{"id":171370,"date":"2026-09-05T15:38:49","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T15:38:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=171370"},"modified":"2026-09-05T15:56:01","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T15:56:01","slug":"llucifer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/llucifer\/","title":{"rendered":"Llucifer"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"171370\" class=\"elementor elementor-171370 elementor-1019\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Llucifer, d\u00e9u de la tradici\u00f3 cristiana<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>El portador de llum que va caure, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions abrah\u00e0miques, un \u00e9sser celestial missatger de D\u00e9u.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e0ngel<\/span> de l&#8217;orgull.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00e9u \/ Deessa: Poder suprem personificat en el pante\u00f3 d'una cultura, amb funcions clares, forces naturals, dest\u00ed, guerra, fertilitat. Venerat mitjan\u00e7ant cultes, sacrificis i institucions templ\u00e0ries.\">D\u00e9u<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171364\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tradici\u00f3 cristiana amb els seus \u00e0ngels, dimonis i \u00e9ssers m\u00edstics.\">Cristianisme<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171458\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Pot\u00e8ncies del caos i adversaris c\u00f2smics, contrincants en el dualisme de la hist\u00f2ria de les religions.\">Anti-d\u00e9u<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" 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elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_luzifer-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1567\" alt=\"Llucifer\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_luzifer-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_luzifer-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_luzifer-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_luzifer.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Llucifer<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Llucifer \u00e9s un d\u00e9u de la tradici\u00f3 cristiana.<\/p><p>Llucifer \u00e9s, en la tradici\u00f3 cristiana, la figura de l&#8217;\u00e0ngel caigut m\u00e9s elevat. La identificaci\u00f3 amb Satan\u00e0s \u00e9s medieval; originalment, \u00abLucifer\u00bb (llat\u00ed, \u00abportador de llum\u00bb) era nom\u00e9s el nom de l&#8217;estel del mat\u00ed, referit de manera figurada a un sobir\u00e0 caigut a Isa\u00efes 14,12. Els Pares de l&#8217;Esgl\u00e9sia van llegir aquest passatge com l&#8217;escena original de la caiguda dels \u00e0ngels, i aix\u00ed van crear la figura principal de la demonologia medieval.<\/p><p>A l&#8217;\u00e8poca moderna, Llucifer rep una recepci\u00f3 complexa: el <em>Paradise Lost<\/em> de Milton li dona dignitat i profunditat tr\u00e0gica; el Mefist\u00f2fil de Goethe n&#8217;\u00e9s un descendent ir\u00f2nic; en l&#8217;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Terme gen\u00e8ric per a doctrines que reivindiquen un coneixement ocult, accessible nom\u00e9s als iniciats.\" tabindex=\"0\">esoterisme<\/span> i la modernitat, Llucifer \u00e9s interpretat de vegades de manera positiva com a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un signe que representa una idea o un significat.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00edmbol<\/span> de rebel\u00b7li\u00f3 contra l&#8217;autoritat heter\u00f2noma.<\/p><div><p><strong>Isa\u00efes 14,12 com a text clau<\/strong><\/p><p>La figura de Llucifer com a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions abrah\u00e0miques, un \u00e9sser missatger celestial de D\u00e9u.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e0ngel<\/span> caigut es remunta, des del punt de vista de la hist\u00f2ria de les religions, a una interpretaci\u00f3 cristiana de l&#8217;antiguitat tardana d&#8217;Isa\u00efes 14,12. El vers (<em>Com has caigut del cel, estel del mat\u00ed, fill de l&#8217;aurora<\/em>) es refereix, en el context prof\u00e8tic original, al rei babiloni i \u00e9s un lament burlesc sobre la seva caiguda pol\u00edtica.<\/p><p>La interpretaci\u00f3 patr\u00edstica, des d&#8217;Or\u00edgenes (<em>De principiis<\/em>, ca. 230), l&#8217;interpreta tipol\u00f2gicament com la caiguda dels \u00e0ngels: l&#8217;hebreu <em>Helel ben Shahar<\/em> es tradueix a la Vulgata com <em>Lucifer<\/em> (llat\u00ed, \u00abportador de llum\u00bb). Jeroni identifica el vers amb la caiguda ang\u00e8lica pr\u00e8via a la Creaci\u00f3, i aix\u00ed fixa la tradici\u00f3 mitol\u00f2gica de Llucifer per a l&#8217;edat mitjana llatina.