3 una for\u00e7a moral. Abans d&#8217;empreses importants, se li sacrificaven bous, ovelles i cavalls.<\/p><p>Els ritus per allunyar el mal buscaven aplacar Mart i canalitzar la seva for\u00e7a agressiva cap a vies ordenades. A les cases particulars s&#8217;hi col\u00b7locaven petites figures de Mart (sigilla) per protegir la llar i la fam\u00edlia de qualsevol dany.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Els paral\u00b7lelismes de Mart<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En la tradici\u00f3 grega, Ares \u00e9s un d\u00e9u similar per\u00f2 menys respectat, desordenat i sanguinari. Les figures etrusques de Tinia mostren paral\u00b7lelismes amb la divinitat guerrera. En l&#8217;\u00e0mbit germ\u00e0nic, Tiwaz\/Tyr i Odin exerceixen papers semblants. Els mesopotamis Nergal i Erra encarnen la pesta i la guerra. Aquestes divinitats comparteixen amb Mart la transformaci\u00f3 d&#8217;un protector agr\u00edcola a divinitat guerrera.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mart, paral\u00b7lelismes en altres cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mart combina les funcions de l&#8217;Ares grec amb les d&#8217;un d\u00e9u de la vegetaci\u00f3 i de l&#8217;agricultura, un conjunt de rols que no t\u00e9 una correspond\u00e8ncia directa en la tradici\u00f3 grega. Mentre que Ares apareix gaireb\u00e9 sempre com un fan\u00e0tic de la guerra pur, Mart ja apareix al calendari rom\u00e0, precisament al mes de mar\u00e7, vinculat amb ritus de sembra.<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>Tradici\u00f3 jueva:<\/strong> En la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La disciplina que estudia D\u00e9u i la fe d'una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> jueva no existeix un paral\u00b7lel directe a Mart. La idea de la guerra com a funci\u00f3 divina es tracta d&#8217;una altra manera: JHWH \u00e9s D\u00e9u dels ex\u00e8rcits (Sabaot), per\u00f2 no com a d\u00e9u guerrer especialitzat. El per\u00edode hel\u00b7len\u00edstic va portar contacte, per\u00f2 no fusi\u00f3, amb els cultes a Mart.<\/p><p><strong>M\u00f3n grecorom\u00e0:<\/strong> Ares n&#8217;\u00e9s l&#8217;equivalent grec, per\u00f2 \u00e9s menyspreat i secundari davant Atena, que encarna l&#8217;estrat\u00e8gia. Mart, en canvi, era molt respectat, la qual cosa reflecteix el paper pol\u00edtic diferent de Roma. La fusi\u00f3 sota emperadors posteriors (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Fusi\u00f3 d'idees o divinitats procedents de diverses tradicions religioses.\" tabindex=\"0\">sincretisme<\/span> Ares-Mart) mostra, per\u00f2, una adaptaci\u00f3 m\u00fatua.<\/p><p><strong>Mesopot\u00e0mia:<\/strong> Nergal, d\u00e9u de la guerra i senyor dels morts, comparteix amb Mart la dualitat entre destrucci\u00f3 i protecci\u00f3. Erra \u00e9s una figura guerrera agressiva, per\u00f2 menys integrada en una estructura estatal. Els guerrers mesopotamis demanaven la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'atorgament de salut i protecci\u00f3, sovint amb una f\u00f3rmula ling\u00fc\u00edstica fixa.\" tabindex=\"0\">benedicci\u00f3<\/span> de Nergal com els legionaris romans demanaven la de Mart.<\/p><p><strong>\u00cdndia\/\u00c0sia:<\/strong> Skanda\/Murugan, dins l&#8217;hinduisme, \u00e9s d\u00e9u de la guerra, per\u00f2 subordinat dins la jerarquia c\u00f2smica. En el budisme primerenc no hi ha cap divinitat de la guerra. A la Xina existia Guan Yu, d\u00e9u de la guerra, de l&#8217;honor i de la just\u00edcia, canonitzat m\u00e9s tard, un paral\u00b7lelisme estructural amb la polititzaci\u00f3 de Mart.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd8eb093 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpd8eb093\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9f1bcac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9f1bcac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mart com a antic d\u00e9u it\u00e0lic abans de la seva identificaci\u00f3 amb Ares<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp22eefc3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp22eefc3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa573e59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa573e59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En la percepci\u00f3 popular, Mart \u00e9s considerat l&#8217;equivalent rom\u00e0 del d\u00e9u grec de la guerra Ares. Aquesta equiparaci\u00f3 \u00e9s liter\u00e0riament correcta, per\u00f2 amaga el fet que Mart va ser origin\u00e0riament un d\u00e9u it\u00e0lic aut\u00f2nom amb un \u00e0mbit d&#8217;acci\u00f3 molt m\u00e9s ampli.<\/p><p>Els testimonis m\u00e9s antics, sobretot el cant arcaic dels Arvals i les refer\u00e8ncies de Cat\u00f3 el Vell, mostren un d\u00e9u que era tan responsable de la protecci\u00f3 dels camps, del bestiar i de les fronteres com de la guerra.<\/p><p>Cat\u00f3 transmet en la seva obra <em>De agri cultura<\/em> una <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'adre\u00e7ament verbal de l'\u00e9sser hum\u00e0 a una divinitat.