{"id":171368,"date":"2026-09-05T15:38:48","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T15:38:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=171368"},"modified":"2026-09-05T15:56:01","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T15:56:01","slug":"satan","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/satan\/","title":{"rendered":"Satan"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"171368\" class=\"elementor elementor-171368 elementor-1018\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Satan, d\u00e9u de la tradici\u00f3 cristiana<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>L&#8217;Adversari, figura principal de la demonologia cristiana.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00e9u \/ Deessa: Poder suprem personificat en el pante\u00f3 d'una cultura, amb funcions clares, forces naturals, dest\u00ed, guerra, fertilitat. Venerat mitjan\u00e7ant cultes, sacrificis i institucions templ\u00e0ries.\">D\u00e9u<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171364\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tradici\u00f3 cristiana amb els seus \u00e0ngels, dimonis i \u00e9ssers m\u00edstics.\">Cristianisme<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171458\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Pot\u00e8ncies del caos i adversaris c\u00f2smics, contrincants en el dualisme de la hist\u00f2ria de les religions.\">Anti-d\u00e9u<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No s&#039;ha trobat cap encap\\u00e7alament en aquesta p\\u00e0gina.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00cdndex\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_satan-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1568\" alt=\"Satan\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_satan-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_satan-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_satan-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_satan.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Satan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Satan \u00e9s la figura antagonista central de la tradici\u00f3 cristiana. Des de l&#8217;hebreu <em>ha-satan<\/em> (\u00abl&#8217;acusador\u00bb) al llibre de Job fins al \u00abdiable\u00bb personificat del Nou Testament, es produeix un canvi de significat: d&#8217;un rol funcional al costat del tron de D\u00e9u a un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions abrah\u00e0miques, un \u00e9sser missatger celestial de D\u00e9u.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e0ngel<\/span> caigut i senyor de l&#8217;infern. En la patr\u00edstica i l&#8217;edat mitjana esdev\u00e9 l&#8217;adversari c\u00f2smic i l\u00edder de tots els dimonis.<\/p><p>Estructuralment, Satan es mant\u00e9 dins el marc monoteista: \u00e9s una criatura, no un d\u00e9u contrari. El seu poder \u00e9s derivat i, al final, vencible. Tot i aix\u00ed, desplega una pres\u00e8ncia iconogr\u00e0fica i narrativa enorme, en l&#8217;art, la literatura (Dante, Milton, Goethe) i la cultura popular, on passa de ser un monstre infernal a una figura tr\u00e0gica i rebel.<\/p><div><p><strong>Estrats en la hist\u00f2ria de les religions<\/strong><\/p><p>Satan no \u00e9s una figura homog\u00e8nia, sin\u00f3 un complex d&#8217;estrats en la hist\u00f2ria de les religions format per almenys quatre l\u00ednies de tradici\u00f3 diferents. L&#8217;estrat jueu (Tanakh) mostra <em>ha-satan<\/em> com \u00abl&#8217;acusador\u00bb davant el tron celestial, amb una funci\u00f3 positiva dins l&#8217;administraci\u00f3 divina (Job 1, 2; Zacaries 3; Nombres 22).<\/p><p>L&#8217;estrat intertestamentari (Llibre d&#8217;Enoc, Llibre dels Jubileus, Testament dels dotze patriarques) fa aut\u00f2noma aquesta figura i la relaciona amb els vigilants caiguts del G\u00e8nesi 6. L&#8217;estrat neotestamentari transforma l&#8217;acusador en l&#8217;enemic principal de Crist i de la comunitat (Mateu 4, Lluc 4, Apocalipsi 12, 20).<\/p><p>L&#8217;estrat patr\u00edstic i medieval desenvolupa aquesta concepci\u00f3 fins a una demonologia elaborada, en la qual Satan \u00e9s el comandant suprem dels <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions abrah\u00e0miques, un \u00e9sser missatger celestial de D\u00e9u.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e0ngels<\/span> caiguts.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perfil breu: Satan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tipus:<\/strong> Adversari principal, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions abrah\u00e0miques, un \u00e9sser missatger celestial de D\u00e9u.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e0ngel<\/span> caigut<br>Origen: Origin\u00e0riament acusador div\u00ed; tradici\u00f3 posterior: caiguda de Llucifer<br>Textos: Job, Evangelis, Apocalipsi, patr\u00edstica, escol\u00e0stica<br>Per\u00edode: Del segle I dC fins a l&#8217;actualitat<br>Defensa: Sagraments, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Expulsi\u00f3 ritual d'un esperit o dimoni considerat nociu.\" tabindex=\"0\">exorcisme<\/span>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'adre\u00e7ament verbal d'una persona a una divinitat.