{"id":171571,"date":"2026-09-05T15:40:30","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T15:40:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=171571"},"modified":"2026-09-05T16:01:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T16:01:24","slug":"marena","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/marena\/","title":{"rendered":"Marena"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"171571\" class=\"elementor elementor-171571 elementor-2099 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marena, deessa de la tradici\u00f3 eslava<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena (\u041c\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430, tamb\u00e9 Morana o Marzanna) \u00e9s la deessa eslava de l&#8217;hivern, de la mort i del renaixement. Encarna l&#8217;estaci\u00f3 fosca i la mort com a part del cicle natural, i \u00e9s venerada en rituals que uneixen vida i mort.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00e9u \/ Deessa: Poder suprem personificat en el pante\u00f3 d'una cultura, amb atribucions clares, forces de la natura, dest\u00ed, guerra, fertilitat. Venerat mitjan\u00e7ant cultes, ofrenes i institucions de temple.\">Deessa<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171369\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mitologia i religi\u00f3 popular eslava, superposada amb elements cristians a partir del segle X.\">Eslau<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171461\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"De\u00eftats del m\u00f3n subterrani i de la mort, governants de l'infram\u00f3n, jutges dels morts, guies d'\u00e0nimes.\">Divinitat de la mort<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No s&#039;ha trobat cap encap\\u00e7alament en aquesta p\\u00e0gina.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00cdndex\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_slawisch_marena-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1649\" alt=\"Marena\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_slawisch_marena-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_slawisch_marena-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_slawisch_marena-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_slawisch_marena.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marena<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena es representa com una dona fosca i bella, sovint amb s\u00edmbols de l&#8217;hivern (neu, gel, arbres despullats) i de la mort (ossos, calaveres, foc). A difer\u00e8ncia dels dimonis mal\u00e8vols, Marena \u00e9s una deessa c\u00f2smica que encarna forces necess\u00e0ries, alhora temudes.<\/p><p>Regna sobre els mesos d&#8217;hivern i \u00e9s venerada com a causa de la neu, la gelada i la ru\u00efna de les collites. El seu contrapunt \u00e9s Vesna (deessa de la primavera). Marena \u00e9s ambivalent: destructiva, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 regeneradora; l&#8217;hivern mata perqu\u00e8 la primavera pugui ren\u00e9ixer.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Resum r\u00e0pid: Marena<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena est\u00e0 documentada en col\u00b7leccions etnogr\u00e0fiques de la religi\u00f3 popular eslava (Afan\u00e0ssiev, Ribnikov, S\u00e9chan), encara que menys en fonts escrites primerenques. Els textos primaris s\u00f3n registres de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La cultura popular transmesa amb costums, relats i can\u00e7ons.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklore<\/span> dels segles XIX i XX i estudis etnogr\u00e0fics.<\/p><p>La difusi\u00f3 \u00e9s panneslava: R\u00fassia, Bielor\u00fassia, Ucra\u00efna, Pol\u00f2nia, S\u00e8rbia. Historiadors de les religions com Nora Chadwick i Mathieu-Colas documenten cultes a Marena en rituals estacionals. La figura es reconstrueix en el neopaganisme modern.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Contextualitzaci\u00f3 hist\u00f2rica<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Per\u00edode dels textos<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>El costum de Marzanna es mant\u00e9 viu fins avui, especialment a Pol\u00f2nia, la Rep\u00fablica Txeca, Eslov\u00e0quia i parts d&#8217;altres pa\u00efsos eslaus. En molts llocs, avui en dia escoles i associacions celebren el trasllat i la crema o l&#8217;ofegament de la nina al voltant del 21 de mar\u00e7 com a inici de la primavera.