\" tabindex=\"0\">preg\u00e0ria<\/span> que encomana a un pag\u00e8s demanar a Mart la protecci\u00f3 de la seva propietat, de la seva fam\u00edlia i del seu bestiar, i oferir-li a canvi un triple <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ofrena a una divinitat per expressar gratitud, s\u00faplica o veneraci\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacrifici<\/span>, l&#8217;anomenada <em>suovetaurilia<\/em>, format per un porc, una ovella i un brau.<\/p><p>En aquesta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'adre\u00e7ament verbal de l'\u00e9sser hum\u00e0 a una divinitat.\" tabindex=\"0\">preg\u00e0ria<\/span>, Mart apareix com una for\u00e7a protectora contra la malaltia, l&#8217;esterilitat i les tempestes. Aquesta vessant agr\u00edcola forma part del nucli del culte antic a Mart i no \u00e9s, ni de bon tros, un aspecte marginal.<\/p><p>La recerca explica de diverses maneres aquest ampli \u00e0mbit de compet\u00e8ncies. Una interpretaci\u00f3 considera que Mart era origin\u00e0riament un d\u00e9u protector general de la comunitat, la funci\u00f3 defensiva del qual es manifestava cap a l&#8217;exterior com a conducci\u00f3 de la guerra i cap a l&#8217;interior com a protecci\u00f3 dels camps i del ramat.<\/p><p>El Mart it\u00e0lic era, doncs, menys especialitzat que el grec Ares, que en el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"El conjunt de d\u00e9us d'una religi\u00f3 o cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00f3<\/span> grec va romandre com una figura marginal poc estimada i purament guerrera.<\/p><p>Nom\u00e9s l&#8217;equiparaci\u00f3 liter\u00e0ria de l&#8217;\u00e8poca hel\u00b7len\u00edstica i imperial va relegar les antigues funcions a un segon pla. Per comprendre el Mart rom\u00e0 \u00e9s, per tant, important no confondre el paral\u00b7lel grec amb la totalitat del personatge.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbe049f5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpbe049f5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2341e5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2341e5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mart com a avantpassat de Roma<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp384072b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp384072b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp928dcb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp928dcb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mart ocupa una posici\u00f3 geneal\u00f2gica especial en l&#8217;autoconsci\u00e8ncia romana. \u00c9s considerat pare dels bessons R\u00f2mul i Rem i, per tant, avantpassat del poble rom\u00e0.<\/p><p>Segons la llegenda fundacional transmesa per Livi i altres autors, la vestal Rea S\u00edlvia va infantar els bessons de Mart. Els infants van ser abandonats, alletats per una lloba, animal sagrat de Mart, i criats per un pastor. R\u00f2mul va fundar m\u00e9s tard la ciutat.<\/p><p>Aquest origen va convertir Mart en un d\u00e9u din\u00e0stic i pol\u00edtic, no nom\u00e9s en una for\u00e7a de la natura. La <em>gens Iulia<\/em>, el llinatge de C\u00e8sar i, per tant, tamb\u00e9 d&#8217;August, es feia derivar de Venus a trav\u00e9s d&#8217;Eneas, per\u00f2 el vincle general de Roma amb Mart va continuar sent un element fix de la ideologia estatal.<\/p><p>August va ampliar aquesta l\u00ednia en erigir el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un edifici dedicat a la veneraci\u00f3 d'una o diverses divinitats.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> de <em>Mars Ultor<\/em>, el Venjador, i convertir-lo en el centre del seu nou f\u00f2rum. L&#8217;ep\u00edtet <em>Ultor<\/em> es vinculava tant a la venjan\u00e7a per l&#8217;assassinat de C\u00e8sar com a la recuperaci\u00f3 dels estendards capturats pels parts.<\/p><p>El picot sagrat de Mart, el <em>picus Martius<\/em>, i el llop figuraven entre els animals a trav\u00e9s dels quals el d\u00e9u actuava en la llegenda fundacional. Tamb\u00e9 el mes de mar\u00e7, en llat\u00ed <em>Martius<\/em>, porta el seu nom i era considerat, en el calendari rom\u00e0 antic, el comen\u00e7ament de l&#8217;any i de la temporada de campanyes militars.<\/p><p>L&#8217;entrella\u00e7ament de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un relat transm\u00e8s sobre d\u00e9us, or\u00edgens i l'ordre del m\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">mite<\/span>, calendari i hist\u00f2ria pol\u00edtica fa de Mart un d\u00e9u el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"El conjunt d'actes de veneraci\u00f3 religiosa cap a una divinitat o figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culte<\/span> del qual estava estretament lligat a la identitat de la ciutat. A difer\u00e8ncia de moltes altres divinitats, en el seu cas es tractava, m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 de la veneraci\u00f3, del relat mateix dels or\u00edgens de la comunitat.