{"id":171528,"date":"2026-09-05T15:40:09","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T15:40:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=171528"},"modified":"2026-09-05T16:00:12","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T16:00:12","slug":"yama-jutge-dels-morts","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\/","title":{"rendered":"Yama (jutge dels morts)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"171528\" class=\"elementor elementor-171528 elementor-2015 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama budisme, d\u00e9u de la tradici\u00f3 budista<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yama budisme \u00e9s d\u00e9u de la tradici\u00f3 budista.<\/p><p><strong>El d\u00e9u budista dels morts i jutge de les \u00e0nimes despr\u00e9s de la mort.<\/strong><\/p><p>Yama actua en el budisme com a jutge del karma i administrador dels mons infernals.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00e9u \/ Deessa: Poder suprem personificat dins el pante\u00f3 d'una cultura, amb \u00e0mbits d'actuaci\u00f3 clars, forces de la natura, dest\u00ed, guerra, fertilitat. Venerat mitjan\u00e7ant cultes, ofrenes i institucions de temple.\">D\u00e9u<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171394\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tradici\u00f3 budista amb bodhisattvas, de\u00eftats protectores, esperits famolencs i guardians de l'infern.\">Budisme<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171461\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00e9us del m\u00f3n inferior i de la mort, sobirans de l'ultratomba, jutges dels morts, guies d'\u00e0nimes.\">De\u00eftat de la mort<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No s&#039;ha trobat cap encap\\u00e7alament en aquesta p\\u00e0gina.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00cdndex\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_yama-totenrichter-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1740\" alt=\"Yama (jutge dels morts)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_yama-totenrichter-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_yama-totenrichter-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_yama-totenrichter-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_yama-totenrichter.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama budisme<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">D'un cop d'ull: Yama budisme<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tipus:<\/strong> De\u00eftat principal budista (Mahayana, Vajrayana), jutge dels morts i guardi\u00e0 del <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions \u00edndies, la doctrina i l'ordre correcte de l'acci\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">Dharma<\/span><br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"El conjunt de d\u00e9us d'una religi\u00f3 o cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pante\u00f3<\/span>: Budisme (totes les escoles), pres del Yama hinduista<br>Funci\u00f3: jutge dels morts, guardi\u00e0 de la legalitat k\u00e0rmica, en la tradici\u00f3 tibetana de\u00eftat col\u00e8rica (wrathful deity)<br>Atributs principals: llibre dels morts, mirall del karma, espasa (Khadga), lla\u00e7 (Pasha), b\u00fafal negre<br>Principals llocs de culte: monestirs Gelug tibetans (dansa Cham), Jap\u00f3 (Enma-O), Vietnam (Yamaraja)<br>Diverses formes: Yama-Dharmaraja (Tibet), Enma-O (Jap\u00f3), Yeomra (Corea), Yanluo (Xina)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introducci\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Per\u00edode dels textos<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yama es transmet amb el budisme des de l&#8217;\u00cdndia a tots els pa\u00efsos budistes (precedent v\u00e8dic al <em>Rigveda<\/em>, a partir del 1200 aC). En la tradici\u00f3 pali (Theravada) \u00e9s el principal examinador en el judici dels morts.<\/p><p>En el Mahayana amb un corpus propi de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En l'hinduisme i el budisme, un text doctrinal en forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> (per exemple, el <em>Devadhamma-Sutta<\/em>). Al Tibet, des del segle VIII dC, \u00e9s central com a <em>Yama-Dharmaraja<\/em> en els panteons de de\u00eftats col\u00e8riques de la tradici\u00f3 Vajrayana. \u00c8poca de m\u00e0xim esplendor: en els monestirs Gelug tibetans fins avui, amb espectaculars danses Cham.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c0rea de difusi\u00f3<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Principals llocs de culte: <strong>monestirs Gelug<\/strong> tibetans (Drepung, Sera, Gand\u00e4n, Tashilhunpo, amb les danses Cham de Yama-Dharmaraja), <strong>Jap\u00f3<\/strong> com a Enma-O (en cada <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una construcci\u00f3 destinada a la veneraci\u00f3 d'una o diverses de\u00eftats.