{"id":171379,"date":"2026-09-05T15:38:54","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T15:38:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=171379"},"modified":"2026-09-05T15:56:14","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T15:56:14","slug":"alp","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/alp\/","title":{"rendered":"Alp"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"171379\" class=\"elementor elementor-171379 elementor-1028\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Alp, esperit de la tradici\u00f3 germ\u00e0nica<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>L&#8217;esperit nocturn opressor de la creen\u00e7a popular alemanya.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Esperit: Wesenitat incorp\u00f2ria o semicorp\u00f2ria, difunts, \u00e9ssers de la natura, esperits de la llar o guardians de llindars. Actua en la vida quotidiana, sovint lligat a llocs o fam\u00edlies.\">Esperit<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171366\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"M\u00f3n preccristi\u00e0 de d\u00e9us i esperits del nord i centre d'Europa.\">Germ\u00e0nic<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No s&#039;ha trobat cap encap\\u00e7alament en aquesta p\\u00e0gina.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00cdndex\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_alp-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1660\" alt=\"Alp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_alp-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_alp-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_alp-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_alp.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Alp<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Alp \u00e9s un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9sser incorpori al qual s'atribueix una acci\u00f3 en el m\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">esperit<\/span> de la tradici\u00f3 germ\u00e0nica.<\/p><p>L&#8217;Alp \u00e9s la figura cl\u00e0ssica de la <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171640\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Estat de percepci\u00f3 en el qual la consci\u00e8ncia es desperta per\u00f2 el cos encara est\u00e0 paralitzat per l'atonia REM; sovint associat a al\u00b7lucinacions.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">par\u00e0lisi del son<\/a> en la creen\u00e7a popular centreeuropea. Un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9sser incorpori al qual s'atribueix una acci\u00f3 en el m\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">esperit<\/span> petit i pesant s&#8217;asseu de nit sobre el pit de la persona que dorm, li lleva l&#8217;al\u00e8 i provoca experi\u00e8ncies de malson. La paraula alemanya \u201eAlbtraum\u00bb (malson) mant\u00e9 la figura viva en el vocabulari fins avui, un dels pocs noms de dimonis medievals que ha rom\u00e0s plenament present ling\u00fc\u00edsticament.<\/p><p>La <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La transmissi\u00f3 de coneixement i relats a trav\u00e9s de generacions.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici\u00f3<\/span> abasta des de la literatura i les fonts jur\u00eddiques de l&#8217;alt alemany mitj\u00e0, passant per les col\u00b7leccions dels germans Grimm, fins als arxius folkl\u00f2rics moderns. L&#8217;Alp \u00e9s culturalment proper al Mahr (origin\u00e0riament femen\u00ed) i a la forma anglesa <em>mare<\/em> present en la paraula <em>nightmare<\/em>. Es repel\u00b7leix amb signes al llindar de la porta, ganivets sota el coix\u00ed, oracions i f\u00f3rmules populars d&#8217;exorcisme.<\/p><div><p><strong>Testimonis en alemany mitj\u00e0 i el Malleus Maleficarum<\/strong><\/p><p>Les l\u00ednies de tradici\u00f3 de l&#8217;Alp es poden resseguir fins a l&#8217;alt alemany mitj\u00e0. Wilhelm Grimm va documentar a les seves col\u00b7leccions relats de malsons i visites nocturnes en qu\u00e8 un \u00e9sser demon\u00edac s&#8217;asseia sobre el pit de la persona que dormia i amena\u00e7ava d&#8217;ofegar-la.<\/p><p>El terme mateix apareix en diverses variants regionals: <em>Alb<\/em> a Su\u00e0bia, <em>Alp<\/em> a Baviera, <em>Elf<\/em> a Holstein. Aquesta variaci\u00f3 apunta a una tradici\u00f3 popular estesa al llarg de segles, en la qual la forma de l&#8217;\u00e9sser va romandre estable, per\u00f2 la nomenclatura va divergir regionalment.<\/p><p>Al <em>Malleus Maleficarum<\/em> (Heinrich Kramer i Jacob Sprenger, 1487) es descriuen casos d&#8217;opressi\u00f3 nocturna causada per forces demon\u00edaques.