{"id":64350,"date":"2026-08-01T10:24:07","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T10:24:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%ba%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d9%84%d8%af%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%ba%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%86\/"},"modified":"2026-08-01T10:24:27","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T10:24:27","slug":"tengri","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ar\/tengri\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a &#8211; \u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"64350\" class=\"elementor elementor-64350 elementor-2634\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a (Tengri) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0628. \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 <em>M\u00f6ngke K\u00f6ke Tengri<\/em>)\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0633\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0629.\">\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642<\/span><a href=\"\/ar\/siberia-shamanisme-tengrisme\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0629.\">\u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.\">\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;\\u0644\\u0645 \\u064a\\u062a\\u0645 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0639\\u062b\\u0648\\u0631 \\u0639\\u0644\\u0649 \\u0639\\u0646\\u0627\\u0648\\u064a\\u0646 \\u0641\\u064a \\u0647\\u0630\\u0647 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0635\\u0641\\u062d\\u0629.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-tengri-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-tengri-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-tengri-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_tengri-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2857\" alt=\"Tengri - G\u00f6tter aus der Sibirisch-tengrismus-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_tengri-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_tengri-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_tengri-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_tengri.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0648 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u062c\u064e\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0640<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0643)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0646\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p>\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062c\u0633\u064e\u0651\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b.<\/p><p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b <a href=\"\/ar\/uelgen\/\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u063a\u0646<\/a> \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648<a href=\"\/ar\/erlik-khan\/\">\u0625\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0646<\/a> \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a. \u064a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 <a href=\"\/ar\/siberia-shamanisme-tengrisme\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a<\/a>.<\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0646\u0648 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 <em>cheng-li<\/em>.<\/p><p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 <em>Tengri<\/em> \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b: \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b <em>te\u014bri<\/em>\u060c \u0648\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b <em>tngri<\/em> \u0623\u0648 <em>tenger<\/em>\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u064b <em>tangara<\/em>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0627\u064b <em>tur\u0103<\/em>. \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0621&#8221;.<\/p><p>\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d Gerard Clauson \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0647 <em>Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth Century Turkish<\/em> (1972) \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u062b\u0651\u0641\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p><p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u064e\u064a\u0646: <em>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/em> \u0648<em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u062c\u064e\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647<\/span><\/em>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u064a <em>dyaus<\/em> (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629) \u0648<em>\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0633<\/em>.<\/p><p>\u064a\u0635\u0641 Gerardus van der Leeuw \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0633&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0640<a href=\"\/ar\/khormusta\/\">\u062e\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627<\/a>.<\/p><p>\u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a) \u0639\u0646 <em>K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Tengri<\/em>\u060c &#8220;\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0643&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 <em>Tengri yarl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u060c &#8220;\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621&#8221;. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 <em>M\u00f6ngke K\u00f6ke Tengri<\/em>\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p><p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 Wilhelm Radloff \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0640Jean-Paul Roux \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0642\u0637 \u0623\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u062c\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p><p>\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0640&#8221;\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0632\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629&#8221; \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646: \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0640\u064a\u0647\u0648\u0647 (JHWH) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a.<\/p><p>&#8220;\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647&#8221; \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u061b \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0622\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0648\u062a \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 <em>Aar Tojon<\/em> \u0623\u0648 <em>\u00dcr\u00fcn Aar Tojon<\/em> (&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a&#8221;).<\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0632\u0651\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u061b \u0648\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0640Mircea Eliade \u0641\u064a <em>Le chamanisme et les techniques archa\u00efques de l&#8217;Ekstase<\/em> (1951)\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a &#8220;\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a&#8221;.<\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 (\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 (\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0651\u062c (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621&#8221;).<\/p><p>\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0645\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 Marlene Laruelle (2007) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0631<\/span> \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a (1240) \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0639 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a\u061b \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0644 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 <em>M\u00f6ngke Tengri-yin k\u00fcch\u00fcn-t\u00fcr<\/em>\u060c &#8220;\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/p><p>\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d Igor de Rachewiltz \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 Brill (2004) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629: \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0628\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b. \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a.<\/p><p>\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644\u0647\u0627 Wilhelm Radloff \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a (\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a <a href=\"\/ar\/uelgen\/\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u063a\u0646<\/a>) \u0645\u0639 <a href=\"\/ar\/erlik-khan\/\">\u0625\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0646<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u064f\u062e\u0644\u0651 \u0625\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a.<\/p><p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0635\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0631<\/span> \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0647 Mircea Eliade \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p><p>\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u064a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0643 (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0646\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0646\u0642\u0634<\/span> \u0628\u064a\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646) \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0649: &#8220;\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629\u064b.&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/p><p>\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0644 Talat Tekin \u0647\u0630\u0627 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0646\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634<\/span> \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 (1968) \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0646\u0628\u0651\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062c\u064a\u0644<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633<\/span> \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b <strong>\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u0627 \u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u062f. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u061b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 <em>\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0648<\/em> \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0631\u064e\u0642\u0629.