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> dels morts), <strong>Vietnam<\/strong> com a Di\u00eam V\u01b0\u01a1ng. Als pa\u00efsos theravada (Tail\u00e0ndia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka) com a pres\u00e8ncia c\u00f2smica de fons. A la Xina com a <em>Yanluo<\/em> (p\u00e0gina pr\u00f2pia).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Estat de les fonts<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fonts centrals: <em>Devadhamma-Sutta<\/em> (pali), <em>Yama <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En l'hinduisme i el budisme, un text doctrinal de forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span><\/em> (xin\u00e8s), <em>Bardo Thodol<\/em> tibet\u00e0 (&bdquo;Llibre tibet\u00e0 dels morts&ldquo;, font cl\u00e0ssica de la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'estudi cient\u00edfic de D\u00e9u i de la fe d'una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> de Yama Dharmaraja), textos t\u00e0ntrics sobre la sadhana de Yama Dharmaraja. Bibliografia secund\u00e0ria: Lopez, <em>The Tibetan Book of the Dead. A Biography<\/em>; Linrothe, <em>Ruthless Compassion. Wrathful Deities in Early Indo-Tibetan Esoteric Buddhist Art<\/em>; Williams, <em>Mahayana Buddhism<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nom<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>El Yama budista es representa sovint amb cap de bou, banyes massives, rostre terror\u00edfic, pell negra o blau fosc. De vegades t\u00e9 dos o quatre bra\u00e7os. Porta un <em>damaru<\/em> (bast\u00f3 fet d&#8217;ossos de mort) i un lla\u00e7 fet de corda d&#8217;\u00e0nimes.<\/p><p>Al seu voltant ballen dimonis i yakshes. El foc l&#8217;envolta; li degota sang de la boca. En l&#8217;art tibet\u00e0 sovint seu en una cova o al seu palau a Naraka.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Trets caracter\u00edstics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yama en la doctrina budista no \u00e9s c\u00e0stig, sin\u00f3 mirall. El judici de Yama \u00e9s autom\u00e0tic: tota acci\u00f3 (<em>karma<\/em>) tindr\u00e0 la seva conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia. En les pr\u00e0ctiques t\u00e0ntriques no se suplica clem\u00e8ncia a Yama, sin\u00f3 que es visualitza com a mestre de la imperman\u00e8ncia.<\/p><p>Els ritus f\u00fanebres del budisme tibet\u00e0 s&#8217;adrecen directament a Yama, demanant que obri a l&#8217;\u00e0nima un cam\u00ed favorable pel <em>bardo<\/em>. Els practicants aprenen a trobar-se amb Yama sense por.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fitxa: Yama budisme<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Els aspectes m\u00e9s importants de Yama (budisme) d&#8217;un cop d&#8217;ull. Els camps seg\u00fcents resumeixen origen, funci\u00f3, aparen\u00e7a, veneraci\u00f3, s\u00edmbols i paral\u00b7lelismes culturals.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Origen de Yama budisme<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yama es pren en el budisme del Yama hinduista (el primer mort v\u00e8dic), conserva la funci\u00f3 de jutge dels morts, per\u00f2 es reinterpreta bud\u00edsticament: no \u00e9s un jutge arbitrari, sin\u00f3 un mediador-mirall del karma.<\/p><p>En el sistema tibet\u00e0 del Bardo Th\u00f6dol, apareix al difunt en l&#8217;estat de bardo entre la mort i el renaixement; el seu mirall mostra al mort el seu propi karma, sense que Yama mateix jutgi. El c\u00e0stig sorgeix de la pr\u00f2pia reacci\u00f3 k\u00e0rmica. En la seva forma col\u00e8rica com a Yama-Dharmaraja: protector del <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions \u00edndies, la doctrina i l'ordre correcte de l'acci\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">Dharma<\/span> contra totes les amenaces.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c0mbit d'actuaci\u00f3 de Yama budisme<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jutge dels morts en l&#8217;estat de bardo. Guardi\u00e0 de la legalitat k\u00e0rmica. En la tradici\u00f3 t\u00e0ntrica Vajrayana, yidam protector (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9sser venerat com a div\u00ed dins d'una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">de\u00eftat<\/span> de meditaci\u00f3) contra totes les amenaces internes i externes, especialment contra la por de la mort. Patr\u00f3 de la pr\u00e0ctica d&#8217;examen (mirar honestament els propis actes). En les danses Cham tibetanes, record ritual de la mortalitat.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aparen\u00e7a de Yama budisme<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En la majoria de tradicions asi\u00e0tiques se&#8217;l representa antropom\u00f2rficament com un funcionari sever amb el llibre dels morts i un c\u00e0lam. En la tradici\u00f3 tibetana Vajrayana, com a <em>Yama-Dharmaraja<\/em>: figura wrathful de color blau fosc o negre amb cap de b\u00fafal, tres ulls, cabells flamejants i aur\u00e8ola flamejant.<\/p><p>Ornaments d&#8217;ossos, faldilla de pell de tigre. A les mans porta una copa de crani (Kapala), un khatvanga (ceptre-crani), un lla\u00e7 (Pasha) i una espasa. Munta un b\u00fafal negre que trepitja un \u00e9sser hum\u00e0. L&#8217;acompanya la seva germana Yami.