<\/p><p>Encara que l&#8217;Alp no s&#8217;hi anomena expl\u00edcitament, els s\u00edmptomes descrits (par\u00e0lisi, dificultat per respirar, visions de pes opressiu) corresponen als relats de la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La cultura popular transmesa amb costums, relats i can\u00e7ons.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklore<\/span> posterior. Els perseguidors de bruixes hi veien una intervenci\u00f3 demon\u00edaca, no, com faria la medicina del segle XIX, un trastorn fisiol\u00f2gic del son.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Resum r\u00e0pid: Alp<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tipus:<\/strong> Esperit nocturn opressor, portador de malsons<br>Origen: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9sser incorpori al qual s'atribueix una acci\u00f3 en el m\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">Esperit<\/span> petit, sovint associat amb morts o bruixes<br>Textos: fonts jur\u00eddiques d&#8217;alemany mitj\u00e0, Grimm, col\u00b7leccions folkl\u00f2riques<br>Per\u00edode: alta edat mitjana fins avui (ling\u00fc\u00edsticament fins al present)<br>Protecci\u00f3: peu de bruixa (Drudenfu\u00df), sabates al rev\u00e9s, ganivet sota el coix\u00ed<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Contextualitzaci\u00f3 hist\u00f2rica<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Per\u00edode dels textos<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Testimoniat des d&#8217;antic en la literatura d&#8217;alemany mitj\u00e0 (Nibelungenlied, Walther) i en fonts jur\u00eddiques (m\u00e0gia maligna). \u00c0mpliament documentat en col\u00b7leccions dels segles XIX i XX (Grimm, Wolf, M\u00fcller-Bergstr\u00f6m). Com a paraula, present fins avui en \u201eAlbtraum\u00bb (malson).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c0rea de difusi\u00f3<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00c0mbit de parla alemanya; figures similars amb altres noms (Nachtmahr, Drude, Trud) a les regions circumdants. La formaci\u00f3 anglesa <em>nightmare<\/em> prov\u00e9 de la variant Mahr.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Estat de les fonts<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Textos en alemany mitj\u00e0, fonts jur\u00eddiques (processos de m\u00e0gia), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"El conjunt de relats transmesos sobre d\u00e9us d'una cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> alemanya recollida pels Grimm, arxius folkl\u00f2rics dels segles XIX i XX, la investigaci\u00f3 moderna del son com a continuaci\u00f3 secular.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nom i variants<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Alemany mitj\u00e0:<\/strong> <em>alp<\/em>, <em>alb<\/em>. Etimol\u00f2gicament emparentat amb \u201eElf\u00bb (elf); l&#8217;Alp \u00e9s origin\u00e0riament un elf en funci\u00f3 negativa.<br>Variants regionals: Trud\/Drud (bavar\u00e8s), Nachtmahr (est\u00e8s), Walrider, Doggeli (su\u00eds), Mart (baix alemany).<br>Angl\u00e8s: <em>mare<\/em> a <em>nightmare<\/em>.<\/p><p>La identificaci\u00f3 Alp = elf sorpr\u00e8n nom\u00e9s a primera vista: en la concepci\u00f3 germ\u00e0nica m\u00e9s antiga, els elfs eren \u00e9ssers ambivalents, no les figures amables de la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La cultura popular transmesa amb costums, relats i can\u00e7ons.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklore<\/span> posterior. \u201eElfenschuss\u00bb (tret d&#8217;elf), per a una malaltia sobtada, pertany al mateix conjunt de creences.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caracter\u00edstiques<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Aparen\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p><p>Petit, pesant, sovint discret. En alguns relats amb forma animal, gat, aranya, mustela, de vegades com un infant deformat. Poc definit visualment, m\u00e9s aviat percebut com una pressi\u00f3 i un pes.<\/p><p><strong>Comportament<\/strong><\/p><p>Entra de nit pel forat del pany, la xemeneia o l&#8217;escletxa de la porta. S&#8217;asseu sobre el pit de la persona adormida i li lleva l&#8217;al\u00e8 i el moviment. La <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ofrena a una divinitat per expressar agra\u00efment, s\u00faplica o veneraci\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u00edctima<\/span> no pot cridar ni fugir. Segons la investigaci\u00f3 actual sobre el son, es tracta de la simptomatologia cl\u00e0ssica de la <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171640\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Estat de percepci\u00f3 en qu\u00e8 la consci\u00e8ncia es desperta per\u00f2 el cos encara est\u00e0 paralitzat per l'atonia REM.