\" tabindex=\"0\">preg\u00e0ria<\/span>, invocaci\u00f3 dels sants<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klaerung1777534989 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klaerung1777534989\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klar1777534989 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"klar1777534989\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><em><strong>Diferenciaci\u00f3 respecte al Leviatan:<\/strong> A difer\u00e8ncia del <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171371\">Leviatan<\/a>, el monstre mar\u00ed c\u00f2smic com a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un signe que representa una idea o significat.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00edmbol<\/span> del caos desfermat, Satan \u00e9s una <strong>figura personificada<\/strong>, l&#8217;adversari, que entra en di\u00e0leg amb D\u00e9u i amb els humans, i que apareix com a agent actiu en la tradici\u00f3 jueva i cristiana.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introducci\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Per\u00edode dels textos<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En l&#8217;Antic Testament apareix com \u00abl&#8217;acusador\u00bb (Job, Zacaries), sense una definici\u00f3 personal clara. En el Nou Testament apareix com un adversari clarament mal\u00e8vol (temptaci\u00f3 de Jes\u00fas, Apocalipsi). La patr\u00edstica i l&#8217;edat mitjana desenvolupen sistem\u00e0ticament la figura. La Reforma i l&#8217;\u00e8poca moderna la reinterpreten.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c0rea de difusi\u00f3<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Partint de la Mediterr\u00e0nia oriental, amb la missi\u00f3 cristiana s&#8217;est\u00e9n a tot el m\u00f3n habitat. Cada regi\u00f3 cristiana desenvolupa les seves pr\u00f2pies imatges populars de Satan, que sovint incorporen tradicions demon\u00edaques ind\u00edgenes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Estat de les fonts<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nou Testament, apocalipsis, homilies patr\u00edstiques, literatura vision\u00e0ria medieval (Tundal, Dante), col\u00b7leccions d&#8217;exempla, grimoris, processos de bruixeria, i Milton i Goethe en la literatura.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nom i variants<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Hebreu:<\/strong> <em>ha-satan<\/em> (\u00abl&#8217;acusador\u00bb, Job).<br>Grec: <em>ho Satanas<\/em>, <em>ho diabolos<\/em> (\u00abel confonedor\u00bb).<br>Llat\u00ed: <em>Satanas<\/em>, <em>diabolus<\/em>.<br>Ep\u00edtets: Pr\u00edncep d&#8217;aquest m\u00f3n, Pare de la mentida, l&#8217;antiga serp, el drac, Beelzebul.<\/p><p>La multiplicitat de noms reflecteix el proc\u00e9s pel qual Satan es va convertir en una figura que reuneix diverses tradicions. Les identificacions amb Llucifer (Isa\u00efes 14, tardana), amb la serp primig\u00e8nia (G\u00e8nesi 3, neotestament\u00e0ria), amb Beelzebul (Evangelis) i amb el drac (Apocalipsi) donen lloc a una figura personal coherent, que origin\u00e0riament eren aspectes separats.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Trets caracter\u00edstics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Aparen\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p><p>En el Nou Testament apareix pr\u00e0cticament sense descripci\u00f3 visual, \u00abvaga com un lle\u00f3 rugint\u00bb (1 Pe 5,8), \u00ab<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions abra\u00e0miques, un \u00e9sser missatger celestial de D\u00e9u.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e0ngel<\/span> de llum\u00bb (2 Co 11,14). <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Doctrina sobre els continguts de les imatges i el seu significat.\" tabindex=\"0\">Iconografia<\/span> medieval: banyut, amb peu de cavall, alat, vermell o negre, amb ales de ratpenat. Dante: tric\u00e8fal al palau de gel del nov\u00e8 cercle de l&#8217;infern.<\/p><p><strong>Comportament<\/strong><\/p><p>Tempt\u00e0, acusa, sedueix, enganya. No t\u00e9 for\u00e7a bruta; el seu poder \u00e9s la influ\u00e8ncia i la suggesti\u00f3. A l&#8217;Apocalipsi lluita amb Miquel i, al final, \u00e9s lligat. Entretant, pres\u00e8ncia constant en la vida quotidiana del creient com a temptaci\u00f3.<\/p><p><strong>\u00c0mbit d&#8217;actuaci\u00f3<\/strong><\/p><p>El m\u00f3n sencer (\u00abpr\u00edncep d&#8217;aquest m\u00f3n\u00bb), amb \u00e8mfasis en: la temptaci\u00f3 dels individus, la seducci\u00f3 de pobles sencers, el poder pol\u00edtic (des d&#8217;una perspectiva apocal\u00edptica) i el domini sobre l&#8217;infern.<\/p><p><strong>Origen mitol\u00f2gic<\/strong><\/p><p>Origen en la met\u00e0fora hebrea de la cort judicial (Job: acusador davant el tron de D\u00e9u). En el per\u00edode del Segon Temple, conflu\u00e8ncia amb motius del dualisme irani\u00e0 (Ahriman). Identificaci\u00f3 patr\u00edstica posterior amb la caiguda de Lucifer (Is 14, origin\u00e0riament una pol\u00e8mica contra un rei babil\u00f2nic).<\/p><div><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La doctrina cient\u00edfica sobre D\u00e9u i la fe d'una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">Teologia<\/span> patr\u00edstica<\/strong><\/p><p>Or\u00edgenes discuteix a <em>De principiis<\/em> (ca. 230) la q\u00fcesti\u00f3 de si Satan podria ser redimit al final del m\u00f3n (doctrina de l&#8217;<em>Apocatastasi<\/em>); aquesta posici\u00f3 va ser posteriorment rebutjada com a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Una concepci\u00f3 de fe que difereix de la doctrina eclesi\u00e0stica reconeguda.