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e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"56d75fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf05bfb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bf05bfb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26a6dac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"26a6dac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac, \u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09cc\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09be\u09a4\u09be<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a21472 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a21472\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 \u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u0993 \u0986\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u0964\" tabindex=\"0\">\u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/span> \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0-\u0986\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u0997\u09a3\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09af\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09ac\u09cc\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09c1\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be-\u0986\u099a\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac (Padmasambhava, \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 &#8220;\u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u099c\u09be\u09a4&#8221;), \u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09bf \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09b0\u09bf\u09a8\u09aa\u09cb\u099a\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u0995\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09bf\u09a4, \u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u099c\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09be\u09a8-\u09ac\u09cc\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09be\u09a4\u09be \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 \u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u0993 \u0986\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u0964\" tabindex=\"0\">\u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09be<\/span> \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09ae \u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09ad\u09be\u0997\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09a4\u09ae \u09ac\u09cc\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09bf\u0982\u09ae\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u0995\u09c7 &#8220;\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7&#8221; \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c2\u099c\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09a4, \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099a\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09bf\u0982\u09ac\u09a6\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc4c9fa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cc4c9fa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-695667b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"695667b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u09a6\u09c7\u09ac\u09a4\u09be: \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c7\u09ac\u09ae\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u09b2\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09c0 \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09cb\u099a\u09cd\u099a 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-864be76 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"864be76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_padmasambhava-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3277\" alt=\"Padmasambhava - G\u00f6tter aus der Buddhismus-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_padmasambhava-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_padmasambhava-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_padmasambhava-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_padmasambhava.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5748d05 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5748d05\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11a7ae0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"11a7ae0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-882952f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"882952f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 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\u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cc\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09c1\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09ac\u09a4\u09be \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09be\u09b0 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0996 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099a\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ed\u09ed\u09ef \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u0964 David Snellgrove \u0993 Hugh Richardson (&#8220;A Cultural History of Tibet&#8221;, London 1968) \u098f\u0987 \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09a4 \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8, \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1 \u09aa\u09cc\u09b0\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09b2\u0999\u09cd\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u0995\u09bf\u0982\u09ac\u09a6\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf-\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8, \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae \u09a5\u09be\u0982 \u0987\u09af\u09bc\u09bf\u0997 (\u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae-\u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8) \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09c7\u09ae\u09be \u0995\u09be\u09a5\u09be\u0982, &#8220;\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a6-\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a5&#8221; (\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0\u09ae\u09be) \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09a7\u09a8-\u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u0995 (\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0\u09a4\u09cb\u09a8) \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u0997\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09b8\u09c7\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09a4 \u099a\u09a4\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u0993\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b2\u09bf\u0982\u09aa\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09a6\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u0997\u09c1\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09a7\u09a8-\u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u0995\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be &#8220;\u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae\u09cb\u099a\u09bf\u09a4&#8221; \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p><p>\u098f\u0987 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a5\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4, \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u0964 Janet Gyatso &#8220;Apparitions of the Self&#8221; (Princeton 1998)-\u098f \u09a4\u09c7\u09b0\u09ae\u09be-\u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8, \u09af\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8, \u0997\u09cb\u09aa\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be \u0993 \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09ad\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e027c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f1e027c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0260798 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0260798\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ebd706 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ebd706\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099a\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u0986\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09c7 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u09a8\u09bf, \u09ac\u09b0\u0982 \u0993\u09a1\u09cd\u09a1\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u0995\u09cb\u09b7 \u09b9\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u099d\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09ab\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u0986\u099f \u09ac\u099b\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1 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\u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u099a\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a0\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af, \u09af\u09be \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 &#8220;\u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c3\u09a4&#8221; \u0989\u09ce\u09b8\u0995\u09c7 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u099a\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2be71c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a2be71c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b10303 