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L'acci\u00f3 de Yama en el budisme<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u00c0mbit d&#8217;actuaci\u00f3:<\/strong> en el Bardo Th\u00f6dol tibet\u00e0, Yama apareix com una manifestaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;estat de bardo, i els moribunds es preparen per a aquesta trobada. En les danses cham tibetanes es representa una confrontaci\u00f3 ritual amb el jutge dels morts (amb m\u00e0scares dram\u00e0tiques). En la pr\u00e0ctica t\u00e0ntrica es medita com a yidam protector. En els ritus funeraris theravada i mahayana actua com a intermediari de fons del karma. Al Jap\u00f3, com a Enma-O, ocupa un lloc central en tots els cementiris budistes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">La defensa contra Yama en el budisme<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Llibre dels morts, mirall del karma (Karma-Darpana), espasa (Khadga), lla\u00e7 (Pasha), b\u00fafal negre (muntura), khatvanga (ceptre-crani), kapala (copa-crani), cap de b\u00fafal (en la forma wrathful tibetana), tercer ull, cabells flamejants. Plantes sagrades: cap en concret. Direcci\u00f3 sagrada: el sud (en la tradici\u00f3 \u00edndia).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paral\u00b7lelismes de Yama en el budisme<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Yama<\/em> (hinduisme, arrel), <em>Yamaraja<\/em> (hinduisme \/ budisme), <em>Yama-Dharmaraja<\/em> (Tibet, forma wrathful vajrayana), <em>Enma-O<\/em> (Jap\u00f3), <em>Yeomra<\/em> (Corea), <em>Yanluo<\/em> (Xina, primer dels Deu Reis de l&#8217;Infern), <em>Hades<\/em> (Gr\u00e8cia), <em>Anubis\/Osiris<\/em> (Egipte, guia + jutge), <em>Hel<\/em> (germ\u00e0nic), <em>Mictlantecuhtli<\/em> (asteca). Yama \u00e9s un dels conceptes divins m\u00e9s estesos del m\u00f3n, des de l&#8217;\u00cdndia fins a tota \u00c0sia i el Jap\u00f3.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Defensa pr\u00e0ctica<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Rituals de defensa<\/strong><\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una seq\u00fc\u00e8ncia regulada d'accions simb\u00f2liques amb significat religi\u00f3s o cultural.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritual<\/span> budista de defensa contra Yama: recitaci\u00f3 de textos dharani i invocacions a bodhisattves en moments de perill (proc\u00e9s de mort, experi\u00e8ncies properes a la mort). Els rituals de foc goma (ofrenes de foc tibetanes) es dirigeixen contra el c\u00e0stig de Yama. Les tradicions de cants utilitzen mantres de les divinitats de la compassi\u00f3 per suavitzar les sent\u00e8ncies de Yama. Pr\u00e0ctica popular xinesa budista: bitllets de paper cremats al <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un edifici dedicat a la veneraci\u00f3 d'una o diverses divinitats.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> de l&#8217;Emperador de Jade per aplacar el jutge Yama.<\/p><p><strong>Invocacions i encantaments<\/strong><\/p><p>Els mantres de Jizo (bodhisattva de l&#8217;infern) i les invocacions a Avalokiteshvara es consideren defenses contra el c\u00e0stig de Yama. Es recita el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En l'hinduisme i el budisme, un text doctrinal en forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> de la Gran Compassi\u00f3 (Karuna-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En l'hinduisme i el budisme, un text doctrinal en forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span>). En el tibet\u00e0: la visualitzaci\u00f3 de Yamantaka en el Guhyasamaja Tantra, que representa la derrota agressiva de Yama pel \u00abvencedor de dimonis Yamantaka\u00bb. Text original en s\u00e0nscrit: \u00abOm j\u00f1ana-jyoti <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions \u00edndies, la doctrina i l'ordre correcte de l'acci\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">dharma<\/span> dhara Yamantaka hum phat\u00bb.<\/p><p><strong>Amulets i s\u00edmbols de protecci\u00f3<\/strong><\/p><p>Est\u00e0tues de Jizo com a s\u00edmbols de protecci\u00f3 en temples xinesos i japonesos. Bra\u00e7alet budista (mala) de 108 grans, vinculat <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Que pertany a una seq\u00fc\u00e8ncia d'accions religioses establerta.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritualment<\/span> a l&#8217;aplacament dels guardians de l&#8217;infern. Proves arqueol\u00f2giques: esteles budistes del segle VII a la Xina i Corea que confronten el jutge Yama amb bodhisattves salvadors.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama en el budisme, paral\u00b7lelismes en altres cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>El Yama budista s&#8217;assembla al Yama hind\u00fa, per\u00f2 \u00e9s menys \u00abjutge\u00bb i m\u00e9s \u00abencarnaci\u00f3 de la llei\u00bb. Amb la mort cristiana (<em>Thanatos<\/em> o el <em>Grim Reaper<\/em>) comparteix la inevitabilitat.