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perfil breu: Llucifer<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tipus:<\/strong> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions abrah\u00e0miques, un \u00e9sser celestial missatger de D\u00e9u.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00c0ngel<\/span> de llum caigut<br>Origen: interpretaci\u00f3 cristiana de finals de l&#8217;Antiguitat d&#8217;Is 14<br>Textos: Is 14, Lc 10,18, Patr\u00edstica, Milton<br>Per\u00edode: del segle IV fins a l&#8217;actualitat<br>Sobrenom: Portador de llum, estel del mat\u00ed, fill de l&#8217;aurora<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introducci\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Per\u00edode dels textos<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La patr\u00edstica dels segles IV i V interpreta Is 14,12 com la caiguda dels \u00e0ngels. La <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La doctrina cient\u00edfica sobre D\u00e9u i sobre la fe d'una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> medieval (Tom\u00e0s d&#8217;Aquino) ho amplia. Milton (segle XVII) crea la figura liter\u00e0ria principal. El Romanticisme i la modernitat descobreixen Llucifer com a figura simb\u00f2lica de la rebel\u00b7lia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c0rea de difusi\u00f3<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tot l&#8217;\u00e0mbit cultural cristi\u00e0; especialment present en la iconografia i la literatura de l&#8217;Europa occidental. En l&#8217;\u00e8poca moderna, present a tot el m\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s de la literatura, la pintura i la cultura popular.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Estat de les fonts<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Is 14,12; Lc 10,18; 2 Cor 11,14; Patr\u00edstica (Or\u00edgenes, Jeroni, Agust\u00ed), Milton, Goethe, Byron, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Doctrina sobre els continguts de les imatges i el seu significat.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconografia<\/span> rom\u00e0ntica, literatura neoesot\u00e8rica.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Denominaci\u00f3 i grafies<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Llat\u00ed:<\/strong> <em>Lucifer<\/em>, \u201eportador de llum\u00bb (de <em>lux<\/em> + <em>ferre<\/em>).<br>Hebreu (Is 14,12): <em>Heulel ben Shachar<\/em>, \u201eresplendent, fill de l&#8217;aurora\u00bb.<br>Grec: <em>Phosphoros<\/em>, \u201eportador de llum\u00bb.<br>Medieval: Llucifer, generalment identificat amb Satan\u00e0s.<\/p><p>El nom \u00e9s astron\u00f2mic: estel del mat\u00ed (Venus). Isa\u00efes 14 \u00e9s un plany burlesc contra un rei babil\u00f2nic que va caure del cel com \u201eestel del mat\u00ed\u00bb. L&#8217;Esgl\u00e9sia primitiva ho va interpretar tipol\u00f2gicament com la caiguda de l&#8217;\u00e0ngel suprem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Trets caracter\u00edstics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Aparen\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p><p>Originalment, el m\u00e9s bell dels <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions abra\u00e0miques, un \u00e9sser missatger celestial de D\u00e9u.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e0ngels<\/span>. Despr\u00e9s de la caiguda: fosc i desfigurat (patr\u00edstica) o digne i tr\u00e0gic (Milton). La <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Estudi dels continguts d'una imatge i el seu significat.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconografia<\/span> moderna abasta des del diable amb banyes fins al geni rom\u00e0ntic i melanc\u00f2lic.<\/p><p><strong>Comportament<\/strong><\/p><p>Abans de la caiguda: el m\u00e9s alt dels <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions abra\u00e0miques, un \u00e9sser missatger celestial de D\u00e9u.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e0ngels<\/span> en pres\u00e8ncia de D\u00e9u. En la caiguda: vol ser com D\u00e9u, crida a la rebel\u00b7li\u00f3. Despr\u00e9s de la caiguda: temptador, senyor de l&#8217;infern i, alhora, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un signe que representa una idea o un significat.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00edmbol<\/span> d&#8217;una p\u00e8rdua immensa.<\/p><p><strong>\u00c0mbit d&#8217;acci\u00f3<\/strong><\/p><p>Cosmicament, figura clau del <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un relat transm\u00e8s sobre d\u00e9us, or\u00edgens i l'ordre del m\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">mite<\/span> de la caiguda dels \u00e0ngels. \u00c8ticament, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un signe que representa una idea o un significat.