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">par\u00e0lisi del son<\/a>.<\/p><p><strong>\u00c0mbit d&#8217;acci\u00f3<\/strong><\/p><p>L&#8217;espai on es dorm, especialment en certes nits (dies de transici\u00f3, lluna plena). En les tradicions rurals tamb\u00e9 afecta els cavalls: l&#8217;Alp \u00abcavalca\u00bb el cavall de nit i al mat\u00ed es troba la crinera embullada.<\/p><p><strong>Classificaci\u00f3 mitol\u00f2gica<\/strong><\/p><p>Origin\u00e0riament una figura \u00e8lfica, despla\u00e7ada en la creen\u00e7a popular cap a un esperit opressor amena\u00e7ador. En la reinterpretaci\u00f3 cristiana es va entendre en part com a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c9sser espiritual al qual s'atribueix un efecte perjudicial o ambigu.\" tabindex=\"0\">dimoni<\/span> o com l&#8217;\u00e0nima d&#8217;una bruixa. En la interpretaci\u00f3 moderna, la <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171640\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Estat de vig\u00edlia amb atonia muscular REM; interpretat arreu del m\u00f3n com una experi\u00e8ncia espectral (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari), per\u00f2 explicable neurol\u00f2gicament.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">par\u00e0lisi del son<\/a> \u00e9s un fenomen neurol\u00f2gic.<\/p><div><p><strong>Par\u00e0lisi del son i interpretaci\u00f3 cultural<\/strong><\/p><p>La medicina moderna coneix aquest estat com a <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171640\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Estat de vig\u00edlia amb atonia muscular REM; interpretat arreu del m\u00f3n com una experi\u00e8ncia espectral (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari), per\u00f2 explicable neurol\u00f2gicament.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">par\u00e0lisi del son<\/a> o <em>isolated sleep paralysis<\/em>. Es produeix quan la consci\u00e8ncia es desperta durant el son REM, per\u00f2 el cos encara resta paralitzat per la protecci\u00f3 natural del to muscular durant el somni. Els pacients relaten al\u00b7lucinacions, dificultat per respirar i la sensaci\u00f3 d&#8217;un pes opressiu sobre el pit.<\/p><p>La interpretaci\u00f3 cultural ha oscil\u00b7lat entre l&#8217;explicaci\u00f3 sobrenatural i la m\u00e8dica segons l&#8217;\u00e8poca i la regi\u00f3. En l&#8217;\u00e0mbit de parla alemanya, l&#8217;Alp va seguir sent durant molt temps l&#8217;explicaci\u00f3 habitual d&#8217;aquests fen\u00f2mens. David Hufford va documentar a <em>The Terror that Comes in the Night<\/em> (1982) la const\u00e0ncia fenomenol\u00f2gica d&#8217;aquestes experi\u00e8ncies a trav\u00e9s de diferents cultures.<\/p><p>Les l\u00ednies de tradici\u00f3 sobre l&#8217;Alp no van desapar\u00e8ixer amb la secularitzaci\u00f3, sin\u00f3 que es van reinterpretar. La literatura psicol\u00f2gica i terap\u00e8utica del segle 20 es va referir en part a les col\u00b7leccions de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ci\u00e8ncia que estudia la cultura popular, els costums i les creences transmeses.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklore<\/span> per contextualitzar hist\u00f2ricament els trastorns del son. L&#8217;Alp va continuar sent un arxiu cultural per a all\u00f2 desconegut que, d&#8217;entrada, s&#8217;escapava a l&#8217;explicaci\u00f3 racional.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fitxa: Alp<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Els aspectes m\u00e9s importants de l&#8217;Alp d&#8217;un cop d&#8217;ull.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tradici\u00f3<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Provinent de la creen\u00e7a \u00e8lfica germ\u00e0nica; en la creen\u00e7a popular es va convertir en un esperit opressor amena\u00e7ador. En la reinterpretaci\u00f3 cristiana es va entendre en part com a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c9sser espiritual al qual s'atribueix un efecte perjudicial o ambigu.\" tabindex=\"0\">dimoni<\/span>, en part com a \u00e0nima de bruixa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Objectiu de l'Alp<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Persones que dormen, especialment en posici\u00f3 supina. En la tradici\u00f3 rural, tamb\u00e9 els cavalls a l&#8217;estable.