<\/p><p>En el context tibet\u00e0, Yama \u00e9s un dharmapala, un \u00abprotector del <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions \u00edndies, la doctrina i l'ordre correcte de l'acci\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">Dharma<\/span>\u00bb, semblant a Kali o Bhairava en l&#8217;hinduisme. El color negre i la figura ferotge s\u00f3n universals per als d\u00e9us de la mort.<\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfc795b0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpfc795b0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcfb77e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpcfb77e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama entre l'her\u00e8ncia v\u00e8dica i la reinterpretaci\u00f3 budista<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp680eb01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp680eb01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4042dbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp4042dbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La figura budista de Yama no va sorgir de manera aut\u00f2noma, sin\u00f3 que prov\u00e9 d&#8217;una <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9sser venerat com a div\u00ed dins d'una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">divinitat<\/span> \u00edndia m\u00e9s antiga. En l&#8217;\u00cdndia v\u00e8dica, en els himnes del <em>Rigveda<\/em>, Yama \u00e9s el primer hum\u00e0 que va morir i, per tant, el rei dels morts, que va trobar el cam\u00ed cap a l&#8217;altra vida.<\/p><p>Governa un regne llumin\u00f3s on es reuneixen els avantpassats difunts, i \u00e9s m\u00e9s aviat un receptor amable dels morts que un jutge castigador.<\/p><p>El budisme va adoptar Yama, per\u00f2 va transformar considerablement la seva funci\u00f3. En la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La concepci\u00f3 de l'estructura i l'ordre del m\u00f3n dins d'una cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">cosmologia<\/span> budista, Yama esdev\u00e9 el senyor de l&#8217;infram\u00f3n i el jutge que decideix el renaixement dels difunts, sobretot qui entra en els regnes infernals.<\/p><p>Aquest canvi, de receptor dels benaurats a jutge dels culpables, es relaciona amb la doctrina central budista del <em>karma<\/em>: el dest\u00ed despr\u00e9s de la mort resulta dels actes, i Yama es converteix en la inst\u00e0ncia que representa aquesta relaci\u00f3.<\/p><p>\u00c9s important la visi\u00f3 de la ci\u00e8ncia de les religions segons la qual, en l&#8217;estricta comprensi\u00f3 budista, Yama no jutja pel seu propi arbitri. Els textos insisteixen repetidament que el propi <em>karma<\/em> determina el renaixement, i que Yama m\u00e9s b\u00e9 mostra al difunt els seus propis actes.<\/p><p>Una par\u00e0bola coneguda del <em>Devaduta Sutta<\/em> del c\u00e0non pali fa que Yama mostri al difunt els missatgers divins, la vellesa, la malaltia i la mort, i li pregunti si no havia notat aquests avisos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcdbb663 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpcdbb663\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp67c8373 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp67c8373\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama en el budisme tibet\u00e0 i la roda de la vida<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc472e02 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpc472e02\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa4c936b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa4c936b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En el budisme tibet\u00e0, Yama va assolir una import\u00e0ncia iconogr\u00e0fica i ritual especialment destacada. Aqu\u00ed apareix sobretot com a <em>Shinje<\/em>, en forma esfere\u00efdora, amb cap de bou, corona de flames i els atributs d&#8217;un jutge dels morts, sovint dret sobre un bou.<\/p><p>Especialment coneguda \u00e9s la seva representaci\u00f3 a l&#8217;anomenada Roda de la Vida, el <em>Bhavachakra<\/em>. En aquesta composici\u00f3 pict\u00f2rica molt estesa, que decora l&#8217;entrada de molts monestirs, un gran \u00e9sser amb les dents al descobert sost\u00e9 amb urpes i dents la roda dels sis \u00e0mbits de l&#8217;exist\u00e8ncia.<\/p><p>Aquest \u00e9sser que abra\u00e7a la roda s&#8217;interpreta habitualment com Yama, com l&#8217;encarnaci\u00f3 de la imperman\u00e8ncia i de la mort, a les quals estan sotmeses totes les formes d&#8217;exist\u00e8ncia condicionada. La imatge expressa l&#8217;ensenyament segons el qual tot \u00e0mbit de renaixement, fins i tot els cels, est\u00e0 subjecte a la mort i, per tant, al domini de Yama.<\/p><p>A m\u00e9s, la tradici\u00f3 tibetana coneix la figura meditativa de Yamantaka, el nom del qual significa el vencedor de Yama o el qui posa fi a la mort. Yamantaka es considera una manifestaci\u00f3 iracunda del Bodhisattva Manjushri i encarna la saviesa que supera la mort mateixa.<\/p><p>En aquesta constel\u00b7laci\u00f3 es fa palesa la posici\u00f3 ambivalent de Yama: \u00e9s senyor de la mort i, al mateix temps, un poder que es pot superar mitjan\u00e7ant el despertar. La recerca veu en la rica <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Doctrina sobre els continguts de les imatges i el seu significat.