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb74b0a2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpb74b0a2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1d5d03e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp1d5d03e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Els salis i el culte dels escuts sagrats<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe517ad6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpe517ad6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9594cbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp9594cbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Entre les institucions m\u00e9s destacades del culte rom\u00e0 a Mart hi havia els salis, un sacerdoci de dotze membres, obert exclusivament als patricis. El seu nom es fa derivar del llat\u00ed <em>salire<\/em>, saltar o ballar, ja que el seu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una seq\u00fc\u00e8ncia regulada d'accions simb\u00f2liques amb significat religi\u00f3s o cultural.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> consistia essencialment en una dansa armada per la ciutat.<\/p><p>Els salis recorrien Roma sobretot al mes de mar\u00e7, el mes de Mart, vestits amb indument\u00e0ria arcaica: casc de bronze, espasa curta, un vestit pintat i un escut sagrat al bra\u00e7.<\/p><p>Aquests escuts, els <em>ancilia<\/em>, ocupaven el centre del ritual. Segons la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La transmissi\u00f3 de coneixements i relats al llarg de generacions.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici\u00f3<\/span>, un d&#8217;ells havia caigut del cel com a penyora de la continu\u00eftat de Roma. Per evitar que fos robat, el llegendari rei Numa Pompili va fer fabricar onze r\u00e8pliques id\u00e8ntiques.<\/p><p>Els salis custodiaven els dotze escuts i els duien en les seves processons. La dansa anava acompanyada pel cant del <em>carmen Saliare<\/em>, emparentat amb el cant dels Arvals, un text tan arcaic que els mateixos romans de l&#8217;\u00e8poca cl\u00e0ssica ja gaireb\u00e9 no l&#8217;entenien.<\/p><p>Els salis marcaven l&#8217;inici i el final de la temporada de campanyes militars. Els seus rituals de mar\u00e7 obrien el per\u00edode en qu\u00e8 es podia fer la guerra, mentre que un altre <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una seq\u00fc\u00e8ncia regulada d'accions simb\u00f2liques amb significat religi\u00f3s o cultural.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> a l&#8217;octubre el clausurava. Aquesta inserci\u00f3 en el cicle anual mostra novament com Mart es situava entre l&#8217;esfera guerrera i l&#8217;agr\u00edcola.<\/p><p>Per a la recerca, els salis s\u00f3n valuosos perqu\u00e8 van conservar un fragment molt antic de la religi\u00f3 romana, preservat tant en la llengua com en la forma. Molts aspectes del seu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una seq\u00fc\u00e8ncia regulada d'accions simb\u00f2liques amb significat religi\u00f3s o cultural.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> van romandre foscos fins i tot per als autors antics, la qual cosa fa que la documentaci\u00f3 sigui for\u00e7a fragment\u00e0ria.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd54e62c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpd54e62c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6a874e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp6a874e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Santuaris, el Camp de Mart i les festes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp556b925 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp556b925\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp06323e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp06323e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L&#8217;arrelament topogr\u00e0fic de Mart a Roma era inusual. El seu lloc de culte m\u00e9s antic es trobava, segons la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La transmissi\u00f3 de coneixements i relats a trav\u00e9s de generacions.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici\u00f3<\/span>, fora del territori urb\u00e0 pr\u00f2piament dit, al <em>Campus Martius<\/em>, el camp de Mart en el meandre del T\u00edber. Aquesta ubicaci\u00f3 tenia un motiu de dret sagrat: els homes armats i l&#8217;ex\u00e8rcit no podien travessar el Pomerium, el l\u00edmit sagrat de la ciutat.<\/p><p>El camp de Mart era per aix\u00f2 el lloc de la lleva, dels exercicis militars, de l&#8217;assemblea popular en la seva forma armada i del cens. No va ser fins Augusto que, amb el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un edifici dedicat a la veneraci\u00f3 d'una o diverses divinitats.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> de <em>Mars Ultor<\/em> al seu f\u00f2rum, va portar el d\u00e9u de manera demostrativa al centre.<\/p><p>El calendari festiu de Mart es concentrava en mar\u00e7 i octubre. Al mar\u00e7 se celebraven diverses festes, entre elles curses de cavalls i la festa dels <em>Quinquatrus<\/em>, en la qual, entre altres coses, es purificaven les armes sagrades.