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00edmbol<\/span> de l&#8217;orgull. Liter\u00e0riament i culturalment, pedra de toc de l&#8217;autoafirmaci\u00f3 humana.<\/p><p><strong>Origen mitol\u00f2gic<\/strong><\/p><p>Nom astron\u00f2mic de Venus, carregat teol\u00f2gicament per Isa\u00efes 14 i els relats de la caiguda del Nou Testament. La patr\u00edstica el va convertir en la figura origin\u00e0ria del mal.<\/p><div><p><strong>Jerarquia ang\u00e8lica medieval i Dante<\/strong><\/p><p>En la jerarquia ang\u00e8lica medieval segons el Pseudo-Dion\u00eds l&#8217;Areopagita (<em>De caelesti hierarchia<\/em>, ca. 500), Luzifer pertanyia originalment al cor m\u00e9s alt, el dels serafins, i la seva rebel\u00b7li\u00f3 i caiguda constitueixen l&#8217;exemple paradigm\u00e0tic de l&#8217;orgull (<em>superbia<\/em>).<\/p><p>La <em>Divina Commedia<\/em> de Dante (ca. 1308, 1320) situa Luzifer al nov\u00e8 i m\u00e9s profund cercle de l&#8217;infern (<em>Cocit<\/em>), com un \u00e9sser de tres caps, cadascun amb dues cares, que mastega els tres m\u00e9s grans tra\u00efdors de la humanitat: Judes, Brutus i Cassi.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Aquesta posici\u00f3 converteix el Luzifer de Dante en la forma iconogr\u00e0fica de refer\u00e8ncia durant diversos segles. No ser\u00e0 fins al <em>Paradise Lost<\/em> de John Milton (1667) que es despla\u00e7a l&#8217;eix de simpatia: el seu Luzifer \u00e9s un tr\u00e0gic sublim, la caiguda del qual commou el lector; aquesta lectura marca la recepci\u00f3 rom\u00e0ntica de Luzifer (William Blake, <em>The Marriage of Heaven and Hell<\/em>, 1790; Lord Byron, <em>Cain<\/em>, 1821).<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fitxa: Luzifer<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Els aspectes m\u00e9s importants de Luzifer d&#8217;un cop d&#8217;ull. Trobareu el desenvolupament sobre el nom, la descripci\u00f3, la defensa i els paral\u00b7lels en els apartats seg\u00fcents.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Origen de Luzifer<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nom de l&#8217;estel del mat\u00ed (Venus); relacionat tipol\u00f2gicament amb la caiguda dels \u00e0ngels a Isa\u00efes 14. Identificat medievalment amb Satan.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Objecte d'acci\u00f3<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ambiciosos, orgullosos, elit espiritual (patr\u00edstica); com a figura liter\u00e0ria: l&#8217;\u00e9sser hum\u00e0 modern a la recerca de l&#8217;autodeterminaci\u00f3.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aparen\u00e7a de Luzifer<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>El m\u00e9s bell dels <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions abra\u00e0miques, un \u00e9sser missatger celestial de D\u00e9u.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e0ngels<\/span>; fosc despr\u00e9s de la caiguda. El Luzifer de Milton: digne, tr\u00e0gic. La <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Estudi dels continguts d'una imatge i el seu significat.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconografia<\/span> varia des de la figura diab\u00f2lica fins al geni melanc\u00f2lic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c0mbit d'acci\u00f3<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Temptaci\u00f3 cap a l&#8217;orgull i l&#8217;autoafirmaci\u00f3. Provoca la caiguda dels \u00e0ngels. Alhora, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un signe que representa una idea o un significat.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00edmbol<\/span> de la p\u00e8rdua tr\u00e0gica de la proximitat divina.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protecci\u00f3<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Com en el cas de Satan: sagraments, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'adre\u00e7ament ling\u00fc\u00edstic d'una persona a una divinitat.\" tabindex=\"0\">preg\u00e0ria<\/span>, invocaci\u00f3 dels sants, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Expulsi\u00f3 ritual d'un esperit o dimoni considerat nociu.\" tabindex=\"0\">exorcisme<\/span>. Tradici\u00f3 espiritual: especialment la humilitat com a contrap\u00e8s a l&#8217;orgull lucifer\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paral\u00b7lels de Luzifer<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un element tem\u00e0tic recurrent en l'art o la narrativa.