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconografia<\/span> tibetana de Yama una fusi\u00f3 entre models indis i concepcions locals tibetanes de divinitats de la muntanya i dels morts.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp43aed0a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp43aed0a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdb86525 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpdb86525\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama a l'\u00c0sia Oriental: del d\u00e9u indi al jutge infernal Enma<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0b79416 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp0b79416\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc5df073 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpc5df073\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Amb l&#8217;expansi\u00f3 del budisme cap a la Xina, Corea i el Jap\u00f3, Yama tamb\u00e9 va viatjar i es va integrar profundament en les concepcions locals de l&#8217;ultratomba. A la Xina, la figura \u00edndia es va fondre amb la idea d&#8217;un inframon organitzat burocr\u00e0ticament i es va convertir en Yanluo Wang, el rei Yanluo, un dels deu reis de l&#8217;inframon, cada un dels quals presideix un tribunal de l&#8217;inframon.<\/p><p>Aquests Deu Reis de l&#8217;Inframon examinen els difunts en inst\u00e0ncies successives, i el mort els travessa un per un abans que es decideixi la seva propera exist\u00e8ncia. Yanluo Wang hi ocupa generalment el lloc del cinqu\u00e8 rei. Tot el sistema reflecteix l&#8217;experi\u00e8ncia amb la jerarquia burocr\u00e0tica terrenal, amb registres, sent\u00e8ncies i penes.<\/p><p>Al Jap\u00f3, aquesta figura es va adoptar com a Enma o Enma-\u014d, i a Corea com a Yeomra. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171525\">Enma<\/a> \u00e9s una figura ben coneguda en la religi\u00f3 popular japonesa, sovint representada amb el rostre envermellit, tocat judicial i una tauleta d&#8217;escriptura o un mirall on es fan visibles els actes del difunt.<\/p><p>La <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La ci\u00e8ncia que estudia les religions de manera comparativa i sense vincle de fe.\" tabindex=\"0\">ci\u00e8ncia de les religions<\/span> subratlla que les formes de l&#8217;\u00c0sia Oriental van molt m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 del model indi i que Yama s&#8217;hi va convertir en un element fix de les concepcions populars de l&#8217;ultratomba, que combinen elements budistes, taoistes i de religi\u00f3 popular. La transformaci\u00f3 des de la figura lluminosa v\u00e8dica, passant pel jutge indobudista, fins al bur\u00f2crata infernal de l&#8217;\u00c0sia Oriental \u00e9s un exemple paradigm\u00e0tic de transfer\u00e8ncia cultural religiosa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enlla\u00e7os relacionats<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171520\">Yama (hinduisme), arrel<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171471\">Yamaraja, forma relacionada<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171525\">Enma-O, forma japonesa<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171529\">Yeomra, forma coreana<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171524\">Yanluo, forma xinesa<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171394\">Budisme, panorama del pante\u00f3<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171461\">Divinitats dels morts, subcategoria<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bibliografia (selecci\u00f3)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Lopez, Donald S.: <em>The Tibetan Book of the Dead. A Biography<\/em>. Princeton 2011.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Williams, Paul: <em>Mahayana Buddhism. The Doctrinal Foundations<\/em>. London 1989.<\/span><\/li><li>Bardo Thodol (nombroses traduccions, p. ex. Coleman\/Jinpa\/Dorje 2005).<\/li><li>Walde, Christine (ed.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (entrada &bdquo;Yama&ldquo;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>M\u00e9s obres de refer\u00e8ncia al <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171483\">llistat bibliogr\u00e0fic<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1740,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Yama budisme","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Yama \u2013 El d\u00e9u budista dels morts i jutge del karma","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Yama en el budisme: cap de bou, jutge del bardo i garant del karma. El seu paper en el Llibre tibet\u00e0 dels morts, el Bardo Th\u00f6dol.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"buddhismus","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-171528","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Yama \u2013 El d\u00e9u budista dels morts i jutge del karma<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Yama en el budisme: cap de bou, jutge del bardo i garant del karma. El seu paper en el Llibre tibet\u00e0 dels morts, el Bardo Th\u00f6dol.