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forma<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Petit, pesant, deforme. Pot prendre forma animal (gat, aranya, mustela). Sovint es percep m\u00e9s com una pressi\u00f3 que no pas es veu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Activitat<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pressi\u00f3 sobre el pit, incapacitat de moviment, dificultat per respirar, malsons intensos. Interpretaci\u00f3 moderna: <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171640\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Estat de vig\u00edlia amb atonia muscular REM; interpretat arreu del m\u00f3n com una experi\u00e8ncia espectral (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari), per\u00f2 explicable neurol\u00f2gicament.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">par\u00e0lisi del son<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Formes de defensa<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Peu de bruixa (pentagrama) a la porta i al llit, sabates capgirades davant del llit, ganivet amb el tall cap amunt sota el coix\u00ed, herba de Sant Joan sota el llit, oracions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paral\u00b7lelismes de l'Alp<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mahr, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/lilu-i-lilitu\/\">Lil\u016b i Lil\u012btu<\/a>, Empusa, Strix, la Kikimora eslava, la investigaci\u00f3 moderna sobre la <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171640\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Estat de vig\u00edlia amb atonia muscular REM; interpretat arreu del m\u00f3n com una experi\u00e8ncia espectral (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari), per\u00f2 explicable neurol\u00f2gicament.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">par\u00e0lisi del son<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pr\u00e0ctica de protecci\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Protecci\u00f3 del llindar i del llit<\/strong><\/p><p>Peu de bruixa (pentagrama amb una punta cap amunt) a la porta o damunt el llit. Les sabates capgirades davant del llit confonen l&#8217;Alp. El ganivet amb el tall cap amunt sota el coix\u00ed \u00e9s una pr\u00e0ctica documentada tradicionalment a tota l&#8217;Europa central.<\/p><p><strong>F\u00f3rmules verbals<\/strong><\/p><p>Breus dites populars en anar a dormir. Cal invocar l&#8217;Alp pel seu nom; llavors ha de dir el seu nom a qui l&#8217;invoca i desapareix. La creen\u00e7a popular coneix les \u00abinvocacions de l&#8217;Alp\u00bb com a pr\u00e0ctica de protecci\u00f3.<\/p><p><strong>Protecci\u00f3 dels cavalls<\/strong><\/p><p>A l&#8217;estable: ferradures, miralls per a l&#8217;Alp (una pe\u00e7a de metall reflectant), fanals encesos. En algunes regions es posa al cavall un collar amb esquellots, ja que l&#8217;Alp tem el seu so.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paral\u00b7lelismes i interpretaci\u00f3 moderna<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Paral\u00b7lels a tot el m\u00f3n:<\/strong> Lil\u016b\/Lil\u012btu a Mesopot\u00e0mia, Empusa a Gr\u00e8cia, Strix a Roma, Kikimora a l&#8217;\u00e0mbit eslau, Baka Jaga en algunes formes nocturnes. Arreu la mateixa estructura: un esperit nocturn femen\u00ed o de mida petita que oprimeix els qui dormen.<\/p><p><strong>Recerca sobre el son:<\/strong> La moderna investigaci\u00f3 en laboratoris del son identifica aquesta simptomatologia com a <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171640\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Estat de vig\u00edlia amb atonia muscular pr\u00f2pia del son REM; interpretat arreu del m\u00f3n com una experi\u00e8ncia fantasmag\u00f2rica (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari), per\u00f2 explicable neurol\u00f2gicament.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">par\u00e0lisi del son<\/a>, una transici\u00f3 des del son REM en la qual es superposen l&#8217;atonia muscular i la consci\u00e8ncia. La recerca folkl\u00f2rica mostra descripcions fenomenol\u00f2giques id\u00e8ntiques en cultures molt diverses.<\/p><p><strong>Recepci\u00f3:<\/strong> L&#8217;Alp perviu ling\u00fc\u00edsticament fins avui en la paraula alemanya \u00abAlbtraum\u00bb (malson). El fam\u00f3s quadre de F\u00fcssli \u00abEl malson\u00bb (1781) \u00e9s la representaci\u00f3 art\u00edstica m\u00e9s coneguda. La literatura i el cinema de terror moderns recuperen aquest <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un element tem\u00e0tic recurrent en l'art o la narraci\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiu<\/span>.