\" tabindex=\"0\">Motiu<\/span> d&#8217;\u00cdcar (antiguitat), Prometeu (rebel\u00b7li\u00f3 dels titans), Samael (jueu), Iblis (islam), figures modernes de rebel\u00b7li\u00f3 (el Ca\u00edn de Byron, el Satan de Milton).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pr\u00e0ctica de protecci\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Rituals de defensa<\/strong><\/p><p>Com en la defensa general cristiana contra els dimonis. En l&#8217;\u00e0mbit mon\u00e0stic i asc\u00e8tic es destaca especialment: la humilitat com a virtut dirigida contra l&#8217;orgull, la confessi\u00f3 regular, la lectio com a pr\u00e0ctica de protecci\u00f3.<\/p><p><strong>Exorcismes<\/strong><\/p><p>Les f\u00f3rmules d&#8217;exorcisme solen anomenar Llucifer conjuntament amb Satan\u00e0s. Els sermons i reculls d&#8217;exemples medievals adverteixen de la <em>superbia luciferina<\/em> (\u00aborgull lucifer\u00ed\u00bb).<\/p><p><strong>Amulets i s\u00edmbols de protecci\u00f3<\/strong><\/p><p>Les representacions de sant Miquel que mostren la caiguda de Llucifer tenen for\u00e7a apotropaica pr\u00f2pia. La medalla de sant Benet amb \u00abVRS NSMV SMQL IVB\u00bb, el cl\u00e0ssic conjur llat\u00ed de protecci\u00f3 contra Satan\u00e0s\/Llucifer.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recepci\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Iconografia medieval:<\/strong> Dante situa Llucifer al cercle infernal m\u00e9s profund, en un gel etern. La pintura eclesi\u00e0stica medieval mostra la caiguda com un gran motiu iconogr\u00e0fic; Miquel amb l&#8217;espasa contra l&#8217;\u00e0ngel de llum que cau.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet><strong>El Paradise Lost de Milton:<\/strong> l&#8217;epopeia de John Milton (1667) dibuixa un Llucifer de grandesa tr\u00e0gica: \u00abBetter to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven\u00bb. Aquesta figura marca la recepci\u00f3 liter\u00e0ria de la modernitat.<\/span><\/p><p><strong>Romanticisme, simbolisme, modernitat:<\/strong> Byron, Baudelaire i Stefan George veuen Llucifer com a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un signe que representa una idea o un significat.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00edmbol<\/span> de l&#8217;autoafirmaci\u00f3 humana. En l&#8217;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Terme gen\u00e8ric per a doctrines que reivindiquen un coneixement ocult, accessible nom\u00e9s als iniciats.\" tabindex=\"0\">esoterisme<\/span> modern (luciferianisme) es reinterpreta de vegades en sentit positiu, una inversi\u00f3 que la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La doctrina cient\u00edfica sobre D\u00e9u i sobre la fe d'una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> majorit\u00e0ria no comparteix.<\/p><div><p><strong>Estudi teol\u00f2gic i literari<\/strong><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Obres de refer\u00e8ncia sobre la tradici\u00f3 de Llucifer: Jeffrey Burton Russell, <em>Lucifer. The Devil in the Middle Ages<\/em> (Cornell University Press, Ithaca 1984); Bernard McGinn, <em>Antichrist. Two Thousand Years of the Human Fascination with Evil<\/em> (Harper, San Francisco 1994); Jonathan A. Glenn (ed.), <em>Lucifer in the Middle Ages<\/em> (1990).<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Per a l&#8217;estudi literari, Helen Gardner, <em>Religion and Literature<\/em> (Faber, London 1971); Christopher Ricks, <em>Milton&#8217;s Grand Style<\/em> (Clarendon, Oxford 1963).<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>La identificaci\u00f3 de Llucifer amb Satan\u00e0s est\u00e0 estandarditzada patr\u00edsticament, per\u00f2 es discuteix teol\u00f2gicament de manera puntual; alguns te\u00f2legs m\u00e9s recents (Avraham Yarmolinsky, Elaine Pagels, <em>The Origin of Satan<\/em>, 1995) defensen una separaci\u00f3 m\u00e9s cr\u00edtica entre la tradici\u00f3 jueva referida al model de Satan\u00e0s i la tradici\u00f3 mitol\u00f2gica cristiana de Llucifer.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4b958d3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp4b958d3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd88c54d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpd88c54d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Isa\u00efes 14: la caiguda de l'estel del mat\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpee5ce79 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpee5ce79\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp31210db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp31210db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>El nom Llucifer t\u00e9 un origen prec\u00eds i determinable.