<\/p><p>La forma ha canviat: d&#8217;un ritual estacional seri\u00f3s ha passat a ser, amb el temps, un costum popular, en part de car\u00e0cter tur\u00edstic. Tot i aix\u00f2, el nucli, l&#8217;acomiadament de l&#8217;hivern mitjan\u00e7ant l&#8217;eliminaci\u00f3 d&#8217;una figura de Marzanna, s&#8217;ha conservat i continua sent visible en la cultura festiva regional.<\/p><h3>Classificaci\u00f3 mitol\u00f2gica<\/h3><p>Marena \u00e9s una deessa del fred hivernal i de la mort en la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"El conjunt de relats sobre d\u00e9us transmesos per una cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> eslava. Encarna la meitat fosca de l&#8217;any i les zones frontereres entre vida i mort. No \u00e9s una deessa mal\u00e8vola, sin\u00f3 una for\u00e7a necess\u00e0ria dins el cicle.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c0rea de difusi\u00f3<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena no es limitava a regions concretes, sin\u00f3 que era coneguda i venerada universalment en el m\u00f3n eslau. Tant en centres urbans com en regions rurals, tant entre l&#8217;elit com entre la gent senzilla, el seu significat espiritual era reconegut i respectat de manera constant.<\/p><p>La veneraci\u00f3, o m\u00e9s ben dit l&#8217;expulsi\u00f3 simb\u00f2lica de Marena, s&#8217;estenia per tots els territoris poblats per eslaus, amb variacions regionals del nom: Marzanna a Pol\u00f2nia, Morana a la Rep\u00fablica Txeca i Eslov\u00e0quia, Mara o Morena en altres zones.<\/p><p>Aquesta diversitat ling\u00fc\u00edstica suggereix un fons com\u00fa m\u00e9s antic. Per proximitat, migraci\u00f3 i intercanvi entre les comunitats eslaves, el ritual de primavera es va escampar per \u00e0mplies zones, mantenint-se, per\u00f2, comparable en el seu desenvolupament, el fet de portar i destruir la nina, arreu de les regions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Estat de les fonts<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena est\u00e0 documentada en fonts prim\u00e0ries de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La cultura popular transmesa amb costums, relats i can\u00e7ons.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklore<\/span>, especialment en rondalles i can\u00e7ons populars eslaves (Sbornik russkij nar\u00f3dnyj pesen, col\u00b7leccions de can\u00e7ons populars russes). Les fonts liter\u00e0ries prim\u00e0ries directes s\u00f3n tardanes i no sistem\u00e0tiques.<\/p><p>Literatura secund\u00e0ria: Nora Chadwick (The Slavic Peoples), Mathieu-Colas (Dictionnaire de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"El conjunt de relats sobre d\u00e9us transmesos per una cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> Slave), Linda J. Ivanits (Russian Folk Belief), Vladimir Toporov i Vyacheslav Ivanov (l&#8217;escola Toporov-Ivanov de reconstrucci\u00f3 de la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"El conjunt de relats sobre d\u00e9us transmesos per una cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> indoeuropea). El concepte de Marena es reconstrueix a partir de costums populars i rituals vegetals, no a partir de textos can\u00f2nics com passa amb els d\u00e9us xinesos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Denominaci\u00f3 i grafies<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena es representa amb determinats elements iconogr\u00e0fics codificats simb\u00f2licament que porten un significat profund. Aquests elements transmeten essencialment les funcions, les fonts de poder, les atribucions i el rol c\u00f2smic d&#8217;aquesta entitat. El sistema visual permet als iniciats i a les persones amb bagatge cultural captar-ne el significat profund.<\/p><p>Marena, tamb\u00e9 anomenada Morana o Marzanna, es fa tangible sobretot mitjan\u00e7ant el ritual de la seva nina. Aquesta es trena amb palla, es vesteix amb retalls de tela i cintes, i es cobreix amb draps blancs o una vestimenta clara, que representen simb\u00f2licament la mort i l&#8217;hivern. En algunes regions, la figura porta una corona o collarets fets de closques d&#8217;ou.<\/p><p>A difer\u00e8ncia d&#8217;una representaci\u00f3 fixa de la divinitat, aqu\u00ed el centre \u00e9s la nina, feta de nou cada any, l&#8217;aspecte de la qual varia localment per\u00f2 mant\u00e9 trets recurrents. La combinaci\u00f3 de palla, tela clara i signes hivernals remet al seu paper com a encarnaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;estaci\u00f3 freda que s&#8217;ha esgotat.