<\/p><p>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 <em>tianzi<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621&#8221;. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f Caroline Humphrey \u0641\u064a <em>Shamans and Elders<\/em> (1996) \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629.<\/p><p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0650\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 <em>Kam<\/em> (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629) \u0623\u0648 <em>B\u00f6\u00f6<\/em> (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629): \u0623\u064a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/span>. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u064e\u0639\u064f\u062f \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0640<a href=\"\/ar\/umai\/\">\u0623\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064a<\/a> \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629.<\/p><p>\u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 &#8220;\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649&#8221; \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d <em>deus otiosus<\/em> \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0647 Mircea Eliade \u062b\u0645 Raffaele Pettazzoni \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b.<\/p><p>\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0646\u064f\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d <em>Tengri<\/em> \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 (\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 <em>T\u00e4ngre<\/em>)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u064f\u0631\u0651\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0638\u0644 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633<\/span> \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644\u061b \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0637\u063a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641 Walther Heissig \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a <em>Die Religionen der Mongolei<\/em> (1970).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a: \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0643\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0647. \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0646 &#8220;\u0637\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 (\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u063a\u062f\u0648)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/p><p>\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062a <a href=\"\/ar\/umai\/\">\u0623\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064a<\/a> \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 Vladimir Basilov \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a <em>Shamanism in Siberia<\/em> (1984).<\/p><p>\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0637\u0642\u0633<\/span> <em>\u0623\u0648\u0641\u0648<\/em>: \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u064e\u0651\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0632\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0642\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 (<em>\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0643<\/em>)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p><p>\u064a\u064f\u0641\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0647 Wilhelm Schmidt \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0627\u064b <em>Ursprung der Gottesidee<\/em> (1912\u060c 1955).<\/p><p>\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b: <em>Dyaus Pitar<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 Zeus Pater \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640Tyr\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 <em>\u00dcr\u00fcn Aar Tojon<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u062f\u064a Num \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0648 Ukko \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p>\u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a <strong>\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/strong> \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 Eliade <em>deus otiosus<\/em>: &#8220;\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644&#8221; \u064a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p><p>\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0644 <em>deus otiosus<\/em> \u0641\u064a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647 Raffaele Pettazzoni \u0641\u064a <em>L&#8217;essere supremo nelle religioni primitive<\/em> (1957) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 Wilhelm Schmidt.<\/p><p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u062c\u064e\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647<\/span>\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 (&#8220;\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 &#8220;\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a&#8221;)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631. \u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p>\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0640Olzhas Suleimenov \u0648Nurmagambet Ayupov \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064e \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0635\u062f\u062a Marlene Laruelle (2007) \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629: Wilhelm Radloff\u060c \u0648Vladimir Basilov\u060c \u0648Jean-Paul Roux\u060c \u0648Andrei Znamenski\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644 Igor de Rachewiltz \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a.<\/p><p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0651\u062e Mircea Eliade \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a Roberte Hamayon \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a <em>La chasse \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2me<\/em> (1990).<\/p><p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u061f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0640&#8221;99 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a&#8221; (33 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u064844 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f 22 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627) \u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0644\u0645\u0651\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f.<\/p><p>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0631 Walther Heissig \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a <em>Die Religionen der Mongolei<\/em> (1970).<\/p><p>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0648<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span>\u061f \u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644\u062a Roberte Hamayon \u0636\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 Eliade \u0628\u0623\u0646 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a &#8220;\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0629&#8221; \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0635\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u061b \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u063a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 <a href=\"\/ar\/khormusta\/\">\u062e\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631. \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u062c&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp23e73899 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp23e73899\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2fa99b9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2fa99b9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c162290 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2c162290\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp268040b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp268040b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a Vilhelm Thomsen \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p>\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647. \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0635\u0651\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/p><p>\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0650\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp245c69c8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp245c69c8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2182fa7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2182fa7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p>\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0643\u0640Wilhelm von Rubruk \u0648Giovanni da Pian del Carpine \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645. \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0625\u062b\u0646\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0648\u062b\u0651\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0637\u0627\u064b \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0625\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062b\u0646\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u062f\u0651 \u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0646\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0628.<\/p><p>\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 (\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Jean-Paul Roux: <em>La religion des Turcs et des Mongols<\/em> (Payot 1984)<\/li><li>Vladimir Basilov: <em>Shamanism in Siberia<\/em> (1984)<\/li><li>Wilhelm Radloff: <em>Aus Sibirien<\/em> (1893)<\/li><li>Mircea Eliade: <em>Le chamanisme et les techniques archa\u00efques de l&#8217;Ekstase<\/em> (1951)<\/li><li>Igor de Rachewiltz: <em>The Secret History of the Mongols<\/em> (Brill 2004)<\/li><li>Andrei Znamenski: <em>Shamanism and Western Imagination<\/em> (2007)<\/li><li>Marlene Laruelle: <em>Tengrism<\/em> (2007)<\/li><li>Talat Tekin: <em>A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic<\/em> (1968)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629: Tengri M\u00f6ngke K\u00f6ke Tengri \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646 deus otiosus.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-tengri\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f iWell Guard \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f <a href=\"\/ar\/siberia-shamanisme-tengrisme\/\">\u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. 41 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 30 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-tengri-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tengri-ccb 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