\" tabindex=\"0\">heretgia<\/span>, per\u00f2 mant\u00e9 l\u00ednies pr\u00f2pies en la tradici\u00f3 de les esgl\u00e9sies orientals.<\/p><p>Agust\u00ed argumenta a <em>De civitate Dei<\/em> (XI, XIV) contra el dualisme maniqueu i insisteix en la secundarietat ontol\u00f2gica del mal: Satan no \u00e9s un d\u00e9u rival, sin\u00f3 una criatura caiguda, l&#8217;exist\u00e8ncia de la qual nom\u00e9s \u00e9s possible com a privaci\u00f3 del b\u00e9.<\/p><p>Aquesta posici\u00f3 continua sent vinculant per a la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La doctrina cient\u00edfica sobre D\u00e9u i la fe d'una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> cat\u00f2lica. El refinament escol\u00e0stic a la <em>Summa Theologiae<\/em> (I, q. 63, 64) sistematitza la doctrina dels <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions abra\u00e0miques, un \u00e9sser missatger celestial de D\u00e9u.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e0ngels<\/span> i situa Satan al capdamunt de la jerarquia caiguda.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fitxa: Satan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Els aspectes m\u00e9s importants de Satan d&#8217;una ullada. El desenvolupament sobre el nom, la descripci\u00f3, la defensa i els paral\u00b7lelismes es troba en les seccions seg\u00fcents.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tradici\u00f3<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Del <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un element de contingut recurrent en l'art o la narrativa.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiu<\/span> hebreu de l'\u00bbacusador\u00bb; identificaci\u00f3 posterior amb el Lucifer caigut. En el per\u00edode del Segon Temple, influ\u00e8ncia de les concepcions dualistes iranianes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Destinataris<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Totes les persones; amb \u00e8mfasi en els individus en temptaci\u00f3, els pobles i els poders pol\u00edtics en interpretaci\u00f3 apocal\u00edptica.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forma<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Al NT, sense imatge. Medieval: banyut, peu de cavall, ales de ratpenat, vermell\/negre. Dante: tric\u00e8fal al palau de gel.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Activitat<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Temptaci\u00f3, seducci\u00f3, acusaci\u00f3, engany. Influ\u00e8ncia en lloc de for\u00e7a bruta. Finalment ven\u00e7ut per Crist.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Formes de defensa<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sagraments (baptisme, eucaristia), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Expulsi\u00f3 ritual d'un esperit o dimoni considerat nociu.\" tabindex=\"0\">exorcisme<\/span>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'adre\u00e7ament verbal d'una persona a una divinitat.\" tabindex=\"0\">preg\u00e0ria<\/span>, invocaci\u00f3 dels sants, aigua beneita, senyal de la creu. Les esgl\u00e9sies ortodoxes tenen un ritual d&#8217;exorcisme propi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c9ssers relacionats<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Azazel (judaisme), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/apophis\/\">Apophis<\/a> (Egipte), Ahriman (zoroastrisme), Iblis (islam), Mara (budisme).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protecci\u00f3 en la vida quotidiana<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Rituals de defensa<\/strong><\/p><p>El baptisme com a protecci\u00f3 fonamental (Abrenuntio Diaboli). Pr\u00e0ctica sacramental regular, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'adre\u00e7ament verbal d'una persona a una divinitat.\" tabindex=\"0\">preg\u00e0ria<\/span> personal, senyal de la creu. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Expulsi\u00f3 ritual d'un esperit o dimoni considerat nociu.\" tabindex=\"0\">Exorcisme<\/span> en casos de possessi\u00f3 reconeguda, regulat a l&#8217;Esgl\u00e9sia cat\u00f2lica fins avui pel Rituale Romanum.<\/p><p><strong>Conjurs<\/strong><\/p><p>F\u00f3rmules d&#8217;exorcisme eclesi\u00e0stiques (Rituale Romanum, eucologis ortodoxos), apotropaics populars (\u00abAparta&#8217;t, Satan\u00bb), f\u00f3rmules de benedicci\u00f3 quotidianes. En la tradici\u00f3 dels grimoris, f\u00f3rmules m\u00e0giques de lligam, condemnades per l&#8217;Esgl\u00e9sia.<\/p><p><strong>Amulets i s\u00edmbols de protecci\u00f3<\/strong><\/p><p>Creu, crucifix, medalla de Sant Benet amb la f\u00f3rmula \u00abVade retro Satana\u00bb, Anyell de D\u00e9u (Agnus Dei), imatges de sants. Aigua beneita com a mitj\u00e0 de protecci\u00f3 quotidi\u00e0.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Satan, paral\u00b7lelismes en altres cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tradici\u00f3 jueva i antecedents:<\/strong> Job, Zacaries, ha-satan com a acusador. Qumran i la literatura apocal\u00edptica radicalitzen la figura. Azazel com a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions abrah\u00e0miques, un \u00e9sser missatger celestial de D\u00e9u.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e0ngel<\/span> caigut emparentat.