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caracter\u00edstiques<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena era central en la pr\u00e0ctica religiosa i en la comprensi\u00f3 quotidiana dels eslaus. Les persones s&#8217;adre\u00e7aven a aquesta entitat en situacions cr\u00edtiques o en determinades \u00e8poques rituals de l&#8217;any, mitjan\u00e7ant rituals estructurats, preg\u00e0ries o ofrenes. La pr\u00e0ctica es transmetia de manera precisa i sovint era dirigida per sacerdots o especialistes.<\/p><p>El costum associat a Marena tenia una funci\u00f3 estacional clara. Al final de l&#8217;hivern, tradicionalment al voltant de l&#8217;equinocci de primavera, la nina Marzanna era portada en process\u00f3 pel poble i despr\u00e9s cremada o llan\u00e7ada a un curs d&#8217;aigua, de vegades ambdues coses successivament.<\/p><p>Amb aix\u00f2 es volia expulsar simb\u00f2licament l&#8217;hivern i afavorir l&#8217;arribada de la primavera i la fertilitat. El costum es va transmetre durant molt temps als territoris eslaus perqu\u00e8 marcava la transici\u00f3 cap al per\u00edode de creixement i es celebrava comunit\u00e0riament.<\/p><h3>Aparen\u00e7a i simbolisme<\/h3><p>Marena apareix com una dona magra i vella, vestida de blanc o amb mortalles. S&#8217;associa amb el gel i la neu. En algunes representacions porta una dalla. El blanc i el gris s\u00f3n els seus colors.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fitxa: Marena<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La fitxa tracta Marena des de sis perspectives: el seu origen cosmol\u00f2gic com a deessa de l&#8217;hivern i de la mort, els grups que li retien culte ritual (pagesos, de manera estacional), la seva iconografia i aparen\u00e7a ombr\u00edvola, el seu paper en els rituals f\u00fanebres i en la reafirmaci\u00f3 del cicle, aix\u00ed com els paral\u00b7lelismes en cultures properes. Aquestes dimensions mostren el seu paper central en el sistema de la roda de l&#8217;any eslava.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L'origen de Marena<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena s&#8217;associa geogr\u00e0ficament i cosmol\u00f2gicament amb l&#8217;hivern i el nord. El seu origen cultural \u00e9s protoeslau, probablement prehist\u00f2ric, ja que les de\u00eftats de l&#8217;hivern apareixen en moltes cultures indoeuropees. Els testimonis escrits s\u00f3n tardans i sovint alterats pel cristianisme.<\/p><p>Des del punt de vista de la hist\u00f2ria de les religions, Marena s&#8217;ent\u00e9n com una especialitzaci\u00f3 d&#8217;una deessa general de la mort i el renaixement, la funci\u00f3 de la qual es va consolidar amb els cicles agr\u00edcoles estacionals. El seu nom podria provenir de l&#8217;arrel eslau-indoeuropea *mer (morir).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Relacionat amb<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena era venerada principalment per pagesos i pastors en rituals hivernals, especialment en fases de transici\u00f3 (la primera nevada, el solstici d&#8217;hivern, el final de l&#8217;hivern). Festes i rituals com el Maslenitsa (festa de la mantega, comiat de l&#8217;hivern-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una seq\u00fc\u00e8ncia regulada d'accions simb\u00f2liques amb significat religi\u00f3s o cultural.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span>) eren ocasions dedicades a Marena.<\/p><p>Les dones tenien papers especials en els rituals de Marena: encendre fogueres o confeccionar figures de Marena (nines) que despr\u00e9s es cremaven o es llan\u00e7aven als rius (expulsar Marena). El culte era estacional i c\u00edclic, no permanent al llarg de tot l&#8217;any com el de Domovoi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aparen\u00e7a<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena es representa com una dona bella per\u00f2 ombr\u00edvola, sovint vestida de fosc, amb cabells blancs o grisos. Els seus atributs s\u00f3n la neu, el gel, els ossos, una fal\u00e7 (com la segadora de les Parques) o un s\u00edmbol de foc-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un signe que representa una idea o un significat.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00edmbol<\/span>. De vegades se la mostra alada, per suggerir la seva rapidesa i inevitabilitat.<\/p><p>En l&#8217;art popular es representa com a temible i fascinant alhora. Els seus colors s\u00f3n el blanc (la neu), el negre (la foscor) i el vermell (la vida i el foc). La seva iconografia \u00e9s espantosa per\u00f2 no exageradament mal\u00e8vola, m\u00e9s b\u00e9 melanc\u00f2licament-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pertanyent al div\u00ed i, per tant, sostret de l'\u00fas quotidi\u00e0.