<\/p><p>Prov\u00e9 de la traducci\u00f3 llatina de la B\u00edblia feta per Jeroni, la Vulgata, i apareix al llibre d&#8217;Isa\u00efes, cap\u00edtol 14, vers 12. La paraula hebrea d&#8217;aquest passatge \u00e9s <em>helel ben x\u00e0har<\/em>, que significa aproximadament \u00abresplendent, fill de l&#8217;aurora\u00bb i designa l&#8217;estel del mat\u00ed, \u00e9s a dir, el planeta Venus al cel matinal.<\/p><p>Jeroni ho va traduir com a <em>lucifer<\/em>, \u00abportador de llum\u00bb, una paraula corrent en llat\u00ed per referir-se a l&#8217;estel del mat\u00ed.<\/p><p>El context del passatge \u00e9s una burla. Isa\u00efes 14 \u00e9s un poema contra el rei de Babil\u00f2nia.<\/p><p>El text escarneix: \u00abCom has caigut del cel, estel resplendent del mat\u00ed\u00bb. Es refereix a la caiguda d&#8217;un governant terrenal arrogant que va voler elevar-se per sobre dels estels i que \u00e9s precipitat al m\u00f3n inferior. En el seu sentit original no es tracta d&#8217;un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions abra\u00e0miques, un \u00e9sser missatger celestial de D\u00e9u.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e0ngel<\/span> caigut.<\/p><p>Nom\u00e9s la interpretaci\u00f3 cristiana va relacionar aquest passatge amb la idea de la caiguda d&#8217;un \u00e0ngel arrogant. Te\u00f2legs paleocristians com Or\u00edgenes van llegir Isa\u00efes 14, juntament amb Ezequiel 28, un cant de dol pel rei de Tir, com una descripci\u00f3 encoberta de la caiguda d&#8217;un pr\u00edncep ang\u00e8lic. Aix\u00ed, l&#8217;\u00abestel del mat\u00ed\u00bb de la burla babil\u00f2nica es va convertir en el nom propi d&#8217;un \u00e0ngel caigut.<\/p><p>Aquesta hist\u00f2ria interpretativa est\u00e0 ben documentada i \u00e9s \u00e0mpliament compartida per la recerca hist\u00f2rico-cr\u00edtica. Mostra que Llucifer, com a nom propi, no \u00e9s una dada b\u00edblica, sin\u00f3 el resultat d&#8217;un llarg treball d&#8217;interpretaci\u00f3 que va consolidar una imatge po\u00e8tica en una figura aut\u00f2noma.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6947b00 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp6947b00\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7ba27cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp7ba27cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Llucifer, Satan\u00e0s, el diable: tres termes i la seva fusi\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7556b0e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp7556b0e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpef87bcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpef87bcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En la imaginaci\u00f3 popular, Llucifer, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171368\">Satan\u00e0s<\/a> i el diable s\u00f3n una sola i mateixa figura. Des del punt de vista de la hist\u00f2ria de les religions, es tracta de tres termes d&#8217;origen diferent que nom\u00e9s amb el temps es van identificar entre ells.<\/p><p><em>Satan\u00e0s<\/em> \u00e9s una paraula hebrea que significa \u00abadversari\u00bb o \u00abacusador\u00bb. Al llibre de Job, Satan\u00e0s \u00e9s un membre de la cort celestial, un acusador al servei de D\u00e9u, no un d\u00e9u rival independent.<\/p><p><em>Diable<\/em> ve, a trav\u00e9s del grec, de <em>diabolos<\/em>, tamb\u00e9 \u00abcalumniador, acusador\u00bb, amb el qual la traducci\u00f3 grega de la B\u00edblia reprodu\u00efa l&#8217;hebreu <em>satan<\/em>. <em>Llucifer<\/em>, finalment, \u00e9s, com s&#8217;ha exposat, una paraula llatina d&#8217;Isa\u00efes 14.<\/p><p>Els tres fils es van fusionar en una sola figura al llarg de la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La doctrina cient\u00edfica sobre D\u00e9u i sobre la fe d'una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> paleocristiana i medieval. S&#8217;hi va afegir el relat de la caiguda dels <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions abra\u00e0miques, un \u00e9sser missatger celestial de D\u00e9u.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e0ngels<\/span> rebels, que es nodria d&#8217;al\u00b7lusions b\u00edbliques disperses i de la literatura intertestament\u00e0ria, com el llibre et\u00edop d&#8217;Enoc.<\/p><p>El resultat va ser una idea unificada: un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions abra\u00e0miques, un \u00e9sser missatger celestial de D\u00e9u.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e0ngel<\/span> antany elevat anomenat Llucifer, que es va rebel\u00b7lar contra D\u00e9u, va ser precipitat del cel juntament amb el seu seguici, i des d&#8217;aleshores sedueix els humans com Satan\u00e0s o com el diable.