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5b10303\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0986\u099f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6317e37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6317e37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u099f\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09af\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09be \u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09a6\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u0995\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p><p>\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae \u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09aa\u09cb (\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u0995\u09c0\u09af\u09bc), \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09b2\u09cb\u09a6\u09c7\u09a8 \u099a\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u09c7 (\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c0), \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09aa\u09c7\u09ae\u09be \u099c\u09c1\u0982\u09a8\u09c7 (\u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u099c\u09be\u09a4), \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac (\u09b6\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6), \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09b6\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09c7\u0982\u0997\u09c7 (\u09b6\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u0982\u09b9, \u09ad\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c1\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09c7), \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09b8\u09c7\u0982\u0997\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a6\u09cb\u0995 (\u0997\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a8\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09b8\u09bf\u0982\u09b9, \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7), \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09bf\u09ae\u09be \u0993\u099c\u09be\u09b0 (\u09b8\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09bf\u09b0\u09a3, \u09b6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b6\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09c0 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7), \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09a6\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09cb (\u0989\u09a1\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be\u0998\u09bf\u09a8\u09c0\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09ae\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf)\u0964<\/p><p>\u098f\u0987 \u0986\u099f\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09c1\u09b6\u09c3\u0999\u09cd\u0996\u09b2 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09c0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b6\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a4\u0964\" tabindex=\"0\">\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09a6\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1<\/span>, \u09af\u09be \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u099a\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cc\u09b0\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09c8\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b6\u09c3\u0999\u09cd\u0996\u09b2 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-708cb59 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"708cb59\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b7d36b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5b7d36b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u09aa\u09be\u0981\u099a \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u09a8\u09c0<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2616577 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2616577\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac-\u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0981\u099a &#8220;\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be-\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u09a8\u09c0&#8221; (\u0987\u0989\u09ae) \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u0987\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cd\u09b8\u09cb\u0997\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b2, \u098f\u0995\u099c\u09a8 \u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09af\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0993 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u09a8\u09c0 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09bf\u09a4, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09ad\u09be, \u098f\u0995\u099c\u09a8 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u0995\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u0964 \u0987\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cd\u09b8\u09cb\u0997\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b2 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4 \u0985\u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af \u09a4\u09c7\u09b0\u09ae\u09be-\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u099a\u09af\u09bc\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0 \u09ac\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09b2\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u0964<\/p><p>\u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u099a\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 (&#8220;Lady of the Lotus-Born&#8221;) \u09b8\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09a6\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u0986\u099c\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09c7 \u09b2\u09bf\u09aa\u09bf\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09af\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ae\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0964<\/p><p>Janet Gyatso &#8220;Women in Tibet&#8221; (Bloomington 2005)-\u098f \u0987\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cd\u09b8\u09cb\u0997\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09c7 \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09c2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09ae \u09aa\u09be\u09a0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f50750 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1f50750\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fe3315 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4fe3315\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a6-\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a5 (\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0\u09ae\u09be)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39a3df7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"39a3df7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c7 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09ad\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09af\u09ce \u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a5 \u0997\u09cb\u09aa\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4\u0964 \u098f\u0987 &#8220;\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a6&#8221; (\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0\u09ae\u09be) \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u0997\u09a4 (\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0) \u0993 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 (\u0997\u0982\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0) \u09ad\u09be\u0997\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u0964 \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u0997\u09a4\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u0997\u09c1\u09b9\u09be, \u09aa\u09be\u09a5\u09b0, \u09ae\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09be \u099c\u09b2\u09b8\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b2\u09c1\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995-\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09a7\u09a8-\u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u0995\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 (\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0\u09a4\u09cb\u09a8) \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p><p>\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09b8\u09bf\u0995\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 &#8220;\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc&#8221; \u09ae\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4, \u09af\u09be \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf \u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a5\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac-\u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09c2\u09a4 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c8\u09a7\u09a4\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7, \u09aa\u09be\u09a0-\u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995 \u09af\u09be\u099a\u09be\u0987 \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u0987\u0964<\/p><p>\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c7\u09b0\u09ae\u09be-\u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09be \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf &#8220;\u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4&#8221; \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a5-\u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3, \u09af\u09be <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09c0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b6\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a4\u0964\" tabindex=\"0\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7<\/span> \u09b8\u0982\u09ac\u09c3\u09a4 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 \u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u0993 \u0986\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u0964\" tabindex=\"0\">\u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09b0<\/span> \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a6\u09be\u0981\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-801c16e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"801c16e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e817ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7e817ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0993 \u09ac\u099c\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09be\u09a8-\u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a8<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ad8fb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ad8fb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac-\u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09a4 &#8220;\u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09a4\u09be&#8221; (\u099c\u0997\u099a\u09c7\u09a8)-\u0995\u09c7 \u0998\u09bf\u09b0\u09c7, \u09af\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u0982\u09ae\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09cb\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3-\u09b6\u09be\u0996\u09be\u0964 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09bf \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09a4\u09b0 \u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac-\u09ad\u09be\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4, \u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8 \u09ac\u099c\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c0\u09b2\u09af\u09bc-\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u0964<\/p><p>\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb &#8220;\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1-\u09af\u09cb\u0997&#8221; (\u09b2\u09be\u09ae\u09be-\u09af\u09cb\u0997), \u09af\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09af\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u0995\u09b2 \u09ac\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7, \u09ac\u09cb\u09a7\u09bf\u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u0993 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09b8\u09be\u09a4-\u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 &#8220;\u0993\u09ae \u0986\u09b9 \u09b9\u09c1\u0982 \u09ac\u099c\u09cd\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u09b9\u09c1\u0982&#8221; \u09b8\u09ae\u0997\u09cd\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u0982\u09ae\u09be-\u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a8\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985-\u09a8\u09bf\u0982\u09ae\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09af\u09bc\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09a4\u09c7\u0993 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099a\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38cfb39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"38cfb39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ada09d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7ada09d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09b0<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7f838d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a7f838d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09ad\u09c1\u099f\u09be\u09a8, \u09b8\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ae, \u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u0996 \u0993 \u09ae\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ae\u09be\u09b2\u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc-\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4 \u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c2\u099c\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a8\u0964 \u09ad\u09c1\u099f\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac, \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cb \u0989\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0996\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u0982 (&#8220;\u09ac\u09be\u0998\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a1\u09bc&#8221;) \u09ae\u09a0\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u099a\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u0998\u09bf\u09a8\u09c0\u09b0 \u09aa\u09bf\u09a0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b8\u09c7 \u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p><p>&#8220;\u09a4\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u09b0\u0999\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7&#8221; (\u099c\u09be\u0982\u09a6\u09cb\u0995 \u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09b0\u09bf) \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u0985\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09ae \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u0997\u09a3\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09af\u09be \u0985\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09be\u09ad\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09a4\u09c0\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u0995\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-150951a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"150951a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb7dc95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bb7dc95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09a8\u09be<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d8b2c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d8b2c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099a\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09a4\u099f\u09c1\u0995\u09c1 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u09b8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09c2\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 Robert Mayer \u0993 Cathy Cantwell \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09af\u09bc (&#8220;The Padmasambhava Cycle&#8221;, Oxford 2013) \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac-\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u0998\u09a8\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0 \u09ae\u09bf\u09a5\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u0982\u0998\u099f\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/p><p>\u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u09aa\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7, \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099c\u09a8 \u0986\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09aa\u09cb\u09b7\u0995 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09ac\u0982\u09b6\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09be\u09a0\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09af\u09bc \u0997\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c7\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a8\u09ac\u09ae \u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u0987\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u09b2\u09c1\u0982 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a4\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 &#8220;\u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09a4\u09c7&#8221; \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac-\u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09be \u098f\u09a4 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fba3c9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4fba3c9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca67a71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ca67a71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0993 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfcc19c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dfcc19c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a5\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0: \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae \u09a5\u09be\u0982 \u0987\u09af\u09bc\u09bf\u0997 (\u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae-\u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8), \u0993\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b2\u09bf\u0982\u09aa\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a6\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09bf\u09a4; \u09aa\u09c7\u09ae\u09be \u0995\u09be\u09a5\u09be\u0982; \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cb \u09a5\u09cb\u09a1\u09cb\u09b2 (\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u0995, \u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09b2\u09cb\u09ab\u09a8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u0995\u09c7 \u09a6\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc); \u09ac\u099c\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c0\u09b2\u09af\u09bc-\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af: David Snellgrove und Hugh Richardson, &#8220;A Cultural History of Tibet&#8221;, London 1968; David Snellgrove, &#8220;Indo-Tibetan Buddhism&#8221;, London 1987; Janet Gyatso, &#8220;Apparitions of the Self&#8221;, Princeton 1998; Cathy Cantwell und Robert Mayer, &#8220;The Padmasambhava Cycle&#8221;, Oxford 2013; Robert Buswell und Donald Lopez, &#8220;Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism&#8221;, Princeton 2014; Klaus-Josef Notz, &#8220;Buddhismus&#8221;, Stuttgart 2002.