\" tabindex=\"0\">sagrada<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Activitat<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u00c0mbit d&#8217;acci\u00f3:<\/strong> Marena (tamb\u00e9 anomenada Morena, Mara) simbolitza l&#8217;hivern, la mort i la frontera entre la vida i l&#8217;altre m\u00f3n. \u00c9s deessa de la descomposici\u00f3 i el renaixement: cada any es crema la seva nina (el ritual de la cremaci\u00f3) per expulsar l&#8217;hivern i cridar la primavera.<\/p><p>Cavalca cavalls blancs sobre la neu i el gel. No \u00e9s mal\u00e8vola, sin\u00f3 necess\u00e0ria: la for\u00e7a que fa envellir totes les coses i les fa ren\u00e9ixer.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">La protecci\u00f3 davant Marena<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena \u00e9s una deessa c\u00f2smica, ni bona ni dolenta, sin\u00f3 necess\u00e0ria. El seu culte es duu a terme mitjan\u00e7ant rituals estacionals per recon\u00e8ixer el seu poder i demanar un hivern suau o una primavera r\u00e0pida.<\/p><p>El <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una seq\u00fc\u00e8ncia regulada d'accions simb\u00f2liques amb significat religi\u00f3s o cultural.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> de la nina de Marena (la festa de Shrovetide) era una barreja de veneraci\u00f3 i expulsi\u00f3 simb\u00f2lica: la nina (Marena) es cremava o es llan\u00e7ava a l&#8217;aigua per posar fi a l&#8217;hivern i invocar la primavera. Els rituals de protecci\u00f3 consistien en s\u00edmbols de foc i preg\u00e0ries. El culte era c\u00f2smic i c\u00edclic, i reconeixia Marena com una for\u00e7a necess\u00e0ria en el cicle de l&#8217;any, no com una entitat hostil a combatre.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c9ssers relacionats<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Es poden comparar altres de\u00eftats de l&#8217;hivern i la mort: Hades o Pers\u00e8fone en la tradici\u00f3 grecoromana (de\u00eftats de la mort), la n\u00f2rdica Hel (deessa del m\u00f3n subterrani), H\u00e8cate en la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"El conjunt de relats m\u00edtics transmesos d'una cultura sobre els seus d\u00e9us.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> grega (deessa dels llindars i de la mort), i Kali a l&#8217;hinduisme (deessa de la destrucci\u00f3 i el renaixement). Totes comparteixen la naturalesa ambivalent entre destrucci\u00f3 i regeneraci\u00f3, aix\u00ed com l&#8217;aspecte c\u00edclic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marena, paral\u00b7lelismes en altres cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena s&#8217;inscriu en la s\u00e8rie de deesses de la mort i la renovaci\u00f3 estacional, i paral\u00b7lelitza compositivament la Pers\u00e8fone hel\u00b7len\u00edstica i la Isis plorosa eg\u00edpcia. El seu cicle hivern-primavera es concreta en el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"El conjunt de costums transmesos d'una comunitat.\" tabindex=\"0\">costumari<\/span> eslau mitjan\u00e7ant la crema o l&#8217;ofegament <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Que pertany a un procediment religi\u00f3s establert.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> d&#8217;un ninot de palla, una pr\u00e0ctica que en aquesta forma no t\u00e9 una correspond\u00e8ncia directa a la Mediterr\u00e0nia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tradici\u00f3 jueva:<\/strong> En el judaisme no hi ha una deessa directa de l&#8217;hivern o de la mort com Marena. El d\u00e9u JHWH controla les estacions i la mort, per\u00f2 sense antropomorfitzar-se com a deessa femenina. Tanmateix, la c\u00e0bala coneix Binah com a \u00abmare\u00bb i advers\u00e0ria c\u00f2smica (Gevur\u00e0\/Rigor com a vessant destructiu), la qual cosa ofereix un paral\u00b7lelisme conceptual lluny\u00e0.<\/p><p><strong>M\u00f3n grecorom\u00e0:<\/strong> Pers\u00e8fone com a reina de l&#8217;infram\u00f3n i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un signe que representa una idea o significat.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00edmbol<\/span> de l&#8217;hivern (mig any sota terra) s&#8217;assembla a Marena. Tamb\u00e9 H\u00e8cate \u00e9s una deessa de la foscor i dels llindars. La difer\u00e8ncia \u00e9s que Pers\u00e8fone i H\u00e8cate s\u00f3n m\u00e9s aviat figures mitol\u00f2giques amb rols estables que deesses de cicles c\u00f2smics com Marena. H\u00e8cate \u00e9s bruixa i guardiana, no una deessa de les estacions.