<\/p><div><p><strong>Parentiu amb la Mahr i altres esperits nocturns<\/strong><\/p><p>L&#8217;Alp est\u00e0 estretament emparentada amb la <em>Mahr<\/em>; totes dues s\u00f3n esperits nocturns que s&#8217;asseuen sobre les persones adormides i els provoquen una sensaci\u00f3 d&#8217;opressi\u00f3. La difer\u00e8ncia sovint es limita al g\u00e8nere gramatical i a la regi\u00f3: all\u00e0 on apareix l&#8217;Alp (mascul\u00ed o neutre), en regions ve\u00efnes la Mahr (femen\u00ed) pot explicar el mateix fenomen.<\/p><p>Els equivalents escandinaus, com el noruec <em>Mareritt<\/em> i l&#8217;island\u00e8s <em>Mara<\/em>, apunten a una arrel germ\u00e0nica que es va estendre pel nord i el centre d&#8217;Europa.<\/p><p>En la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La ci\u00e8ncia que estudia les religions de manera comparativa i sense vinculaci\u00f3 de fe.\" tabindex=\"0\">ci\u00e8ncia de les religions<\/span> comparada, l&#8217;Alp es classifica de vegades com una subesp\u00e8cie de dimoni, per\u00f2 sovint tamb\u00e9 es tracta com una classe d&#8217;\u00e9sser independent, perqu\u00e8 la localitat i la recurr\u00e8ncia de les experi\u00e8ncies semblen m\u00e9s caracter\u00edstiques que la maldat abstracta d&#8217;un dimoni cl\u00e0ssic. Aquesta delimitaci\u00f3 encara es debat en la literatura especialitzada.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9cdd254 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9cdd254\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpebbec9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpebbec9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L'Alp i la paraula \u00abAlbtraum\u00bb (malson)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfab36f7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpfab36f7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpac5f837 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpac5f837\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>El rastre m\u00e9s clar que l&#8217;<em>Alp<\/em> ha deixat en la llengua actual \u00e9s la paraula <em>Albtraum<\/em> (\u00abmalson\u00bb), al costat de la grafia m\u00e9s antiga <em>Alptraum<\/em>. Designa literalment el somni que provoca l&#8217;Alp.<\/p><p>Aquesta dada ling\u00fc\u00edstica porta directament al nucli de la concepci\u00f3 de l&#8217;Alp: es tracta sobretot d&#8217;un esperit opressor, un \u00e9sser que a la nit s&#8217;asseu sobre la persona adormida, li oprimeix el pit i li provoca aix\u00ed somnis feixucs i angoixants, acompanyats d&#8217;una sensaci\u00f3 d&#8217;ofec i par\u00e0lisi.<\/p><p>La fam\u00edlia de paraules es remunta molt enrere. Est\u00e0 emparentada amb el n\u00f2rdic antic <em>alfr<\/em>, que designa els elfs o albs, i amb l&#8217;angl\u00e8s <em>elf<\/em>.<\/p><p>En angl\u00e8s, l&#8217;antiga concepci\u00f3 perdura en la paraula <em>nightmare<\/em>, el segon component de la qual, <em>mare<\/em>, pertany a la mateixa arrel que l&#8217;alemany <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171383\">Mahr<\/a>. Aquestes connexions entre lleng\u00fces mostren que la idea d&#8217;un \u00e9sser nocturn opressor era molt antiga i estava molt estesa a l&#8217;\u00e0mbit ling\u00fc\u00edstic germ\u00e0nic.<\/p><p>Des del punt de vista de la hist\u00f2ria de la llengua, resulta interessant que l&#8217;Alp origin\u00e0riament pertanyia, pel que sembla, als albs, \u00e9s a dir, a tota una classe d&#8217;\u00e9ssers de la natura, i que nom\u00e9s m\u00e9s tard es va anar restringint a la funci\u00f3 espec\u00edfica d&#8217;opressor nocturn.<\/p><p>La recerca sobre la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"El conjunt de narracions transmeses sobre els d\u00e9us d'una cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> germ\u00e0nica i sobre l&#8217;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ci\u00e8ncia que estudia la cultura popular, els costums i les creences transmeses.\" tabindex=\"0\">etnografia<\/span> hist\u00f2rica ha posat de manifest que el significat del mot va anar canviant diverses vegades, des d&#8217;un \u00e9sser espiritual general, passant per l&#8217;esperit opressor, fins arribar al sentit gaireb\u00e9 exclusivament figurat que t\u00e9 avui dia en la paraula <em>Albtraum<\/em>.<\/p><p>L&#8217;Alp \u00e9s, doncs, un exemple de com una concepci\u00f3 mitol\u00f2gica perdura en la llengua molt despr\u00e9s que la creen\u00e7a en l&#8217;\u00e9sser mateix s&#8217;hagi esva\u00eft.