<\/p><p><strong>Islam:<\/strong> Iblis paral\u00b7lelitza el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un element tem\u00e0tic recurrent en l'art o la narrativa.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiu<\/span> de Satan, per\u00f2 est\u00e0 estructuralment concebut de manera diferent (jinn, no un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions abrah\u00e0miques, un \u00e9sser missatger celestial de D\u00e9u.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e0ngel<\/span> caigut). En la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La religiositat viscuda en la vida quotidiana, sovint al costat de la doctrina oficial.\" tabindex=\"0\">pietat popular<\/span> musulmana \u00e9s un adversari constant.<\/p><p><strong>Altres tradicions:<\/strong> l&#8217;Ahriman zoro\u00e0stric com a possible model. El Mara budista com a temptador sota l&#8217;arbre de la il\u00b7luminaci\u00f3. L&#8217;Apofis egipci com a enemic c\u00f2smic del caos.<\/p><div><p><strong>Reforma i modernitat<\/strong><\/p><p>En la Reforma, Satan adquireix una posici\u00f3 considerable en la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La doctrina cient\u00edfica sobre D\u00e9u i la fe d'una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> de Luter. Els relats propis de Luter sobre trobades amb Satan (com l&#8217;episodi del tinter llan\u00e7at a la Wartburg) s\u00f3n caracter\u00edstics, des del punt de vista de la hist\u00f2ria de les religions, de la forta personalitat de Satan en el discurs protestant del segle XVI. La Contrareforma cat\u00f2lica hi respon amb l&#8217;elaborat aparell d&#8217;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Expulsi\u00f3 ritual d'un esperit o dimoni considerat nociu.\" tabindex=\"0\">exorcisme<\/span> del <em>Rituale Romanum<\/em> (1614).<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>En la modernitat (a partir del segle XVIII), Satan viu una secularitzaci\u00f3 en la tradici\u00f3 liter\u00e0rio-filos\u00f2fica (Milton, <em>Paradise Lost<\/em>, 1667; Goethe, <em>Faust<\/em>, 1808, 1832; Baudelaire, <em>Les Fleurs du Mal<\/em>, 1857), que el converteix, de funci\u00f3 teol\u00f2gica prim\u00e0ria, en figura de t\u00f2pic literari.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcb31e9f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpcb31e9f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp93c4741 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp93c4741\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L'acusador a la cort celestial: Satan a l'Antic Testament<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp952ef1d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp952ef1d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp77d4a38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp77d4a38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La paraula hebrea <em>satan<\/em> significa senzillament &#8222;adversari&#8220;, &#8222;oponent&#8220; o &#8222;acusador&#8220;. En l&#8217;Antic Testament pot designar tamb\u00e9, de manera del tot inespec\u00edfica, un adversari hum\u00e0. Quan es refereix a una figura celestial, sol dur article, <em>ha-satan<\/em>, \u00e9s a dir &#8222;l&#8217;acusador&#8220;, que \u00e9s m\u00e9s aviat una denominaci\u00f3 funcional que un nom propi.<\/p><p>El passatge m\u00e9s conegut es troba al llibre de Job. All\u00e0, <em>ha-satan<\/em> apareix entre els &#8222;fills de D\u00e9u&#8220; que es presenten davant D\u00e9u. No \u00e9s aqu\u00ed un d\u00e9u contrari, sin\u00f3 un membre de la cort celestial, comparable a un funcionari acusador.<\/p><p>Dubta que la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'actitud i la pr\u00e0ctica religiosa viscuda per una persona.\" tabindex=\"0\">pietat<\/span> de Job sigui aut\u00e8ntica, i rep de D\u00e9u el perm\u00eds per posar-la a prova. El satan actua nom\u00e9s dins del marge que D\u00e9u li permet.<\/p><p>De manera semblant, l&#8217;acusador apareix al llibre de Zacaries, on acusa el summe sacerdot Josu\u00e8 davant l&#8217;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions abrah\u00e0miques, un \u00e9sser missatger celestial de D\u00e9u.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e0ngel<\/span> del Senyor i \u00e9s rebutjat.<\/p><p>T\u00e9 una posici\u00f3 especial un passatge de les Cr\u00f2niques, que reformula una narraci\u00f3 m\u00e9s antiga del llibre de Samuel: on all\u00e0 \u00e9s D\u00e9u qui incita David a fer el cens del poble, a les Cr\u00f2niques \u00e9s un <em>satan<\/em>. La investigaci\u00f3 hi veu un primer pas per traslladar accions inc\u00f2modes de D\u00e9u cap a una altra figura.<\/p><p>Cal retenir el seg\u00fcent: en el <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"El conjunt de textos sagrats d'una religi\u00f3 reconegut com a vinculant.\" tabindex=\"0\">c\u00e0non<\/span> hebreu, el satan no \u00e9s cap poder aut\u00f2nom del mal ni el governant d&#8217;un infern. \u00c9s una figura subordinada amb una funci\u00f3 limitada dins l&#8217;aparell celestial. La idea posterior de l&#8217;adversari c\u00f2smic de D\u00e9u encara no est\u00e0 desenvolupada a l&#8217;Antic Testament.