<\/p><p><strong>Mesopot\u00e0mia:<\/strong> La deessa Ereixkigal governa l&#8217;infram\u00f3n (Kur), de manera semblant al domini de Marena sobre l&#8217;hivern. Per\u00f2 Ereixkigal no \u00e9s estacional; \u00e9s est\u00e0tica en el seu domini infernal. No hi ha cap aspecte de cicle estacional com el de Marena.<\/p><p><strong>\u00cdndia\/\u00c0sia:<\/strong> Kali o Durga en l&#8217;hinduisme encarnen una feminitat destructiva-regenerativa semblant a Marena. En el taoisme hi ha el Yin (fosc, fred) com a principi que correspon a l&#8217;hivern, per\u00f2 no com a deessa personalitzada. En el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sistema religi\u00f3s en qu\u00e8 uns especialistes es comuniquen amb el m\u00f3n dels esperits.\" tabindex=\"0\">xamanisme<\/span> japon\u00e8s hi ha d\u00e9us de l&#8217;infram\u00f3n com Izanami, vinculats a la mort. Totes aquestes tradicions comparteixen la feminitat de la mort i la regeneraci\u00f3 c\u00edclica.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd5d54a1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpd5d54a1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe274c99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpe274c99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">El problema de les fonts sobre el pante\u00f3 eslau<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7d012d9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp7d012d9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0032283 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp0032283\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Qui s&#8217;apropa a Marena, tamb\u00e9 anomenada Morana, Mara o Marzanna, ha de tenir en compte primer la dif\u00edcil situaci\u00f3 de fonts sobre la religi\u00f3 eslava.<\/p><p>Els eslaus pagans no van deixar textos religiosos propis, la cristianitzaci\u00f3 es va produir al llarg de diversos segles, i el que sabem dels seus d\u00e9us prov\u00e9 sobretot de tres tipus de fonts: dels informes de cronistes cristians, d&#8217;escrits eclesi\u00e0stics posteriors que prohibien els costums pagans, i de la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La transmissi\u00f3 de coneixements i relats al llarg de generacions.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici\u00f3<\/span> folkl\u00f2rica de l&#8217;edat moderna.<\/p><p>Per a Marena, els testimonis medievals s\u00f3n escassos. A difer\u00e8ncia, per exemple, del perun eslau oriental, apareix ben poc en les cr\u00f2niques primerenques com a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9sser venerat com a div\u00ed dins d'una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">divinitat<\/span> venerada.<\/p><p>El que se&#8217;n sap es basa sobretot en fonts tardanes de l&#8217;\u00e0rea eslava occidental, principalment de Pol\u00f2nia, Tx\u00e8quia i Eslov\u00e0quia, aix\u00ed com en els costums de comen\u00e7ament de primavera que van perdurar fins a l&#8217;edat moderna.<\/p><p>Una font important, sovint citada, \u00e9s el cronista polon\u00e8s Jan D\u0142ugosz, del segle quinz\u00e8, que en la seva hist\u00f2ria de Pol\u00f2nia va intentar equiparar els antics d\u00e9us eslaus amb divinitats romanes. Aquestes construccions erudites s&#8217;han de tractar amb prud\u00e8ncia, ja que interpreten el material eslau a trav\u00e9s d&#8217;una lent <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c8poca de la cultura grega i romana, aproximadament del 800 aC al 600 dC.\" tabindex=\"0\">antiga<\/span>.<\/p><p>La conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia des de la ci\u00e8ncia de la religi\u00f3 \u00e9s clara. No es pot tra\u00e7ar una imatge segura i unificada d&#8217;una deessa Marena de l&#8217;\u00e8poca pagana. El que es pot copsar amb certesa \u00e9s, sobretot, la figura ritualitzada del costum de primavera: un ninot de palla anomenat Marzanna o Morena, que es passeja i es destrueix.<\/p><p>Si darrere hi ha realment una <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9sser venerat com a div\u00ed dins d'una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">divinitat<\/span> veneradaentre els eslaus pagans, i en quina forma, \u00e9s q\u00fcesti\u00f3 controvertida en la investigaci\u00f3. Aquesta incertesa forma part d&#8217;una presentaci\u00f3 honesta de la figura.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd610a66 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpd610a66\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp75c7cd5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp75c7cd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">El passeig i la destrucci\u00f3 de la Marzanna com a ritual de primavera<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5897b73 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5897b73\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb48ef19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpb48ef19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>El testimoni m\u00e9s segur de Marena es troba en el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una pr\u00e0ctica transmesa i repetida regularment en una comunitat.