<\/p><p>L&#8217;octubre el tancava l&#8217;<em>October equus<\/em>, un sacrifici de cavall en el qual el cavall dret de la parella victoriosa era sacrificat a Mart. La seva cua es portava r\u00e0pidament a la Regia, un edifici venerable al f\u00f2rum, on la sang havia de degotar sobre el foc sagrat. Sobre la interpretaci\u00f3 exacta d&#8217;aquest <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una acci\u00f3 religiosa fixa i recurrent.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu<\/span> ja discutien els erudits antics.<\/p><p>A la Regia tamb\u00e9 es guardaven les <em>hastae Martiae<\/em>, les llances sagrades de Mart. Un general les tocava, segons la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La transmissi\u00f3 de coneixements i relats a trav\u00e9s de generacions.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici\u00f3<\/span>, abans de sortir cap al camp de batalla, amb les paraules que el d\u00e9u havia de vetllar.<\/p><p>Si les llances es movien per si soles, es considerava un mal presagi. Aquesta connexi\u00f3 entre objecte de culte, lloc i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una acci\u00f3 religiosa fixa i recurrent.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu<\/span> mostra que el culte a Mart a Roma no era un sistema de creences abstracte, sin\u00f3 que estava fermament lligat a llocs i objectes que determinaven la vida p\u00fablica.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf5ff2a6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpf5ff2a6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8a78867 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp8a78867\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mart a les prov\u00edncies i la fusi\u00f3 amb d\u00e9us aut\u00f2ctons<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0c42560 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp0c42560\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0be426b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp0be426b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Amb l&#8217;expansi\u00f3 de l&#8217;Imperi Rom\u00e0, tamb\u00e9 es va estendre el culte a Mart, per\u00f2 rarament es va mantenir inalterat. A les prov\u00edncies, especialment a la G\u00e0l\u00b7lia, Brit\u00e0nia i la regi\u00f3 del Rin, Mart es va fusionar sovint amb divinitats aut\u00f2ctones.<\/p><p>Aquest proc\u00e9s, anomenat per la recerca <em>interpretatio Romana<\/em>, va donar lloc a un gran nombre d&#8217;ep\u00edtets de Mart que apareixen en inscripcions votives. Es poden esmentar, per exemple, <em>Mars Lenus<\/em> a Tr\u00e8veris, <em>Mars Camulus<\/em> a l&#8217;\u00e0mbit celta o <em>Mars Thingsus<\/em> a Brit\u00e0nia, associat a una <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9sser venerat com a div\u00ed dins d'una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">divinitat<\/span> germ\u00e0nica.<\/p><p>\u00c9s notable que el Mart provincial apareix sovint m\u00e9s com a d\u00e9u de la salut i la protecci\u00f3 que com a d\u00e9u de la guerra. <em>Mars Lenus<\/em>, per exemple, era una important divinitat curativa amb un gran recinte de temple.<\/p><p>Aquest canvi d&#8217;\u00e8mfasi s&#8217;explica en part per les caracter\u00edstiques dels d\u00e9us aut\u00f2ctons amb els quals es va equiparar Mart, i en part per l&#8217;\u00e0mplia funci\u00f3 protectora ja esmentada del Mart antic it\u00e0lic mateix. El d\u00e9u oferia un punt de connexi\u00f3 perqu\u00e8 no estava definit exclusivament en termes b\u00e8l\u00b7lics.<\/p><p>Els cultes provincials s\u00f3n importants per a la recerca perqu\u00e8 mostren com funcionava la religi\u00f3 romana en trobar-se amb tradicions locals. No era un sistema r\u00edgid que simplement s&#8217;imposava, sin\u00f3 que permetia invocar les divinitats existents en forma romana.<\/p><p>Els nombrosos altars votius, inscripcions i recintes de temples que els arque\u00f2legs han excavat, sobretot al nord-oest d&#8217;Europa, formen una base material extensa. Deixen clar que el nom Mart podia cobrir, a la pr\u00e0ctica, tot un conjunt de concepcions divines regionalment diferents. D&#8217;aqu\u00ed no es pot deduir una <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La doctrina cient\u00edfica sobre D\u00e9u i la fe d'una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> unificada del Mart provincial.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6b1a899 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp6b1a899\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9c89b19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9c89b19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perviv\u00e8ncia: Mart en l'astrologia, l'art i la cultura moderna<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfe0e252 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpfe0e252\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp92dc409 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp92dc409\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>M\u00e9s enll\u00e0 de la religi\u00f3 de l&#8217;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c8poca de la cultura grega i romana, aproximadament del 800 aC al 600 dC.