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp383e27c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp383e27c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd33fc94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpd33fc94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Par\u00e0lisi del son: el nucli m\u00e8dic d'una antiga concepci\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp488d917 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp488d917\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1274817 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp1274817\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La concepci\u00f3 de l&#8217;Alp \u00e9s un exemple molt estudiat de com una experi\u00e8ncia corporal real es reinterpreta culturalment. L&#8217;experi\u00e8ncia que hi ha darrere del relat de l&#8217;Alp correspon en molts aspectes al que la medicina del son actual descriu com a par\u00e0lisi del son.<\/p><p>En aquest fenomen, la consci\u00e8ncia es desperta mentre encara persisteix la relaxaci\u00f3 muscular pr\u00f2pia del son de somnis. La persona afectada est\u00e0 desperta per\u00f2 no es pot moure, sovint sent una pressi\u00f3 al pit, dificultat per respirar i angoixa, i no \u00e9s rar que s&#8217;hi afegeixi la percepci\u00f3 d&#8217;una pres\u00e8ncia amena\u00e7adora a l&#8217;habitaci\u00f3.<\/p><p>Aquesta experi\u00e8ncia est\u00e0 documentada en totes les cultures i \u00e8poques, i gaireb\u00e9 arreu s&#8217;ha explicat a trav\u00e9s d&#8217;un \u00e9sser agressor. La tradici\u00f3 popular alemanya la va interpretar com l&#8217;obra de l&#8217;Alp; altres cultures coneixen esperits opressors comparables.<\/p><p>La recerca comparativa sobre la par\u00e0lisi del son ha mostrat que els s\u00edmptomes corporals b\u00e0sics s\u00f3n notablement estables, mentre que la interpretaci\u00f3 varia d&#8217;una cultura a l&#8217;altra. L&#8217;\u00e9sser que es creu percebre porta els trets que li atorga la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La transmissi\u00f3 de coneixements i narracions al llarg de generacions.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici\u00f3<\/span> local.<\/p><p>Aquesta constataci\u00f3 no desmereix la concepci\u00f3 de l&#8217;Alp, sin\u00f3 que la fa comprensible. Explica per qu\u00e8 la creen\u00e7a en l&#8217;Alp va ser tan estesa i tan persistent: es basava en una experi\u00e8ncia recurrent i intensa per a la qual, abans de la investigaci\u00f3 moderna del son, no hi havia cap altra explicaci\u00f3.<\/p><p>La consideraci\u00f3 folkl\u00f2rica i de ci\u00e8ncia de les religions veu, doncs, en l&#8217;Alp un exemple paradigm\u00e0tic de l&#8217;entrella\u00e7ament entre l&#8217;experi\u00e8ncia corporal i la interpretaci\u00f3 cultural. L&#8217;experi\u00e8ncia era real, l&#8217;\u00e9sser explicatiu era una construcci\u00f3 cultural, i tots dos junts van formar un complex de creences estable durant segles.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp58c2f6a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp58c2f6a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf7a02cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf7a02cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Concepcions afins i la Mahr<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5e6a3ee e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5e6a3ee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdb6f9e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpdb6f9e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L&#8217;Alp no \u00e9s una figura a\u00efllada, sin\u00f3 que forma part d&#8217;un conjunt de nocions estretament emparentades sobre l&#8217;esperit opressor nocturn. La parenta m\u00e9s important \u00e9s la <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171383\">Mahr<\/a>, que en bona part de l&#8217;\u00e0mbit ling\u00fc\u00edstic alemany compleix la mateixa funci\u00f3: oprimeix la persona adormida, la munta, li carrega el pit.<\/p><p>En algunes regions els dos termes es feien servir alhora, en altres predominava un o l&#8217;altre. Aquesta distribuci\u00f3 regional \u00e9s un camp ben documentat de la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ci\u00e8ncia que estudia la cultura popular, els costums i les creences transmeses.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklor\u00edstica<\/span> hist\u00f2rica.<\/p><p>Caracter\u00edstica de tot aquest conjunt de creences \u00e9s la barreja de diverses imatges. L&#8217;esperit opressor es pensa a vegades com un \u00e9sser espiritual propi, a vegades com l&#8217;\u00e0nima enviada d&#8217;una persona viva que, conscientment o inconscientment, turmenta els altres.