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb44b7a5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpb44b7a5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7b6294a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp7b6294a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">El gir intertestamentari: de l'acusador al pr\u00edncep de les tenebres<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp07b8ca8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp07b8ca8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp59fbda8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp59fbda8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>El desenvolupament decisiu es va produir en els segles entre l&#8217;Antic i el Nou Testament, en l&#8217;anomenada literatura intertestament\u00e0ria. En aquesta \u00e8poca, marcada per dominacions estrangeres i crisis religioses, va guanyar terreny la idea que al b\u00e9 s&#8217;hi oposa un poder maligne propi.<\/p><p>Textos com el llibre et\u00edop d&#8217;Enoc van desenvolupar la narraci\u00f3 dels \u00e0ngels caiguts, que es van revoltar contra l&#8217;ordre div\u00ed.<\/p><p>Els escrits del Mar Mort, els textos de la comunitat de Qumran, coneixen una figura anomenada <em>Belial<\/em> o <em>Beliar<\/em> i una doctrina ben desenvolupada de dos esperits, l&#8217;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9sser incorpori al qual s'atribueix efecte en el m\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">esperit<\/span> de la llum i l&#8217;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9sser incorpori al qual s'atribueix efecte en el m\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">esperit<\/span> de les tenebres, que lluiten per l&#8217;\u00e9sser hum\u00e0.<\/p><p>En la investigaci\u00f3 es discuteix la influ\u00e8ncia del dualisme persa, que coneix un poder primigeni bo i un dolent. Si hi va haver una adopci\u00f3 directa o un desenvolupament intern jueu sota pressi\u00f3 externa \u00e9s objecte de controv\u00e8rsia; molt apunta a una interacci\u00f3 entre ambd\u00f3s factors.<\/p><p>Com a resultat, en el Nou Testament apareix una figura clarament desenvolupada. Satan hi apareix com el temptador de Jes\u00fas al desert, com el &#8222;pr\u00edncep d&#8217;aquest m\u00f3n&#8220;, com l&#8217;adversari del regne de D\u00e9u.<\/p><p>L&#8217;Apocalipsi de Joan l&#8217;identifica expressament amb la &#8222;serp antiga&#8220; i el drac, i descriu la seva caiguda definitiva. De l&#8217;oficial acusador celestial del llibre de Job s&#8217;ha convertit aix\u00ed en l&#8217;adversari de D\u00e9u, encara que, a difer\u00e8ncia de la imatge popular posterior, continua estant subordinat al poder de D\u00e9u.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7b84e2a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp7b84e2a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe3de033 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpe3de033\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les banyes i la pota de boc: com el diable va obtenir el seu aspecte<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp14f8fa3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp14f8fa3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7a09c7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp7a09c7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La B\u00edblia no descriu l&#8217;aparen\u00e7a de Satan. La imatge familiar del diable amb banyes, potes de boc, cua, forca i pell vermellosa \u00e9s una creaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;art postb\u00edblic, sobretot medieval. La recerca pot assenyalar diverses fonts d&#8217;aquesta imatge.<\/p><p>Un factor va ser l&#8217;apropiaci\u00f3 de trets de divinitats i esperits de la natura precristians. El d\u00e9u pastor grec Pan i els s\u00e0tirs estaven dotats de banyes, potes de boc i un car\u00e0cter impetu\u00f3s. Quan el cristianisme es va consolidar, aquestes figures van ser demonitzades; els seus trets externs van passar al diable. Tamb\u00e9 els fauns i altres <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9sser que combina caracter\u00edstiques de diversos \u00e9ssers vius.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e9ssers h\u00edbrids<\/span> van aportar elements.<\/p><p>Hi van contribuir tamb\u00e9 imatges b\u00edbliques preses literalment. La par\u00e0bola del judici final parla de la separaci\u00f3 de les \u00abovelles\u00bb dels \u00abbocs\u00bb; aix\u00ed el boc va esdevenir l&#8217;animal dels condemnats.<\/p><p>El foc de l&#8217;infern va explicar el color vermell i la vinculaci\u00f3 amb el fum i la pega. Les ales de ratpenat, que sovint distingeixen el diable dels \u00e0ngels emplomats, subratllaven la seva caiguda i la inversi\u00f3 del que \u00e9s ang\u00e8lic.<\/p><p>L&#8217;art figuratiu medieval, des dels portals de les esgl\u00e9sies fins als timpans, les pintures murals i les miniatures, va consolidar i difondre aquesta imatge. Al teatre, en les representacions sacres, el diable apareixia amb vestuaris corresponents.<\/p><p>Hist\u00f2ricament \u00e9s important assenyalar: l&#8217;aparen\u00e7a del diable no \u00e9s una dada revelada, sin\u00f3 un producte cultural, format per l&#8217;her\u00e8ncia pagana, imatges verbals llegides literalment i la tradici\u00f3 iconogr\u00e0fica de l&#8217;Esgl\u00e9sia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa425a16 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa425a16\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf4291e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf4291e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Satan en la hist\u00f2ria de la teologia: temptador, executor del c\u00e0stig, mite<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5068f65 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5068f65\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3a588a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp3a588a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La interpretaci\u00f3 teol\u00f2gica de Satan mai ha estat uniforme. Ja els pares de l&#8217;Esgl\u00e9sia van debatre sobre l&#8217;origen del mal, si D\u00e9u \u00e9s bo i ho ha creat tot.