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Yama (jutge dels morts)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Yama en el budisme: cap de bou, jutge del bardo i garant del karma. El seu paper en el Llibre tibet\u00e0 dels morts, el Bardo Th\u00f6dol.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-05T16:00:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_yama-totenrichter.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\\\/\",\"name\":\"Yama \u2013 El d\u00e9u budista dels morts i jutge del karma\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_buddhismus_yama-totenrichter.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-05T15:40:09+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-05T16:00:12+00:00\",\"description\":\"Yama en el budisme: cap de bou, jutge del bardo i garant del karma. El seu paper en el Llibre tibet\u00e0 dels morts, el Bardo Th\u00f6dol.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_buddhismus_yama-totenrichter.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_buddhismus_yama-totenrichter.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"D\u00e9us de la tradici\u00f3 budista.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/?page_id=171333\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Yama (jutge dels morts)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ca\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Yama (jutge dels morts)\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-05T15:40:09+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-05T16:00:12+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\\\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_buddhismus_yama-totenrichter.webp\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"description\":\"Yama en el budisme: cap de bou, jutge del bardo i garant del karma. El seu paper en el Llibre tibet\u00e0 dels morts, el Bardo Th\u00f6dol.\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Yama \u2013 El d\u00e9u budista dels morts i jutge del karma","description":"Yama en el budisme: cap de bou, jutge del bardo i garant del karma. El seu paper en el Llibre tibet\u00e0 dels morts, el Bardo Th\u00f6dol.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\/","og_locale":"ca_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"Yama (jutge dels morts)","og_description":"Yama en el budisme: cap de bou, jutge del bardo i garant del karma. El seu paper en el Llibre tibet\u00e0 dels morts, el Bardo Th\u00f6dol.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-09-05T16:00:12+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_yama-totenrichter.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Yama (jutge dels morts)","datePublished":"2026-09-05T15:40:09+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-05T16:00:12+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_yama-totenrichter.webp","inLanguage":"ca","description":"Yama en el budisme: cap de bou, jutge del bardo i garant del karma. El seu paper en el Llibre tibet\u00e0 dels morts, el Bardo Th\u00f6dol."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\/","name":"Yama \u2013 El d\u00e9u budista dels morts i jutge del karma","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_yama-totenrichter.webp","datePublished":"2026-09-05T15:40:09+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-05T16:00:12+00:00","description":"Yama en el budisme: cap de bou, jutge del bardo i garant del karma. El seu paper en el Llibre tibet\u00e0 dels morts, el Bardo Th\u00f6dol.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ca","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_yama-totenrichter.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_yama-totenrichter.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"D\u00e9us de la tradici\u00f3 budista."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171333"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Yama (jutge dels morts)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ca"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Yama (jutge dels morts)","datePublished":"2026-09-05T15:40:09+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-05T16:00:12+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/yama-jutge-dels-morts\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_yama-totenrichter.webp","inLanguage":"ca","description":"Yama en el budisme: cap de bou, jutge del bardo i garant del karma. El seu paper en el Llibre tibet\u00e0 dels morts, el Bardo Th\u00f6dol."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/171528","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=171528"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/171528\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1740"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=171528"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=171528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}