<\/p><p>Certa tradici\u00f3 eclesi\u00e0stica encara distingeix lleugerament entre l&#8217;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions abra\u00e0miques, un \u00e9sser missatger celestial de D\u00e9u.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e0ngel<\/span> anterior a la caiguda, Llucifer, i el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c9sser espiritual al qual s'atribueix un efecte nociu o ambivalent.\" tabindex=\"0\">dimoni<\/span> posterior a la caiguda, Satan\u00e0s. Altres corrents utilitzen els noms com a sin\u00f2nims. Per a una comprensi\u00f3 precisa, \u00e9s important tenir present l&#8217;origen diferent d&#8217;aquests termes, en lloc de donar per fet aquesta fusi\u00f3.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa39bbe1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa39bbe1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26a230c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp26a230c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L'her\u00e8ncia de l'Esgl\u00e9sia antiga: per qu\u00e8 Llucifer tamb\u00e9 va ser un nom de sant<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1b5e939 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp1b5e939\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc2ca524 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpc2ca524\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Una dada sovint passada per alt mostra com d&#8217;tardana va ser la fixaci\u00f3 negativa del nom. En el cristianisme llat\u00ed de l&#8217;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c8poca de transici\u00f3 entre l'Antiguitat i l'Edat Mitjana, aproximadament del segle III al VII.\" tabindex=\"0\">antiguitat tardana<\/span>, <em>Lucifer<\/em> era un nom de persona corrent, sense cap connotaci\u00f3 negativa.<\/p><p>El portador m\u00e9s conegut \u00e9s Luci de C\u00e0ller, un bisbe de Sardenya del segle IV, que es va mostrar com un oponent implacable de l&#8217;arianisme. En part de la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La transmissi\u00f3 de coneixements i relats al llarg de generacions.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici\u00f3<\/span> fins i tot \u00e9s venerat com a sant.<\/p><p>Tamb\u00e9 en la poesia cristiana de l&#8217;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c8poca de la cultura grega i romana, aproximadament del 800 a. C. al 600 d. C.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antiguitat<\/span>, <em>lucifer<\/em> podia utilitzar-se sense cap problema com a designaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;estel del mat\u00ed, de vegades fins i tot en un sentit positiu, referit a Crist. A l&#8217;<em>Exsultet<\/em>, l&#8217;himne de lloan\u00e7a de la nit de Pasqua, es parla de Crist com el veritable estel del mat\u00ed; el text llat\u00ed utilitza aqu\u00ed la paraula <em>lucifer<\/em> en el seu significat original i innocu.<\/p><p>No va ser fins a l&#8217;Edat Mitjana que el nom es va imposar definitivament com a designaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;\u00e0ngel caigut, fins al punt que ja no es podia utilitzar com a nom de persona. La investigaci\u00f3 hi veu un proc\u00e9s en el qual la interpretaci\u00f3 teol\u00f2gica d&#8217;Isa\u00efes 14 va anar despla\u00e7ant progressivament el significat quotidi\u00e0 del terme.<\/p><p>Aquesta dada \u00e9s reveladora des del punt de vista de la hist\u00f2ria de les religions. Demostra que la identitat &#8222;Lucifer \u00e9s el diable&#8220; no estava establerta des del principi, sin\u00f3 que es va anar formant al llarg de segles. Qui avui sent aquest nom pensa inevitablement en el diable; un cristi\u00e0 de l&#8217;antiguitat tardana hauria pensat primer en l&#8217;estel del mat\u00ed o en un bisbe.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp75fe370 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp75fe370\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3d0a0fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp3d0a0fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">El Lucifer de Milton i el Romanticisme: l'ascens d'una figura liter\u00e0ria<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0b17e71 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp0b17e71\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfd18aa3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpfd18aa3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>La carrera liter\u00e0ria de Lucifer est\u00e0 estretament lligada al poema \u00e8pic de John Milton <em>Paradise Lost<\/em> (1667). Milton descriu la caiguda dels <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions abra\u00e0miques, un \u00e9sser celestial missatger de D\u00e9u.