<\/p><p>Una resposta habitual va ser que Satan era un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions abrah\u00e0miques, un \u00e9sser missatger celestial de D\u00e9u.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e0ngel<\/span> originalment bo que va caure per l&#8217;orgull i una decisi\u00f3 lliure; el mal no seria un \u00e9sser propi, sin\u00f3 una mancan\u00e7a del b\u00e9. Aquesta l\u00ednia, associada especialment a Agust\u00ed, va marcar la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La disciplina cient\u00edfica que estudia D\u00e9u i la fe d'una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> occidental durant segles.<\/p><p>A l&#8217;edat mitjana, la doctrina es va desenvolupar encara m\u00e9s, per exemple amb Tom\u00e0s d&#8217;Aquino, que va tractar sistem\u00e0ticament la naturalesa ang\u00e8lica i la caiguda dels \u00e0ngels. Alhora, en la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La religiositat viscuda en la vida quotidiana, sovint al costat de la doctrina oficial.\" tabindex=\"0\">religiositat popular<\/span> i en la pr\u00e0ctica de l&#8217;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Expulsi\u00f3 ritual d'un esperit o dimoni considerat nociu.\" tabindex=\"0\">exorcisme<\/span> i posteriorment de la ca\u00e7a de bruixes, va guanyar pes una imatge de Satan molt m\u00e9s concreta i dr\u00e0stica, que sovint eclipsava els enunciats teol\u00f2gics m\u00e9s sobris.<\/p><p>Els reformadors, sobretot Mart\u00ed Luter, van parlar de manera molt directa i personal del diable com a adversari real de la fe. En l&#8217;\u00e8poca moderna, en canvi, sobretot des de la Il\u00b7lustraci\u00f3, es va iniciar un distanciament cr\u00edtic. Molts te\u00f2legs van interpretar Satan cada vegada m\u00e9s com un llenguatge simb\u00f2lic o mitol\u00f2gic per al poder del mal, no com un \u00e9sser personal.<\/p><p>En la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La disciplina cient\u00edfica que estudia D\u00e9u i la fe d'una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> actual coexisteixen ambdues concepcions, des del manteniment d&#8217;un poder personal del mal fins a una interpretaci\u00f3 totalment simb\u00f2lica.<\/p><p>Cient\u00edficament aquesta q\u00fcesti\u00f3 no es pot decidir; nom\u00e9s es pot constatar el fet hist\u00f2ric d&#8217;una llarga i polif\u00f2nica hist\u00f2ria d&#8217;interpretaci\u00f3, en la qual Satan ha adoptat formes molt diferents, des de l&#8217;acusador celestial fins al pr\u00edncep de les tenebres, passant pel concepte teol\u00f2gic de controv\u00e8rsia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enlla\u00e7os relacionats<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Enlla\u00e7os interns recomanats:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171364\">Cristianisme<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171370\">Llucifer<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171372\">Beelzebub<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171371\">Leviatan<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171373\">Legi\u00f3<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171363\">Azazel<\/a> (antecedents)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/apophis\/\">Apofis<\/a> (paral\u00b7lelisme estructural)<\/li><li><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Expulsi\u00f3 ritual d'un esperit o dimoni considerat nociu.\" tabindex=\"0\">Exorcisme<\/span> i rituals<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bibliografia (selecci\u00f3)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Una selecci\u00f3 d&#8217;obres centrals sobre Satan i la demonologia cristiana:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Russell, Jeffrey Burton: <em>Satan. The Early Christian Tradition<\/em>. Ithaca 1981 (obra de refer\u00e8ncia en 4 volums).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Pagels, Elaine: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/originofsatan00page\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Origin of Satan<\/a><\/em>. New York 1995.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Forsyth, Neil: <em>The Old Enemy. Satan and the Combat Myth<\/em>. Princeton 1987.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Kelly, Henry Ansgar: <em>Satan. A Biography<\/em>. Cambridge 2006.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Ratzinger, Joseph \/ Messori, Vittorio: <em>Zur Lage des Glaubens<\/em>. M\u00fcnchen 1985 (posicions teol\u00f2giques).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd92fee e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fd92fee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-441e49a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"441e49a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Preguntes freq\u00fcents sobre Satan<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Qui \u00e9s Satan en la tradici\u00f3 judeocristiana?