\" tabindex=\"0\">costum<\/span> eslau occidental, molt dif\u00f3s, de l&#8217;inici de la primavera, que es celebra encara avui a Pol\u00f2nia, la Rep\u00fablica Txeca, Eslov\u00e0quia i regions ve\u00efnes.<\/p><p>El centre de la celebraci\u00f3 \u00e9s una nina de palla, sovint vestida amb roba femenina, anomenada Marzanna, Morena o amb noms similars. Encarna l&#8217;hivern, la mort i l&#8217;entumiment de l&#8217;estaci\u00f3 freda.<\/p><p>El <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una pr\u00e0ctica transmesa i repetida regularment en una comunitat.\" tabindex=\"0\">costum<\/span> se celebra tradicionalment al voltant de l&#8217;inici astron\u00f2mic de la primavera o el quart diumenge de Quaresma. La comunitat, sovint infants i joves, porta la nina en process\u00f3 pel poble i despr\u00e9s fora, sovint cantant.<\/p><p>Al final, la Marzanna \u00e9s destru\u00efda: es crema, es llan\u00e7a a un curs d&#8217;aigua o ambdues coses successivament. En molts llocs es considera perill\u00f3s tocar la nina mentre s&#8217;enfonsa o girar-se per mirar-la mentre es torna cap enrere.<\/p><p>Sovint, a l&#8217;expulsi\u00f3 de la Marzanna s&#8217;hi oposa un segon acte contrari: l&#8217;acollida de la primavera o de l&#8217;estiu, simbolitzada per una branca verda, un arbret decorat o una altra nina. El <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una pr\u00e0ctica transmesa i repetida regularment en una comunitat.\" tabindex=\"0\">costum<\/span> constitueix aix\u00ed un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una seq\u00fc\u00e8ncia ordenada d'accions simb\u00f2liques amb significat religi\u00f3s o cultural.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> en dues parts: la mort i l&#8217;hivern fred s\u00f3n expulsats, mentre s&#8217;introdueix la vida i l&#8217;estaci\u00f3 c\u00e0lida.<\/p><p>Des del punt de vista de l&#8217;etnologia, aquest <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una pr\u00e0ctica transmesa i repetida regularment en una comunitat.\" tabindex=\"0\">costum<\/span> s&#8217;interpreta com un ritual de transici\u00f3 i de purificaci\u00f3 que acompanya el canvi d&#8217;estaci\u00f3 i l&#8217;ajuda <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Que pertany a una seq\u00fc\u00e8ncia d'accions religioses establerta.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritualment<\/span>. L&#8217;Esgl\u00e9sia medieval va lluitar contra la difusi\u00f3 d&#8217;aquestes nines, la qual cosa demostra que el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una pr\u00e0ctica transmesa i repetida regularment en una comunitat.\" tabindex=\"0\">costum<\/span> era percebut com <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Des del punt de vista cristi\u00e0: pertanyent a una religi\u00f3 preexistent o no cristiana.\" tabindex=\"0\">pag\u00e0<\/span>, i precisament aquesta resist\u00e8ncia eclesi\u00e0stica \u00e9s una de les fonts m\u00e9s importants per con\u00e8ixer-ne l&#8217;antiguitat.<\/p><p>Si la nina va representar originalment una deessa o va ser des del principi una personificaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;hivern, no es pot decidir a partir del <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una pr\u00e0ctica transmesa i repetida regularment en una comunitat.\" tabindex=\"0\">costum<\/span> per si sol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp212838e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp212838e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6060732 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp6060732\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marena com a deessa de la mort i de l'hivern<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0bac407 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp0bac407\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc986f3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpc986f3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A partir del costum de primavera i d&#8217;indicis ling\u00fc\u00edstics, la recerca ha reconstru\u00eft la imatge d&#8217;una deessa eslava de la mort, de l&#8217;hivern i de l&#8217;entumiment, tot i que cal subratllar sempre el car\u00e0cter hipot\u00e8tic d&#8217;aquesta reconstrucci\u00f3.