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f489c6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6f489c6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50de9c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"50de9c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0993 \"\u09a4\u09bf\u09a8 \u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09a8\"<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a016ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a016ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09eb\u09e6 \u0995\u09bf\u09b2\u09cb\u09ae\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a3-\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09ac\u09cc\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099a\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac, \u09b6\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u0993 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09be \u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u0982 \u09a6\u09c7\u09ce\u09b8\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p><p>\u098f\u0987 \u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 (&#8220;\u09a4\u09bf\u09a8 \u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09a8&#8221;, \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cb\u09a8 \u09aa\u09be \u0997\u09b8\u09c1\u09ae) \u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09cd\u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb 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\u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a8\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9\u0964\" tabindex=\"0\">\u099c\u09be\u09a6\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0<\/span> (\u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac), \u09ae\u09a0\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b6\u09c3\u0999\u09cd\u0996\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 (\u09b6\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4) \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u0995\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 (\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u0982 \u09a6\u09c7\u09ce\u09b8\u09c7\u09a8) \u09b8\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09a7\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p><p>\u09ac\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u099f\u09bf \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0993\u09a6\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0 \u0986\u09a6\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09bf\u09a4, \u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u0995\u09b6\u09be \u09ae\u09c7\u09b0\u09c1 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u098f\u0995 \u09ac\u09be \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u09a6\u09c7\u09ac\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09b8\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u0964\" tabindex=\"0\">\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b0<\/span>\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u09ac\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0, \u09af\u09be \u09b9\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae \u0993 \u09ac\u09cc\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7 \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964\" tabindex=\"0\">\u09ae\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u09b2<\/span> \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u099a\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09e7\u09e6\u09ee\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c2\u09aa\u09b8\u09b9 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0\u09b0 \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/p><p>\u09e7\u09ef\u09eb\u09ef \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b9\u09b8\u09b9 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u0982\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a4 &#8220;\u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09a6&#8221; (\u09ed\u09ef\u09e8-\u09ed\u09ef\u09ea \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf.) \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0993 \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09be \u09ac\u09cc\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a8\u09c7\u09af\u09bc, \u09af\u09be \u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09cc\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u0995\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09ae\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a6\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0-\u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09c0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8734ab e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e8734ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb26340 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fb26340\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3-\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fd23e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6fd23e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09be (\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09a8\u0997\u09be\u0997) \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09b6\u09be\u0996\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u0964 &#8220;\u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09be&#8221; (\u09b0\u09bf\u0982 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u0989\u09a6) \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09af\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u0985\u09ac\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09ae\u09cc\u0996\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u099a\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09c7\u0964 &#8220;\u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09be&#8221; (\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u0989\u09a6) \u0997\u09c1\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09a7\u09a8-\u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u0995\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 (\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0\u09a4\u09cb\u09a8) \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7, \u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf \u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a5 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p><p>&#8220;\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8-\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09be&#8221; (\u09a6\u09be\u0997 \u09b8\u09a8\u09be\u0982 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u0989\u09a6), \u09af\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u0995\u09b0\u09be 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\u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09be \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u099c\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0\u09be \u0995\u09c0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u099a\u09c7\u09a4\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09b0 (\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cb) \u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p><p>Walter Yeeling Evans-Wentz-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u0987\u0982\u09b0\u09c7\u099c\u09bf \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 (Oxford 1927) \u09aa\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09ae\u09be \u0986\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09be\u09af\u09bc 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elementor-element-5fcc070 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5fcc070\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09ae\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09a6\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09cb<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8569b80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8569b80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u099f\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf, \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09a6\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09cb, 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0986\u099f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcab2b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fcab2b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u099f\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa (\u0997\u09c1 \u09b0\u09c1 \u09ae\u09ce\u09b6\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6) \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb: \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09a4\u09cd\u09b8\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7 (\u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7 \u099c\u09be\u09a4), \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09b6\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09c7\u0982\u0997\u09c7 (\u09ad\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c1\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09c7), \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac (\u0987\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09c2\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09a6\u09c7), \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u0995\u09b0 (\u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a8-\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7), \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09a6\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09cb (\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa), \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09bf\u09ae\u09be \u0993\u099c\u09be\u09b0 (\u09ac\u09cc\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09a6\u09c0\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7), \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09b8\u09c7\u0982\u0997\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a6\u09cb\u0995 (\u09b8\u09bf\u0982\u09b9\u0995\u09a3\u09cd\u09a0) \u0993 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09b2\u09cb\u09a6\u09c7\u09a8 \u099a\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u09c7\u0987 (\u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8-\u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0)\u0964<\/p><p>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3-\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a8-\u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a4\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u0985\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u0995-\u0995\u09be\u09a0\u09be\u09ae\u09cb \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b2\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ae\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u099f \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09ac\u09cb\u09a7\u09bf\u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09be\u09b2\u09c0\u09af\u09bc\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc, \u09ac\u09b0\u0982 \u09b8\u099a\u09c7\u09a4\u09a8\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964 Roger Jackson \u098f\u0987 \u0995\u09be\u09a0\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u0997\u09a4 \u09b8\u09be\u09a6\u09c3\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09cb\u09a7\u09bf\u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac-\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1-\u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u099a\u09c7\u09a4\u09a8 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c91bea2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c91bea2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b57c1c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b57c1c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0987\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cd\u09b8\u09cb\u0997\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b2: \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u0993 \u09b8\u09b9\u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u0995\u09be<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd743ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dd743ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0987\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cd\u09b8\u09cb\u0997\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b2 (\u0986\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ed\u09eb\u09ed-\u09ee\u09e7\u09ed \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf.), \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u09a8\u09c0 \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09af\u09be, \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09a4\u09c7\u09b0\u09ae\u09be-\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a5\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0995\u09b2 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u09aa\u09bf\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u09aa\u09be\u09a5\u09b0\u09c7, \u09b9\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09c7 \u0993 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09ad\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09af\u09ce \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0997\u09cb\u09aa\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p><p>Janet Gyatso (&#8220;Apparitions of the Self&#8221;, Princeton 1998) \u09a4\u09c7\u09b0\u09a4\u09cb\u09a8-\u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09a3\u09bf\u09b0 \u0986\u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u0987\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cd\u09b8\u09cb\u0997\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09ad\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p><p>\u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u099a\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 &#8220;Mkha&#8217; &#8216;gro ye shes mtsho rgyal gyi rnam thar&#8221; \u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09b6\u09be\u09ae \u09a8\u09c1\u09a6\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a6\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7 \u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c3\u0995 \u09a4\u09c7\u09b0\u09ae\u09be \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09c0-\u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u09c0\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u099a\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0993 \u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0988\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09c8\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u0964\" tabindex=\"0\">\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09c7<\/span> \u098f\u0995\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u098f\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af-\u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u0985\u09a7\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d06cb12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d06cb12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c0f880 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c0f880\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0\u09ae\u09be-\u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09be \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53b9b83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"53b9b83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u09a8\u09bf\u0982\u09ae\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad \u09a4\u09c7\u09b0\u09ae\u09be-\u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09be \u098f\u0987 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u0993 \u0987\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cd\u09b8\u09cb\u0997\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b2 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0997\u09cb\u09aa\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8, \u09af\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995-\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 &#8220;\u0997\u09c1\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09a7\u09a8-\u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u0995\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0&#8221; (\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0\u09a4\u09cb\u09a8) \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p><p>\u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09be \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a6\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u0982\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09cc\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0989\u09ad\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p><p>Janet Gyatso &#8220;Apparitions of the Self&#8221;-\u098f \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u09af\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c7\u09b0\u09ae\u09be-\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a5\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09c7 &#8220;\u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf-\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0\u09ae\u09be&#8221; (\u09b8\u09be \u0997\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0, \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u0997\u09a4 \u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0) \u0993 &#8220;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u098f\u09ae\u09a8 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09c0 \u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be, \u09af\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u099c\u0997\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964\" tabindex=\"0\">\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4<\/span>-\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0\u09ae\u09be&#8221; (\u09a6\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u0982\u09b8 \u0997\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0, \u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u0998\u09be\u099f\u09a8) \u09ad\u09be\u0997\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p><p>\u0989\u09ad\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u0993 \u09ac\u09c8\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u0964 Ronald Davidson (&#8220;Tibetan Renaissance&#8221;, New York 2005) \u09a4\u09c7\u09b0\u09ae\u09be-\u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09af\u09bc-\u0997\u09a0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c3\u09b9\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09aa\u099f\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8, \u09af\u09be \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a6\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u0987\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u09b2\u09c1\u0982 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a4\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e00aa18 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e00aa18\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59e7d49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"59e7d49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u0993 \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cb-\u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4394f85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4394f85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac-\u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cb-\u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be, \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1 \u0993 \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09b0 \u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u0964 &#8220;\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cb \u09a5\u09cb\u09a1\u09cb\u09b2&#8221; (\u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf, \u09aa\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09ae\u09c7 &#8220;\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u0995&#8221; \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09bf\u09a4) \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c7\u09b0\u09ae\u09be \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4, \u099a\u09a4\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u0982\u09aa\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c3\u0995 \u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u0964<\/p><p>\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a5\u099f\u09bf \u099b\u09af\u09bc\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cb-\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u09af\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u099a\u09c7\u09a4\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09aa\u09a6\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09aa \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964<\/p><p>Bryan Cuevas (&#8220;The Hidden History of the Tibetan Book of the Dead&#8221;, Oxford 2003) \u09aa\u09be\u09a0-\u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a0\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09ae\u09c7 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a5\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae Walter Y. Evans-Wentz (1927) \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b9\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09c0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u0995 Kazi Dawa Samdup-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964<\/p><p>\u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09ae\u09be \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cb-\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7, \u09af\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099a\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ac\u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-542e57d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"542e57d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02bd3e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"02bd3e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u09aa\u09be\u0981\u099a \u09a4\u09c7\u09b0\u09a4\u09cb\u09a8-\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09be<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6707d89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6707d89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09be\u0981\u099a &#8220;\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0\u09a4\u09cb\u09a8-\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09be&#8221; (\u0997\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cb\u09a8 \u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2 \u09aa\u09cb \u09b2\u09cd\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09be) \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8, \u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0997\u09c1\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09a7\u09a8-\u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u0995 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09bf\u09a4: \u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0982\u09b0\u09c7\u09b2 \u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09bf\u09ae\u09be \u0993\u099c\u09be\u09b0 (\u09e7\u09e7\u09e8\u09ea-\u09e7\u09e7\u09ef\u09e8), \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u099a\u09cb\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0982 (\u09e7\u09e8\u09e7\u09e8-\u09e7\u09e8\u09ed\u09e6), \u09a6\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7 \u09b2\u09bf\u0982\u09aa\u09be (\u09e7\u09e9\u09ea\u09ec-\u09e7\u09ea\u09e6\u09eb), \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae \u09b2\u09bf\u0982\u09aa\u09be (\u09e7\u09ea\u09eb\u09e6-\u09e7\u09eb\u09e8\u09e7) \u0993 \u099c\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0982 \u0996\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09ce\u09b8\u09c7 \u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0982\u09aa\u09cb (\u09e7\u09ee\u09e8\u09e6-\u09e7\u09ee\u09ef\u09e8)\u0964<\/p><p>\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a5 \u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a8-\u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be\u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf \u0989\u09ce\u09b8\u09ad\u09c7\u09a6\u09c7 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 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elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d276cda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u0995\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u099c\u09a8 \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8?<\/strong> \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u099f\u09bf \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09a4: \u098f\u0995\u099c\u09a8 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09be \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af-\u098f\u09b6\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0-\u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u0995, \u09af\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u0985\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09ae \u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09ad\u09be\u0997\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c7 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data-tooltip=\"\u09b9\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae \u0993 \u09ac\u09cc\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u0964\" tabindex=\"0\">\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0<\/span> \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u0995\u09c0?<\/strong> &#8220;\u0993\u09ae \u0986\u09b9 \u09b9\u09c1\u0982 \u09ac\u099c\u09cd\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u09b9\u09c1\u0982&#8221; \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09aa\u09c7 &#8220;\u0993\u09ae \u0986\u09b9 \u09b9\u09c1\u0982, \u09ac\u099c\u09cd\u09b0-\u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae, \u0989\u09aa\u09b2\u09ac\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 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\u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0-\u0986\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u0997\u09a3\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09af\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09ac\u09cc\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09c1\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be-\u0986\u099a\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac (Padmasambhava, \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 &#8220;\u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u099c\u09be\u09a4&#8221;), \u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09bf \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09b0\u09bf\u09a8\u09aa\u09cb\u099a\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ae\u0995\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09bf\u09a4, \u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u099c\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09be\u09a8-\u09ac\u09cc\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09be\u09a4\u09be \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09be \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09ae \u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09ad\u09be\u0997\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 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