<\/h3><p>Satan (en hebreu ha-Satan, l&#8217;acusador) no \u00e9s, en un principi, en la B\u00edblia hebrea, un adversari de D\u00e9u, sin\u00f3 un servent div\u00ed de la cort celestial que posa a prova els humans, com en el Llibre de Job.<\/p><p>Nom\u00e9s en l&#8217;apocal\u00edptica jueva primitiva i en el Nou Testament Satan es converteix en l&#8217;adversari de D\u00e9u i cap dels <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En les religions abrah\u00e0miques, un \u00e9sser missatger celestial de D\u00e9u.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e0ngels<\/span> caiguts. En l&#8217;edat mitjana cristiana, aquesta figura es va fondre amb diverses concepcions demon\u00edaques per formar la personificaci\u00f3 del mal.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Quina difer\u00e8ncia hi ha entre Satan, Llucifer i el diable?<\/h3><p>Els tres termes tenen arrels diferents: Satan prov\u00e9 de l&#8217;hebreu (acusador), Llucifer del llat\u00ed (portador de llum, en realitat l&#8217;estel del mat\u00ed, Venus) i diable del grec Diabolos (calumniador).<\/p><p>Nom\u00e9s en la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La doctrina cient\u00edfica sobre D\u00e9u i sobre la fe d'una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> medieval els tres es van fondre en una sola figura, l&#8217;arc\u00e0ngel caigut que es va rebel\u00b7lar contra D\u00e9u. En la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La doctrina cient\u00edfica sobre D\u00e9u i sobre la fe d'una religi\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> moderna, els termes es tornen a tractar de manera diferenciada.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Qui \u00e9s Satan en la tradici\u00f3 judeocristiana?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Satan (en hebreu ha-Satan, l'acusador) no \u00e9s, en un principi, en la B\u00edblia hebrea, un adversari de D\u00e9u, sin\u00f3 un servent div\u00ed de la cort celestial que posa a prova els humans, com en el Llibre de Job.Nom\u00e9s en l'apocal\u00edptica jueva primitiva i en el Nou Testament Satan es converteix en l'adversari de D\u00e9u i cap dels \u00e0ngels caiguts. En l'edat mitjana cristiana, aquesta figura es va fondre amb diverses concepcions demon\u00edaques per formar la personificaci\u00f3 del mal.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Quina difer\u00e8ncia hi ha entre Satan, Llucifer i el diable?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Els tres termes tenen arrels diferents: Satan prov\u00e9 de l'hebreu (acusador), Llucifer del llat\u00ed (portador de llum, en realitat l'estel del mat\u00ed, Venus) i diable del grec Diabolos (calumniador).Nom\u00e9s en la teologia medieval els tres es van fondre en una sola figura, l'arc\u00e0ngel caigut que es va rebel\u00b7lar contra D\u00e9u. En la teologia moderna, els termes es tornen a tractar de manera diferenciada.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1568,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Satan Adversari","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Satan - L'Adversari, figura principal de la demonologia cristiana","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Satan \u00e9s la figura antagonista central de la tradici\u00f3 cristiana. Des de l'hebreu ha-satan (\"l'acusador\") al llibre de Job fins al \"diable\" personificat del Nou Testament...","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"5","wesen_kultur":"christentum","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-171368","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Satan - L&#039;Adversari, figura principal de la demonologia cristiana<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Satan \u00e9s la figura antagonista central de la tradici\u00f3 cristiana. Des de l&#039;hebreu ha-satan (&quot;l&#039;acusador&quot;) al llibre de Job fins al &quot;diable&quot; personificat del Nou Testament...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/satan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Satan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Satan \u00e9s la figura antagonista central de la tradici\u00f3 cristiana. Des de l&#039;hebreu ha-satan (&quot;l&#039;acusador&quot;) al llibre de Job fins al &quot;diable&quot; personificat del Nou Testament...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/satan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-05T15:56:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_satan.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/satan\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/satan\\\/\",\"name\":\"Satan - L'Adversari, figura principal de la demonologia cristiana\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/satan\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/satan\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_christentum_satan.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-05T15:38:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-05T15:56:01+00:00\",\"description\":\"Satan \u00e9s la figura antagonista central de la tradici\u00f3 cristiana. Des de l'hebreu ha-satan (\\\"l'acusador\\\") al llibre de Job fins al \\\"diable\\\" personificat del Nou Testament...