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e0ngels<\/span> i converteix la figura, a la qual anomena majorit\u00e0riament <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171368\">Satan\u00e0s<\/a>, en la protagonista dram\u00e0tica dels primers llibres.<\/span><\/p><p>El seu Satan\u00e0s \u00e9s eloq\u00fcent, de voluntat ferma i tr\u00e0gic; la famosa frase segons la qual \u00e9s millor governar a l&#8217;infern que servir al cel resumeix el seu desafiament.<\/p><p>Milton certament no volia crear un heroi, per\u00f2 l&#8217;efecte va ser ambivalent. Ja al segle XVIII, i especialment al segle XIX, poetes i cr\u00edtics rom\u00e0ntics van llegir el Satan\u00e0s de Milton com una figura fascinant, gaireb\u00e9 admirable, de rebel\u00b7li\u00f3. William Blake va formular la tesi provocadora que Milton era &#8222;del partit del diable, sense saber-ho&#8220;.<\/p><p>Al Romanticisme, la figura de llum caiguda es va convertir en el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una imatge gr\u00e0fica que representa una idea abstracta.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00edmbol<\/span> del rebel, del cercador de llibertat, del qui s&#8217;al\u00e7a contra un ordre percebut com a tir\u00e0nic. Lord Byron, Percy Shelley i altres van reprendre el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un element tem\u00e0tic recurrent en l'art o la narrativa.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiu<\/span>. Aquesta figura de Lucifer &#8222;simp\u00e0tica&#8220; \u00e9s una construcci\u00f3 liter\u00e0ria que s&#8217;allunya molt de la dada teol\u00f2gica.<\/p><p>En la cultura popular moderna, totes dues coexisteixen: el diable amena\u00e7ador de la tradici\u00f3 cristiana i el Lucifer carism\u00e0tic i ambivalent de la l\u00ednia liter\u00e0ria. S\u00e8ries de televisi\u00f3, novel\u00b7les i c\u00f2mics s&#8217;inspiren sobretot en la segona. Per a l&#8217;observaci\u00f3 cient\u00edfica \u00e9s important separar aquesta capa de recepci\u00f3 de la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La transmissi\u00f3 de coneixements i relats al llarg de generacions.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici\u00f3<\/span> b\u00edblica i de l&#8217;esgl\u00e9sia antiga, en lloc de barrejar-les.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enlla\u00e7os relacionats<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Enlla\u00e7os interns recomanats:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171364\">Cristianisme<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171368\">Satan\u00e0s<\/a> (sovint id\u00e8ntic)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171363\">Azazel<\/a> (antecedents)<\/li><li>Caiguda dels \u00e0ngels i tradici\u00f3 apocal\u00edptica<\/li><li>Milton, Paradise Lost<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bibliografia de recerca<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Una selecci\u00f3 d&#8217;obres centrals sobre Lucifer:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Russell, Jeffrey Burton: <em>Lucifer. The Devil in the Middle Ages<\/em>. Ithaca 1984.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Forsyth, Neil: <em>The Satanic Epic<\/em>. Princeton 2003 (sobre Milton).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Kelly, Henry Ansgar: <em>Satan. A Biography<\/em>. Cambridge 2006.<\/span><\/li><li>Schrock, Chad: <em>Lucifer. The Devil in the Middle Ages<\/em>. Ressenya.<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Pagels, Elaine: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/originofsatan00page\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Origin of Satan<\/a><\/em>. New York 1995.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><p><strong>Bibliografia est\u00e0ndard (Cristianisme):<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet><strong>Markschies, Christoph<\/strong>: <em>Das <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c8poca de la cultura grega i romana, aproximadament del 800 a. C. al 600 d. C.\" tabindex=\"0\">antike<\/span> Christentum. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'actitud i pr\u00e0ctica religiosa viscuda per una persona.\" tabindex=\"0\">Fr\u00f6mmigkeit<\/span>, Lebensformen, Institutionen. Beck, M\u00fcnchen 2006.<\/em><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>M\u00e9s obres est\u00e0ndard al <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171483\">recull bibliogr\u00e0fic<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f696167 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f696167\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17ff7e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17ff7e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Preguntes freq\u00fcents sobre Llucifer<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Qui \u00e9s Llucifer en la tradici\u00f3 cristiana?