<\/p><p>El nom mateix ofereix una pista: pertany a una fam\u00edlia de paraules relacionada amb una arrel indoeuropea amb el significat de morir, a la qual tamb\u00e9 pertanyen el llat\u00ed <em>mors<\/em>, la mort, i paraules per a assassinat i mort en diverses lleng\u00fces. Tamb\u00e9 es discuteix la relaci\u00f3 amb l&#8217;\u00e9sser opressor nocturn, la <em>mara<\/em> eslava i la Mahr germ\u00e0nica.<\/p><p>D&#8217;aix\u00f2 se&#8217;n deriva una interpretaci\u00f3 de Marena com a encarnaci\u00f3 de les forces contr\u00e0ries a la vida: el fred, la fosca, l&#8217;aturada de la vegetaci\u00f3 i la mort. En aquesta lectura, ella \u00e9s la contrapartida hivernal a les forces de la primavera i de la fertilitat.<\/p><p>Alguns investigadors, sobretot en la tradici\u00f3 polonesa i txeca, l&#8217;han interpretada com una deessa ambivalent, que no nom\u00e9s porta terror, sin\u00f3 que tamb\u00e9 forma part del cicle necessari, ja que sense hivern no hi ha primavera, i sense mort no hi ha renovaci\u00f3.<\/p><p>Representacions m\u00e9s recents, sobretot de divulgaci\u00f3 cient\u00edfica i neopagana, han desenvolupat Marena com una deessa de la mort ben elaborada, amb una biografia fixa, parentiu i funci\u00f3. Aquestes imatges s\u00f3n atractives, per\u00f2 no estan fonamentades des del punt de vista de la cr\u00edtica de fonts; sovint aporten a la figura m\u00e9s de la imaginaci\u00f3 moderna que de la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La transmissi\u00f3 de coneixements i relats al llarg de generacions.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici\u00f3<\/span> medieval.<\/p><p>La posici\u00f3 cient\u00edfica seriosa continua sent prudent. Hi ha bons motius per suposar que darrere del <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una pr\u00e0ctica transmesa i repetida regularment en una comunitat.\" tabindex=\"0\">costum<\/span> i del nom hi ha la idea d&#8217;una for\u00e7a hivernal i mort\u00edfera personificada.<\/p><p>Ara b\u00e9, una deessa Marena venerada en un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"El conjunt de pr\u00e0ctiques de veneraci\u00f3 religiosa d'una divinitat o figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culte<\/span> amb un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un relat transm\u00e8s sobre d\u00e9us, or\u00edgens i l'ordre del m\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">mite<\/span> elaborat no es pot documentar amb seguretat a partir de les fonts conservades. Marena \u00e9s, doncs, un cas exemplar dels l\u00edmits del nostre coneixement de la religi\u00f3 eslava.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enlla\u00e7os relacionats<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171369\">Cultures eslaves<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171516\">Perun, tro i renovaci\u00f3<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171472\">Hel, deessa germ\u00e0nica de l&#8217;infram\u00f3n<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171468\">Hades, d\u00e9u grec de l&#8217;infram\u00f3n<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bibliografia de recerca<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Ivanits, Linda: <em>Russian Folk Belief<\/em>. M.E. Sharpe, 1989.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Hubbs, Joanna: <em>Mother Russia. The Feminine Myth in Russian Culture<\/em>. Indiana University Press, 1988.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Gimbutas, Marija: <em>The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe<\/em>. Thames and Hudson, 1982.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Roux, Valentina: <em>Ancient Slavic Religion<\/em>. Routledge, 1999.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1649,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Marena","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Marena - Encarna l'estaci\u00f3 fosca i la mort","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Marena, deessa eslava de l'hivern i de la mort. Ritual del desgel cap a la primavera, la seva cremaci\u00f3 com a costum de Maslenitsa i parentiu amb Morana.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"slawisch","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-171571","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Marena - Encarna l&#039;estaci\u00f3 fosca i la mort<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Marena, deessa eslava de l&#039;hivern i de la mort. 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