{"id":63616,"date":"2026-08-01T09:41:42","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T09:41:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%8a\/"},"modified":"2026-08-01T09:42:07","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T09:42:07","slug":"laozi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ar\/laozi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0644\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"63616\" class=\"elementor elementor-63616 elementor-3065\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-345170e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"345170e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff235dd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff235dd\" 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\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0648. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 100 \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0632\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062a\u0649.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633-\u063a\u064a\u0648\u0631\u063a \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0631 \u0641\u064a &#8220;Laotse&#8221; (1995) \u0648&#8221;The Philosophy of the Daodejing&#8221; (2006) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6257dc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c6257dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad033e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ad033e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28596d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"28596d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u0649 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a &#8220;Taoism: The Enduring Tradition&#8221; (2004) \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a.<\/span><\/p><p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 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\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a &#8220;Daoism and Chinese Culture&#8221; (2001) \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ba74c9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0ba74c9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c62d4e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c62d4e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c669a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c669a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 (&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221;)\u060c 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\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a.<\/p><p>\u063a\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0640<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/span>. \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646\u063a (\u062d\u0643\u0645 712 \u062d\u062a\u0649 756) \u0644\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064e \u0644\u0642\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f\u062c\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet>\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u064a &#8220;The Aspirations and Standards of Taoist Priests in the Early Tang Period&#8221; (1998) \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0646\u063a.<\/span><\/p><p>\u0623\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/span>\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/span>\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064e \u0644\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629\u064b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f33cd7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7f33cd7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-518d1c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"518d1c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-357732f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"357732f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u064a\u064f\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 &#8220;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629&#8221; (\u062f\u0627\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627) \u0648&#8221;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; (\u062f\u0627\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0648)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0646 (206 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 220 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f). \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a &#8220;Taoism: Growth of a Religion&#8221; (1997) \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0631\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a &#8220;Original Tao&#8221; (1999) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f\u062c\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>\u0648\u062b\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0640<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0628\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u062c\u064e\u0651\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u064b \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u062c\u064e\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u064b<\/span> \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629).<\/p><p>\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0646 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0628 \u0628\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e31b6ff e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e31b6ff\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f4de1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f4de1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0644\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6ed944 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d6ed944\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u064a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637)\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 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elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f4f2ade\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0648\u063a\u0648\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcdec89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fcdec89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064e \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0646\u0635 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f\u062c\u064a\u0646\u063a&#8221; \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1973 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 3 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0634\u0627 (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646) \u0646\u0633\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 168 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/span><\/p><p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u062a\u0627 &#8220;\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0623&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0628&#8221; \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642: \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0642 &#8220;\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u062f\u0647&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 38 \u0625\u0644\u0649 81 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a) &#8220;\u062c\u0632\u0621\u064e \u062f\u0627\u0648&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 37).<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 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Te-Tao Ching&#8221; (\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 1989) \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0628\u0651\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 130 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0628\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1993 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0648\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 (\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646) \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062e\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 300 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/p><p>\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062e\u064f\u0645\u0633\u064e\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f\u062c\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0633\u064e\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0623\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f\u062c\u064a\u0646\u063a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0646\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a &#8220;Lao Tzu&#8217;s Tao Te Ching.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>A Translation of the Startling New Documents Found at Guodian&#8221; (\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 2000) \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u061b \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a &#8220;The Guodian Laozi&#8221; (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0644\u064a 2000) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062f. \u0631\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a &#8220;Original Tao&#8221; (\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 1999) \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0648\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0651\u062e \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f\u062c\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0647&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0647\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0633\u064a&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f70d31 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f70d31\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-477e1e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"477e1e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d530ab5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d530ab5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f\u062c\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0647.<\/p><p>\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u062d \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627. &#8220;\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0647\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u063a \u063a\u0648\u0646\u063a&#8221; (&#8220;\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631&#8221;)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062e \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0646 (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f)\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0650\u0651\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0646\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646) \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1950 \u0641\u064a &#8220;Artibus Asiae&#8221; \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0647\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u063a \u063a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0643. \u0644. \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a &#8220;Two Visions of the Way&#8221; (\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a 1991) \u0634\u0631\u062d\u064e \u0647\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u063a \u063a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0628\u064a (226 \u062d\u062a\u0649 249)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0647&#8221; (&#8220;\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636&#8221;) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u064a-\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0641\u064a\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645&#8221; (&#8220;\u0648\u0648&#8221;) \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629.<\/p><p>\u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0647\u0648 &#8220;\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a-\u0625\u0631&#8221; (&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0643&#8221;)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0634\u064a&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646).<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0646 \u0631. \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0641\u064a &#8220;Early Daoist Scriptures&#8221; (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0644\u064a 1997) \u0634\u0631\u062d\u064e \u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a-\u0625\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u064b &#8220;\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0644\u0627\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u063a.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-450e76c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"450e76c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11340e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"11340e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eae2959 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eae2959\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f\u062c\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0647\u0648\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u061b \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647 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