<\/h3><p>Llucifer (en llat\u00ed Lucifer, portador de llum) designa originalment l&#8217;estel del mat\u00ed, Venus, l&#8217;estel m\u00e9s brillant abans de la sortida del sol. No va ser fins a la traducci\u00f3 de la Vulgata d&#8217;Isa\u00efes 14,12 que el terme es va aplicar a un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions abra\u00e0miques, un \u00e9sser missatger celestial de D\u00e9u.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e0ngel<\/span> expulsat del cel.<\/p><p>A l&#8217;edat mitjana cristiana, Llucifer es va fondre amb la figura de Satan\u00e0s per formar l&#8217;arc\u00e0ngel caigut, que es va rebel\u00b7lar contra D\u00e9u per orgull. En l&#8217;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Terme gen\u00e8ric per a doctrines que reivindiquen un coneixement ocult, accessible nom\u00e9s als iniciats.\" tabindex=\"0\">esoterisme<\/span> modern (teosofia, antroposofia), Llucifer s&#8217;interpreta de manera m\u00e9s diferenciada com la for\u00e7a espiritual luciferina de l&#8217;orgull i l&#8217;autosufici\u00e8ncia.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Quina \u00e9s la difer\u00e8ncia entre Llucifer i Satan\u00e0s?<\/h3><p>Hist\u00f2ricament es tracta de dues figures diferents. Satan\u00e0s prov\u00e9 de l&#8217;hebreu (acusador) i a l&#8217;Antic Testament apareix inicialment de manera neutra.<\/p><p>Llucifer \u00e9s una denominaci\u00f3 llatina de l&#8217;estel del mat\u00ed, que es va vincular amb una figura d&#8217;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions abra\u00e0miques, un \u00e9sser missatger celestial de D\u00e9u.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e0ngel<\/span> caigut a trav\u00e9s d&#8217;una traducci\u00f3 del passatge d&#8217;Isa\u00efes 14,12. No va ser fins a la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La doctrina cient\u00edfica sobre D\u00e9u i sobre la fe d'una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> medieval que es van fondre en una sola figura. Els corrents teol\u00f2gics i esot\u00e8rics moderns sovint els tornen a diferenciar.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Qui \u00e9s Llucifer en la tradici\u00f3 cristiana?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Llucifer (en llat\u00ed Lucifer, portador de llum) designa originalment l'estel del mat\u00ed, Venus, l'estel m\u00e9s brillant abans de la sortida del sol. No va ser fins a la traducci\u00f3 de la Vulgata d'Isa\u00efes 14,12 que el terme es va aplicar a un \u00e0ngel expulsat del cel.A l'edat mitjana cristiana, Llucifer es va fondre amb la figura de Satan\u00e0s per formar l'arc\u00e0ngel caigut, que es va rebel\u00b7lar contra D\u00e9u per orgull. En l'esoterisme modern (teosofia, antroposofia), Llucifer s'interpreta de manera m\u00e9s diferenciada com la for\u00e7a espiritual luciferina de l'orgull i l'autosufici\u00e8ncia.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Quina \u00e9s la difer\u00e8ncia entre Llucifer i Satan\u00e0s?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Hist\u00f2ricament es tracta de dues figures diferents. Satan\u00e0s prov\u00e9 de l'hebreu (acusador) i a l'Antic Testament apareix inicialment de manera neutra.Llucifer \u00e9s una denominaci\u00f3 llatina de l'estel del mat\u00ed, que es va vincular amb una figura d'\u00e0ngel caigut a trav\u00e9s d'una traducci\u00f3 del passatge d'Isa\u00efes 14,12. No va ser fins a la teologia medieval que es van fondre en una sola figura. Els corrents teol\u00f2gics i esot\u00e8rics moderns sovint els tornen a diferenciar.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1567,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Llucifer","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Llucifer - El portador de llum que va caure, \u00e0ngel de l'orgull","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Llucifer \u00e9s, en la tradici\u00f3 cristiana, la figura de l'\u00e0ngel caigut m\u00e9s elevat. La identificaci\u00f3 amb Satan\u00e0s \u00e9s medieval; origin\u00e0riament...","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"5","wesen_kultur":"christentum","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-171370","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Llucifer - El portador de llum que va caure, \u00e0ngel de l&#039;orgull<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Llucifer \u00e9s, en la tradici\u00f3 cristiana, la figura de l&#039;\u00e0ngel caigut m\u00e9s elevat. 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