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antiguitat<\/span>, Mart va continuar existint sobretot com a d\u00e9u planetari. El planeta vermell\u00f3s porta el seu nom des de l&#8217;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c8poca de la cultura grega i romana, aproximadament del 800 aC al 600 dC.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antiguitat<\/span>, i en la tradici\u00f3 astrol\u00f2gica, que va arribar a l&#8217;Europa medieval a trav\u00e9s d&#8217;intermediaris tardoantics i \u00e0rabs, Mart era considerat l&#8217;estel de la guerra, l&#8217;agressi\u00f3 i el ferro.<\/p><p>En aquesta funci\u00f3 apareix en nombroses representacions medievals i del principi de l&#8217;edat moderna, com les imatges dels fills dels planetes, que mostren quines persones i activitats s&#8217;associaven a Mart, entre elles soldats, ferrers i carnissers.<\/p><p>En les arts pl\u00e0stiques del Renaixement i del Barroc, Mart es va representar sobretot seguint el model del grec Ares, sovint en relaci\u00f3 amb Venus.<\/p><p>El <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un element de contingut recurrent en l'art o la narrativa.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiu<\/span> de <em>Mart i Venus<\/em>, que interpreta la doma de la guerra per l&#8217;amor, es troba entre altres en Botticelli, Veronese i Rubens. Aquesta tradici\u00f3 pict\u00f2rica es remunta menys al d\u00e9u protector antic it\u00e0lic que a la fusi\u00f3 liter\u00e0ria amb el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un relat transm\u00e8s sobre d\u00e9us, or\u00edgens i l'ordre del m\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">mite<\/span> grec.<\/p><p>Ling\u00fc\u00edsticament, Mart tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s present encara avui. L&#8217;adjectiu marcial se&#8217;n deriva, aix\u00ed com el nom del mes de mar\u00e7 en moltes lleng\u00fces europees. En la cultura popular moderna, Mart apareix com a planeta i com a figura en la literatura, el cinema i els jocs, sovint redu\u00eft al seu aspecte b\u00e8l\u00b7lic.<\/p><p>Aquesta reducci\u00f3 correspon m\u00e9s a l&#8217;Ares grec que a l&#8217;original rom\u00e0. Qui vulgui entendre el Mart hist\u00f2ric ha de retrocedir, per tant, m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 de la recepci\u00f3 posterior i considerar el d\u00e9u en el seu context antic it\u00e0lic, en el qual la guerra i la protecci\u00f3 dels camps eren dues cares d&#8217;un mateix poder defensiu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enlla\u00e7os relacionats<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/roma\/\">Roma, Cultura<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bibliografia (selecci\u00f3)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Beard, Mary \/ North, John \/ Price, Simon: <em>Religions of Rome. A History<\/em>. Cambridge University Press, 1998.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Scheid, John: <em>An Introduction to Roman Religion<\/em>. Edinburgh University Press, 2003.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Dum\u00e9zil, Georges: <em>Archaic Roman Religion. Volume One<\/em>. University of Chicago Press, 1970.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Kajanto, Iiro: <em>The God Mars in Connection with War and Death<\/em>. A: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En la religi\u00f3 romana, el poder div\u00ed actiu en un lloc o objecte.\" tabindex=\"0\">Numen<\/span> 14, 1967.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1646,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Mart","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Mart \u2013 d\u00e9u rom\u00e0 de la guerra","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"La tradici\u00f3 escrita sobre Mart es remunta diversos segles enrere, amb gran probabilitat","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"rom","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-171586","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mart \u2013 d\u00e9u rom\u00e0 de la guerra<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La tradici\u00f3 escrita sobre Mart es remunta diversos segles enrere, amb gran probabilitat\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/mart\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mart\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La tradici\u00f3 escrita sobre Mart es remunta diversos segles enrere, amb gran probabilitat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/mart\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-05T16:01:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_mars.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/mart\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/mart\\\/\",\"name\":\"Mart \u2013 d\u00e9u rom\u00e0 de la guerra\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/mart\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/mart\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_rom_mars.