<\/p><p>En aquesta segona interpretaci\u00f3, la noci\u00f3 de l&#8217;Alp s&#8217;uneix a la creen\u00e7a en bruixeria: una persona concreta del poble podia ser sospitada d&#8217;anar com a Alp a torturar altres. Aix\u00ed, una experi\u00e8ncia nocturna es convertia en un problema social capa\u00e7 de despertar sospites i acusacions dins la comunitat.<\/p><p>D&#8217;aquest imaginari es deriven tamb\u00e9 els remeis de protecci\u00f3 transmesos i la seva l\u00f2gica. Com que l&#8217;Alp entrava per una obertura, per un forat a la fusta o una escletxa, calia tapar aquestes obertures.<\/p><p>Com que se&#8217;l podia comptar, ajudava donar-li una tasca comptable. Com que en marxar havia de fer el mateix cam\u00ed, es podia atrapar tapant l&#8217;entrada.<\/p><p>Aquests remeis nom\u00e9s tenen sentit tenint en compte un model determinat de com actua l&#8217;Alp. Per aix\u00f2 la investigaci\u00f3 en ci\u00e8ncies de la religi\u00f3 llegeix aquestes pr\u00e0ctiques de protecci\u00f3 com una clau de la noci\u00f3 que hi ha al darrere: a partir de qu\u00e8 es feia contra l&#8217;Alp es pot reconstruir qu\u00e8 es pensava sobre ell.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enlla\u00e7os relacionats<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Enlla\u00e7os interns recomanats:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171366\">Germ\u00e0nic<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171383\">Mahr<\/a> (parentiu proper), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171380\">Draugr<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171381\">Nix<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171382\">Troll<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/lilu-i-lilitu\/\">Lil\u016b i Lil\u012btu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/empusa\/\">Empusa<\/a><\/li><li>Investigaci\u00f3 sobre la <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171640\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Estat de vig\u00edlia amb atonia muscular pr\u00f2pia del son REM; interpretat arreu del m\u00f3n com una experi\u00e8ncia d'esperits (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari), per\u00f2 explicable neurol\u00f2gicament.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">par\u00e0lisi del son<\/a><\/li><li>F\u00fcssli, \u00abDer Nachtmahr\u00bb<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bibliografia de recerca<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Una selecci\u00f3 d&#8217;obres centrals sobre l&#8217;Alp\/Mahr:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Grimm, Jacob: <em>Deutsche Mythologie<\/em>. 4a ed. Berlin 1875, 1878.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Hufford, David J.: <em>The Terror That Comes in the Night: An Experience-Centered Study of Supernatural Assault Traditions<\/em>. Philadelphia 1982 (<a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171640\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Estat de vig\u00edlia amb atonia muscular pr\u00f2pia del son REM; interpretat arreu del m\u00f3n com una experi\u00e8ncia d'esperits (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari), per\u00f2 explicable neurol\u00f2gicament.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">par\u00e0lisi del son<\/a> i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La cultura popular transmesa amb costums, relats i can\u00e7ons.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklore<\/span>).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Roscher, Wilhelm Heinrich: <em>Ephialtes. Eine pathologisch-mythologische Abhandlung<\/em>. Leipzig 1900.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Ranft, Michael: <em>Tractat von dem Kauen und Schmatzen der Todten<\/em>. Leipzig 1734 (hist\u00f2ric).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>M\u00e9s obres de refer\u00e8ncia a la <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171483\">bibliografia<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-alp-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-alp-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-alp\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-alp-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-alp-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">La pr\u00e0ctica de protecci\u00f3 descrita aqu\u00ed \u00e9s una interpretaci\u00f3 cient\u00edfica de tradicions hist\u00f2riques. iWell Guard s&#8217;inscriu en aquesta l\u00ednia cultural d&#8217;objectes de protecci\u00f3 portables i en representa una forma contempor\u00e0nia. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">M\u00e9s sobre iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a453185 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a453185\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5511186 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5511186\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Preguntes freq\u00fcents sobre l&#8217;Alp<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s un Alp en la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"El conjunt de narracions transmeses sobre els d\u00e9us d'una cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> germ\u00e0nica?<\/h3><p>L&#8217;Alp \u00e9s un esperit nociu nocturn de la tradici\u00f3 germanicoalemanya que s&#8217;asseu sobre el pit de les persones adormides i els provoca malsons.<\/p><p>De l&#8217;Alp tamb\u00e9 deriva la paraula &#8216;Albtraum&#8217; (testimoni antic: &#8216;Alpdruck&#8217;). En la investigaci\u00f3 moderna sobre el son, aquest fenomen es coneix com a par\u00e0lisi del son: la immobilitat transit\u00f2ria en la transici\u00f3 cap a la fase REM, sovint acompanyada d&#8217;una sensaci\u00f3 d&#8217;opressi\u00f3, dificultat per respirar i al\u00b7lucinacions molt v\u00edvides.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Com es protegia la gent de l&#8217;Alp segons la creen\u00e7a popular?<\/h3><p>La medicina popular cl\u00e0ssica coneixia nombroses pr\u00e0ctiques de protecci\u00f3: col\u00b7locar les sabates del rev\u00e9s davant del llit, posar un ganivet obert sota el coix\u00ed, clavar una agulla de ferro al llit, recitar el parenostre abans de dormir, dibuixar un pentagrama a la porta.<\/p><p>Al nord d&#8217;Alemanya, l&#8217;Alp tamb\u00e9 s&#8217;espantava amb una f\u00f3rmula (&#8216;Alb, Alb, v\u00e9s-te&#8217;n, aqu\u00ed no hi tens lloc&#8217;). La tradici\u00f3 de la Selva Negra coneixia el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una seq\u00fc\u00e8ncia reglada d'accions simb\u00f2liques amb significat religi\u00f3s o cultural.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> de la pedra de l&#8217;Alp: una estaca de sa\u00fcc foradada amb una pedra, col\u00b7locada al muntant del llit.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s un Alp en la mitologia germ\u00e0nica?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"L'Alp \u00e9s un esperit nociu nocturn de la tradici\u00f3 germanicoalemanya que s'asseu sobre el pit de les persones adormides i els provoca malsons.De l'Alp tamb\u00e9 deriva la paraula 'Albtraum' (testimoni antic: 'Alpdruck'). En la investigaci\u00f3 moderna sobre el son, aquest fenomen es coneix com a par\u00e0lisi del son: la immobilitat transit\u00f2ria en la transici\u00f3 cap a la fase REM, sovint acompanyada d'una sensaci\u00f3 d'opressi\u00f3, dificultat per respirar i al\u00b7lucinacions molt v\u00edvides.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Com es protegia la gent de l'Alp segons la creen\u00e7a popular?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"La medicina popular cl\u00e0ssica coneixia nombroses pr\u00e0ctiques de protecci\u00f3: col\u00b7locar les sabates del rev\u00e9s davant del llit, posar un ganivet obert sota el coix\u00ed, clavar una agulla de ferro al llit, recitar el parenostre abans de dormir, dibuixar un pentagrama a la porta.Al nord d'Alemanya, l'Alp tamb\u00e9 s'espantava amb una f\u00f3rmula ('Alb, Alb, v\u00e9s-te'n, aqu\u00ed no hi tens lloc'). La tradici\u00f3 de la Selva Negra coneixia el ritual de la pedra de l'Alp: una estaca de sa\u00fcc foradada amb una pedra, col\u00b7locada al muntant del llit.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1660,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Alp","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Alp - L'esperit nocturn opressor de la creen\u00e7a popular alemanya","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"L'Alp \u00e9s la figura cl\u00e0ssica de la par\u00e0lisi del son en la creen\u00e7a popular centreeuropea: un esperit petit i pesant que s'asseu de nit sobre el pit.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"germanisch","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-171379","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Alp - L&#039;esperit nocturn opressor de la creen\u00e7a popular alemanya<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L&#039;Alp \u00e9s la figura cl\u00e0ssica de la par\u00e0lisi del son en la creen\u00e7a popular centreeuropea: un esperit petit i pesant que s&#039;asseu de nit sobre el pit.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/alp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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