\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/satan\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/satan\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/satan\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_christentum_satan.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_christentum_satan.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"D\u00e9us de la tradici\u00f3 del cristianisme.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/satan\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/?page_id=171333\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Satan\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ca\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/satan\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/satan\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Satan\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-05T15:38:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-05T15:56:01+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/satan\\\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ca\\\/satan\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_christentum_satan.webp\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"description\":\"Satan \u00e9s la figura antagonista central de la tradici\u00f3 cristiana. Des de l'hebreu ha-satan (\\\"l'acusador\\\") al llibre de Job fins al \\\"diable\\\" personificat del Nou Testament...\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Satan - L'Adversari, figura principal de la demonologia cristiana","description":"Satan \u00e9s la figura antagonista central de la tradici\u00f3 cristiana. Des de l'hebreu ha-satan (\"l'acusador\") al llibre de Job fins al \"diable\" personificat del Nou Testament...","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/satan\/","og_locale":"ca_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"Satan","og_description":"Satan \u00e9s la figura antagonista central de la tradici\u00f3 cristiana. Des de l'hebreu ha-satan (\"l'acusador\") al llibre de Job fins al \"diable\" personificat del Nou Testament...","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/satan\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-09-05T15:56:01+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_satan.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/satan\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/satan\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Satan","datePublished":"2026-09-05T15:38:48+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-05T15:56:01+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/satan\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/satan\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_satan.webp","inLanguage":"ca","description":"Satan \u00e9s la figura antagonista central de la tradici\u00f3 cristiana. Des de l'hebreu ha-satan (\"l'acusador\") al llibre de Job fins al \"diable\" personificat del Nou Testament..."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/satan\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/satan\/","name":"Satan - L'Adversari, figura principal de la demonologia cristiana","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/satan\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/satan\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_satan.webp","datePublished":"2026-09-05T15:38:48+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-05T15:56:01+00:00","description":"Satan \u00e9s la figura antagonista central de la tradici\u00f3 cristiana. Des de l'hebreu ha-satan (\"l'acusador\") al llibre de Job fins al \"diable\" personificat del Nou Testament...","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/satan\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ca","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/satan\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/satan\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_satan.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_satan.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"D\u00e9us de la tradici\u00f3 del cristianisme."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/satan\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?page_id=171333"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Satan"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ca"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/satan\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/satan\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Satan","datePublished":"2026-09-05T15:38:48+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-05T15:56:01+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/satan\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/satan\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_satan.webp","inLanguage":"ca","description":"Satan \u00e9s la figura antagonista central de la tradici\u00f3 cristiana. Des de l'hebreu ha-satan (\"l'acusador\") al llibre de Job fins al \"diable\" personificat del Nou Testament..."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/171368","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=171368"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/171368\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1568"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=171368"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=171368"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}