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-05T15:40:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-05T16:01:47+00:00\",\"description\":\"La tradici\u00f3 escrita sobre Mart es remunta diversos segles enrere, amb gran probabilitat\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/mart\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/mart\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/mart\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_rom_mars.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_rom_mars.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"D\u00e9us de la tradici\u00f3 romana.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/mart\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/?page_id=171333\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Mart\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ca\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/mart\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/mart\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Mart\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-05T15:40:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-05T16:01:47+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/mart\\\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/mart\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_rom_mars.webp\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"description\":\"La tradici\u00f3 escrita sobre Mart es remunta diversos segles enrere, amb gran probabilitat\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Mart \u2013 d\u00e9u rom\u00e0 de la guerra","description":"La tradici\u00f3 escrita sobre Mart es remunta diversos segles enrere, amb gran probabilitat","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/mart\/","og_locale":"ca_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"Mart","og_description":"La tradici\u00f3 escrita sobre Mart es remunta diversos segles enrere, amb gran probabilitat","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/mart\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-09-05T16:01:47+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_mars.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/mart\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/mart\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Mart","datePublished":"2026-09-05T15:40:38+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-05T16:01:47+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/mart\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/mart\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_mars.webp","inLanguage":"ca","description":"La tradici\u00f3 escrita sobre Mart es remunta diversos segles enrere, amb gran probabilitat"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/mart\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/mart\/","name":"Mart \u2013 d\u00e9u rom\u00e0 de la guerra","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/mart\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/mart\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_mars.webp","datePublished":"2026-09-05T15:40:38+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-05T16:01:47+00:00","description":"La tradici\u00f3 escrita sobre Mart es remunta diversos segles enrere, amb gran probabilitat","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/mart\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ca","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/mart\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/mart\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_mars.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_mars.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"D\u00e9us de la tradici\u00f3 romana."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/mart\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171333"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Mart"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ca"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/mart\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/mart\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Mart","datePublished":"2026-09-05T15:40:38+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-05T16:01:47+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/mart\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/mart\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_mars.webp","inLanguage":"ca","description":"La tradici\u00f3 escrita sobre Mart es remunta diversos segles enrere, amb gran probabilitat"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/171586","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=171586"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/171586\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1646"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=171586"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=171586"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}